http://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Rajasthan Rajasthan Contents:- History/ Geography/ Economy/ Tourism/ Culture/ Administration/ Government/ Politics/ Districts/ Demographics/ Flora and fauna/ Wildlife/ Transport/ Important cities and towns/ Statistics Rjasthn (Rajasthani: , pronounced [r d s t n ( listen)) (the land of colours[1]) the land of Rajasthanis, is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert), which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan. It is one of the most beautiful states of India which attracts very large number of domestic and foreign tourists in India. The state is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers an area of 132,150 sq mi or 342,239 km. The proportion of the state's total area to the total area of the country is 10.41 per cent. Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the state. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-western Rajasthan and the termination of the Ghaggar River near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga, which are the oldest in the subcontinent discovered so far. One of the world's oldest mountain ranges, the Aravalli Range, cradles the only hill station of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, famous for Dilwara Temples, a sacred pilgrimage for Jains. Eastern Rajasthan has the world famous Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, once famous for its bird life and is a World Heritage Site and two famous national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserve. Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949, when all erstwhile princely states ruled by Rajputs, known as Rajputana, merged into the Dominion of India. It was essentially the country of the Gurjars.[2] Historian R. C. Majumdar explained that the region was long known as Gurjaratra (Country protected by the Gurjars or Gurjar nation), early form of Gujarat, before it came to be called Rajputana, early in the Muslim period. [3] The historian John Keay in his book, India: A History stated that, Rajputana name was given by Britishers and The word even achieved a retrospective authenticity, in 1829 translation of Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, John Briggs discarded the phrase Indian princes, as rendered in Dow's earlier version, and substituted Rajpoot princes.[4] The only difference between erstwhile Rajputana and Rajasthan is that certain portions of what had been British India, in the former province of Ajmer-Merwara, were included. Portions lying geographically outside of Rajputana such as the Sumel-Tappa area were included in Madhya Pradesh.[citation needed] History Main article: History of Rajasthan Gurjar Pratihars domination around ninth century. Maharana Pratap Singh, legendary sixteenth century Rajput ruler of Rajasthan. The iconic Mehrangarh Fort built by Rao Jodha in 1459. The Chittorgarh Fort is one of the largest forts in Asia Hawa Mahal or "Palace of Winds" in Jaipur. The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's first and oldest civilizations, was located in parts of what is now Rajasthan. Kalibangan in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization. [5] It is believed that Western Kshatrapas (35 405 BC) were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan). They were successors to the Indo-Scythians, and were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of Ujjain and establish the Saka era (with Saka calendar), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps kingdom.[6] Traditionally the,Meenas , Rajputs, Yadavs, Jats,Bhils, Gurjars, , Bishnois and other tribes made a great contribution in building the state of Rajasthan. All these tribes suffered great difficulties in protecting their culture and the land. Millions [7] of them were martyred trying to protect their land. Gurjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer areas fighting with the invaders. Bhils once ruled Kota.[7] Meenas were rulers of Bundi and Dhundhar region.[citation needed] Gurjars ruled many dynasties in this part of country.In fact this region was long known as Gurjaratra.[3] Up to the tenth century almost the whole of North India, excepting Bengal, owned supermacy of Gurjars with their seat of power at Kannauj.[8] Gurjar Pratihars acted as barrier for Arab invaders from 6th to 11th century.The chief credit of Gurjar Pratihar empire lies in its succecessful resistance to the foreign invasions from the west, from the days of Junaid. Majumdar says that this was frankly recognised by the Arab writers themselves.He further clears that Historians of India have wondered at the slow progress of Muslim invaders in India, as compared with their rapid advance in other parts of the world.Now there can be little doubt that it was the power of the Gurjara Pratihara army that effectively barred the progress of the Muslims beyond the confines of Sindh, their first conquest for nearly three hundred years.[9] The earlier contributions of warriors and protectors of the land (Vishnoi,Ahirs, Gurjars, Jats, Bhils and Meenas) were neglected and lost in history due to stories of valour shown by certain specific clans in later years graining more prominence over older acts of bravery.[10] Rajasthan means the Land of the Kings. Modern Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana, which comprises mainly the erstwhile Rajput kingdoms as well as two Jat kingdoms and a Muslim kingdom. Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner, Mewar (Udaipur), Alwar and Dhundhar (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput states. The Jats were rulers in Bharatpur and Dholpur. Tonk was ruled by a Muslim Nawab. Rajput families rose to prominence in the 6th century CE. The Rajputs put a very valiant resistance to the Islamic invasions and protected this land with their warfare and chivalry for more than 500 years. They also resisted Mughal incursions into India, but contributed to the slower than anticipated access to the Indian Subcontinent. Later the Mughals, with a technique based on a combination of treachery and skilled warfare were able to set firm a grip on northern India, including Rajasthan. The fighter spirit and valour of Rajputs impressed the Mughals to such an extent that even after defeating the Rajputs, the Mughals held their valour and value in the highest esteem. Mewar led other kingdoms in its resistance to outside rule. Most notably Rana Sanga fought the Battle of Khanua against Babur, the founder of the Mughal empire.

Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu Emperor, also known as Hemu in the History of India was born in the village of Machheri in Alwar District in the year 1501. He had won 22 battles against Afghans, from Punjab to Bengal and had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra and Delhi in 1556,[11] before acceeding to the throne of Delhi and establishing 'Hindu Raj' in North India, albeit for a short duration, from Purana Quila in Delhi. He was killed in the Second Battle of Panipat. Maharana Pratap of Mewar resisted Akbar in the famous Battle of Haldighati and later operated from hilly areas of his kingdom. Bhils were Maharana's main allies during these wars. Most of these attacks were evenly met as the Mughal forces outnumbered Mewar Rajputs in all the wars fought between them. The Haldighati war was fought between 10,000 Mewaris and a 100,000 strong Mughal force (including many Rajputs like Kachwahas from Dhundhar). Over the years the Mughals began to have internal disputes which took their concentration away at times. They also had to fight off Pathan warriors from neighbouring Afghanistan and the newer enemy, the British Empire which consisted of large numbers of natives whilst engaging against various other regional powers such as the Persians. The Mughal Empire eventually weakened to which several groups across their kingdom (including Sikhs) saw opportunities to establish their power whilst the army was fighting somewhere else. The Rajputs saw this as an opportunity to reassert their independence. With the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Rajputana came under attack by the Marathas and Pindaris, and the Maratha general Scindia captured Ajmer. The Rajput kings following a rapid defeat, concluded treaties with the British in the early 19th century, accepting British sovereignty in return for local autonomy. Following the Mughal tradition as well as its strategic location Ajmer became a province of British India, while the autonomous Rajput states, the Muslim state Tonk, and the Jat states (Bharatpur and Dholpur) were organized into the Rajputana Agency. The Marwaris (people from Marwar) and Rajasthan's formerly independent kingdom created a rich architectural and cultural heritage, seen even today in their numerous forts and palaces (Mahals and Havelis) which are enriched by features of Muslim and Jain architecture. The development of the frescos in Rajasthan is linked with the history of the Marwaris, who have also played a crucial role in the economic development of the region. Many wealthy families throughout Indian history have links to Marwar. These families include the legendary Birla, Bhandari, Bajaj, Mittal and Mirza families. Rajasthan is known for its famous stories within its very rich cultural history, one of which is the popular love story of a Rajput Princess, Juhi Saini and her beloved husband Chetan Sharma, who was a warrior ranked very high in the Rajput army and was known for his acts of bravery. He saved Princess Juhi from any harm and problems she encountered during her lifetime and their passionate heart-filled love story became a tale that is still told today to the youths of Rajasthan. Princess Juhi and Warrior Chetan grew old together and were buried in the same spot together in the gardens of Hawa Mahal, Jaipur. Geography The Aravalli Range adds diversity to the landscape of Rajasthan. The Thar Desert The hills around Jaipur. The main geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the Aravalli Range, which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 km. Mount Abu is at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River, although a series of broken ridges continues into Haryana in the direction of Delhi where it can be seen as outcrops in the form of the Raisina Hill and the ridges farther north. About three-fifths of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis, leaving two-fifths on the east and south. The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of the region is covered by the Thar Desert, which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea, as it lies in a direction parallel to that of the coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow. The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the town of Bikaner is the largest city in the desert. The Northwestern thorn scrub forests lie in a band around the Thar Desert, between the desert and the Aravallis. This region receives less than 400 mm of rain in an average year. Temperatures can exceed 45 C in the summer months and drop below freezing in the winter. The Godwar, Marwar, and Shekhawati regions lie in the thorn scrub forest zone, along with the city of Jodhpur. The Luni River and its tributaries are the major river system of Godwar and Marwar regions, draining the western slopes of the Aravallis and emptying southwest into the great Rann of Kutch wetland in neighboring Gujarat. This river is saline in the lower reaches and remains potable only up to Balotara in Barmer district. The Ghaggar River, which originates in Haryana, is an intermittent stream that disappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as a remnant of the primitive Saraswati river. The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak, Acacia, and other trees. The hilly Vagad region lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat. With the exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar region, home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh. The Hadoti region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar is the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital of Jaipur. Mewat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges. The Aravali Range runs across the state from the southwest peak Guru Shikhar (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 m in height, to Khetri in the northeast. This divides the state into 60% in the northwest of the range and 40% in the southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east. The area includes the Thar Desert. The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography. in the south lies the hilly tract of Mewar. In the southeast, a large area within the districts of Kota and Bundi forms a tableland. To the northeast of these districts is a rugged region (badlands) following the line of the Chambal River. Farther north the country levels out; the flat plains of the northeastern Bharatpur district are part of an alluvial basin.

Economy Main article: Economy of Rajasthan Industrial plant near Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Rajasthan's economy is primarily agricultural and pastoral. Wheat and barley are cultivated over large areas, as are pulses, sugarcane, and oilseeds. Cotton and tobacco are the state's cash crops. Rajasthan is among the largest producers of edible oils in India and the second largest producer of oilseeds. Rajasthan is also the biggest wool-producing state in India and the main opium producer and consumer. There are mainly two crop seasons. The water for irrigation comes from wells and tanks. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates northwestern Rajasthan. The main industries are mineral based, agriculture based, and textiles. Rajasthan is the second largest producer of polyester fibre in India. The Bhilwara District produces more cloth than Bhiwandi, Maharashtra and the bhilwara is the largest city in suitings production and export. Several prominent chemical and engineering companies are located in the town of Kota, in southern Rajasthan. Rajasthan is pre-eminent in quarrying and mining in India. The Taj Mahal was built from the white marble which was mined from a town called Makrana. The state is the second largest source of cement in India. It has rich salt deposits at Sambhar, copper mines at Khetri, Jhunjhunu and zinc mines at Dariba, Zawar mines at Zawarmala for zinc, Rampura Aghucha (opencast) near Bhilwara. Dimensional stone mining is also undertaken in Rajasthan. Jodhpur sandstone is mostly used in monuments, important buildings, residential buildings, etc. This stone is termed "chittar patthar". Rajasthan is now the preferred destination for IT companies and North India's largest integrated IT park is located in Jaipur and is named as Mahindra World City Jaipur covering nearly 3,000 acres (12 km2) of land. Some of the companies operating in Rajasthan include Infosys, Genpact, Wipro, Truworth, Deutsche Bank, NEI, MICO, Honda Siel Cars, Coca Cola and Procter & Gamble. Tourism Main article: Tourism in Rajasthan The Umaid Bhawan Palace is one of the largest royal palaces in the world. The Jain temple of Ranakpur. Rajasthan attracted 14% of total foreign visitors during 2009-2010 which is fourth highest in all states of India. It positioned fourth place also in Domestic tourist visitors.[12] Endowed with natural beauty and a great history, tourism is a flourishing industry in Rajasthan. The palaces of Jaipur, lakes of Udaipur, and desert forts of Jodhpur, Bikaner & Jaisalmer rank among the most preferred destinations in India for many tourists both Indian and foreign. Tourism accounts for eight percent of the state's domestic product. Many old and neglected palaces and forts have been converted into heritage hotels. Tourism has increased employment in the hospitality sector. Rajasthan is famous for the majestic forts, intricately carved temples and decorated havelis, which were built by Rajput kings in previous ages, they were the soul of pre-Muslim era Rajasthan. Jantar Mantar, Dilwara Temples, Chittorgarh Fort, Lake Palace, City Palaces, Jaisalmer Havelis are part of the true architectural heritage of India. Jaipur, the Pink City, is noted for the ancient houses made of a type of sand stone dominated by a pink hue. At Ajmer, the white marble Bara-dari on the Anasagar lake is exquisite. Jain Temples dot Rajasthan from north to south and east to west. Dilwara Temples of Mount Abu, Ranakpur Temple dedicated to Lord Adinath near Udaipur, Jain temples in the fort complexes of Chittor, Jaisalmer and Kumbhalgarh, Lodarva Jain temples, Bhandasar Temple of Bikaner are some of the best examples. Rajasthan is often called a shopper's paradise. Rajasthan is famous for textiles, semi-precious stones and handicrafts. The attractive designs of jewellery and clothes are eye-catching and invite shoppers. Rajasthani furniture has intricate carvings and bright colours. Rajasthani handicrafts are in demand due to the intricate work on them. Above all, Rajasthan's shopping appeals to both tourists and people from other parts of India due to its cheap prices for quality goods. Bikaner is famous for its namkeens, Jaipur for its jewellery, Jodhpur for sweets and Jaisalmer for yellow stone. Culture Camel ride in the Thar desert near Jaisalmer. A decorated Indian elephant during a fair in Jaipur, India Rajasthan is culturally rich and has artistic and cultural traditions which reflect the ancient Indian way of life. There is rich and varied folk culture from villages which is often depicted and is symbolic of the state. Highly cultivated classical music and dance with its own distinct style is part of the cultural tradition of Rajasthan. The music is uncomplicated and songs depict day-to-day relationships and chores, more often focused around fetching water from wells or ponds. The Ghoomar dance from Udaipur and Kalbeliya dance of Jaisalmer have gained international recognition. Folk music is a vital part of Rajasthani culture. Kathputali, Bhopa, Chang, Teratali, Ghindar, Kachchhighori, Tejaji etc. are the examples of the traditional Rajasthani culture. Folk songs are commonly ballads which relate heroic deeds and love stories; and religious or devotional songs known as bhajans and banis (often accompanied by musical instruments like dholak, sitar, sarangi etc.) are also sung. Rajasthan is known for its traditional, colorful art. The block prints, tie and dye prints, Bagaru prints, Sanganer prints, and Zari embroidery are major export products from Rajasthan. Handicraft items like wooden furniture and handicrafts, carpets, and blue pottery are some of the things commonly found here. Rajasthan is a shoppers' paradise, with beautiful goods found at low prices. Reflecting the colorful Rajasthani culture, Rajasthani clothes have a lot of mirror-work and embroidery. A Rajasthani traditional dress for females comprises an ankle length skirt and a short top, also known as a lehenga or a chaniya choli. A piece of cloth is used to cover the head, both for protection from heat and maintenance of modesty. Rajasthani dresses are usually designed in bright colours like blue, yellow and orange.

