Designation: A 668/A 668M 96 (Reapproved 2001)

An American National Standard American Association State Highway and Transportation Officials Standard AASHTO No.: M 102

Standard Specication for

Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use1

This standard is issued under the xed designation A 668/A 668M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope 1.1 This specication covers untreated and heat-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for general industrial use. Other ASTM specications for forgings are available for specic applications such as pressure vessels, railroad use, turbine generators, gearing, and others involving special temperature requirements. 1.2 Hot-rolled or cold nished bars are not within the scope of this specication. 1.3 Six classes of carbon steel and seven classes of alloy steel forgings are listed (see Section 7) , which indicates their required heat treatments, as well as mechanical properties. 1.4 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided. These shall apply only when specied by the purchaser. 1.5 Appendix X1 lists the grades corresponding to the various grades of Specications A 235, A 237, and A 243, which have been superseded by this specication. 1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard; within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exactly equivalent; therefore; each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specication. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings2 A 370 Test Methods and Denitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products3 A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Heavy Steel Forgings2

A 654 Specication for Special Requirements for Steel Forgings and Bars for Nuclear and Other Special Applications4 A 788 Specication for Steel Forgings, General Requirements2 E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings5 3. Terminology 3.1 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.1.1 hollow cylindrical forginga forging whose length, as measured on its longitudinal axis is more than its diameter, shall be considered as a hollow cylinder within the scope of this specication if it has been lengthened by extrusion or forged in a manner similar to that of a ring, namely, expanded in diameter on a mandrel. 3.1.2 ring-shaped or disk-shaped forginga forging whose length, as measured on its longitudinal axis, is less than its diameter or main transverse dimension is considered a ring or disk within the meaning of this specication. 4. Ordering Information 4.1 When this specication is to be applied to an inquiry, contract, or order, the purchaser should furnish the following information: 4.1.1 The ordering information required by Specication A 788. 4.1.2 The class of forging desired as listed in Section 7, 4.1.3 The options which may be selected as found in 5.4.2, 7.1.2, 7.3, and 14.1, and 4.1.4 Applicable supplementary requirements. 5. Materials and Manufacture 5.1 Melting ProcessThe steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. 5.2 DiscardSufficient discard shall be made from each ingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation. 5.3 Forging ProcessThe forging shall be brought as close as practical to nished shape and size by hot mechanical work.
4 5

1 This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. Current edition approved May 10, 1996. Published July 1996. Originally published as A 668 72. Last previous edition A 668 95a. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.

Discontinued. See 1983 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.

Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

A 668/A 668M
5.3.1 After forging and before reheating for heat treatment, the forgings shall be allowed to cool in a manner to prevent injury and to accomplish transformation. 5.4 Heat Treatment: 5.4.1 All forgings, other than Class A, shall be heat treated. See Section 7. 5.4.2 Where options exist within a class, the choice of heat treatment shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer, unless the purchaser species one of the available options. 6. Chemical Composition 6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. 6.2 The choice of chemical composition is left to the discretion of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specied by the purchaser. See Appendix X2. 6.3 Heat Analysis: 6.3.1 An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer. When possible, the test sample shall be taken during the pouring of the heat. If the test sample is lost or declared inadequate for chemical determinations, the manufacturer may take alternative samples from locations near the surface of an ingot or bloom, as necessary to establish the analysis. 6.3.2 In the case of large ingots poured from two or more heats, the weighted average of the chemical determinations of the several heats shall conform to the requirements specied in Table 1 or by agreement (see 6.2). 6.4 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by the purchaser from a forging representing each heat, or multiple heat if made in accordance with 6.3.2. Samples for analysis may be taken from the forging, or from a full-size prolongation at any point from the midradius to the outside diameter in the case of disk or solid forgings, or midway between the inner and outer surfaces of hollow forgings or rings, or from a test specimen. The chemical composition thus determined shall not vary from the requirements specied in Table 1 or agreed upon (see 6.2) by more than the amounts prescribed in Table 2. 7. Mechanical Properties 7.1 Tensile Requirements: 7.1.1 The material shall conform to the tensile properties prescribed in Table 3. 7.1.2 Tensile specimens shall be machined to the form and dimensions illustrated in Test Methods and Denitions A 370 and shall be tested in accordance with the latest issue of Test Methods and Denitions A 370. 7.1.3 Size ClassicationThe dimensions of the forging at time of heat treatment determine the size classication (see Table 3):
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Elements Composition, max, % Classes A to F and AH to FH Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur 1.35 0.050 0.050 Classes G to N and GH to NH ... 0.040 0.040

