FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BEKC 2421 CONTROL SYSTEM ENGINEERING LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT 2: TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM (Part 1)

Group Members

: HO WAH CHONG : LING SING YIP : KOH GUAN KEONG

B011110299 B011210094 B011110245

Lab Group Program/Section Date Checked By Score

: G2 : 2BEKM/S1 : 29/04/2013 : :

Part 1: Temperature Control System 1.0 Abstract

The experiment in part 1 was aim to study about the temperature control system. In the experiment in part 1, there are two parts; one part is study about the open-loop temperature control system, another part is study about the Positive and Negative Feedback in ClosedLoop Temperature Control System. The method that we used during the experiment is by using the Lab-Volt Process Control Trainer Model 3521 to do out the experiment. The LabVolt Process Control Trainer Model 3521 is an apparatus that can set up the basic temperature control system by using heater, fan and temperature indicator.

2.0 Objective and Scope

1. To observe and explain the operation of open-loop and closed-loop temperature control system. 2. To compare the performance characteristics of the open-loop and closed-loop temperature control system.

3.0 Experiment Background

Control system consists of an input, a process, and an output. Control system can be differentiating into 2 types, which are open-loop and close-loop. Open-loop system output for disturbances is not monitored or corrected whereas in closed-loop system is monitored and compared with input so that if an error is detected, the system will correct the output and hence corrects the effects of disturbances. However, open-loop systems are simpler and less expensive than closed-loop system. [1] While in temperature control system, the main thing that we control is the temperature. The examples that related to our daily in the temperature control system is the air-conditional. We can set the temperature that we desired in the system. When the sensor detect the environmental temperature is different with the temperature that we set in the system. The air-conditional will change the temperature by blowing more cold air into the environment or stop blowing any cold air into environment. The main thing that we study in this experiment is related to the car radiator temperature control system. The Lab-Volt Process Control Trainer model 3521 will act as the car radiator temperature control system.

4.0 Equipment
1. Lab-Volt Process Control Trainer Model 3521 2. Connecting Leads 3. Stopwatch

Figure 1: The Lab-Volt Process Control Trainer Model 3521

Figure 2: The diagram show the circuit of an open-loop temperature control system

5.0 Open-Loop Temperature Control System

5.1 Procedure 1. The appropriate connection as the circuit shown in the Figure 2 which is an open-loop temperature control system is made. 2. The POWER switch to ON position is set and the initial temperature of the radiator is recorded. 3. The DC SOURCE-1-LEVEL control to voltage set point at +2.5v is turned on. The temperature of the radiator of every minute is recorded for 15 minutes or until the temperature stabilizers occur. The light of the Solid State Relay LED is also observed. 4. After 15 minutes or temperature stabilizers occur, the Fan Speed switch to high position is set to increase the heat loss from the radiator. 5. The temperature of the radiator is recorded for every 10minutes or until the temperature stabilizers. 6. The DC-SOURCE-1-LEVEL control is turned into fully counterclockwise to cut the power supply to the heater. 7. The table of the result is shown to show the relationship between the temperature of the radiator and time. The time when the fan is switched on is indicated. 8. The Power of the Process Control Trainer is turned off and all the leads are removed when temperature display is approximately equal to the room temperature

5.2 Result Time(minute) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14* 15 16 17 18 19 20 * The fan start to switch on.

Temperature(oC) 27.5 31.8 35.7 39.1 41.8 43.6 45.0 45.3 45.5 45.5 45.6 45.7 45.7 45.7 44.0 43.2 42.9 42.8 42.8 42.8 42.8

Solid State Relay Off Off On On On On On On On On On On On On On Off Off Off Off Off Off

Graph of the Radiator's Temperature Increase

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1Min 2Min 3Min 4Min 5Min 6Min 7Min 8Mn 9Min 10Min 11Min 12Min 13Min

Graph of the Radiator's Temperature Decrease

44.2 44 43.8 43.6 43.4 43.2 43 42.8 42.6 42.4 42.2 14Min 15Min 16Min 17Min 18Min 19Min 20Min

6.0 Positive and Negative Feedback in Closed-Loop Temperature Control System

6.1 Procedure

Figure 3: The diagram show the circuit of the closed-loop temperature control 1. The appropriate connection as the circuit shown in the Figure 3 which is an closed-loop temperature control system is made. 2. The following settings on the trainer are set: DC Source-1-Level Temperature Transmitter Zero Temperature Transmitter Span DC Voltmeter Input Selector Level Comparator Hysteresis Heater Power Fan Speed Proportional Amplifier Gain Limiter Level - Fully counterclockwise(MIN) - Mid position - Min. - High - Min - High - High - of maximum - Max.

3. The trainer is turned ON and the set point voltage, V of +3.5v is set. 4. The feedback voltage, VT the error voltage, VE and the amplified error voltage, Vo are measured by using the B input of the DC voltmeter. 5. The system is operated until the temperature display indicated approximately 35oC. The error voltage, VE during this time interval is observed. 6. The feedback voltage, VT the error voltage, VE and the amplified error voltage, Vo are measured again by using the B input of the DC voltmeter.

7. The DC-SOURCE-1-LEVEL control is turned into fully counterclockwise to cut the power supply. 8. The Power of the Process Control Trainer is turned off when temperature display is approximately equal to the room temperature.

Figure 4: The diagram show the circuit use in the second part 9. The connections on the trainer are modified to obtain the circuit shown in Figure 4. 10. The feedback voltage, VT the error voltage, VE and the amplified error voltage, Vo are measured again by using the B input of the DC voltmeter. 11. The system is operated for a 5 minutes to observe the error voltage. 12. The lead connected to the control input of the Solid State Relay and the trainer is operated few minutes so that the temperature of the radiator decreases. 13. The Power is switch off of the trainer and removes all leads. 6.2 Result Trainer Just On Temperature reach 35oC The voltage shut down 5Minutes after the shut down VT(v) 0.5 3.5 3 4.5 VE(v) 2.5 0 6.3 6.7 Vo(v) 5.125 0 5.5 5.5

7.0 Discussion
7.1 Open-Loop Temperature Control System From this experiment, we can see that when the power of the heater switches on, the temperature of radiator increases. When the temperature reaches 45.7oC, the temperature remains constant at that moment because the heat transfers out and in the radiator has remained constant. After 14 minutes the power switches on, we switch on the fan to cold down the radiator by increasing the heat loss from the radiator. 7.2 Positive and Negative Feedback in Closed-Loop Temperature Control System

7.3 Precaution 1. Connecting circuit is permitted only after power has been disconnected to avoid electric shock. After finishing the connection of experiment circuit or doing any modification on the experiment circuit, please ask the instructor to verify whether it is right or not before turning on the power supply. 2. Always choose sufficiently long leads; do not connect two or more short leads to make one long lead. Remove disconnected lead from the trainer. 3. Before proceed with different test, let the system operate and wait until the temperature display is approximately equal to the room temperature.

8.0 Conclusion

10.0 References
[1] Nur Aidawaty Rafan and Silah Hayati Kamsani, Control Systems Theory, Module 4, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 2011.