The main religious festivals are Deepawali, Holi, Gangaur, Teej, Gogaji, Shri Devnarayan Jayanti, Makar Sankranti and Janmashtami, as the main religion is Hinduism. Rajasthan's desert festival is celebrated with great zest and zeal. This festival is held once a year during winter. Dressed in brilliantly hued costumes, the people of the desert dance and sing haunting ballads of valor, romance and tragedy. There are fairs with snake charmers, puppeteers, acrobats and folk performers. Camels, of course, play a stellar role in this festival. Administration Government Main article: Government of Rajasthan The current government in Rajasthan is that of Indian National Congress. The current Chief Minister is Ashok Gehlot. Politics Main article: Politics of Rajasthan The Political life of Rajasthan is dominated by two major parties Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and Indian National Congress . Districts Main article: Districts of Rajasthan Rajasthan is divided into 33 districts and seven divisions: Ajmer Division: Ajmer, Bhilwara, Nagaur, Tonk. Bharatpur Division: Bharatpur, Dholpur, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur. Bikaner Division: Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh. Jaipur Division: Jaipur, Alwar, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Dausa. Jodhpur Division: Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jodhpur, Pali, Sirohi. Kota Division: Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Kota. Udaipur Division: Banswara, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Dungarpur, Udaipur, Rajsamand Demographics

Locals performing traditional folk dance in Jaisalmer. Rajasthan has a mainly Rajasthani population. Hindus account for 88.8% of the population.[14] Muslims make up 8.5%, Sikhs 1.4% and Jains 1.2% of the population.[14] The state of Rajasthan is also populated by Sindhis, who came to Rajasthan from Sindh province (now in Pakistan) during the India-Pakistan separation in 1947. The mother tongue of the majority of people in Rajasthan is Rajasthani. Rajasthani and Hindi are the most widely used languages in Rajasthan. Rajasthani is used as a medium of instruction, along with Hindi and English, in some schools. Some other languages used in Rajasthan are Gujarati, Sindhi and Punjabi. See also: List of people from Rajasthan Flora and fauna Chinkara Great Indian Bustard Though a large percentage of the total area is desert, and even though there is little forest cover, Rajasthan has a rich and varied flora and fauna. The natural vegetation is classed as Northern Desert Thorn Forest (Champion 1936). These occur in small clumps scattered in a more or less open forms. Density and size of patches increase from west to east following the increase in rainfall. Some wildlife species, which are fast vanishing in other parts of India, are found in the desert in large numbers such as the Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps), the Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), the Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennettii) and the Indian Wild Ass. The Desert National Park, Jaisalmer, spread over an area of 3162 km, is an excellent example of the ecosystem of the Thar Desert, and its diverse fauna. Great Indian Bustard, Blackbuck, chinkara, desert fox, Bengal fox, wolf, desert cat etc. can be easily seen here. Seashells and massive fossilized tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert. The region is a haven for migratory and resident birds of the desert. One can see many eagles, harriers, falcons, buzzards, kestrel and vultures. Short-toed Eagles (Circaetus gallicus), Tawny Eagles (Aquila rapax), Spotted Eagles (Aquila clanga), Laggar Falcons (Falco jugger) and kestrels are the commonest of these. The Ranthambore National Park located in Sawai Madhopur, is one of the finest Tiger Reserves in the Country which became a part of Project Tiger in 1973. The Sariska Tiger Reserve located in Alwar district, 200 km from Delhi and 107 km from Jaipur covers an area of approximately 800 km2.The area was declared a National Park in 1979. Tal Chhapar Sanctuary is a very small sanctuary in Sujangarh , Churu District, 210 km from Jaipur, in the Shekhawati region. This sanctuary is home to a large population of graceful Blackbuck. Desert Fox and desert cat can also be spotted along with typical avifauna such as partridge and sand grouse. Wildlife Rajasthan is also noted for National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries. There are four national park and wildlife sanctuaries named the Keoladeo National Park of Bharatpur, Sariska Tiger Reserve of Alwar, Ranthambore National Park of Sawai Madhopur, and Desert National Park of Jaisalmer. Ranthambore National Park and Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary both are known worldwide for their tiger population and considered by both wild lovers and photographers as the best places in India to spot tigers.some time before due to poaching and negligence tiger became extinct here, but recently 5 tigers have been shifted here to make them inhabit here. Besides, it houses several small wildlife sanctuaries and eco-tourism parks . Prominent among them are Mount Abu Sanctuary, Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary, Darrah Sanctuary, Jaisamand Sanctuary, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jawahar Sagar sanctuary and Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary. There are a variety of wildlife species in Rajasthan, notably including the apex predator Caracal, Caracal caracal.[15] Transport Rajasthan is connected by many national highways. Most renowned being NH 8, which is India's first 48 lane highway. Rajasthan also has an inter-city surface transport system both in terms of railways and bus network. All chief cities are connected by air, rail and road. By Air: There are three main airports at Rajasthan- Jaipur airport, Udaipur airport and Jodhpur airport. These airports connect Rajasthan with the major cities of India such as Delhi and Mumbai. By Rail: Rajasthan is connected with the main cities of India by rail. Jaipur, Kota, Ajmer, Udaipur and Jodhpur are the principal railway stations in Rajasthan. Kota City is the only Electrified Section served by three Rajdhani Expresses and trains to all cities of India. By Road: Rajasthan is well connected to the main cities of the country like Delhi, Ahmedabad, Indore by State and National Highways and served by Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) & Private operators with various types of buses like Volvo,AC,Delux,Semi Delux normal etc.

Important cities and towns Statistics Population: 56.47 million (2001 Census, estimated at more than 58 million now) Cities and Towns: 222 Major cities: Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Kota, Ajmer, Beawar, Bikaner Bharatpur, Alwar, Dholpur, Churu, Bhilwara, Sri Ganganagar, Pali, Makrana, Bundi, chittorgarh, Didwana, Sujangarh, Nagaur, Sikar, Hanumangarh, Pratapgarh Roads: 1,51,914 km. (8,798 km National Highway) National highways crossing Rajasthan: Delhi-Ahmedabad, Agra-Bikaner, Jaipur-Bhopal, Bhatinda-Kandla and Pali-Ambala. Climate: Generally dry with monsoon during JulyAugust Districts: 33 Languages: English and Hindi commonly used, as well as indigenous Rajasthani languages, brij bhasha also. Literacy: 61.03% List of districts of Rajasthan The Indian state of Rajasthan is divided into 33 districts for administrative purposes. The responsibilities of district management are carried out by a number of All-India officials and a number of state-appointed officials. The All-India officials in each district are a Deputy Commissioner or district Magistrate (from the Indian Administrative Service), a Superintendent of Police (from the Indian Police Service) and a Deputy Conservator of Forests (from the Indian Forest Service), each of which is assisted by officers of various Rajasthan state services. The stateappointed officials are responsible for matters such as health, education, and agriculture in each district. The 33 districts are grouped into seven divisions: District Ajmer Alwar Banswara Baran Barmer Bharatpur Bhilwara Bikaner Bundi Chittorgarh Churu Dausa Dholpur Dungarpur Hanumangarh Jaipur Jaisalmer Jalor Jhalawar Jhunjhunu Jodhpur Karauli Kota Nagaur Pali Pratapgarh[1] Rajsamand Sawai Madhopur Sikar Sirohi Sri Ganganagar Tonk Udaipur Rajasthan Headquarters Ajmer Alwar Banswara Baran Barmer Bharatpur Bhilwara Bikaner Bundi Chittorgarh Churu Dausa Dholpur Dungarpur Hanumangarh Jaipur Jaisalmer Jalore Jhalawar Jhunjhunu Jodhpur Karauli Kota Nagaur Pali Pratapgarh Rajsamand Sawai Madhopur Sikar Sirohi Sri Ganganagar Tonk Udaipur Jaipur Area (km) 8,481 8,380 5,037 6,955 28,387 5,066 10,455 27,244 5,550 10,856 16,830 2,950 3,084 3,770 12,645 14,068 38,401 10,640 6,219 5,928 22,850 5530 12,436 17,718 12,387 4,768 10,527 7,732 5,136 7,984 7,194 17,279 342,239 Population (2001) 2,180,526 2,990,862 1,500,420 1,022,568 1,963,758 2,098,323 2,009,516 1,673,562 961,269 1,802,656 1,922,908 1,316,790 982,815 1,107,037 1,517,390 5,252,388 507,999 1,448,486 1,180,342 1,913,099 2,880,777 1,205,631 1,568,580 2,773,894 1,819,201 986,269 1,116,031 2,287,229 850,756 1,788,487 1,211,343 2,632,210 56,473,122 Division Ajmer Jaipur Udaipur Kota Jodhpur Bharatpur Ajmer Bikaner Kota Udaipur Bikaner Jaipur Bharatpur Udaipur Bikaner Jaipur Jodhpur Jodhpur Kota Jaipur Jodhpur Bharatpur Kota Ajmer Jodhpur Udaipur Udaipur Bharatpur Jaipur Jodhpur Bikaner Ajmer Udaipur 28.33%

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_people Rajasthani people Rajasthani people (Rajasthani: ,Rajasthani Samaj or , Rajasthani lok ) are the native inhabitants of Rajasthan (the land of colours[1]) region of India. They form an ethno-linguistic group which is a result of assimilation of Indo-Aryan, Indo-Scythian, IndoGreeks and Indo-Iranians ancestries. Although Rajasthanis are of several sub ethnic groups, the whole Rajasthani community is known as

marwaris throughout the Indian subcontinent.[2] Their language Rajasthani is a part of the western group of Indo-Aryan languages. Well known Rajasthanis include Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, Lakshmi Mittal, Birla Family etc. Contents:- History/ Linguistic History/ Religion/ Castes and Communities/ Rajasthani Literature/ Dress/ Food/ Art/ Music/ Rajasthani Paintings/ Architecture/ Occupation/ Trade and Business/ Diaspora/ Maharashtra History Main article: History of Rajasthan Maharana Pratap, a ruler and great warrior of his time. A coin of the Indo-Scythian king Azes. Although history of Rajasthan goes back as far as Indus Valley Civilization, the foundation of Rajasthani community took shape with the rise of Western Middle Kingdoms such as Western Kshatrapas. Western Kshatrapas (35-405 BC) were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan). They were successors to the Indo-Scythians who invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era (with Saka calendar), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps kingdom.[3] Saka calendar (also been adopted as Indian national calendar) is used by Rajasthani community and adjoining areas such as Punjab and Haryana. With time their social structures got stronger reorganizations giving birth to several martial sub ethnic groups (previously called as Martial race but now obsolete term). Linguistic History Scholars agree on the fact that during 10th-12th century a common language was spoken in Western Rajasthan and Northern Gujarat. This language was known as Old Gujarati (1100 AD 1500 AD) (also called Old Western Rajasthani, Gujjar Bhakha or Maru-Gurjar or Gurjar Apabhramsha).The language derived its name from the Gurjars (or Gujjars), who were residing and ruling in Punjab, Rajputana, central India and various parts of Gujarat at that time.[4] It is said that Marwari and Gujarati is evolved from this Gurjar Bhakha later.[5] The language was used as a literary language as early as 12th century. Poet Bhoja has referred to Gaurjar Apabhramsha in 1014 AD.[4] Formal grammar of Rajasthani was written by Jain monk and eminent scholar Hemachandra Suri in the reign of Solanki king Siddharaj Jayasinh of Anhilwara (Patan). Rajasthani was recognized by the State Assembly as an official Indian language in 2004. Recognition is still pending from the government of India. [6] Religion Rajasthanis are predominantly Hindu, Muslims and Jains. However, regardless of their religious segments, Muslim, Hindu and Jain Rajasthanis mingle with each other socially. Rajasthani Muslims are predominantly Sunnis. They are mainly Meo, Mirasi, Qaimkhani, Manganiar, Muslim Rangrez, Merat, Sindhi-Sipahi, Rath and Pathans.[7] With the introduction of Islam, many community members converted to Islam either voluntarily or forcibly. However, community Identity persists. They share lot of socio-ritual elements. Rajasthani Muslim communities, after their conversion, continued to follow pre-conversion practices (Rajasthani rituals and customs) which is not the case in other parts of the country. This exhibits the strong cultural identity of Rajasthani people as opposed to religious identity.[8] Most Rajasthani hindus are vaishnavas, however, Durga and her avatars are equally worshiped throughout Rajasthan. Osvls are predominantly Jains but small section of vaishnava Osvls are also found.[9] Jats are mostly hindus and muslims. Meenas of Rajasthan till date strongly follow Vedic culture which usually includes worship of Bhainroon (Shiva) and Krishna as well as the Durga.[10] The Rajputs generally worship the Sun, Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu and Bhavani (Goddess Durga).[11] The Gurjars (Gujars or Gujjars) worship the Sun God, God Devnarayan, Lord Vishnu, Lord Shiva and Goddess Bhavani.[12][13][14] Historically, The Gurjars were Sun-worshipers and are described as devoted to the feet of the Sun-god.[14] Marathi Bhakti movement by Mahanubbavis and Virakaripanthis of Maharashtra had immense influence on the development of Rajasthani Bhakti movement.[15] Meerabai ( ) was an important figure during 'Rajasthani Bhakti movement. Some other religions are also prevalent such as Buddhism, Christianity, Parsi religion etc.[11] Over time, there has been an increase in the number of followers of Sikh religion.[11] Though Buddhism emerged as a major religion during 321-184 BC in Mauryan Empire, it had no influence in Rajasthan for the fact that Mauryan Empire had minimal impact on Rajasthan and its culture. [16] Although, today Jainism is not that prevalent in Rajasthan but historically Rajasthan and Gujarat areas were strong centres of Jainism in India. [17] Castes and Communities Noblemen from Jaipur 1875 Rajasthanis form ethno-linguistic group that is distinct from others in it's language, history, cultural & religious practices, social structure, literature and art. However, there are many different castes & communities, with diversified traditions of their own. Major sub ethnic groups are Jat, Gurjar, Mali, Kalvi, Meena, Bhil, Garasia, Kanjar etc. [11] Gurjars ( , Gujars or Gujjars) are well known people from Rajasthan. Historically, they were rulers and protectors of Gurjaratra (portions of Rajasthan and Gujarat).[18][19] Some scholars believe, Gurjars guarded the entire Northern and Western India against foreign invasion until the end of tenth century and thus came to known as pratiharas (protectors).[20] Praiseful references can be found in Arab chronicles about administration and might of these Gurjars.[21] Rajputs ( , Rjpts) re well known w rrior people of R j sth n. R jputs re considered to be the best soldiers in Indi . [22] Rajputs of Rajasthan (historically called Rjptna ) hold distinctive identity as opposed to rajputs of other regions of country. This identity is usually described as proud Rajput tribes of Rjputna.[23] They traced their lineage from a mythical fire atop Mt Abu, a mountain in Rajasthan, ( Agni Kula or the Fire Family), the sun (Suryavanshi or the Sun Family) and the moon (Chandravanshi or the Moon Family). The Sun Family includes Sisodias of Marwar (Chittaur & Udaipur), Rathores of Jodhpur & Bikaner and Kachwahas of Amber & Jaipur while The Moon family includes Bhattis of Jaisalmer. There is a tradition that in year 747 all Rajput clans were purified by sage Vashishta and admitted to the royal cast of Kshatriya. It is believed that Rajput tribes of Rajasthan were not Indo-Aryans until the purification.[24][25] They are Scythian descent who might have migrated from the Caucasus in Central Asia towards the Indus Valley.[26] Jats are among native tribal group of Rajasthan. They are mostly hindus and muslims. Historically their origin can be traced to tribal groups from the Indo-Scythian period of roughly 200 BC to AD 400. Jangladesh was the name of a region of northern Rajasthan where Jats established their rule.[27] There are few other tribal communities in Rajasthansuch as Meena and Bhils. The Ghoomar dance is one well-known aspect of Bhil tribe. Meena and Bhils were employed as soldiers by Rajputs for their bravery and martial capabilities. Meenas, in ancient times, were ruler of Matsya, i.e., Rajasthan or Matsya Union. However, during colonial rule British government declared them as Criminal Tribe. Rajasthani Brahmins are mostly dadheechs, Shrimalis, Pushkarnas and Gauds. There are a few other colourful folks, groups like those of Gadia Luhar, Banjara, Nat, Kalbelia and Saansi, who criss-cross the countryside with their animals.The Gadia Luhars are said to be once associated with Maharana Pratap.[28] Rajasthani Literature

