Classical music as "music of the classical era" In music history, a different meaning of the term classical music is occasionally

used: it designates music from a period in musical history covering approximately Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach to Beethoven -roughly, 1730-1820. When used in this sense, the initial C of Classical music is sometimes capitalized to avoid confusion. Classical music and popular music The relationship (particularly, the relative value) of classical music and popular music is a controversial question. Some partisans of classical music may claim that classical music constitutes art and popular music only light entertainment. However, many popular works show a high level of artistry and musical innovation and many classical works are unabashedly crowd-pleasing. Thus there is the category of serious music, excluding those crowd pleasers, only including real monumental and creative works of art that contribute to humanity, very much like literature. It might be argued that, at least on the average, classical works have greater musical complexity. In particular, classical music usually

involves more modulation (changing of keys), less outright repetition, and a wider use of musical phrases that are not default length--that is, four or eight bars long (however, much minimalist music goes against these tendencies). Also, it is normally only in classical music that long works (30 minutes to three hours) are built up hierarchically from smaller units (usually called movements). This not to say that popular music is always simpler than classical. Both jazz and rap make use of rhythms more complex than would appear in the average classical work created after the Renaissance and before the twentieth century, and popular music sometimes uses certain complex chords that would be quite unusual in a common practice period classical work. Also, popular music uses many "associational" or "intensional" features, such as rhythmic and pitch inflection, not analyzable by traditional methods. Classical and popular music are distinguished to some extent by their choice of instruments. For the most part, the instruments used in common practice classical music are nonelectrical and were invented prior to the mid-1800's (often, much earlier), and codified in the 1700 and 1800's. They consist of the instruments found in an orchestra, together with a few other solo instruments (piano, harpsichord, organ). The electric guitar plays an extremely prominent role in popular music, but naturally plays no role in classical music, and only appears occasionally in the classical music of the 20th and 21st centuries. Both classical and popular musicians have experimented for the last several decades with electrical or electronic instruments (for instance, the synthesizer or electronic tape), and instruments from other cultures (such as the gamelan). An interesting speculation is whether works of popular music are likely to achieve the kind of permanence that works of classical music have achieved. Prior to the advent of audio recordings, this was not a possibility, since popular works are generally identified with the performance of the artist who created them. However, since highquality audio recordings have now existed for over fifty years, the

possibility of popular works achieving some kind of permanent, enshrined, status now presents itself, and is probably happening now in the case of the most outstanding artists. Classical and popular music interact in the phenomenon of crossover. Many popular songs have used themes and melodies from well-known classical pieces as their basis- for a list of examples see List of popular songs based on classical music.

1980s

(1983) "This Night" by Billy Joel - uses Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata as the basis for the chorus (1985) "Rock Me Amadeus" by Falco (1986) "Mars" by Emerson, Lake & Powell - arrangement of Mars: Bringer of War from Holst's The Planets

[edit] 1990s

See also: 1990s in music (1993) "Go West" by the Pet Shop Boys, emphasised the original 1979 Village People version's chord progression from Johann Pachelbel's Canon in D Major (1996) "Don't Look Back in Anger" by Oasis - chorus chord progression borrows from Johann Pachelbel's Canon in D Major. (1997) "C U When U Get There" by Coolio - based on Johann Pachelbel's Canon in D Major. (1998) "Christmas Canon" by the Trans-Siberian Orchestra - based on Johann Pachelbel's Canon in D Major. (1999) "Barber's Adagio for Strings" by William Orbit - a techno/electronic version of Samuel Barber's "Adagio for Strings" (1999) "Love of My Life" by Dave Matthews and Carlos Santana on the Supernatural album. Main theme is a nearly literal quotation of a theme in the 3rd symphony of Johannes Brahms, with some rhythmic changes.

[edit] 2000s

See also: 2000s in music (2000) "Graduation (Friends Forever)" by Vitamin C - based on Johann Pachelbel's Canon in D Major.

