Timeline After Independence Hyderabad State (which had few districts from Maharastra and Karnataka in addition to Telangana

region) was under Nizam rule. 17 September 1948: The Government of India annexed Hyderabad State in Operation Polo. 1953: Telugu-speaking areas in the Northern Circars and Rayalaseema regions were carved out of the erstwhile Madras state as a result of the 'fast unto death' incident by Potti Sri Ramulu to create Andhra State, with Kurnool as its capital 1953: States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was appointed to recommend the reorganisation of state boundaries. Telangana had several concerns 1) Their region had a less-developed economy than Andhra, but had a larger revenue base. 2) They feared that planned irrigation projects on the Krishna and Godavari rivers would not benefit Telangana proportionately. 3) It was feared that the people of Andhra, who had access to higher standards of education under the British rule, would have an unfair advantage in seeking government and educational jobs 20 February 1956: An agreement was reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on 20 February 1956 to merge Telangana and Andhra with promises to safeguard Telangana's interests. 1 November 1956: the central government established a unified Andhra Pradesh, Following the Gentlemen's agreement. 1948: Indian Army annexes princely state of Hyderabad, which comprised different regions including Telangana.

1950: Telangana became Hyderabad State with appointment of M.A. Vellodi as chief minister.

1952: First elections held in Hyderabad State.

Nov 1, 1956: Telangana merged with Andhra State, which was carved out of Madras State, to form Andhra Pradesh, a united state for Telugu-speaking people. 1969: 'Jai Telangana' movement for separate statehood to Telangana began. Over 300 people killed in police firing. 1972: 'Jai Andhra' movement began in coastal Andhra for separate Andhra State. 1975: Presidential order issued to implement S 1969: 'Jai Telangana' movement for separate statehood to Telangana began. Over 300 people killed in police firing.

1972: 'Jai Andhra' movement began in coastal Andhra for separate Andhra State.

1975: Presidential order issued to implement Six Point Formula, providing some safeguards to Telangana.

1997: BJP supported demand for Telangana state; in 1998 election, it promised 'one vote two states'.

2001: K. Chandrasekhara Rao floated Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) to revive Telangana movement.

2004: TRS fought elections in alliance with Congress, wins five Lok Sabha and 26 assembly seats. UPA includes Telangana issue in common minimum programme.

2008: TDP announced support for Telangana demand.

2009: TRS contested elections in alliance with TDP but its tally came down to two Lok Sabha and 10 assembly seats.

Sep 2: Chief Minister Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy died in helicopter crash, triggering political uncertainty.

Oct 2009: Chandrasekhara Rao began fast-unto-death for Telangana state.

Dec 9: Centre announced decision to initiate the process for formation of Telangana state.

Dec 23: Following protests in Rayalaseema and Andhra regions (Seemandhra) and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators, centre put the process on hold citing need for consensus.

Feb 3, 2010: Centre set up five-member Srikrishna committee to look into Telangana issue.

Dec 2010: Srikrishna committee submitted its report, suggested six options

July 30, 2013: UPA coordination panel and Congress Working Committee decided to carve out Telangana state. Protests in Seemandhra. ix Point Formula, providing some safeguards to Telangana. 1997: BJP supported demand for Telangana state; in 1998 election, it promised 'one vote two states'. 2001: K. Chandrasekhara Rao floated Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) to revive Telangana movement. 2004: TRS fought elections in alliance with Congress, wins five Lok Sabha and 26 assembly seats. UPA includes Telangana issue in common minimum programme. 2008: TDP announced support for Telangana demand. 2009: TRS contested elections in alliance with TDP but its tally came down to two Lok Sabha and 10 assembly seats. Sep 2: Chief Minister Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy died in helicopter crash, triggering political uncertainty.

Oct 2009: Chandrasekhara Rao began fast-unto-death for Telangana state. Dec 9: Centre announced decision to initiate the process for formation of Telangana state. Dec 23: Following protests in Rayalaseema and Andhra regions (Seemandhra) and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators, centre put the process on hold citing need for consensus. Feb 3, 2010: Centre set up five-member Srikrishna committee to look into Telangana issue. Dec 2010: Srikrishna committee submitted its report, suggested six options July 30, 2013: UPA coordination panel and Congress Working Committee decided to carve out Telangana state. Protests in Seemandhra.

Telangana 41.47% of its total area 40.54% of the state's population 76% of the state's revenues 76% of the state's revenues 69% of the catchment area of the Godavari River 68.5% of the catchment area of the Krishna River 20% of the total Government employees, less than 10% of employees in the secretariat, and less than 5% of department heads in the Andhra Pradesh government are from Telangana. state was represented by Telangana chief ministers for only 6 1/2 years Telangana with Hyd Population 40.6 Telangana withput Hyd Rayalseema 17.8 Coastal 41.6

Per capita income Level of urbanisation Contribution to GDP Sales tax contribution FDI Gross cropped area(million hec) In 1956 Net irrigated area(lakh hect) In 1956 % irrigation by canals Power/hec (kwh) Literacy % inc in literacy Youth literacy Primary schools per lakh population Upper primary schools Engg. Total installed power capacity

36082 22% 43% 82 6490 5 4.8 17 8 16% 4930 58 180 89 71.7 18.2 286 4348

33771 35% 8 1658

33056 23% 16% 15 4832 3 3.2 6 4 19%

36496 25% 41% 3 732 5.3 4.2 24 17 65% 1326 63 127 88 77.4 15.3 233 5242

55

5887 60 144 82 85.9 20.4

134

87 1840

1969 Jai Telangana moment -

the Government strengthened the Telangana Regional Committee the action on rational accounting of Telangana revenue surpluses, opening of more educational institutions in the Telangana area, special subsidies to industries in six Telangana districts and two Rayalaseema districts.

Observations - Although overall growth rates look robust in Telangana the difference between the haves and have nots is more in Telangana and Rayalaseema. The differences are very less in Andhra. - the allocations are based on the consideration of various factors like the contribution to the basin waters (where the catchment area will come into play), dependent population, developed usages, alternate sources, possibilities of use, etc. Catchment area cannot be the only criterion. Also, the allocations had already been determined for the state as a whole by the KWDT and the GWDT awards. Further division of these allocations is done project-wise and region-wise in the state through a technical committee. In addition, Telangana, being at a higher level, has natural disadvantage in gravity canal irrigation from large projects.

Economic effect

Additional revenues from taxes for inter-state trade Trade restrictions

Six point formula in 1973 Constitution of a Planning Board at state level as well as Sub-Committees for different backward areas; Preference to local candidates in admission to educational institutions and establishment of a new Central University in Hyderabad; Preference to specified extent to local candidates in direct recruitment to specified posts under the state government and organization of local cadres; Constitution of Administrative Tribunal; Amendment of the Constitution to confer enabling powers on the President; and The above approach would render the continuance of the Mulki Rules and the Regional Committee unnecessary. Steps for Telangana formation