First mention of Rajasthani literature comes from a well-known work Kuvalayamala, inscribed c. 778 in the town of Jalor in south-eastern Marwar by Jain Muni Udyotan Suri. Muni Udyotan referred it as Maru Bhasha or Maru Vani. Modern Rajasthani literature began with the works of Suryamal Misrama.[29] His most important works are the Vamsa Bhaskara and the Vira satsa. The Vira satsa is a collection of couplets dealing with historical heroes. Two other important poets in this traditional style are Bakhtavara Ji and Kaviraja Muraridana. Apart from academic literature there exists folk literature as well. Folk literature consists of ballads, songs, proverbs, folk tales and panegyrics. The heroic and ethical poetry were the two major components of Rajasthani literature throughout its history. The development of Rajasthani literature from the Dingal language, and virkavya (heroic poetry) took form during the early formation of medieval social and political establishments in Rajasthan. Maharaja Chatur Singh (18791929) was a devotional poet from Mewar. His contributions were poetry style that was essentially a bardic tradition in nature. Another important poet was Hinglajdan Kaviya (18611948). His contributions are largely of the heroic poetry style.[30] Developmental progression and growth of Rajasthani literature cand be divided into 3 stages[31] Historical stages of Rajasthani literature The Early Period 900 to 1400 AD Medival Period 1400 to 1857 AD Modern Period 1857 to present day Culture and Tradition Dress Traditionally men wear dhotis, kurta and paggar or safa (kind of turban headgear). Traditional Chudidar payjama (puckered trousers) frequently replaces dhoti in different regions. Women wear ghagra (long skirt) and kanchli (top). However, dress style changes with lengths and breaths of vast Rajasthan. Dhoti is worn in a different ways in Marwar (Jodhpur area) or Shekhawati (Jaipur area) or Hadoti (Bundi area). Similarly, there are a few differences between paggar and safa despite both being Rajasthanl headgear. Mewar has the tradition of paggar whereas Marwar has the tradition of safa. Traditional Rajasthani Lakh Jewelry Rajasthan is also famous for its amazing ornaments. From ancient times Rajasthani people have been wearing jewelry of various metals and materials. Traditionally women wore Gems-studded gold and silver ornaments. Historically, silver or gold ornaments were used for interior decoration stitched on curtains, seat cushions, handy-crafts etc. Wealthy Rajasthanis used Gems-studded gold and silver on swords, shields, knives, pistols, cannon, doors, thrones etc. which reflects the importance of ornaments in lives of Rajasthanis. [32] Food Rich Rajasthani culture reflects in the tradition of hospitality which is one of its own kind. Rajasthan region varies from arid desert districts to the greener eastern areas. Varying degree of geography has resulted in a rich cuisine involving both vegetarian and non vegetarian dishes. Rajasthani food is characterized by the use of Jowar, Bajri, legumes and lentils, its distinct aroma and flavor achieved by the blending of spices including curry leaves, tamarind, coriander, ginger, garlic, chili, pepper, cinnamon, cloves, cardamom, cumin and rosewater. Major crops of Rajasthan are Jowar, Bajri, Maize, Ragi, Rice, Wheat, Barely, Gram, Tur, pulses, Ground nut, Sesamum etc. Millets, lentils and beans are most basic ingredients in food. The majority of Hindu and Jain Rajasthanis are vegetarian. Rajasthani Jains do not eat after sundown and their food does not contain garlic and onions. Rajputs are usually meat eaters. Historically they ate pork as well as fish. With the introduction of Islam beef eating was also prevalent.[33] Rajasthani cuisines are a whole lot of varieties varying regionally between the arid desert districts and the greener eastern areas. Most famous dish is Dal-Baati-Churma. It is a little bread full of clarified butter roasted over hot coals and served with a dry, flaky sweet made of gram flour, and Ker-Songri made with a desert fruit and beans. Art

Music Rajasthani Music has a diverse collection of musicians. Major schools of music includes Udaipur, Jodhpur and Jaipur. Jaipur is a major Gharanas which is well-known for its reverence for rare ragas. Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana is associated with Alladiya Khan (1855-1943) who was among the great singers of the late 19th and early 20th century. Alladiya Khan was trained both in Dhrupad and Khyal styles, though his ancestors were Dhrupad singers.[34] The most distinguishing feature of Jaipur Gharana is its complex and lilting melodic form. Rajasthani Paintings Colorful tradition of Rajasthani people reflects in art of paintings as well. This painting style is called Maru-Gurjar Painting. It throws light on the royal heritage of ancient Rajasthan. Under the Royal patronage various styles of paintings developed, cultivated and practiced in Rajasthan and reached its pinnacle of glory by 15th to 17th centuries. The major painting styles are phad paintings, miniature paintings, kajali paintings, gemstone paintings etc. There is incredible diversity and imaginative creativity found in Rajasthani paintings. Major schools of art are Mewar, Marwar, Kishangarh, Bundi, Kota, Jaipur and Alwar. Development of Maru-Gurjar Painting[35] Western Indian Painting Style - 700 AD Mewar Jain Painting Style - 1250 AD Blend of Sultanate Maru-Gurjar Painting Style - 1550 AD Mewar, Marwar, Dhundar & Harothi Styles - 1585 AD Phad paintings (Mewar Style of painting) is the most ancient rajasthani art form. Phad paintings, essentially a scroll painting done on cloth, are beautiful specimen of the Indian cloth paintings. These have their own styles and patterns and are very popular due to their vibrant colors and historic themes.The Phad of God Devnarayan is largest among the popular Pars in Rajasthan. The painted area of God Devnarayan Ki Phad is 170 square feet (i.e. 34' x 5').[36] Some other Pars are also prevalent in Rajasthan, but being of recent origin they are not classical in composition.[36] Another famous Par painting is Pabuji Ki Phad. Pabuji Ki Phad is painted on a 15 x 5 ft. canvas.[36] Other famous heroes of Phad paintings are Gogaji, Prithviraj Chauhan, Amar Singh Rathore etc.[37] Architecture The rich tradition of Rajasthanis also reflect in the architecture. Mru-Gurjara Temple Architecture which originated somewhere in sixth century in and around areas of Rajasthan. Mru-Gurjara Architecture show the deep understanding of structures and refined skills of Rajasthani craftmen of bygone era. Mru-Gurjara Architecture has two prominent styles Maha-Maru and Maru-Gurjara. According to M. A. Dhaky, Maha-Maru style developed primarily in Marudesa, Sapadalaksa, Surasena and parts of Uparamala whereas Maru-Gurjara originated in Medapata, Gurjaradesa-Arbuda, Gurjaradesa-Anarta and some areas of Gujarat.[38] Scholars such as George Michell, M.A. Dhaky, Michael W. Meister and U.S. Moorti believe that Mru-Gurjara Temple Architecture is entirely Western Indian architecture and is quite different from the

North Indian Temple architecture.[39] This further shows the cultural and ethnic separation of Rajasthanis from North Indian culture. There is a connecting link between Mru-Gurjara Architecture and Hoysala Temple Architecture. In both of these styles architecture is treated sculpturally.[40] Occupation Agriculture is the main occupation of Rajasthani People in Rajasthan. Major crops of Rajasthan are Jowar, Bajri, Maize, Ragi, Rice, Wheat, Barely, Gram, Tur, pulses, Ground nut, Sesamum etc. Agriculture was the most important element in the economic life of the people of medieval Rajasthan.[41] In early medieval times the land that could be irrigated by one well was called Kashavah that is a land that could be irrigated by one Knsha or leather bucket.[42] Historically there were a whole range of communities in Rajasthan at different stages of economy; from hunting to settled agriculture. The Van Baoria, Tirgar, Kanjar, vagri etc. were traditionally hunters and gatherers. Now only the Van Baoria are hunters while others have shifted to agriculture related occupations.[43] There are a number of artisans such as Lohar and Sikligar. Lohar are blacksmiths while Sikligar do specific work of making and polishing of arms used in war. Now they create tools used for agriculture. Main article: Marwaris Trade and Business Historically, Rajasthani business community (famously called Marwaris, Rajasthani: ) conducted business successfully throughout India and outside of India. Their business was organized around the joint-family system in which the grandfather, father, sons, their sons and other family members or close relatives worked together and shared responsibilities of business work.[44] The success of Rajasthanis in business, that too outside of Rajasthan, is the outcome of feeling of oneness within the community. Rajasthanis tend to help community members and this strengthens the kinship bondage, oneness and trust within community. Another fact is their ability to adapt to the region they migrate. They assimilate with others so well and respect the regional culture, customs and people.[45] It is a rare and most revered quality for any successful businessman. Today they are among the major business classes in India. The term Marwari has come to mean a canny businessman from the State of Rajasthan (and also Gujarat). The Birlas, Goenkas, Bajajs, Ruias, Singhanias, are among the top business groups of India. They are the famous marwaris from Rajasthan.[46] Diaspora The Marwari group of Rajasthanis have a substantial diaspora throughout India, where they have been established as traders. [47] Marwari migration to the rest of India is essentially a movement in search of opportunities for trade and commerce. In most cases Rajasthanis migrate to other places as traders.[48] Maharashtra In Maharashtra (an ancient Maratha Desh) Rajasthanis are mainly merchants and own large to medium size business houses. Maheshwaris are mainly Hindus (some are also Jains) who migrated from Rjputna in olden days. They usually worship all Gods and Goddesses along with their village deities.[49] Marwaris Marwaris (Rajasthani: ) or Rajasthani people are Indo-Aryan ethnic group, that inhabit the Rajasthan region of India. Their language Rajasthani is a part of the western group of Indo-Aryan languages. The development of the fresco paintings on Havelis is linked with the history of the Marwaris. The work examines the early history of the Marwari community its social, religious, cultural and caste identities and its commercial activities in the eastern region of India, mainly its industrial activities and cultural and political contributions. Based on surveys and references to government records, it highlights qualitites of the Marwaris that have helped them achieve success in their pioneering efforts. Contents:- History/ Linguistic History/ The community/ Religion/ Language/ Diaspora/ Demographics/ Marwadis as Business Community of India/ Notable Marwaris History Although history of Rajasthan goes back to as far as Indus Valley Civilization, the foundation of Rajasthani community took shape with the rise of Western Middle Kingdoms such as Western Kshatrapas. Western Kshatrapas (35-405 BC) were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan). They were successors to the Indo-Scythians. The IndoScythians invaded the area of Ujjain and establish the Saka era (with Saka calendar), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps kingdom.[1] Saka calendar is used by Rajasthani community and it has been adopted as Indian national calendar. With time their social structures got stronger reorganizations giving birth to several martial sub ethnic groups (previously called as Martial race but now obsolete term). The several recorded account begins from the time of Mughal empire. Since the time of the Mughal period (16th century-19th centuries), particularly from the time of Akbar (15421605), Marwari entrepreneurs have been moving out of their homeland of Marwar and Rajasthan, and adjoining regions, to different parts of Undivided India. The first waves migration took place during the Mughal period, and a number of Marwari baniyas moved to the eastern parts of India, currently comprising the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Jharkhand; as well as the nation of Bangladesh. During the period of the Nawabs of Bengal, Marwari farmers exhibited their acumen, and controlled the mint and banking. Jagat Seth who controlled the finances of Murshidabad Darbar was an Oswal, one of several sub-groups of Marwaris. The business houses of Gopal Das and Banarasi Das, also Oswal Marwaris, undertook large scale commercial and banking activities.Sarkar Laxmichand Hingarh was a Marwari king who governed few villages of the Gorwar region . Gorwar region's topmost HUF firm, Rikhabdas Sardarmal and Kesarimal Kundanmal was founded and managed by Oswal Marwaris from Rani, Rajasthan and they were pioneers in starting Umbrella in India .Marwaris came force from rajput community like all other people adopted agriculture and trade during mughal and birtish ruled. Several Marwari farmers after permanenet settlement was introduced by the British Raj, acquired large estates, in eastern part of India, particularly in Bengal. They included Dulalachand Singh (alias Dulsing), a Porwal Marwari, who had acquired several Zamindaris around Dhaka, currently the capital of Bangladesh, as also in Bakarganj, Patuakhali, and Comilla, all places currently part of Bangladesh. These Zamindaris were managed and co-owned with khwajas of Dhaka. Dulalchand Singh family also emerged as a business tycoon controlling jute trade. After Indi s First W r of Independence (185758), when social and political disturbances subsided, another wave of large scale migration of Marwaris took place, and during the remaining period of 19th century, a number of Marwari business houses, small and big, had emerged. The Marwari community controlled all the major business ,social activities of a large geographical areas of the eastern parts of the Indian subcontinent. With a sizeable presence in present day Myanmar and Bangladesh, they controlled major trading and commercial activities in the regions currently comprising the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Jharkhand. They also had almost complete control of indigenous banking, finance and hundi. They took the hundi business to areas where the system was unknown, which included Chittagong, Khulna, Naogaon, Mymensingh, and Arakan. They competed successfully in these areas with Chettiars who were located in the region for long. Linguistic History