(2000) Beethoven's Last Night by Trans-Siberian Orchestra - based on classical music, in particular, Beethoven. (2001) "Yatta" by Happa-tai - based on Johann Pachelbel's Canon in D Major. (2003) "I Can" by Nas - samples the theme from Ludwig van Beethoven's Fr Elise. (2005) "They" by Jem is based on Bach's Prelude in F minor (BWV 881). (2005) "Adagio for Strings" by Tisto is a trance arrangement of "Adagio for Strings".[1] (2005) "Road to Joy" by Bright Eyes is based on the melody of Beethoven's Ode to Joy. (2007) "Grace Kelly" by Mika - Mika has admitted that he borrowed the main harmony from Figaro's famous aria Largo al factotum in the opera The Barber of Seville by Gioachino Rossini.[2] (2007) "The Second Coming" by Juelz Santana - samples the Gregorian chant Dies Irae. Sweetbox - a band performing mostly classical-based covers

Role of classical music in education Throughout history, parents have often made sure that their children receive classical music training from a young age. Early experience with music provides the basis for more serious study later. Some instruments, such as the violin, are almost impossible to learn to play at a professional level if not learned in childhood. Some parents pursue music lessons for their children for social reasons or in an effort to instil a useful sense of self-discipline; lessons have also been shown to increase academic performance. Some consider that a degree of knowledge of important works of classical music is part of a good general education.

Intransitive Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs can be either transitive (must have a direct object) or intransitive (verb can stand alone without a direct object). "If the verb is transitive, the object can go before or after the particle without affecting meaning" (McArthur 773). For example, "she put up the toys" can also be stated "she put the toys up." With intransitive phrasal verbs, however, the particle "usually cannot be separated from its...verb" (Quirk 1152). back down back out back up retreat from a position in an desert; fail to keep a promise move backwards argument

bear up endure blow up explode; lose one's temper carry on continue as before; misbehave check up investigate clear out leave close up close temporarily come back return come over come to someone's house, to where someone is cut in interrupt die off/out disappear; become extinct drop in visit someone casually without planning

blow in drop in to visit unexpectedly call up telephone catch on understand check out leave; pay one's bill clear up become clear came about happen come by visit someone in his home come through succeed die away fade; diminish dress up don fancy or unusual clothes drop out abandon some organized activity; leave; quit

blow over pass without doing harm calm down become calm catch up cover the distance between oneself and a moving goal cheer up become cheerful close down close permanently come along accompany; make progress come out appear; make a social debut come to regain consciousness die down fade; diminish drive back return by car drop over visit someone casually fall through fail; not be accomplished fly back return by air get along have a friendly relationship get by manage; either just barely or with a minimum of effort get on enter (a vehicle); mount (a horse, etc.) get through finish go back return

fall behind fall off not progress at required pace decrease; lose weight fill in find out substitute learn fly over get ahead fly to where someone is make progress get around circulate; move about get in enter get on/along progress; be compatible give out become exhausted get away escape get off descend from leave get up rise give up surrender; fail to finish

go off explode go over go; succeed hang up replace a telephone receive on its hook keep on continue lie down recline make up become reconciled pass out become unconscious pull in arrive ride over ride to where someone is run off depart running; drain show off boast by words or actions slow up reduce speed stay over remain at someone's house overnight or longer take over assume command turn around turn so that one is facing another direction turn up arrive; be found unexpectedly walk back return on foot to where one

go out stop burning; leave one's residence grow up hang around mature remain idly; dawdle hold on hold out grasp tightly; persevere; wait continue to resist; persevere; while telephoning persist keep up let up maintain the required pace or diminish in intensity standard; continue look on make out be a spectator progress; succeed move over pan out move to the side turn out well; be successful pass on pick up die grow; increase pull out pull through deport survive (barely) run away run down escape; leave; leave quickly slowly lose power so as to without permission stop functioning sell out settle up sell the ownership or pay one's bills or debts responsibility show up shut up arrive; appear unexpectedly stop talking stand up stand by stand; rise from sitting; last; wait; be prepared to assist endure go on happen; continue step aside move to one side talk back answer impolitely turn in go to bed take off leave the ground throw up vomit turn out succeed; come; appear, as at a public meeting

wait up wake up remain awake in anticipation awaken walk over walk to where someone is wash out fade or disappear from

was watch out be careful work out be successful

washing wear off wear out fade; disappear through use or become unusable through time use; become used up