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Sulphur Recovery Unit

Usually crude oil extracted f rom geological sources is accompanied by hydrogen sulphide gas (H2S). T his H2S is separated f rom rest of the oil at the atmospheric distillation unit along with lighter hydrocarbons and collectively termed as sour gas. H2S is separated f rom hydrocarbons at the amine treatment unit and H2S rich gas f low is sent to sulphur recovery unit (SRU) f or extracting elemental sulphur f rom H2S gas. T he basic process used in SRU is Claus Process which involves combustion of a part of H 2S gas to f orm SO2. Later this SO2 is reacted (conversion) with H2S in presence of catalyst (Cobalt / molybdenum / aluminum oxide ) to f orm elemental sulphur and steam. T he main chemical reactions involved are: 2H2S + 3O2 2SO2 + 2H2O (Combustion reaction) 4H2S + 2SO2 6S + 4H2O (Conversion reaction) Note that around one third of the H2S is f irst combusted and then reacted with rest of the H2S to give elemental sulphur and steam as end products. Generally upto 97% of H2S to elemental sulphur is achievable with the use of multiple conversion reactors. If the remaining H2S has to be removed f rom the tail gas due to environmental concerns, the remaining tail gas can be sent to a Tail Gas Treatment (T GT ) absorber.

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