Rajasthani language is evolved from Old Gujarati (1100 AD 1500 AD) (also called Old Western Rajasthani, Gujjar Bhakha or Maru-Gurjar), language spoken by the Gurjars (Gujjars) in Gujarat and Rajasthan.[2]Formal grammar of Rajasthani language was written by Jain monk and eminent scholar Hemachandra Suri in the reign of Solanki king Siddharaj Jayasinh of Anhilwara (Patan). The community The Marwaris name was given to people of Rajasthan by Kolkata, who migrated for trading and to do business in Kolkata. The term 'Marwari' had a geographical connotation, so there can be a Marwari Farmer, Trader, Rajput, Brahmin, and so on. Traders and farmer of could be found all over the India, they have migrated themselves in search of business. Many people from various Marwari castes migrated to distant states for business, agriculture and later became successful. The term "Marwari" caught on as a way to refer to a businessman from Marwar. This usage is imprecise. Other castes from Rajasthan did not migrate to such an extent, so awareness about them in other states is low. Marwaris comprise the people who originally belonged to Rajasthan, particularly, areas in and around Jaipur,Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Bikaner, Pali, Jalore, Nagaur and certain other adjoining areas. There is a saying in Hindi -"Jahan Naa Pahunche RailGadi,Wahan Pahunche BailGadi, Aur Jahan Naa Pahunche BailGadi Wahan Pahunche Marwari" Religion Marwaris are predominantly Hindu However, regardless of their affiliation, Hindu and Jain Marwaris mingle with each other socially. In some rare cases they share matrimonial relations and traditional rituals together. There are also Marwari Brahmins like dadheechs, Shrimalis, Pushkarnas and Gauds. The Jat's have largest population in Marwar also the Sainik, Kshatriyas, Rajput, Clans of Mandore. Marwar is the second largest population group in Jodhpur, Marwar. The major Mandorva Rajputs Surnames are - Kachwaha, Bhati, Parihar (Pratihara), Deora, Chauhan, Parmar (Panwar), Solanki, Tanwar, Sankhla, Rathore etc. Marwari's Marwar used to be a region of Rajasthan before independence of India, located in the central and western areas of the state and the residents of Marwar region were called Marwaris. The Marwar region includes the central and western parts of Rajasthan. The word Marwar is considered to be derived from Sanskrit word Maruwat, the meaning of maru being 'desert'. Shekhawati region is adjacent to Haryana. Language Dark green indicates Marwari speaking home area in Rajasthan, light green indicates additional dialect areas where speakers identify their language as Marwari. Marwari is a language belonging to the Sanskritic subgroup, of the Indo-Aryan branch, of the Indo-European language family. Marwari, or Marrubhasha, as it is referred to by Marwaris, is the traditional, historical, language of the Marwari ethnicity. The "Marwari" spoken by the marwari merchants,Farmers,social workers of the previous generation was actually the dialect of Shekhawati/Dhundhar region. Large numbers, especially in Rajasthan, still converse fluently in Marwari. Various dialects of the language are found, which vary with the speakers' areas of origin, communities etc. The language is facing extinction. Diaspora Marwari spread to many regions of India, and even to neighboring and all other countries around the globe, as they expanded their business and trade networks. Marwari are higher then baniya from UP,Bihar.Marwari donot adopt varna system.In many locales, Marwari immigrants over time (and, usually involving many generations) adopted, or blended into, the regional culture. For example, in Punjab, Marwaris adopted Punjabi, and in Gujarat, Gujarati. Significant concentrations of Marwari traders live in Kolkata in the Burrabazar area and are leading lights in business there. A large number of Marwaris are also in Mumbai, Bangalore, Pune, Chennai and Hyderabad. Marwaris have founded businesses in neighboring Nepal, especially in Birganj, Biratnagar and Kathmandu. Marwari with their business acumen,farmers have migrated across many different parts of the country, and to other countries of the world. In the eastern part of India, they are found in Kolkata, Cuttack, Asansol, Raniganj, Bankura, Siliguri, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, etc., where Marwaris are among the prominent businessmen. Marwaris extended the reach and influence of their Indian financial and commercial networks from the 17th century through the early 19th century to Persia and Central Asia.[citation needed] Demographics The Marwaris now constitute several social groups dispersed throughout India and Pakistan and across the globe, including many remote areas. The total population worldwide is difficult to measure and subject to secular, linguistic, cultural and other parameters of defining who is a Marwari.Now a days, marwaris have also established their business in the western districts of orissa, in Bargarh district, Sambalpur, Jharsuguda, angul, rourkela,delhi,chennai and in bhubaneshwar and Cuttack also. Marwadi have limited resources in marwad area so the spread their wings in multiple location in India , mostly involving in business of Pawn shops in regions of orissa ,Tamil Nadu etc. . The pawn shop mostly deals with giving money to poor in debts. This network has been the harbinger of micro financing. They have brought in capital and financial systems to remote villages. Marwadis as Business Community of India Marwaris are among the major business classes in India. According to Forbes list 2005 2% of billionaires in the world are Marwaris of rajasthan. Most of the successful channel companies are headed by first-generation entrepreneurs. Almost 90% of the channel in Kolkata comprises Marwari business people. This community is strong in the western region and even down south in places like Chennai. In india, Marwaris contributes a measure sole in IT sector. In some cases, these people were encouraged by their family to get into the IT business. In other cases, people got into the channel business envisioning it to be a great success. Marwaris have all the characteristics what an entrepreneur may possess. They are risk taking people. They are very innovative, creative and broad thinking people. The world's great businessmen like Kumar Mangalam Birla, Laxmi niwas mittal, Shashi ruia & Ravi ruia, Gautam Singhania, Kishor biyani, Vishnuhari Dalmia, Ajay Piramal, Rahul Bajaj, Sunil mittal and many other marwaris are dominating the Business world. Marwari communities lay a lot of onus on family and unity. Major business decisions are often taken after a family, especially elders, into consultation. Marwaris prefer to work with its community people even in business also. They strictly attach with their cultural values and ethics. Marwaris are pure vegetarian people. And this characteristic impacts a lot to their business activity also. Marwaris would like to work with full freedom at work place. They do not prefer to work for a fixed salary and under somebody else's instructions. But today scenario is changing rapidly. They believe working in an environment where more than half their peers belong to own community can be very comfortable and profitable. In Marwari community, finance matters are often done through word of mouth, since there is an underlying belief that these promises will be kept. This can also be a reason why Marwaris like to keep the business within their family. Reason behind marwaris' business approach could be that they are trained early on in life, on the basics of trading. JP Modi of Delhi's Modi Peripherals feels that business is in the very DNA of a Marwari man. "Even if we don't go to any business school or university, we are most likely to excel in business in general. Certain business ethics and values are given to us on a daily basis right from childhood and it all becomes a part of our lives,". Marwaris traditionally come purely from a business background, they are well versed with its various aspects. That can make a difference. Sarad Bawri of Lifeline Enterprises says "We transact business worth crores based merely on word of mouth. So people trust the community as business people, especially as payments are made on time. Our forefathers gained this goodwill and this kind of inherited knowledge helps to a

great extent,". Marwari people have made faith in their customers' mind that Marwari businessman will not be dishonest. Almost the entire Marwari community rate themselves as very honest folk. This is what makes them successful in their chosen business fields. Marwaris are also very aggressive when it comes to business, and don't let go of any prospective opportunity that comes their way. Working hard is another aspect about Marwaris that helps in the long run. People's common perception about Marwaris is that they are very stingy by nature. But the people from the community themselves deny this. They are definitely very strict when it comes to finance in business matters as they believe that every penny saved is a penny earned.[3] Famous "Purta System"(Costing) is invented by Marwaris. This system helps them to ensure profit. Notable Marwaris Marwaris are among the major business classes in India. Marwaris are present almost all over in the world. Marwaris contribute a large account to Indian economy in terms of Business. Rank Name Net Worth (Billion USD) City Company Industry ! 1 Lakshmi Mittal 26.1 London ArcelorMittal Steel 2 Shashi Ruia & Ravi Ruia 15.0 Mumbai Essar Group Conglomerate 3 Kumar Mangalam Birla 8.50 Mumbai Aditya Birla Group Conglomerate 4 Venugopal Dhoot 2.65 Mumbai Videocon Conglomerate 5 Gautam Singhania 1.40 Mumbai Raymond Textiles 6 R. P. Goenka 1.30 Kolkata RPG Group Conglomerate 7 Rakesh Jhunjhunwala 1.10 Mumbai Rare Enterprises Investment 8 Rahul Bajaj 1.10 Pune Bajaj Auto Automobiles 9 Kishore Biyani 0.912 Mumbai Future Group Retail Ranthambore National Park Ranthambore National Park (Rajasthani: ) is one of the largest national parks in northern India. It is situated in Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern Rajasthan, about 180 km from Jaipur, which is also the nearest airport. The nearest town and railway station is at Sawai Madhopur, about 11 km away. Ranthambhore was established as the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955 by the Government of India, and was declared one of the Project Tiger reserves in 1973. Ranthambore became a national park in 1980. In 1984, the adjacent forests were declared the Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary, and in 1991 the tiger reserve was enlarged to include Sawai Man Singh and Keladevi sanctuaries. Ranthambore wildlife sanctuary is known for its tigers and is one of the best places in India to see these majestic predators in the jungle. Tigers can be easily spotted even during the day time. A good time to visit Ranthambore National Park is in November and May when the nature of the dry deciduous forests makes sightings common. Its deciduous forests were once a part of the magnificent jungles of Central India. The park lies at the edge of a plateau, and is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River. There are several lakes in the park. It is named for the historic Ranthambhore fortress, which lies within the national park. The park covers an area of 392 km, and is known for its tiger population, and is one of India's Project Tiger reserves. Other major wild animals include leopard, nilgai, dhole, wild boar, sambar, hyena, sloth bear and chital. It is also home to wide variety of trees, plants, birds and reptiles. Ranthambore is also the site for one of the largest banyan trees in India. Contents:- Wildlife/ The tigers of Ranthambore/ Major Attractions/ How to get there/ General information

Wildlife

3 year-old male named Baccha (Hindi: Child) residing in the reserve. Ranthambore is best known for its large tiger population. As tourism in the park increased, so did the population of neighbouring villages. This led to increasing amounts of fatal human-tiger interactions and poaching. The Indian Government started Project Tiger in 1973 with an allotted area of 60 mi2. It was later expanded to become what is now called, the Ranthambore National Park. Besides tigers, the reserve has thriving bird population with more than 270 different species of birds here.[1] In 2005, there were 26 tigers living in Ranthambore. This was significantly lower than the recorded tiger population of the reserve in 1982, which then stood at 44. According to non-government sources there were 34 adult tigers in the Ranthambore National Park in 2008. More than 14 tiger cubs were also recorded. This was largely attributed to sustained efforts by forest officials to curb poaching. Villagers in the region were being given incentives to stay out of the park and surveillance cameras were also fitted across the reserve. [2] The Indian government also committed US$153 million for the efforts.[2] These efforts have been successful with Ranthambore having enough tigers to participate in the Sariska Tiger Reserve relocation efforts.[3]The first aerial trans-location of the male tiger (Dara) from Ranthambore to Sariska was done using a Mi-17 helicopter on 28 Jun 2008 by Wing Commander Vimal Raj. But unfortunately, this translocated tiger has died on 15th November, 2010. The reasons for its death are not known as of now. The tigers of Ranthambore During the past few years, there has been a decline in tiger population in Ranthambore due to poaching and other reasons. However there were some tigers who succeeded in carrying on their genes even in such circumstances. A tigress known as "Lady of the Lakes" was, at a very young age, separated from her parents due to increase poaching in the area. The young tigress was called Macchli since she had a mark on her body

which resembled a fish. She grew up with great determination for ruling the jungle. She mated with a male who resided just beside her territory and gave birth to three female cubs, one being dubbed 'Macchli - The Junior' in a documentary. Despite Macchli also being the name of her mother, the young cub found herself stuck with the designation. The father of the younger Macchli died early due to an unknown disease, which was confirmed when forest officer Fateh Singh Rathore saw him in Ranthambore. After this, the elder Macchli found the scent of a different male, known as Bumburam, and mated with him. She gave birth to two cubs. Baccha is believed to be her grandson. Major Attractions A panaromic view of Ranthambore NP from Ranthambore Fort. Forests: The Park consists of typical dry deciduous elements with Anogeissus pendula forests - a dominant tree species. However, mix deciduous elements could be seen in the valleys and along water bodies. The Flora of the Park is represented by 539 species of flowering plants. Tigers: The Park is one of the best national parks in the country to spot a tiger. This majestic predator can be spotted ambling or basking under the sun here. Safari Rides: Rides are carried out at two times: 06:30 and 14:30. Each ride lasts for about 3 hours. There are two options of vehicles for the safari : 20 seater open top canter or 6 seater open top gypsy. Each ride costs around Rs400-500 per person. The core park area has been divided into several zones and the safari vehicles go on one of those zones. Since there is a good chance of not sighting a tiger in one outing, people usually take more than one ride. There are a lot of quality resorts on the way from Sawai Madhopur to the national park. Ranthambore Fort: The majestic fort, built in 10th-century, towers over the entire park area. It stands at a height of 700 feet above the surrounding plain. Inside the fort, there are three red Karauli stone temples devoted to Ganesh, Shiva and Ramlalaji. The temples were constructed in 12th and 13th centuries. Padam Talao: This is the largest of the all the lakes located inside the park, and the beautiful red sandstone Jogi Mahal is located at the very edge of this lake. A gigantic banyan tree, considered to be Indi s second l rgest, is ne r the l ke. How to get there By Air : Jaipur at 180 km is the nearest airport from Ranthambore wildlife sanctuary. By Rail : Ranthambore National Park is around 11 km away from Sawai Madhopur railway station, that lies on the Delhi to Mumbai trunk route. This is by far the best way of reaching the place from Delhi or Jaipur. By Road : A good network of buses connect Sawai Madhopur, the nearest town from Ranthambore to all the major cities within the state of Rajasthan. The frequency of direct services though is not very great. Mostly you have to first take a bus to either Tonk or Dausa. General information Aravali Range inside Ranthambhore, Rajasthan.

National Park area: 275 km core area. 392 km including buffer zone. Tiger Reserve area: 1334 km Altitude: 215 to 505 meters above sea level Closest airport is Jaipur at 180 km Terrain: Dense tropical dry forest, open bushland and rocky terrain interspersed with lakes and streams Ecoregion: Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests Best Season: From November to March Closed: Monsoon season (July - August)

Sariska Tiger Reserve The Sariska Tiger Reserve is a national park in India located in the Alwar district of the state of Rajasthan. The topography of Sariska supports scrub-thorn arid forests, dry deciduous forests, rocks and grasses. This area was a hunting preserve of the erstwhile Alwar state and it was declared a wildlife reserve in 1955. In 1978, it was given the status of a tiger reserve making it a part of India's Project Tiger scheme. The present area of the park is 866 km. The park is situated 107 km from Jaipur and 200 km from Delhi.[1] The area of Sariska, being a part of the Aravalli Range, is rich in mineral resources, e.g. copper. In spite of the Supreme Court's 1991 ban on mining in the area, marble mining continues to threat the environment.[2] Some of the wildlife found in the Sariska Tiger Reserve include the Bengal tiger, leopard, jungle cat, caracal, striped hyena, golden jackal, chital, sambhar, nilgai, chinkara, four-horned antelope 'chousingha' (extinct)[3], wild boar, hare, hanuman langur, Rhesus monkeys, and plenty of bird species and reptiles. Birds include Peafowl, Grey Partridge, Bush Quail, Sand Grouse, Tree Pie, Golden backed Wood Pecker, Crested Serpent Eagle and the Great Indian Horned Owl.

The dominant tree in the forests is dhok (Anogeissus pendula). Other trees are e.g. salar (Boswellia serrata), kadaya (Sterculia urens), dhak (Butea monosperma), gol (Lannea coromandelica), ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) and khair (Acacia catechu). Bargad (Ficus benghalensis), arjun (Terminalia arjuna), gugal (Commiphora wightii) or bamboo can also be met at some places. Shubs are numerous, such as kair (Capparis decidua), adusta (Adhatoda vesica) and jhar ber (Ziziphus nummularia). Contents:- Historical places/ Tiger population/ Relocation efforts/ General information Historical places An image of the Sariska Palace within Tiger Reserve. The reserve is also the location of several sites of historical importance such as the 17th-century Kankwadi fort, originally built by Jai Singh II, is located near the centre of the park. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb briefly imprisoned there his brother Dara Shikoh in the struggle for succession of the throne. Pandupol in the hills in the centre of the reserve is believed to be one of the retreats of Pandava. Hanuman temple in Pandupol is a favourite pilgrimage site which is the source of problems to wildlife especially due to heavy traffic. Nilkanth temples were built by Bargujars. Neelkanth or Rajor Garh was the capital of Bargujars. Tal Briksh to the north is special by its warm water spring. Bhartrihari, not far from the Sariska village, is crowded by pilgrims. The ruler of Ujjain, Raja Bhartrihari meditated at this place. The area also has buildings associated with the kings of Alwar such as the Sariska Palace, which was used as a royal hunting lodge of Maharaja Jai Singh. Tiger population In 2004, there were strong and persistent reports that no tigers were being sighted in Sariska Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan. It was not only that tigers were not being seen but lso nd more l rmingly, there were no indirect evidence of tigers presence (such s pugmarks, scratch marks on trees etc.) being found. The Rajasthan Forest Department took the stand that "the tigers had temporarily migrated outside the reserve and would be back after the rains". The Project Tiger, now National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), backed this assumption. There were some 15 tigers in the last years before. In January 2005, journalist Jay Mazoomdaar broke the news [4] that there were no tigers left in Sariska. Soon the Rajasthan Forest Department and the Project Tiger Directorate declared an "emergency tiger census" in Sariska and the Central Bureau of Investigation, India's premier intelligence agency, conducted a probe. After a two month exercise they finally declared that Sariska indeed did not have any tigers left. Poaching was blamed to be one of the major reasons for the disappearance of tiger. [5] Deer in Sariska Reserve. Relocation efforts Road to Sariska Palace, Sariska. In 2005, the Government of Rajasthan in co-operation with the Government of India and Wildlife Institute of India (WII) planned the reintroduction of tiger to Sariska and also the relocation of villages. [6] Some plans to construct by-pass roads were also there.[7] However, it took several years to take a more concrete steps. It was decided to move one male and two female tigers from Ranthambore National Park.[8] The Rajasthan forest officials rushed to fly two tigers from Ranthambhore in JuneJuly 2008 ignoring recommendations of the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and the Tiger Task Force. The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) along with the Government of Rajasthan started tracking the relocated tigers with the help of ISRO's reconnaissance satellites.[9] The first aerial translocation of the male tiger (Dara) from Ranthambhore to Sariska was done on 28 June 2008 and when the relocated tiger made its first kill in the enclosure there was a hope that tigers may adapt to the new environment in Sariska Reserve.[10] Only two of the four villages experts had said needed to be relocated were actually moved, though the second, Kankwari [11], was shifted long after the tigers were re-introduced. The first relocated village was Bhagani. Also, the diversion of roads crossing the reserve, an issue critical to the survival of its wildlife, continues to be a problem. [12] One more tigress was shifted to Sariska from Ranthambhore in February 2009 [13]. Thus, the reserve had one tiger and two tigresses. On 28 July 2010, another tigress was brought here from Ranthambhore National Park. Thus, altogether five tigers two males and three females were dwelling in the reserve till November 2010 when the first relocated tiger died. [14] Unfortunately, it is almost certain that the first three of the five so far relocated tigers came from one father. Moreover, the first two tigresses have the same mother.[15] The breeding of close relatives leads to inbreeding. General information Water body within the Sariska Reserve, Rajasthan.