7.1.3.1 Solid ForgingsEither the as forged or rough machined diameter or thickness of solid forgings, disregarding large ends, collars, anges, and journals, at time of heat treatment shall determine the size classication. 7.1.3.2 Ring or Hollow Cylinder Forging The size classication shall be determined by its wall thickness or width, whichever is the smaller dimension of either the as forged or rough machined forging at time of heat treatment. 7.1.4 Number of TestsUnless the purchaser species that forgings shall be furnished in accordance with the requirements of 7.3, the number of tension tests performed shall be as follows: 7.1.4.1 For all classes of heat-treated forgings with rough machined weights less than 5000 lb [2270 kg] each, one test shall be made from each size classication represented in each heat in each annealing or normalizing charge, or from each size classication in each heat in each normalizing or quenching charge represented in each tempering charge. For untreated forgings (Class A) weighing less than 5000 lb each, one test from each heat shall be made. 7.1.4.2 On all classes, for forgings with rough machined weights of 5000 lb or more, at least one test from each forging shall be made. 7.1.4.3 On all classes, for forgings with rough machined weights of 7000 lb [3180 kg] or more, two tests will be taken: on ring and disk forgings 180 apart; on shafts and long hollow cylinders (over 80 in. [2.0 m] in length excluding test material), one from each end and offset 180 . Shafts and cylinder forgings 80 in. [2.0 m] or less in length (excluding test material) may have both tests located at one end 180 apart. 7.1.4.4 When forgings are made in multiple as a single forging, that is, forged as one piece and divided after heat treatment, the multiple forging shall be considered as one forging, and the number of tests required shall be as designated in 7.1.4.1, 7.1.4.2, and 7.1.4.3. 7.1.5 Prolongations: 7.1.5.1 A sufficient number of the forgings shall have prolongations for extracting specimens for testing. Locations of test specimens for various types of forgings shall be as shown in Fig. 1. 7.1.5.2 The nominal or principal outside rough machine diameter or thickness of the forgings, disregarding large ends, collars, anges, and journals shall determine the size of the prolongations for test specimens; however, the prolongations on annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered shafts may be extensions of the small diameter end of the shaft, as shown in Fig. 1. 7.1.5.3 For quenched forgings in Classes F, J, K, L, M, and N, the prolongations shall be sufficiently long so that the center of the gage length (for longitudinal specimens) or axis (for tangential specimens) of the tension test specimen shall be at the following locations: (1) On solid round forgings, bars, or billets (see Fig. 1 (a)), at midradius and from the end, 312 in. [89 mm] or 12 the diameter, whichever is less. (2) On solid rectangular forgings, bars, or billets, at 14 the thickness and width and from the end, 312 in. [89 mm] or 12 the thickness, whichever is less.
2

A 668/A 668M
TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Product Analysis

