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Carlyle A. Thayer, “Vietnam’s Defence Relations with China and the United States,” Presentation to Seminar co-hosted by the Rajaratnam School of International Studies and the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, July 25, 2008.
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Thayer Vietnam's Defence Relations: China and the US
Carlyle A. Thayer, “Vietnam’s Defence Relations with China and the United States,” Presentation to Seminar co-hosted by the Rajaratnam School of International Studies and the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, July 25, 2008.
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Carlyle A. Thayer, “Vietnam’s Defence Relations with China and the United States,” Presentation to Seminar co-hosted by the Rajaratnam School of International Studies and the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, July 25, 2008.
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
1999-2000 Comprehensive 1995 Normalization and
Cooperation in the New Century appointment of first DA No defence clause 2001 Bilateral Trade Agrm. 2005 bilateral defence consultations 2003 VCP Plenum
2004 annual defence dialogue
2008 strategic partners DA = Defence Attache; IMET = International June 2005 IMET Agreement Military Education and Training and intelligence sharing High-Level Visits
China-Vietnam United States-Vietnam
Z 2002-06 four visits by Z 2000-06 two visits by U.S. Vietnamese Defence Secretary of Defense and Minister and only one return only one visit by visit by Chinese Defence Minister Vietnamese Defence Minister Z Roughly equal exchanges by chiefs of General Staff, GPD Z 1994-2007: nine visits by and GLD (political/logistics) Commander Pacific Command Z Exchanges by Military Region Commanders Naval Port Visits
China-Vietnam United States-Vietnam
2000 Gulf of Tonkin delineation 2003 USS Vandergrift HCMC and Fisheries Agreement 2004 USS Curtis Wilbur, Da Nang Nov. 2001 PLAN Jiangwei II guided missile frigate visits Ho 2005 USS Gary, HCMC Chi Minh City 2006 USS Patriot and USS Salvor, April 2006 joint naval patrols in HCMC Gulf of Tonkin 2007 USS Peleliu, Da Nang; and December 2006 joint naval USS Patriot and USS Guardian, patrols in Gulf of Tonkin Hai Phong
2008 USS Mercy, Nha Trang
Professional Military Education and Training
China-Vietnam United States-Vietnam
Z Extensive discussions on Z Extended IMET army-building Z Foreign Military Training:
Z Under consideration: Z FY2003 & 2004 = nil
Z Exchanges in personnel Z FY2004 N = 20 (13 at APCSS) training Z Vietnamese participation Z FY2005 17 (9 at APCSS and 8 IMET). at National Defence University suggested Z IMET – English language and medical training Other Defence Cooperation
China-Vietnam United States-Vietnam
Z Demining along land Z MIA-POW full accounting border Z Demining and UXE
Z Agreement on land border Z Agent Orange joint research
(1999) and subsequent Z Humanitarian assistance and demarcation disaster relief (flood control)
Z Counter-terrorism
Z Military medicine research
(HIV/AIDS) UXE = unexploded ordnance Other Defence Cooperation
Vietnam-United States United States-Vietnam
2003 Vietnamese observers at 1997 Proposed: tactical COBRA GOLD discussions and joint training exchanges in Jungle warfare May 2007 Vietnamese observers at Western Pacific 2002: counter drug trafficking Naval Symposium 2007: send US officers and cadets to train in Vietnamese 2007-08 Vietnamese universities observers at annual mid-year US-Southeast Asia bilateral 2009 participation in SAR joint exercises exercise? Arms Sales & NDI
China-Vietnam United States-Vietnam
• 2005 NORINCO ammunition • 1994 CINCPAC proposes for small arms and artillery, equipment exchanges/sales military vehicles, and co- production ammunition and • 2003 David Lamb, LAT: ‘an heavy machine guns attractive arms market’
• 2005 US Ambassador: repair
• 2005 Defence Ministers discuss and maintenance mooted, USN NDI cooperation to purchase supplies • 2005 China’s Commission for • 2006 Secretary Rumsfield Science, Technology and Vietnam to buy military spare Industry visits Vietnam parts