Area: 866 km total (497 km core, 369 km buffer) Altitude: Between 300 m and 722 m MSL Rainfall: Average 650 mm (per year) Forest Types: Tropical Dry Deciduous and Tropical Thorn

Kathputli (Puppet) Kathputli is a string puppet theatre, native to Rajasthan, India, and is the most popular form of Indian puppetry.[1] Being a string marionette, it is controlled by a single string that passes from the top of the puppet over the puppeteers.

Contents:- Etymology/ History/ Overview/ Benefits of Kathputli Puppetry as a learning medium for kids Etymology Kathputli is a join of two rajasthani language words Kath meaning wood and Putli meaning puppet. Kathputli means a puppet which is made entirely from wood. However it is made out of wood, cotton cloth and metal wire. History A Kathputli show in Mandawa, Rajasthan Some scholars believe Kathputli art tradition is more than thousands years old. [2] One finds its reference in Rajasthani folk tales, ballads and sometimes even in folk songs. The tribes of Rajasthan have been performing this art from the ancient times and it has become an eternal part of Rajasthani culture and tradition. No village fair, no religious festival and no social gathering in Rajasthan can be complete without the Kathputlis. It is believed that somewhere 1500 years ago, tribal Rajasthani Bhat community started the use of Kathputli as string marionette art and it is in their love for tradition that art of Kathputli survived the test of time. Tradition of Kathputli is based on folk tales and stories. Scholars believe that folk tales convey the lifestyle of ancient Rajasthani tribal people and Kathputli art might have originated from present day Nagaur and surrounding areas.[3] Rajasthani Kings and nobles were patrons of Art and Craft and they encouraged the craftsmen in activities ranging from wood and marble carving to weaving, pottery and painting. Over the last 500 years, Kathputli was a system of patronage supported by kings and well-off f milies. The p trons would look fter the rtists in return for the rtists singing pr ises of the p trons ncestors. B hat community claim that their ancestors had performed for royal families, and received great honour and prestige from the rulers of Rajasthan. [4] Today Kathputli art is one of the most popular performing arts of Rajasthan after Ghoomar. Organisations like Rupayan Sansthan in Jodhpur founded by Vijaydan Detha and Komal Kothari in 1960 and Bharatiya Lok Kala Mandal, Udaipur, founded by Devilal Samar in 1952, are working in the field preserving and promoting the art of Kathputli, the latter even has a puppet theater as well as puppet museum.[5] Capital New Delhi also has an area known as 'Kathputli Colony', in Shadipur Depot, where puppeteers, magicians, acrobats, dancers and musicians and other itinerant performance groups have settled since half a century. [6][7][8] Overview Characteristic to this form are the shrill voices produced by the lead puppeteer which are spoken through a bamboo reed. The art of Rajasthani puppetry (also called Kathputli) originated a thousand years ago when the Bhat community began to practice this art. Patronised by many ruling families in the state, it soon grew into a major art form of the region. Due to the invasion of Rajasthan by the Mughals, Kathputli gradually lost its importance. It has been one of the oldest forms of entertainment. Historically, these puppets were not only a source of entertainment, but also provided moral and social education. The shows tackled problems like the dowry system, women's empowerment, illiteracy, poverty, unemployment, and cleanliness. These puppet shows made people aware of the social problems that everybody was facing and also showed ways of solving them. Benefits of Kathputli Puppetry as a learning medium for kids

It provides children opportunity for verbal expression. It helps in developing creative temperament. It encourages and develops team work capabilities in children. It can be used to develop relevant voice modulation. It help in developing emotional behavior.

Districts Rajasthan is divided into 33 districts and seven divisions Ajmer district Contents: - Ajmer Geography/ Cities and towns in Ajmer district/ Ajmer District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Ajmer is the district headquarters. Ajmer District has an area of 8,481 km, and a population of 2,180,526 (2001 census),Three main groups are; Hindu 1,869,044, Muslim 244,341, Jains 47,812. The district is situated in the center of Rajasthan, and is bounded by Nagaur District to the north, Jaipur and Tonk districts to the east, Bhilwara District to the south, and Pali District to the west.

Ajmer Geography

The eastern portion of the district is generally flat, broken only by gentle undulations, but the western parts, from north-west to south-west, are intersected by the great Aravalli Range. Many of the valleys in this region are sandy deserts, part of India's Thar Desert, with an occasional oasis of cultivation, but there are also some very fertile tracts; among these is the plain on which lies the town of Ajmer. This valley, however, is not only fortunate in possessing a noble artificial lake, but is protected by the massive walls of the Nagpathar range or Serpent rock, which forms a barrier against the sand. The only hills in the district are the Aravalli Range and its offshoots. Ajmer is almost totally devoid of rivers, the Banas being the only stream which can be dignified with that name, and it only touches the south-eastern boundary of the district so as to irrigate the pargana of Samur. Four small streamsthe Sagarmati, Saraswati, Khari and Daialso intersect the district. In the dry weather they are little more than brooks. The district is divided into four subdivisions, Ajmer, Beawar, Kekri and Kishangarh, and further subdivided into six tehsils, Ajmer, Beawar, Nasirabad, India, Kekri, Kishangarh. Cities and towns in Ajmer district

Ajmer Beawar Kekri Kiranipura Kishangarh Nasirabad Pushkar Sarwar Vijainagar Beawar Beawar (Hindi: [b j r ) is a city in the Rajasthan state of India. It is located 190 kilometres (118 mi) southwest of the state capital Jaipur, and situated amidst the Aravali hills. It is an important centre of trade, especially in raw cotton, and has cotton presses and the Krishna cotton mills. It is the second largest centre of the wool trade and the second largest producer of carpet-grade woollen yarn in India. It also has a food processing industry. Other industries include masala, mineral based units, machine based units, machine tools and accessories, pre-stressed concrete pipes, plastic products, textiles, wooden furniture and asbestos cement pipes. It is the largest producer of cement in northern India and home to Shree cement. It is also mineral rich and has reserves of feldspar, quartz, asbestos, soapstone, magnesite, calcite, limestone, mica, emerald, granite, and masonry stone. Fairly good reserves of barytes, fluorite, wolastonite and vermiculite have also been found. The nearest airport is in Jaipur, at a distance of 190 km. Contents

History

1 History 2 Places Of interest 3 Beawar City 4 Education 5 Culture 6 Geography 7 Demographics 8 Church 9 References 10 External links

Beawar [ ] was founded by Colonel Dixon in 1835. Beawar was a part of British India, the administrative headquarters of Merwara district. It was founded as a treaty between the Mewars and the British people. Beawar is situated at a strategic location in Rajasthan, India. The city was founded in 1836 as a military cantonment, between the royal states of Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Udaipur. It was named after a local village called Beawar Khas.It is a subdivisional headquarters where all the Government Offices of District administration are located. It is the birth-place of international classic mathematician DMY Sommerville. In history only two mathematicians came from Rajasthan, one is Jagannatha_Samrat from Jaipur & DMY is the second from Beawar. Places Of interest

Desert CircleSankat Mochan Hanumaan Sankat Mochan Hanumaan Temple evening-time, Beawar Beawar Temple noon-time, Beawar Beawar City Inner Beawar City: The inner city of Beawar has parallel roads and offers rich history of the city.

Outer Beawar City The outer area of Beawar is a developing area. Residential expansion is taking place on Ajmer road, Sendra Road and Delwara road. New shopping complexes outside Chand gate and various hotels have also opened. The outer city also has a bus stand, railway station, church, SD college and cinema halls Jaimandir and Rupbani. Hotels in Beawar Most of the hotels are centred around the bus stand and railway station, but as travelling patterns change, others are developing on the roads leading into town. www.beawarhistory.com Vasudeo Mangal, Geetakunj Ph 91 1462 252597 Education Beawar has six CBSE affiliated schools, namely

Culture

St Paul's Sr.Sec. School (Convent), Sardar Vallabh Bai Patel school(State Government), Central Academy (Sree Cement), Kendriya Vidhyalaya (Central Government), B L Gothi School (Recently affiliated), Vivekanand International College (affiliated to AAIDU Allahabad), Aaryabhatta Academy (Recently affiliated), and Mangal Newton School (Recently affiliated).

Baba Ramdev ji Beawar Fair is known by tourists.[citation needed] Locals of Beawar gather to celebrate Baadshah, which means "King". The Baadshah travels across the town to reach the Mayor's office, spraying color all over the town celebrate the festival of colors Holi. It is celebrated in memory of the one-day king "Agarwal". "Baadshah" is decorated with traditional style and goes up to the magistrate office where it plays and gives its resolutions for the public. In front of it, another person, "Beerbal", dances in his special style on this auspicious occasion. On the day of "Baadshah", there are performances by localized people in "Teliwara" as well as near the Suraj Pol gate. Geography Beawar is located at 26.1 N 74.32 E. It has an average elevation of 439 metres (1440 feet). For better and clear viewing of old urban area map click on this link Demographics As of 2001 India census, Beawar had a population of 223,701. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Beawar has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 58% of the males and 42% of females literate[citation needed]. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Beawar has several temples such as Neel Kanth Mahadev dedicated to Lord Shiva, Ganesh Temple , or Badarbattu Ka Mandir, near Arvind Kirana Store Outside Suraj Pol Gate, and the Balaji Maharaj (Hanuman) at Sree Cement. Church

Kekri

Shoolbread Memorial C. N. I. Church of Beawar Rajasthan ( It is the First Church of Rajasthan at Beawar.) Infant Jesus Church in the St. Paul's Sr. Sec. School

Kekri is a city and a municipality in Ajmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography

Kekri is located at 2558N 7509E / 25.97N 75.15E[1]. Earlier this city was known as kanakawati Nagari, named on the Name of princess kanakawati, but now it is known as Kekri. It is mainly an industrial area having an Agricultural mandi, Oil Meels and some Other industries. Theare are so many tamples like Charbhuja Mandil, Bijasan mata mandir, Jain mandir, Laxminatji mandir, Shiv mandir, Kekradheesh mandir etc. The main source of water supply is Bisalpur Dam. It is centrally situated among Rajsthan's major cities Ajmer, Jaipur, Kota, Bhilwara and Tonk.. There is Govt. sr. sec. school (separate for boys and girls), Govt. College, Alok Science College, Gurukul Commerce and Art Collage, ITI. BEd. and lots of other English and Hindi medium schools. There are meany other institutes also for computers and other

courses. There is one health care center or Govt. Hospital and other private nursing homes are also nearly located to it. Kekri 80KM from Ajmer and 130KM from Jaipur. Demographics As of 2001 Kekri had a population of 34,129. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kekri has an average literacy rate of %, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 51%. In Kekri, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. 'now coming soon IT Hub at kekri There are 10 mobile network - BSNL, Airtel, Vodafone, Idea, Reliance, Tata Indicom, Tata Docomo, MTS India, Cheers, and Aircel. Kir nipur Kiranipura is a census town in Ajmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001 India census[1], Kiranipura had a population of 4941. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Kiranipura has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 66%. In Kiranipura, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Contents: - Princely history/ Demographics/ Kishangarh Painting/ Bani Than Kishangarh Kishangarh ( in Hindi) is a city and a municipality in Ajmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It lies 18 miles north-west of Ajmer. It is well connected via Indian Railways and National Highway #8. It is the birth place of the Kishangarh style of painting, which is known for the beautiful depiction of a courtesan known as Bani Thani. In recent years, Kishangarh has come to be known as the marble city of India. It is purported to be the only place in the world with a temple of nine planets. Princely history Kishangarh was founded by the Jodhpur prince Kishan Singh in 1609 by Kishan Singh. Princely flag of Kishangarh Coat of Arms (1893) Kishangarh was the capital of the eponymous princely state during the British Raj, which was located in the Rajputana agency. It had an area of 2210 km (858 miles) and a population in 1901 of 90,970. This figure for population represented a decrease of 27% over the census figure of 1891, something presumably attributable to the famine of 1899-1900. The state enjoyed an estimated revenue of Rs.34,000/- and paid no tribute to the British Raj. In 1840, Prithvi Singh, became the 15th Maharaja of Kishangarh, and reigned till his death in 1879, after which he was succeeded by his son, Sardul Singh [1].The famous kishangarh fort was captured by Pakistani troops during the 1965 war and the Pakistani flag was hoisted on the fort. Major Daulat Singh ji from Sardar Singh ji ki Dhani was Prime Misnister of Shahpura State, later on he was Jagir Commissioner in Govt of Rajasthan, He has served Rajasthan State as distinguished bureocrate, later on he was honoured having accorded with the Managing Director The bank of Rajasthan Ltd. Prithvi Singh (r.1840-1879), 15th Maharaja of Kishangarh, early 1870s. The state was founded in the early 17th century by Kishan Singh, a younger son of the raja of Jodhpur, during the reign of Akbar (r.15561605)[1]. He was a courtier of the Mughals, and was rewarded for services rendered to the emperor Akbar. In 1818, Kishangarh first came into direct relations with the British by entering into a treaty, in common its neighbouring states, for the suppression of the Pindari marauders by whom the country was at that time overrun. The chief, who held the title of Maharaja, was a Rajput of the Rathor clan. Maharaja Madan Singh ascended the throne in 1900 at the age of sixteen, at a time when the state was reeling from the impact of a devastating drought. The administration under him and his diwan was widely deemed worthy of approbation; irrigation from tanks and wells was extended and factories for ginning and pressing cotton were started. A social reform movement for discouraging excessive expenditure on marriages made remarkable impact during his reign. The present maharaja (sic) is Brijraj Singhji. The town of Kishangarh has a beautiful palace-hotel known as PhoolMahal. The city also has a large pond known as the Gond Talav. There are many picnic and religious places situated at the banks of Gond Talav such as Mukham Vilas and Bhairu Ghat. The city also have a small temple of nine planets known as NavGrah. The Kishangarh Fort is being surrounded by canal that was built by Kishan Singh. Demographics

As of 2001 India census[2], Kishangarh had a population of 116,156. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kishangarh has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 52%. In Kishangarh, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kishangarh Painting Kishangarh Painting [3]. emerged as a distinctive style in the middle of 18th century under the patronage of Maharaja Sawant Singh. Nihal Chand, a gifted artist in the Maharaja's court, produced some highly individualistic Radha and sophisticated works. The chief characteristics of the Kishengarh paintings were the elongation of human faces, lavish use of green and depiction of panoramic landscapes. Portrayal of Radha and Krishna in elongated faces is a common subject of Kishangarh paintings. The elongated neck, the long stylised eyes with drooping eyelids, the thin lips and pointed chin of Radha standing in a graceful pose with her head covered with a muslin odhni, is undoubtedly the most striking creation of the Kishangarh school. This style continued into the 19th century and a series of paintings of the Gita Govinda were produced in 1820. Bani Thani The most famous Kishangarh painting is called Bani Thani. [4] The Indian government has engraved it on one of it's postal stamps. The Bani Thani style of painting got its name from a story with a twist of romance to it. In the Kishangarh court during the 18th century there ruled a poetking called Raja Samant Singh (16991764) who h d eyes only for B ni Th ni, court singer nd poet. B ni Th nis eyes were wh t drew S m nt Singh to her, nd so did her singing. Seeing B ni Th ni singing in his court e ch d y helped the kings he rt grow fon der. Now Samant Singh wrote poetry under the name of Nagari Das, and since Bani Thani was a poet in her own right too, love was not far behind. Nasirabad Contents:- History/ Demographics/ Overview/ Education/ Transportation Nasirabad (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is cantonment town in Ajmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.