NOTE 1Product cross-sectional area is dened as either (Area taken at right angles to the axis of the original ingot or billet): (a) maximum cross-sectional area of rough machined forging (excluding boring), or (b) maximum cross-sectional area of the unmachined forging, or (c) maximum cross-sectional area of the billet.
Permissible Variation over the Maximum Limit or Under the Minimum Limit, % Element Unit or Maximum Specied Range, % Up to and incl. 200 in.2 incl [645 to 1290 cm2] 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.008 0.005 0.010 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 Over 200 in.2 to 400 in.2 incl [1290 to 2580 cm2] 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 Over 400 in.2 to 800 in.2 incl [2580 to 5160 cm2] 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 Over 800 in.2 to 1600 in.2 incl [5160 to 10320 cm2] 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.015 0.006 0.015 0.05 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 Over 1600 in.2 [over 10320 cm2] 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.015 0.006 0.015 0.06 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.16 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04

Carbon

Up to and incl 0.25 0.26 to 0.55 0.56 and over Up to and incl 0.90 0.91 and over Up to and incl 0.05 Up to and incl 0.030 0.030 and over Up to and incl 0.35 0.35 and over Up to and incl 1.00 1.01 to 2.00 incl 2.01 to 5.30 incl Up to and incl 0.90 0.91 to 2.10 incl 2.11 to 10.00 incl Up to and incl 0.20 0.21 to 0.40 incl 0.41 to 1.15 incl 1.16 to 5.50 incl Up to and incl 0.10 0.11 to 0.25 incl 0.26 to 0.50 incl 0.51 to 1.25 incl

Manganese

Phosphorus Sulfur

Silicon

Nickel

Chromium

Molybdenum

Vanadium

(3) On disk forgings (see Fig. 1(c)) (with prolongation on OD), at midthickness and from the OD 312 in. [89 mm] or 12 the thickness, whichever is less. (4) On disk forgings (see Fig. 1(c)) (with prolongation on the width or thickness) 312 in. [89 mm] or 12 the thickness, whichever is less, from any heat treated surface. (5) On ring forgings (see Fig. 1(d)) (with prolongation on width), at midwall and from the ring face 312 in. [89 mm] or 12 the wall thickness, whichever is less. (6) On ring forgings (see Fig. 1(d)) (with prolongation on the OD), at midwidth and from the OD 312 in. [89 mm] or 12 the width, whichever is less. 7.1.5.4 In place of prolongs, the manufacturer may: (1) elect to submit an extra forging(s) to represent each test lot; in this event, the representative forging must be made from the same heat of steel, have received the same reduction and type of hot working, be of the same nominal thickness, and have been heat treated in the same furnace charge as the forging(s) it represents; or (2) obtain the test specimen from the trepanned material of transverse or radial holes, provided depth is equal to or greater than the minimum depth required by 7.1.5.3. 7.1.6 Tests for acceptance shall be made after nal heat treatment of the forgings.
3

7.1.7 Test specimens shall be parallel to the axis of the forging in the direction in which the metal is most drawn out except that rings, hollow forgings which are expanded, and disks shall be tested in the tangential direction. 7.1.8 Yield point shall be determined on carbon steel Grades A through F, and yield strength on alloy steel Grades G through N. For carbon steel grades not showing a yield point, the yield strength at 0.2 % offset shall be reported. 7.2 Hardness TestsBrinell hardness tests shall be performed after heat treatment (except on Class A forgings) and rough machining on each forging weighing under 7000 lb [3180 kg] and each multiple forging made in accordance with 7.1.4.3 weighing under 7000 lb. For exceptions see 7.1.4.4 and 7.2.3. 7.2.1 The average value of the hardness readings on each forging shall fall within the hardness ranges specied in Table 3. The permissible variation in hardness in any forging over 250 lb [113 kg] shall not exceed 30 HB for Classes A through E, 40 HB for Classes F through J, 50 HB for Classes K through N. 7.2.2 At least two hardness tests shall be taken on each at face of disks, rings, and hollow forgings over 250 lb [113 kg] approximately at midradius and 180 apart, for example, at the