LAT = Los Angeles Times
Arms Sales & NDI
China-Vietnam United States-Vietnam
Z 2008 Vietnamese Deputy Z 2006 Sec State sale, lease, Defence Minister holds export or transfer non-lethal discusisons with China’s defence articles and defence Commission for Science, services authorized Technology and Industry in Beijing; suggests Z 2006 Presidential cooperation in personnel Memorandum Vietnam training, frontier and eligible under Foreign Assistance Act of 1961; but coastal defence and ‘other excluded from lethal end fields’ items or their components, Arms Sales & NDI
United States-Vietnam United States-Vietnam
non-lethal crowd control devices • 2007: U.S.-ASEAN and night vision devices. Business Council hosts visit • 2007 International to Hanoi by U.S. Defense Trafficking in Arms and Security Corporate Regulations amended to Executive Delegation (ITT, allow trade with Vietnam on case by case basis Aerospace, Lockheed Martin, Northrop • 2007 U.S.-ASEAN Business Grumman, Oracle) Council opens office in Hanoi Former US DepSec Defense
• ‘Perhaps the greatest opportunity over the next
15 years lies in Vietnam, where political reforms need to complement the economic reforms already well underway if the nation is to reach its potential and contribute more to the overall effectiveness of ASEAN. ASEAN has been central to the fostering of a regional consciousness and is a driver of proliferating pan-Asian groupings.’ – Richard Armitage and Joseph Nye, February 2007 Former U.S. Defense Secretary
‘[regarding rise of Chinese military]
Washington must also maintain and expand U.S. alliances in Asia, including with Japan, South Korea and Australia, pursuing deeper military partnerships with the Philippines, Singapore, India and possibly Vietnam.’ Z William Perry, April 2007. U.S.-Vietnam Strategic Cooperation
Z Attended meeting of Proliferation Security Initiative
held in New Zealand
Z 2004 Attended CHOD meeting (Asia-Pacific CHiefs
Of Defence) for first time, Tokyo
Z U.S. Global Threat Reduction Initiative
Z Shangri-La Dialogue (2008)
Z US Chairman JCS met with Vietnam representative Non-Permanent Member United Nations Security Council
• Since Vietnam has become non-permanent member of
UN Security Council it has become “central to US PACOM [Pacific Command].” • Voted for new round of sanctions against Iran (March 2008) • Supported increased financial and logistics assistance for peacekeeping forces in Darfur (April 2008) • Expressed readiness to contribute to UN peace keeping operations (PKO) Vietnam’s National Maritime Strategy to 2020 10th VCP Congress policy on maritime economy (April 2006) 4th VCP plenum ‘Maritime Strategy Towards the Year 2020’ (January 2007) Sino-Vietnamese Friction 2007
• BP oil and gas plans shelved temporarily (March-June)
• Chinese naval vessels detain 4 Vietnamese fishing craft (April) • Chinese sink one Vietnamese boat and kill one fisherman (9th July) • People’s Liberation Army-Navy (PLAN) naval exercise in Paracels (November) • National People’s Council creates Shansa county level administrative district Anti-China Student Demonstrations
Anti-China student demonstrations
in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City on 9th and 16th December 2007 Sino-Vietnamese Friction 2008
• Vietnamese students stage anti-China protests (9 and
16 December), China protests
• China-Vietnam Steering Committee convenes (23
January)
• China accused Vietnamese fishermen of attacking
Chinese trawlers in Gulf of Tonkin (January)
• Beijing ‘Summit’ of party chiefs (30 May-2 June)
Sanya Naval Base 5 Aug 05 to 28 Feb 08 Sanya Base, Hainan Tentative Conclusions
Z Vietnam faces an emerging contradiction between
its foreign and defence policies. Z Vietnam seeks to leverage its external relations with China in order to boost economic development, Z Yet Vietnamese plans to develop its maritime zone in the East Sea has provoked a Chinese counter-reaction designed to scuttle this initiative. Tentative Explanations for Vietnamese Behaviour Z Band-wagoning