History The name is based on a famous English officer (Sir David Ochterlony), who was honoured with the name "NASIR-UD-DAULA" (the Defender of the State), by Mughal Badshah Shah Alam II. The city is known for its Army population. Many soldiers and officers are posted here every year. Also, this is the second station in Rajputana, after Beawer, where missionary work started in 1860's during the epidemic of Plague. Demographics As of 2001 India census[1], Nasirabad had a population of 49,111. Males constitute 58% of the population and females 42%. Nasirabad has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 64%. In Nasirabad, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.It is surrounded by the Aravali ranges. Overview This city has a significance for the Indian Army. Nasirabad Cantonment has one of the biggest firing range in India. The army has almost surrounded this town. As far as the security is concerned this is one of the safest place available in Rajasthan due to the presence of the Indian Army. The way this city has grown is awesome. People from different states of India have been interacting with the local population. THe Indian army again plays an important role in this activity. This is one of the most famous place in Rajasthan where the 1857 revolt erupted. This was the place which represented Rajasthan in this mutiny. The city is surrounded with Ajmer, Beawer, and Kishangarh. The GAIL has made this an important place. The largest Gas Plant in Asia is situated in Dilwara, Nasirabad. With the development of this Gas Plant ample of opportunities have raised. Transportation system is a vital player in this as the transportation of Gas and Petroleum products is a necessary activity with this. Nasirabad is a charming, little town where you will still find horse-drawn carts, home-based oil-pressers, and small-time jewellers catering to the neighbouring villages. There is a famous eatable known as Kachora, available. This is a round shaped fried chapati with an abnormal size. A Kachora normally weighs 500 to 600 grams. This is full of spices and is one of the most famous mouth watering eatable. The Halwai or the one who prepares these Kachoras is Chawanni Lal Halwai. Kachora is widely appreciated as a morning snack and people come from far-off places to eat it. Smt. Krishna Kumari is a lady who was awarded by Prime Minister of that time Shri Chandra Shekhar in the year 1991 for her best services in Guide. Param Vir Chakra Abdul Hamid was under training as a soldier when our war broke out with Pakistan in 1965. He was sent to the front and destroyed USA's Patton Tanks numbering 8-10 single handed and died setting an example of etreme bravery. Another high point of Nasirabad Cantt is that former Prime Minsiter Zulfikar Ali Bhotto was first commissioned in the army. Lastly tbe Band of Grenadiers Regimental Centre is sent to Delhi in ceremonial parades. Education Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan has achieved highest ratio of passed students for last decades for tenth & twelfth standard board Examinations. Other CBSE schools are: Army School, St. Johns, Ravindra Public Secondary School, etc.

Transportation Nasirabad Cantonment is well connected with railways (Broad Gauge of Indian Railways) and also connected with Golden Quadrilateral of Delhi - Mumbai route. Closest Airport is Sanganer Airport, Jaipur which is around 135km from the city. Nasirabad has largest number of trailer owners in India. Pushkar Pushkar (Hindi: ) is a town in the Ajmer district in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is situated at 14 km North West from Ajmer at an average elevation of 510 metres (1673 feet), and is one of the five sacred dhams (pilgrimage sites for devout Hindus). It is often called "Tirth Raj" - the king of pilgrimage sites - and has in recent years become a popular destination for foreign tourists. Pushkar is one of the oldest cities of India. Pushkar lies on the shore of Pushkar Lake. The date of its actual origin is not known, but legend associates Lord Brahma with its creation. It is mentioned that Brahma performed penance here for 60,000 years to have a glimpse of Vishnu. Pushkar has many temples. Most of the temples are not very old, since many were destroyed during Muslim conquests in the area.[citation needed] Subsequently, the destroyed temples were re-built. The most famous among all is the Brahma Temple built during the 14th century AD. Very few temples to Lord Brahma exist anywhere in the world. Other temples of Brahma include Bithoor in Uttar Pradesh, India; village Asotra near Balotra city of Barmer district in Rajasthan; Mother Temple of Besakih in Bali, Indonesia; and Prambanan in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Pushkar lake has 52 ghats where pilgrims descend to the lake to bathe in the sacred waters. Pushkar is also famous for its annual Pushkar Camel Fair. The natural environment of Pushkar and the sacred lake has become increasingly degraded in the last few decades. The problems stem mainly from over-development of tourist facilities and the deforestation of the surrounding area. [1]

Contents: - Etymology/ History/ Places to see/ Pushkar Fair/ Camel Safari in Pushkar/ Other Attractions/ Demographics/ Transport/ Air/ Road/ Rail Etymology Pushkar seen from Saraswati temple Deity inside the Brahma temple at Pushkar, Rajasthan Pushkar in Sanskrit means blue lotus flower.[2] Hindus believe that the gods released a swan with a lotus in its beak and let it fall on earth where Brahma would perform a grand yagna. The place where the lotus fell was called Pushkar. History Pushkar is one of the oldest cities of India. The date of its actual founding is not known, but legend associates Lord Brahma with its creation. It is mentioned that Brahma performed penance here for 60,000 years to have glimpse of Radha Krishna. According to legend, Brahma was in search of a place for Mahayagna and he found this place suitable.After a long time, Brahma came to known that a demon, Vajranash, was killing people here so the Lord intoned a mantra on a lotus flower and killed the demon.During this process the parts of flower fell on three places which were later known as Jyaistha, Madhya and Kanistha Pushkar. After this Brahma performed a yagna to protect this place from demons.The consort of Brahma, Saraswathi, were needed to offer Ahuti for the yagna but she was not there that time so Gayatri, a Gurjar girl, was married to brahma and performned yagna.This act made first wife of Brahma, Saraswathi, angry and she curshed Brahma saying that he would be worshiped in Pushkar only. [3] From that day the priests in Pushkar temple are from Gurjar community.[4] The Ramayan mentions Pushkar and says that Vishvamitra performed tapa here. It further says that the Apsara Menaka came to Pushkara to bathe in its sacred waters. The Mahabharata says that while laying down a programme for Maharaja Yudhishtharas tr vel, M h r j fter entering the Jungles of Sind and crossing the small rivers on the way should bathe in Pushkara". And, as per Vaman Purana, Prahlada on his pilgrimage to holy places visited Pushkarayana. A Gurjara Pratihara (Gurjar) ruler of Mandore, Nahadarava, restored this tirtha in the seventh century. He got the place cleared and the lake restored by making an embankment on the side of the river Luni. He rebuilt old palaces and built twelve dharmashalas (resting places) and ghats on three sides of the lake. According to Rajputana Gazetteer Pushkar was held by Chechi Gurjars (Gujjars) till about 700 years ago.Later Some shrines were occupied by Kanphati Jogis.[5] There are still priests from Gujar community in Pushkar temple, known as Bhopas.[6] The sage Parasara is said to have been born here. His descendants, called Parasara Brahamanas, are found in Pushkar and the surrounding area. The famous temple of Jeenmata has been cared for by Parasara Brahmans for the last 1,000 years. Pushkarana Brahamanas may also have originated here.

It is also the venue of the annual Pushkar Camel Fair. In 1901, the town was part of the Rajputana Agency had a population of 3,831.[7] Places to see The Pushkar Lake The Brahma temple at Pushkar

The Sri Sawai Bhoj Temple Jagat Pita Shri Brahma temple Varaha temple Apteshwar Mahadev temple Savitri temple Temple of Rangji (New and Old) or Shri Vaikunthnathji Man Mahal Gurudwara Singh Sabha (Patrons: Jaswinder Singh & Harmeet Bhatti) Varah Temple. This temple is to God Vishnu. It is one of the most visited temples in Pushkar city. It is said that Lord Vishnu gave a visit to this area to kill an atrocious demon Hirnayaksha.

[8]

Fairs

Nagaur Fair Pushkar Fair Tejaji fair

Pushkar Fair Pushkar fair continues for five days and these five days are a period of relaxation and merry-making for the villagers. This fair time is the most busy time for them, as this is one of the largest cattle fairs in the country. Animals, including over 50,000 camels, are brought from miles around to be traded and sold.[9] Trading is brisk as several thousand heads of cattle exchange hands. All the camels are cleaned, washed, adorned, some are interestingly shorn to form patterns, and special stalls are set up selling finery and jewelery for the camels. Camels at the Pushkar fair are decorated with great care. They wear jewelery of silver and beads. There are silver bells and bangles around their ankles that jangle when they walk. An interesting ritual is the piercing of a camel's nose. It has more than 400 temples including the only one temple in India dedicated to the Hindu God Lord Brahma, the Creator of the Universe. According to Indian Mythology, after visiting all the Hindu pilgrim towns and temples (Four Dhams), if Pushkar is not visited for Pooja, then salvation is not achieved. According to the Hindu calendar Pushkar Fair commences in Nawami (Ninth Moon) and ends in Purnima (Full Moon) in the month of Kartika, which can be in October or November depending on the Moon calendar In Pushkar, one of the biggest Cattle Fair is also held for trading purposes and the best cattle in all categories are awarded. Countless people in their colourful attire gather to take a dip in the Holy Lake and pray to the deities. The whole town comes alive with vibrant folk music and dances, magic shows, horse and camel races and various other traditional entertainment competitions.Pushkar, with more than 12 local fairs and festivals of 10 15 days duration is a year round destination. It is a mellow town by the great lake of Pushkar amidst the perfume of jasmine and rose flowers. More than 4,000 to 6,000 visitors from all over the world come to Pushkar everyday.[citation needed] Camel Safari in Pushkar Tourists can explore the rugged terrain of the Great Indian Desert of Thar using camels. The Aravalli Range here is one of the world's oldest mountain ranges, and has sandy fields, small dunes, beautiful hills and mesmerizing sunrises and sunsets. The camel safaris in Pushkar will take Tourists to destinations where they will witnesses small villages along the way and during crop harvesting, the views are exceptionally enticing. Other Attractions Ghats at Pushkar lake, Rajasthan A visit to Bhandarej, Bhangarh and Fort Madhopur from Jaipur via Dausa Town by an Indica or Ambassador taxi would cost about Rs 2,000. Expect rates to go up considerably in the high season. Ajmer is the nearest tourist attraction that lays outside the city boundaries of Pushkar. Located 27 kilometres away from Ajmer, there is Kishangarh, famous for its miniature paintings, more popularly known as Bani Thani. Pushkar Lake- The prime attraction of Pushkar is the Pushkar Lake which is considered sacred like the Mansarovar Lake in Tibet. Pushkar has become a place of Hindu pilgrimage because of this holy lake. Legend has it that this lake was consecrated to Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe when a lotus dropped from his hand into the vale and a lake emerged in that place. Brahma Temple- The most important temple in Pushkar is the Temple of Lord Brahma, one of the holy trinity of Hinduism. In fact it is the only Hindu shrine in the world where Lord Brahma is worshipped. The temple enshrines a life-size idol of Lord Brahma.

Savitri Temple- This temple that is located at the top of the Ratnagiri Hill is dedicated to Savitri, the wife of Lord Brahma. The temple houses a magnificent statue of Goddess Savitri. Old Pushkar- Old Pushkar lake is rebuilt and is located around 5 km from Pushkar lake. According to the ancient texts, Old Pushkar has equal cultural and religious significance for the pilgrims. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[10] Pushkar had a population of 14,789. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Pushkar has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 60%. In Pushkar, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Transport Air The nearest airport from Pushkar is Sanganer Airport at Jaipur at distance of 146 km from Pushkar which is well connected with all the major cities which include Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Indore, Jodhpur and Udaipur. Road Pushkar is 11 km from main Ajmer bus stand. Rajasthan Roadways run very comfortable deluxe buses from Jaipur. There are buses from Jaipur to Ajmer, Indore, Nagda for every 15 minutes. Pushkar is about a 2 and a half hour drive from Jaipur. [11] Rail The nearest railway station from Pushkar is Ajmer, which is on the Broad Gauge and hence connected to the metro cities of India like New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad, Indore, Kanpur, Lucknow, Patna, Bhopal, Trivandrum, Cochin etc. A Broad Gauge track is being laid from Ajmer to Pushkar. Sarwar Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Sarwar is a city and a municipality in Ajmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography

Sarwar is located at Demographics

2604N 7500E / 26.07N 75.0E[1]. It has an average elevation of 337 metres (1105 feet).

As of 2001 India census,[2] Sarwar had a population of 16,194. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sarwar has an average literacy rate of 47%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 61%, and female literacy is 32%. In Sarwar, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sarwar is 16KM from town kekri and 64KM from District Ajmer. Vijainagar Vijainagar is a city and a municipality in Ajmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001 India census[1], Vijainagar had a population of 27,688. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Vijainagar has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 60%. In Vijainagar, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bhilwara district Bhilwara District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The town of Bhilwara is the district headquarters. Contents

1 Geography and Demographics 2 Administrative set-up

3 References 4 External links

Geography and Demographics The district has an area of 10,455 km, and a population of 2,009,516 (2001 census), which increased 26.14% from 1991 to 2001. Known for its textile Industries. It is bounded on the north by Ajmer District, on the east by Bundi District, on the south by Chittorgarh District, and on the west by Rajsamand District. State Highway (Jaipur-Udaipur) passes through the district, as does a broad gauge railway line measuring 84 km and connecting Ajmer with Khandwa in Madhya Pradesh. The nearest airport is at Udaipur (171 km). Administrative set-up There are 8 sub-divisions in the district: Bhilwara, Banera, Shahpura, Gangapur, Gulabpura, Mandal, Mandalgarh and Jahazpur. Under these sub-divisions there are 12 Tehsils: Bhilwara, Banera, Mandal, Mandalgarh, Beejoliya, Kotri, Shahpura, Jahazpur, Sahada, Raipur, Asind, Hurda. There are four Sub Tehsils also named Kareda (Mandal), Badnor (Asind), Hamirgarh (Bhilwara) and Puliakalan (Shahpura). Similarly there are 1783 villages as per census of 2001. Bhilwara Contents:- History/ Location/ Demographics/ Economy/ Infrastructure/ Electricity/ Water/ Road Connectivity/ Rail Transport/ Air Transport/ Communication Facilities/ Educational Facilities/Institutions/ Transport/ Social and cultural significance/ Engineering/ Medical/ Urology/ Cardiology/ Concern area/ Tourism Bhilwara is the city in Mewar region of Rajasthan, India.The Cloth & Industrial city has its own uniqueness which makes it as a special district in Rajasthan. Bhilwara "The City of Cloth Culture & Calmness"

History The Textile City of India has very fine history. When Arjuna was going to Dwarika with all Gopis during Mahabharata period. He was passing through the present Bhilwara region. There was a war of Arjuna & Bhils. Local tradition reveals that it came to be known as Bhilwara because it was mostly inhabited by Bhil tribes in old days. These Bhils were eventually driven away towards the hilly tracts and interior places of less importance by the ancestors of the peasant settlers. It is said to have come up in the middle of the 11th century when a Bhil tribal, supposedly one of the first settlers, built a shiva temple on the site of the existing "Bada Mandir" or "Jataun ka Mandir". This is in the area called Purana Bhilwara, the oldest part of the town. If we are to believe this, the town is more than 900 years old.[1] Ironically enough, now very few Bhils live in this area. Another version recounts that the present Bhilwara city had a mint where coins known as 'BHILADI' were minted and from this denomination was derived the name of the district. A town nearby the city named "Mandal" is assumed to be the base of the Mughals when they attacked Chittor Garh, the moughal forces camped near the "talab" of the town of Mandal, ruins of the camp can still be seen there. A tower served as light house was also built on a small hill in Mandal, know known as "Mandara (minar)" this small hill also houses a devi temple. Bhilwara's history can be back to prehistoric period when neolithic culture was flourishing at Bagore village. A pillar said to be of first century BC at Nandsa village is evidence of Vedic rituals and culture. Classical 'Nagar' style of temple architect can be seen at temples of Menaal (Mahanaleshwer), Gurlan, Gadarmala, Momi, Kanpura and Mandalgarh places.Another notable landmark is the Badnore Fort located some 70 km from Bhilwara. It is a seven storeys fort on the top of a hill & built in medieval Indian Military style of architecture.Bhilwara is also known as the city of "CLOTH". Location Bhilwara (English pronunciation: /bi l vr /) is located at 2521N 7438E / 25.35N 74.63E.[2] It has an average elevation of 421 metres (1381 feet).Major rivers flowing through the district are Banas, Bedach, Kothari, Khari, Mansi, Menali, Chandrabhaga and Nagdi. There is not any natural lake in the district but on the other hand there are number of ponds and dams so the district is the most irrigated through the ponds in the state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001 India census[3], Bhilwara had a population of 20,09,516. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. There was a question in Kaun Banega Crorepati (KBC), whose answer was Bhilwara has the highest no. of registered private motor vehicles (four wheelers) in World.i.e. Per capita density of regd. private four wheelers is highest in Asia[citation needed]. This also is indicative of density of millionaire is highest in Asia.This city is running with the blessings of all religions. Bhilwara is 7th largest city of Rajasthan. It comes third in Chartered Accountancy Examination results after Mumbai and Jodhpur. Only Textile Engineering College of Rajasthan is in Bhilwara. All World Gayatri Pariwar Centre 'Gayatri Shaktipeeth', situated at Roadways Bus Stand. Vivekananda Kendra Kanyakumari Branch Bhilwara is vibhag of ten districts of Rajasthan. The city has got more than 300 parks-small as well as big-crowning it with the highest number of parks in the state. Economy