A 668/A 668M
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
Size, in. [mm] Class Over Not Over psi Carbon Steel A (AH) (Untreated) B (BH) (Annealed, or normalized, or normalized and tempered) C (CH) (Annealed, or normalized, or normalized and tempered) D (DH) (Normalized, annealed, or normalized and tempered) ... ... 20 [500] 20 [508] 47 000 60 000 325 415 ... 30 000 ... 205 ... 24 ... 36 183 max 120174 MPa Tensile Strength, min Yield Point, Yield Strength 0.2 % Offset, min psi MPa Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % Reduction of Area, min, % Brinell Hardness

... 12 [305] ... 8 [203] 12 [305] 20 [508] ... 8 [203] 12 [305] ... 4 [102] 7 [178] 10 [254]

12 [203] 20 [508] 8 [203] 12 [305] 20 [508]

66 000 66 000 75 75 75 75 000 000 000 000

455 455 515 515 515 515 585 570 570 620 585 585 565

33 000 33 000 37 37 37 37 500 500 500 500

230 230 260 260 260 260 305 295 295 380 345 345 330

23 22 24 22 20 19 25 23 22 20 20 19 19

36 34 40 35 32 30 40 37 35 39 39 37 36

137183 137183 149207 149207 149207 149207 174217 174217 174217 187235 174217 174217 174217

E (EH) (Normalized and tempered or double-normalized and tempered)

8 [203] 12 [305] 20 [508] 4 7 10 20 [102] [178] [254] [508]

85 000 83 000 83 000 90 85 85 82 000 000 000 000

44 000 43 000 43 000 55 50 50 48 000 000 000 000

F (FH) (Quenched and tempered, or normalized, quenched and tempered)

Alloy Steel G (GH) (Annealed, or normalized, or normalized and tempered) H (HH) (Normalized and tempered) ... 12 [305] ... 7 [178] 10 [254] ... 7 [178] 10 [254] ... 7 [178] 10 [254] ... 4 [102] 7 [178] 10 [254] ... 4 [102] 7 [178] 10 [254] ... 4 [102] 7 [178] 10 [254] 12 [305] 20 [508] 7 [178] 10 [254] 20 [508] 7 [178] 10 [254] 20 [508] 7 [178] 10 [254] 20 [508] 4 7 10 20 4 7 10 20 4 7 10 20 [102] [178] [254] [508] [102] [178] [254] [508] [102] [178] [254] [508] 80 000 80 000 90 000 90 000 90 000 95 000 90 000 90 000 105 000 100 000 100 000 125 115 110 110 145 140 135 135 170 165 160 160 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 550 550 620 620 620 655 620 620 725 690 690 860 795 760 760 1000 965 930 930 1175 1140 1105 1105 50 000 50 000 60 000 58 000 58 000 70 000 65 000 65 000 80 000 75 000 75 000 105 95 85 85 120 115 110 110 140 135 130 130 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 345 345 415 400 400 485 450 450 550 515 515 725 655 585 585 825 790 758 758 965 930 905 905 24 22 22 21 18 20 20 18 20 19 18 16 16 16 14 15 14 13 12 13 12 11 11 40 38 44 42 40 50 50 48 50 50 48 50 45 45 40 45 40 40 38 40 35 35 35 163207 163207 187235 187235 187235 197255 187235 207255 212269 207269 207269 255321 235302 223293 223293 293352 285341 269331 269341 331401 331401 321388 321402

J (JH) (Normalized and tempered, or normalized, quenched, and tempered)

K (KH) (Normalized, quenched, and tempered)

L (LH) (Normalized, quenched, and tempered)

M (MH) (Normalized, quenched, and tempered)

N (NH) (Normalized, quenched, and tempered)

