EXPERIMENT 1 TITLE : Alkyd Resin Preparation Based On Soya Oil

ABSTRACT Alkyds resins are synthetic resin made by condensation between a polyhydric alcohol and a polybasic acid together with the modifying oils or corresponding acids. In this experiment, (Preparation of Alkyd Resin) Soya Oil, Glycerol and Phtalic Acid with the given specification are used to produce 100g of Alkyd Resin. INTRODUCTION An alkyd is a classes as polymer formed by chemical synthesis from many smaller molecules. This is referred to a condensation reaction due to the eliminated of a small molecule (commonly water). The reaction between a carboxyl group (COOH) and a hydroxyl group (OH) are termed esterification. This reaction is basic to alkyd preparation. METHODOLOGY Apparatus: Reaction flask 1000ml, condenser, Dean-Stark trap, dropping funnel, mechanical stirrer, thermometer, beaker 250ml(2), glass rod, burette, pipette, conical flask 250ml. Material: Soya oil, phthalic anhydride, glycerol, calcium hydrogen phthalate, potassium hydroxide, ethanol, nitrogen gas(N2), 0.5N aqueous sodium hydroxide, xylene.

RESULT 1. Result from calculation (theoretically): Material Soya oil Phtalic Anhydride glycerol Total W (g) 58 29 13 100 E (g/eku) 293 74 31 e0 (W/E) 0.34 0.66 0.71 1.00 eA 0.34 0.66 0.34+0.71 1.05 eB m0 (ex/F) 0.34 0.33 0.35 1.02

DISCUSSION

Alkyd resin are tough resinous products formed by reacting polybasic organic with polyhydric alcohols (polyols). This type of esterification reaction produces compounds of the general class of polyesters. The presence of monoacid (commonly fatty acid) as a major part of its composition, distinguishes alkyds from other polyesters. Preparing alkyd resins involved two processes which are alcoholysis and esterification process. CONCLUSION

From the experiment, the alkyd resin that was produced based on 100g of feed, has an acid number of 5.80 , 1.0g of water released , with the yield 99.34% and the oil length 100.3%. The resin also has quite good adhesion to steel, not so high hardness and impact resistance yet fair yellowing properties.

REFERENCES

1. Patton, T.C. (1962). Alkyd Resin Technology: Formulating Techniques and allied Calculations, John Wiley & sons Inc, New York. 2. Saunders, K.J. (1998). An Introduction to The Organic Chemistry of Adhesives, Fibers, Paints, Plastic and Rubbers, 2nd Edition, Chapman & Hall, London. 3. Parson P. (1993). Surface Coatings: Raw Material and Their Usage, Chapman & Hall, London.

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