The major industry is textiles, with more than 4000 manufacturing units in the town. There is also a huge cloth market. The main textile product is synthetic fabric used in trousers. The city is a market for mica, grains, cotton, and wool. Its manufactures include textiles and metalware. It was the immense effort of Lt. Sh. Jugal Kishore Sharaf and then Lt. Sh. Chetan Sharaf owner of "Jugal Kishore Mica corp." That played a crucial role in Bhilwara being a major Mica producing area. Mansinghka Family, Agrawal Family, Soni family, Gaggar Family, Saxena Family, Mali Family, Jaiswal Family, Sabharwal Family, Chabra Family, Bhadada Family are well known business families, M/s. Ashok Kumar Daruka has had a major share in export of Mica worldwide, has impact on the development of the city. Right Concept Marketing[4] (RCM) a Multi-Level Marketing Company based on the concept of Amway has been originated from this town which currently Ranks No.1 in India. A total Customer base of more then 10 Million and an annual turnover of more then 1500 crores distinct itself from other historic businesses originated in this region. Bhilwara is the one of the major textile centre of the Country. It is prominent in manufacturer of P/V blended yarn and suiting. The turn over of the textile industry is more than Rs. 10,000 crore p.a. It has 9 major spinning mills and 5 small spinning mills. The total spindlage installed at Bhilwara are approx. 4.50 lacs about 40% of the State capacity. It has 18 modern process houses to process polyester/viscose suiting with the capacity of 50-55 crore meters of fabric p.a. In weaving sector it has approx. 13,500 looms out of which about 9000 are modern shuttleless looms. Exports of textiles from the district is of more than Rs. 2750 crore p.a. It is the only center in the country producing insulation bricks. There are about 25 units. In mining sector large scale mining of sand stone, which is also exporting. The other major mining activity is in soap stone mining, the talcum powder manufactured by UMDS and other Minerals like Feldspar,Quartz, China Clay by ABC Limitless Holdings is supplied to all major manufacturing units. The growth rate of bhilwara is very high in rajasthan. Some readymade garments showroom with good quality of products are Vardhaman Vastralay, Veshbhusha, Nu-Wave, Pulse, Lotus. They work on MBO (Multi Brand Outlet) System. Nagori Garden is the main hub for readymade garments. Infrastructure Electricity Bhilwara receives electricity from Kota, Beawar, Rana Pratap Sagar Power Station (Rawatbhata) and Nimbahera. All the 1,565 villages have been electrified. Water The main rivers in the district are Banas, Beduch, Kothari, Khari, Menaali, Unli and Meaj. The water table in the district is comparatively high between 10 to 20 meters. The district has about 86,600 wells and thousands of tube-wells, providing drinking water and irrigation facilities. Ground water in the district is fresh and generally considered as potable although the concentration in fluoride was regularly above normal, and can cause fluorosis. Road Connectivity The National Highway No. 79 part of the Golden Quardrilateral (Four Lane) and another National No. 76 part of the East West Corridor (Four Lane) passes through the district. The total length of both section is 120 km. South State Highway (Jaipur-Udaipur) passes through the district. The total road length in the district is 3,883 km as on 31 March 2000. Rail Transport A broad gauge railway line connects Ajmer, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Delhi, Bharatpur, Agra, Gwalior, Lucknow, Kanpur, Allahabad, Patna, Kolkata, Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Ratlam, Vadodara, Surat, and Mumbai passes through the district. Air Transport The nearest airport is at Udaipur (150 km) takes approx 2 hrs, 35 mins by road and other the nearest airport is at Jaipur (251 km) takes about 4 hrs by road. International Airport Nearest Jaipur, New Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad. Communication Facilities (No.)

Post Offices 391 Telegraph Offices 95 Telephone exchanges 71 Public call offices 1,180 An airstrip is available at Kherabad approximately 22 kms. away from Bhilwara city.

Educational Facilities/Institutions

(No.)

Transport

Primary and Middle Schools 2,009 Higher Secondary and Secondary Schools 212 Under Graduate and Post Graduate Colleges 7 Engineering colleges= 2

The city is connected by National Highway No. 79 through Jaipur, Ajmer and Udaipur, which makes the major cities accessile. The four lane highway is part of golden quadrilateral highway project of India and connects Bhilwara with major cities. Bhilwara is connected by Broad gauge railway line network as of July 2007 (Appox.). The city has its own traffic style and parking style. Though the nos of vehicles are too much but there is no jam (a city without traffic lights). Social and cultural significance Besides Bhilwara's popularity in name of textile industry, it has a very strong cultural heritage base. Bhilwara is also famous for following cultural and social elements:

Art: Great Indian Miniature artist Badri Lal Chitrakar highlights the city on international maps for Indian Miniature Art. He has been given Shilp Guru award by Vice-President of India in 9 September 2006. Bhilwara is also famous for its FAD PAINTINGS which are actually depiction of traditional stories on cloth using naturally available colours. Joshi family from Shahpura,Bhilwara is famous for such paintings. Gazak: famous sweet. It is made up of Til and famous around whole Rajasthan. Sports: Bhilwara is the source of National Basketball team players. This city is considered to be the mine of basketball players. Coach Mohit Bhandari is the present National coach for Basketball. Famous chess player Abhijeet Gupta belongs to this city.

Bhilwara is The city has many other state and national level tennis players, some of them being Prateek Kabra ,Rahul Bolia ,brothers Akhil and Anish Pokharna, Priyesh Agarwal and Naveen Nathrani.

Chess: Abhijeet Gupta World chess champion is also from bhilwara. Cricket : has been the most highly appreciated game here. It has produced many great players which represented in the national team, some of them being; Shailendra Singh Gehlot, Aayush Agarwal, Narendra Chaudhary, Siddharth Sharma, Ishvar and many more.

On the Administration part it has been the limelight in RCA (Rajasthan Cricket Association) with some of the great administrators like Rakesh Agarwal, Mahendra Nahar, Chandra Prakash Ojha helped developing cricket in this great historic town. With their combine efforts first time an International Cricket Team Bangladesh came to play here. Rakesh Agarwal and Mahendra Nahar has also represented BCCI[5], the highest cricketing body in India and its domestic T20 Leagues Indian Premier League[6] and Champions League T20[7]. Deepak Sharma currently is among few International Scorer in India deputed by BCCI (Board of Control for Cricket in India[8]).

Shitala Devi Saptami: People from Bhilwara indulges themselves more on this festival as compared to Holi (a week after). People eat cold food on the day, as a dedication to celebrate last winter festival. Besides many other real stories are told behind it. Makhan Bda :Is another famous sweet.

Engineering ITM Bhilwara MLVT Govt. college Medical Now Bhilwara has large number of hospitals. Smt. Kesar Bai Soni Hospital Assisted By Apollo Hospital Ahmedabad, Arihant Eye Hospital,Red crescent Uro-Surgical Hospital, Krishna Hospital and many more. The facility of serving the people in low cost make bhilwara as a medical hub. Urology There are some hospitals for urology that is why bhilwara is famous for its treatment of urology disorders due to specialized urological hospitals. urological trauma can be treated,prostate cancer,appendix,plastic surgery of excretory organs and many more.here in bhilwara patients of urology gets every type of treatment regarding urological disorders with new and modern techniques and machines. some urological specialized hospital is Red Crescent Uro-Surgical Hospital. Cardiology Bhilwara also provides facility for cardiac patients with modern machines there are many hospitals which provides cardiac treatment.the government hospital mahatma gandhi hopital also provides cardiac treatment for BPL CARD HOLDERS at low rates of cost.

Concern area The major area of concern is of shortage of water.For this the government is working hardly so that bhilwara people will get water from chambal river. Tourism

Badnore Fort: is 70 km from Bhilwara on the Bhilwara Asind road. Bijoliyan Mandakini Temple

The town situated in the South East of Bhilwara. It is close to the borders of the District Bundi. The ancient name of Bijoliya was Vindhyavali. It is walled with two gates (North and South) and picturesquely situated on a plateau called the UPARMAL. Objects of historical interests are three Saivite temples, probably of the tenth century. A reservoir called the Mandakini Baori with steps, five Jain temples dedicated to Parswnath. The remains of a palace and two rock inscriptions deserve mention. The Jain temples, situated about 1.5 km of the south east were built by Mahajan Lala in the time of the Chauhan Raja Someshwar of Ajmer in 1170 AD. One of them is considered scared containing a complete small model of a temple inside. The rock inscriptions are both dated 1170 AD.

Shahpura Ramdwara

Capital of the erstwhile state of Shahpura, the town houses the headquarters of the sub division, tehsil, panchayat samiti of the same name. It is about 58 km from district headquarters. The rulers of the erstwhile chiefship of Shahpura belonged to the Sisodia clan of Rajputs. Shahpura is a place of pilgrimage for the followers of the Ram Snehi's sect. Founded by the Hindus in 1804. They have a shrine in the town known as Ram Dwara. The chief priest of Ram Dwara is the head of the sect. Pilgrims from all over the world visit the shrine through out the year. Ram Snehi is an Internation Hindu sect. An annual fair Phool Dol Ka Mela is held here on Phagun Sukla 15 (MarchApril) for five days. About one lakh people attend the fair. It is also famous for PHAD painitings.

Mandalgarh Menal Water fall

The place, situated at a distance of 54 km towards South-East of Bhilwara. It is sub division, tehsil and panchayat samiti of same name. The place is of historical importance because it was the scene of many a fierce battle during the mediaeval times, according to the Muslim historians. The place was taken twice by Mahmud Khilji of Malwa in the middle of the fifteenth century, and subsequently appears to have belonged alternately to the Ranas of Mewar and the Mughal Emperors. In or about 1650 A.D. Shah Jahan granted it in Jagir to Raja Roop Singh of kishanGarh, who partially built a palace here, but Rana Raj Singh retook it in 1660 AD. Twenty years later captured the palace and in 1700 AD. made it over to Jhujar Singh Chief of Pisangan (now in Ajmer district ) from whom it wasrecovered by Rana Amar Singh in 1706 AD., and it since then remained in the uninterrupted possession of his successors. To the North-West is a fort about half a mile in length with a low rampart wall and bastions encircling the crest of the hill on which it stands. The fort is said to have been constructed by a chief of the Balnote Clan of Rajputs (a branch of Solankis). There is an old temple Jaleshwar by name (1619 v.s.) The fort also houses a temple dedicated to Shiva.

Pur Udan Chatri

It is situated at about 10 km from bhilwara city. It is famouls for it Udan Chatri, Adhar Shila, and Patola mahadev. The Bhilwara Municipal corporation is developing a tourist place at Gata Rani Mandir. Asind Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/Pilgrim place Asind is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the state of Rajasthan, India.

Geography Asind is located at 2544N 7420E / 25.73N 74.33E.[1] It has an average elevation of 467 metres (1532 feet). Asind is also the name of a Chinese Company located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[2] Asind had a population of 14,118. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Asind has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 63% of the males and 37% of females literate. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Pilgrim place

Sri Sawai Bhoj Temple, Asind Sri Sawai Bhoj Temple is famous temple of Bhilwara.Sri Sawai Bhoj was father of Lord Devnarayan and was one of the 24 brave Gurjar brothers named as Bagaravats. The Sawai Bhoj Temple in Bhilwara is claimed to be more than 400 years old. Bijolia Contents:- Geography/Demographics / History/ Tourism/ Bijolia inscription/ Jain temple/ Education/ Transport links/ By Air/ By Road/ By Train Beejoliya Kalan is a census town in Bhilwara district in the state of Rajasthan, India.

Geography Beejoliya Kalan is located at 2510N 7519E / 25.17N 75.32E[1]. It has an average elevation of 512 m (1,680 ft). The town situated in the South East of Bhilwara. It is close to the borders of the District Bundi. It is walled with two gates (North and South) and picturesquely situated on a plateau called the UPARMAL. It is 50 km from Bundi on the Bundi-Chittauragarh road. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[2] Beejoliya Kalan had a population of 12,384. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Beejoliya Kalan has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 59% of the males and 41% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. History The ancient name of Bijoliya was 'Vindhyavali'. During the Chauhan period, it became a famous centre for art and architecture. Tourism The Fort and Shiva temple ae main attractions. The fort is located on Bundi Chttaurgarh road. A high paved courtyard on the side of the fort has a large temple of Lord Shiva. A caved archway leads to the temple that has a fine image of Lord Ganesh. The Shiva temple is called Hajaresvara Mahadeva temple. It has a high linga surrounded by hundreds of small lingas and hence called Hajaresvara or Sahastralinga. Near by Mandakani Kund is a holy water tank.Other attractions are five Jain temples dedicated to Paraswnath and the remains of a palace and two rock inscriptions. LIST OF PROTECTED MONUMENTS BY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA IN RAJASTHAN contains three sites from Bijolia village:

Mahakalsaz and two other temples Rock Inscription (12th century) Rock Inscription within the

Bijolia inscription Bijolia inscription dating back V.E. 1226 (1170 AD) is very important because it throws a new light on the early history of the Chauhan dynasty. Jain temple The Jain temples, situated about 1.5 km of the south east were built by Mahajan Lala in the time of the Chauhan Raja Someshwar of Ajmer in 1170 AD. One of them is considered scared containing a complete small model of a temple inside. The rock inscriptions are both dated 1170 AD. Education (1)A.V.S.Public School- In this area an English medium School is also running by parswnath teerth kshetra committee named of his saint "ACHARYA VIDHYA SAGER PUBLIC SCHOOL". There 452 stuents are taking education. Presently this is up to 8th standred and going to affileted With C.B.S.E. New Delhi in neare future. (2)DHARMSHALA A well furnished dharmshala for the jain yatri & others Transport links By Air Nearest Airport is Kota which is about 75 km away from bijoliya.

By Road Bijoliya is situated on National Highway No. 76. Direct buses are available from Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Kota, Indore,Neemuch etc. By Train Nearest Railway station is "UPERMAL RAILWAY STATION" 8 km from city

Gangapur Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ History Gangapur is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the state of Rajasthan, India.

Geography Gangapur is located at 2513N 7416E / 25.22N 74.27E.[1] It has an average elevation of 495 metres (1624 feet). it was in rule of GWALIOR state before independence. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[2] Gangapur had a population of 17,015. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Gangapur has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 45%. In Gangapur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. History Headquarter of the Sahara tehsil, this town is situated at a distance of about 46 km in the South-West of the district headquarters. It was part of the erstwhile princely state of Gwalior (now in M.P.) prior to independence. It is municipal town. Gulabpura Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Main Attractions of the City Gulabpura is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.