3:00 and 9:00 positions on one face, and 6:00 and 12:00 positions on the opposite face. On solid forgings over 250 lb [113 kg], at least four tests shall be taken on the periphery of the forging, two at each end 180 apart. 7.2.3 For forgings 250 lb [113 kg] and less, Brinell testing shall be performed on the broken test specimens representing the heat or heats included in each heat treating charge, or in the case of untreated forgings (Class A), on the test specimen representing each heat. The results shall meet the requirements of Table 3. If the purchaser desires Brinell testing of each forging, Supplementary Requirement S11 may be used. 7.3 If so specied by the purchaser, forgings may be
4

supplied on the basis of hardness tests alone. If this option is exercised, the class shall be identied with the letter H, that is, AH, BH, CH, etc. 8. Dimensions and Tolerances 8.1 The forgings shall conform to the dimensions and tolerances specied on the purchasers drawing or order. 9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 9.1 The forgings shall conform to the nish specied on the purchasers drawing or shall otherwise have a good workmanlike appearance.

A 668/A 668M

FIG. 1 Locations of Test Specimens for Various Types of Forgings

10.

General Requirements

11. Retreatment 11.1 When heat-treated forgings are specied, and the mechanical test results of any test lot do not conform to the requirements specied, the manufacturer may retreat the lot not more than three additional times, and retests shall be made according to Section 7. Retreatment is dened as complete re-austenization. Multiple retempering is not precluded by this requirement. 11.2 When untreated forgings (Class A) are specied, and the mechanical test results of any test lot do not conform to the
5

10.1 Material supplied to this specication shall conform to the requirements of Specication A 788 which outlines additional ordering information, manufacturing, requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certication, product analysis variations and additional supplementary requirements. 10.2 If the requirements of this specication are in conict with the requirements of Specication A 788, the requirements of this specication shall prevail.

A 668/A 668M
requirements specied, the manufacturer may anneal, normalize, or normalize and temper, one or more times, but not more than three times; and retests shall be made in accordance with Section 7. The tensile properties shall conform to the requirements for the class of forgings ordered (Class A). 12. Retests 12.1 If the mechanical test results of any test lot do not conform to the requirements specied because of a discontinuity developing in the test specimen during testing, a retest shall be allowed if the discontinuity is not caused by ruptures, cracks, or akes in the steel. 13. Inspection 13.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspector all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with the specication. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. All tests and inspections, except product analyses, shall be made at the place of manufacture, unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 14. Rejection 14.1 Any forging having injurious discontinuities observed prior to or subsequent to acceptance at the manufacturers plant shall be subject to rejection. 14.2 Samples tested by the purchaser in accordance with 6.3 that represent rejected material shall be preserved for 60 days from the date of the rejection report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for rehearing within that time. 15. Certication and Reports 15.1 The mill shall furnish tests reports to the purchaser with the following information: 15.1.1 Chemical analysis, 15.1.2 Heat treatment, including temperatures for austenitizing and tempering, times at temperature, and cooling medium employed for the heat treatment. 15.1.3 Results of tests for mechanical properties or hardness, or both, and 15.1.4 The results of any required supplementary tests. 16. Product Marking and Packing 16.1 Each forging over 250 lb [113 kg] shall be legibly stamped by the manufacturer with the manufacturers name or trademark, the manufacturers serial number, the specication identication number, followed by the appropriate class number and, where applicable, an AISI Grade designation. 16.2 For forgings 250 lb [113 kg] and under, the purchaser may indicate the nature and location of identication marks. 16.3 The type of stamps to be used shall be round-nosed or interrupted-dot die stamps having a minimum radius of 132 in. [0.79 mm]. 17. Keywords 17.1 alloy steel forgings; carbon steel forgings; general industrial applications; heat treatment classications; strength classications

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specied by the purchaser in the inquiry, contract, and order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser. S1. Chemical Composition S1.1 The supplier shall obtain approval of the grade of steel he proposes to apply to the order and reach agreement with the purchaser on the ranges of each element specied in the composition. S2. Special Forging Techniques S2.1 Special forging techniques are required to produce metal ow during the hot working operation in the direction most favorable for resisting the stresses encountered in service. Verication of forging ow lines shall be by macro-etch testing of sample forgings in accordance with Method E 381. S3. Rough Turning and Boring S3.1 The position of any rough turning or boring in the sequence of manufacturing operations. S4. Carbon Content for Welding S4.1 For forgings intended for welding, the carbon content (product analysis) shall be limited to 0.35 max %.
6

S5. Bend Tests S5.1 The test specimen shall withstand being bent at room temperature through 180 without cracking on the outside of the bent portion of an inside diameter of 112 in. [38 mm]. S6. Magnetic Particle Test S6.1 Forgings shall be magnetic particle tested in accordance with the latest issue of Test Method A 275/A 275M. S7. Ultrasonic Test S7.1 Forgings shall be ultrasonically tested in accordance with the latest issue of Practice A 388/A 388M. S8. Vacuum Treatment S8.1 Vacuum degassed steel shall be supplied. S9. Tensile Requirements S9.1 When sizes larger than permitted in Table 3 are required, ductility values may be reduced from the specied values.

A 668/A 668M
S9.2 Yield strengths higher than those listed in Table 3 for quenched and tempered grades may be specied. S10. Heat Treatment S10.1 A minimum tempering temperature shall be specied. S11. Additional Tests S11.1 Tests in addition to those prescribed in Section 7 may be specied. S12. Additional Marking S12.1 Additional identication marking or the locations of the stamping or both may be specied. S13. Mechanical Test Location and Sampling S13.1 Quenched and tempered forgings shall have mechanical test specimens located and sampled in accordance with RG of Specication A 654. S14. Forge Procedure S14.1 The forge procedure shall be submitted by the manufacturer to the purchaser for approval prior to production of the forging.

APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information) X1. COMPARISON OF SPECIFICATION A 668/A 668M VERSUS SUPERSEDED SPECIFICATIONS A 235, A 237, and A 243

X1.1 See specication comparison in Table X1.1.

TABLE X1.1 Specication Comparison
Superseded Specication and Class A 235, A A 235, C A 235, C1 A 235, E A 235, F A 235, F1 A 235, G A 237, A A 237, B A 237, C A 237, C1 A 237, D A 237, E A 237, F A 237, G A 237, H A 243, A A 243, C A 243, C1 A 243, E A 243, F A 243, F1 A 243, G A 243, H A 243, I A 243, J A 243, K A 243, L A 243, M A 243, N A 243, O Use A 668/A 668M, Class A B C D ... E F G ... H ... J K L M N A B C D ... E F G ... H J K L M N

A 668/A 668M
X2. TYPICAL GRADES OF STEEL USED FOR A 668/A 668M CLASSES

X2.1 See chemical composition and class/grade guide for typical grades of steel in Tables X2.1 and X2.2, respectively.
TABLE X2.1 Chemical Composition (Maximum Weight Percentage)
Element Carbon Manganese Phosphorous Sulfur Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Vanadium Grade X1 0.30 0.90 0.04 0.04 0.35 ... ... ... ... Grade X2 0.45 0.90 0.04 0.04 0.35 ... ... ... ... Grade X3 0.40 0.85 0.025 0.025 0.35 3.75 ... ... ... Grade X4 0.45 1.10 0.025 0.025 0.35 ... 1.10 0.25 ... Grade X5 0.45 0.90 0.025 0.025 0.35 2.00 1.00 0.30 ... Grade X6 0.40 0.90 0.015 0.015 0.35 2.50 1.25 0.60 0.20

TABLE X2.2 Class/Grade Guide

Class Carbon Steel A B C D E F Alloy Steel G H J K L M N Brinell Hardness 183 max 120174 137183 149207 174217 187235 163207 187235 197255 212269 255321 293352 331401 Applicable Grades X1 X1 X1, X2 X1, X2 X2 X2 X3, X4 X3, X4 X3, X4, X5 X3, X5 X4, X5 X5, X6 X6

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ve years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).