Geography Gulabpura is located at 2554N 7440E / 25.9N 74.67E.[1] It has an average elevation of 397 metres (1302 feet). Gulapura is well known town for the Education and the Textile Besides all of these qualities gulabpura is in contact with railway & roads directly to delhi and mumbai.& now the city has a world class industries in field of tiles & wires. There are near about 200 Schools and 4 Colleges and also an Industrial Training Institute (I.T.I.). Demographics As of 2001 India census,[2] Gulabpura had a population of 24,349. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Gulabpura has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 59%. In Gulabpura, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Main Attractions of the City

Ram Mandir Daunia Balaji-The Lake Rajasthan Spinning & Weaving Mills Rajasthan Spin Fade Unit Gandhi Vidhyalaya Mukharji Udhyaan Shree Gopal Gaushala

Jahazpur Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Jahazpur is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Jahazpur is located at 2537N 7517E / 25.62N 75.28E. It has an average elevation of 334 metres (1095 feet). Demographics As of 2001 India census,[1] Jahazpur had a population of 18,816. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Jahazpur has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 45%. In Jahazpur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Mandalgarh Contents:- History/ Geography/ Demographics Mandalgarh is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. History The place, situated at a distance of 54 km towards South-East of Bhilwara. It is sub division,tehsil and panchayat samiti of same name.The place is of historical importance because it was the scene of many a fierce battle during the mediaeval times,according to the muslim historians. The place was taken twice by Mahmud Khilji of Malwa in the middle of the fifteenth century, and subsequently appears to have belonged alternately to the Ranas of Mewar and the Mughal Emperors. In or about 1650, Shah Jahan granted it in Jagir to Raja Roop Singh of kishanGarh, who partially built a palace here, but Rana Raj Singh retook it in 1660. Twenty years later captured the palace and in 1700 made it over to Jhujar Singh Chief of Pisangan (now in Ajmer district) from whom it was recovered by Rana Amar Singh in 1706, and it since then remained in the uninterruped possession of his successors. To the North-West is a fort about half a mile in length with a low rampart wall and bastions encircling the crest of the hill on which it stands. The fort is said to have been constructed by a chief of the Balnote Clan of Rajputs (a branch of Solankis). There is an old temple Jaleshwar by name (1619 v.s.) The fort also houses a temple dedicated to Shiva Geography Mandalgarh is located at 2512N 7506E / 25.2N 75.1E[1]. It has an average elevation of 382 metres (1253 feet). Demographics As of 2001 India census[2], Mandalgarh had a population of 20,161. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Mandalgarh has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, and female literacy is 36%. In Mandalgarh, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Shahpura, Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ History /Hazarat Sujat Ali (R.A) DARGAH /Ram Snehi /Getting there Shahpura is a city and a municipality in Bhilwara district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Sh hpur is loc ted t 2538N 7456E / 25.63N 74.93E / 25.63; 74.93[1]. It has an average elevation of 364 metres (1194 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Shahpura had a population of 27,698. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Shahpura has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 50%. In Shahpura, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. History Shahpura is known as the jagir (estate) of Surajmal, second son of Maharana Amir Singh I; their title is 'Raja Dhiraj'. Surajmal had two sons, Sujan Singh and Veeramdeo. During Shah Jahan's period, Sujan joined the service of the Emperor, who gave him the district of Phoolia and a mansab (military posting) of 800 Jat (foot soldiers) and 300 Sawar (horse or horsemen). In 1643, Sujan Singh's mansab was raised to 1,000 Jat and 500 Sawar, and in 1645, to 1,500 Jat and 700 Sawar. Later, he went to Kandahar with Mughal Prince Aurangzeb and, in 1651, his mansab was again raised, to 2,000 Jat and 800 Sawar.When Shah Jahan sent his army, under the command of Saddulla Khan, to Chittor to demolish a wall that had been restored in contravention of the 1615 treaty (see AMAR SHINGH I, MAHARANA), Sujan Singh was with him. To revenge Sujan's ungrateful act, Maharana Raj Singh I attacked Shahpura (1658) and exacted a penalty of Rs. 22,000/-. Maharana Raj Singh also burnt the area governed by Sujan's younger brother, Veeramdeo. Later, Shah Jahan sent Sujan to Dharmat to assist Maharana Jaswant Singh in his fight against the rebellious Prince Aurangzeb. There, Sujan died with his 5 sons. Veeramdeo, Sujan's brother, also left the Maharana and joined Shah Jahan, where he received the mansab of 800 Jat and 400 Sawar. He fought bravely in the Kandahar expeditions and his mansab was raised to 3,000 Jat and 1,000 Sawar. At the battle of Samugadh, Veeramdeo was in the first flank of Mughal Prince Dara's force against Prince

Aurangzeb. After Dara was defeated, Veeramdeo went over to Aurangzeb. Later, he was sent to Assam with Ram Singh of Jaipur. After this, he returned to Mathura with Safshikan Khan, where he died around 1688. Fateh Singh, elder son of Sujan Singh was also killed at Dharmat, and Fateh's son, a minor, succeeded him. Six years later, Sujan's fourth son, Daulat Singh, usurped Shahpura and became its ruler. (Fateh's descendants are now at Gangwas and Barliawas.) When Aurangzeb attacked Maharana Raj Singh, Daulat was in the Mughal army. Daulat's son, Bharat Singh, fought for Maharana Sangram Singh II in the battle against Mewati Ranbaj Khan. Bharat was imprisoned by his son, Umaid Singh, and died in prison. Umaid Singh wanted to make his younger son, Zalim Singh, his successor; to do this; he poisoned his elder son, Udyot Singh. He even wanted to kill his grandson (i.e., Udyot's son) and sent a soldier to commit the heinous act. The soldier struck but missed, only wounding him. At that moment, Ran Singh's son, Bhim Singh, aged only 14, killed the soldier, and Umaid's dream to make Zalim his successor was foiled. Many of Mewar's nobles were against Maharana Ari Singh II (1761-1773). Ari Singh wooed Umaid Singh to his side and gave him the Paragna Kachola (District of Kachola). Umaid died at Ujjain (see UJJAIN, BATTLE OF), fighting for the Maharana against Madhav Rao SINDHIA. In 1869, Nahar Singh, who had been adopted, became the ruler of Shahpura (he had been the son of Balwant Singh of Dhanop). In 1903, the British awarded him the K.C.I.E., and entitled him to a 9-gun salute. He became a member of the MEHDRAJ SABHA. Later, he refused to go into the service of Maharana FATEH SINGH, claiming to be an independent ruler. However, the British ruled that he would have to comply, every second year, and pay Rs. 1 Lakh to the Maharana as a penalty for not attending his Court. Hazarat Sujat Ali (R.A) DARGAH Hazart Sujat Ali Hazart Sujat Ali (r.a) Dargah situated at kalinjari gate , this is Beautiful & holy Place For Islamic RELIGION'S Ram Snehi The Biggest and most popular Ramdwara of Shahpura. Shahpura is a place of pilgrimage for the followers of the Ram Snehi sect. Founded in 1804 they have a shrine in the town called Ramdwara. The chief priest there is the head of the sect. Pilgrims from all over the world visit the shrine throughout the year. Shahpura is well known for Ram Snehi's Ramdwara. There is famous fair called PHOOLDOL MELA. is for 5 dsys after Holi. by Ramdwara Temple. * Ramdwara * Ram Charan Maharaj CHARBHUJA TEMPLE Middle of city The temple of CHARBHUJA NATH is situate. and also A HANUMAN TEMPLE Called by BALAJI KI CHATRI. is Near by the famous Charbhuja temple. There is 8 Prachin Jain Temple 4 is SWETAMBER SAMPRADAYA AND 4 DIGAMBER SAMPRADAYA. Getting there By Air: Nearest Airport is Dabok at Udaipur which is about 160 km. away from Bhilwara. By Road: Bhilwara is situated on National Highway No. 4. Direct buses are available from Delhi, Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Jodhpur, Kota, Ahmedabad etc. By Train: BHILWARA IS NEAR BY STATION 52 K.M. FAR FROM SHAHPURA

Nagaur district Contents1 History/ About Nagaur district/ Population and Are/ Climate/Forest, flora and fauna/Language spoken/ Geography/ Demographics Nagaur Nagaur is a city in the state of Rajasthan in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Nagaur District. The Nagaur city lies about midway between Jodhpur and Bikaner. It was founded by the Naga Kshatriyas. It is also known as the village "Khatwan". History Nagaur finds mention even in the Mahabharata. The kingdom of Ahichhatrapur which Arjuna is said to have conquered and subsequently offered to his Guru Dronacharya, was perhaps some of the area of the Nagaur district. It was the capital of Jangaldesh. The foundation of city dates back to 4th century BC. Nagas originally ruled over this place and about 7th century onwards the Chauhans became the overlords of Nagaur and it was included in Sapadalaksha. Nagaur city was at the centre of Muslim invasion from Central Asia. The Nagaur fort is the famous place of historical importance.[1][2] About Nagaur district Glorified by the bards, the history of Nagaur finds mention even in the Mahabharata. The kingdom of Ahichhatrapur which Arjun is said to have conquered and subsequently offered to his Guru Dronacharya, was perhaps some of the area of the Nagaur district. The birth place of Meera and Abul Fazal, Nagaur district has a charbhuja and Parsawanath Temple at Merta and the Dargah of Sufi Saint Tarkin, a famous 16th century Bansiwala Temple at Nagaur city. Nagaur also witnessed the valour of Great Rao Amar Singh Rathor who challenged the mighty Mughal empire. The large old Fort has many glorious tales of bravery of the erstwhile rulers of the states. Wide Annals & Antiquities of Rajputana,VolII,page -870 onw rds 1970.</ref> N g ur District is situ ted between 260.25 & 270.40 North L titude & 730.10 & 750.15 E st Longitude. It is situated amidst seven districts namely Bikaner, Churu, Sikar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Pali, Jodhpur. Nagaur is the fifth largest district in Rajasthan with a vast terrain spreading over 17,718 km. Its geographical spread is a good combine of plain, hills, sand mounds and as such it is a part of the great Indian Thar Desert. The present district of Nagaur finds a place in the heart of the Rajasthan state. Before the merger of the states, Nagaur was a part of the erstwhile Jodhpur State. After independence, Nagaur had the honour of being selected as the place in the country from where the Democratic Decentralisation process was launched by the late Shri Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India on the 2 October 1959. The town of Ladnu in the district has gained its place on the map of the country being the headquarters of the famous Jain Vishva Bharati University which has become a centre of spiritual learnings and knowledge under the leadership of Acharya Tulsi, a great Jain saint, who has propagated the philosophy of Anuvrat in order to enlighten people in this area of the country. Peepasar is a small village in the Nagaur Tehsil of Nagaur district. It is the birth place of the Great Saint Guru Jambheshwar, the founder of the Bishnoi community. Population and Area The district comprises 1570 Revenue Estates (Villages), out of which Merta, Didwana, Makarana, Parbatsar, Ladnu and Kuchaman are the major towns of the district. The total area of the district is 17,718 km, out of which 17,448.5 km. is rural and 269.5 km. is urban. As per the 2001 census, the population of the district is 27,75,058 (4,77,337 urban and 22,97,721 rural population) which is 4.91% of the total population of the State. The density of population in the district is 157, as against 165 of Rajasthan as a whole. 12,87,921 persons of the district are literate, out of which 10,21,314 are rural and 2,66,607 are urban, which makes it 58.26% of the total population. Out of this literate population 75.33% are males and 40.45% are females. Climate

Nagaur has a dry climate with a hot summer. Sand storms are common in summer. The climate of the district is conspicuous by extreme dryness, large variations of temperature & highly variable rainfall. The mercury keeps on rising intensely from March till June. These are the hottest months. The maximum temperature recorded in district is 117 F with 32 F as the lowest recorded temperature. The average temperature of the district is 74 F. The winter season in the extends from mid November till the beginning of March. Rainy season is of a short during from July to mid September. There are ten raingage stations, namely - Nagaur, Khinvsar, Didwana, Merta, Parbatsar, Makarana, Nawa, Jayal, Degana & Ladnun in the district. The average rainfall in the district is 36.16 cm & 51.5 percentage humidity. Forest, flora and fauna The district of Nagaur is poor in forest resources. The total area under including hills, is reported to be 240.92 km., which is 1.3 percent of total geographical area of the district. Scanty rainfall & other geographical constraints account for this. The western part of the district is divided of natural vegetation cover except for low hurbs & grass which grows on low sand dunes. However, the south-eastern part of the district & part of the northern tehsil of Ladnun & Didwana have much greater greenery as compared to north-west part of the district. Khejri trees are commonly found in the district. Its leaves are used as fodder. It also gives gum. Apart from commercial value, this tree is considered holy. The tree also plays an important role in checking soil erosion. The other common species found in the district are Babool, Neem, Shisham, Peepal, Rohira, Kalsi, Dhangood, Akara etc. Rohira & Shisham trees provide timber & is used for making furniture. Dhangood is generally used for making cots. Dried Akara skin is called Sunn and is used in making ropes for huts, and weaven chairs, locally called as Muddhas. Kheep is another shrub which is used for making ropes for thorny fences. A common shrub-phog provides building material from its roots and twigs. Common grass found in the district include bargers, bhambar etc. Language spoken Marwari, Hindi, English, Urdu Geography N g ur is loc ted t 2712N 7344E / 27.2N 73.73E / 27.2; 73.73.[3] It has an average elevation of 302 metres (990 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[4] Nagaur had a population of 88,313. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Nagaur has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66%, and female literacy is 45%. In Nagaur, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Basni Belima Basni Belima (also known as simply Basni) is a census town in Nagaur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Geography B sni Belim is loc ted t 2710N 7339E / 27.17N 73.65E / 27.17; 73.65[1]. It has an average elevation of 291 m (955 ft). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Basni Belima had a population of 21,557. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Basni Belima has an average literacy rate of 54%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 63% of the males and 37% of females literate. 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Didwana Contents Geography/ Demographics/ Concern Didwana (Hindi: ) is a town in Nagaur district of Rajasthan in India. It lies in the Thar Desert. The town is considered more than 5,000 years old and is closely associated with conversion of Rajput clan into a businessmen clan by the blessings of Lord Mahesh (Shankar) and with the name of Maheshwari Nowadays Didwana is a well known town of Nagaur/Rajasthan. Many people of Didwana and near by places are well settled elsewhere in India and hold important positions/ are famous Industrialists. The famous Maheshwari bushiness family Bangur hails from Didwana. Further it is also famous for two famous old Maths based on the Ramanuja Sampradaya, namely, the Jahlaria Math headed by Sri Sri 1008 Swami Ghanshyamacharyaji Maharaj and The Nagoria Math headed by Sri Sri 1008 Swami Vishnu prapannacharyaji Maharaj. Lt. Risaldar shakoor khan (Beri chhoti). vllege Beri chhoti his motherland. Ris.Shakoor Khan Expired on 9 april 2010 at home. His address"BERI HOUSE" near Bus stand, dargah 9 shahidan, didwana. they retired from 61 cav. Decorated by award = "BHATRAT KA RASHTRAPATI SAMMAN PURSHKAR", "SENA ADHYAKSH PRASHNSA PURSHKAR", "PARAM VISHISHT SEWA MADEL, MAHAVEER CHAKRA* ATI VISHISHT SEWA MADEL" The city is very famous for its Hindu tradition culture and philosophy and the Maths are must-visit for all Hindu Devotees once in Life time. The Baas and basinies, as the surrounding areas of town, The mathura Das Ji ka jaav, the oldest well built by the maharaja of Jodhpur, in Gaadha baas, now in Didwana, where there is a secret room inside the well, a very good example of Ancient Rajasthani architecture. The temples of these maths are very beautifying and pure the heart. Though they may not be as big as other temples but they are regarded very high for Hindu community. The town is famous for its VED Vidhalya where BRAHMINstudents are taught about Veda, dharma and other aspects of the Great Hindu Religion. And also Leadership in Commercial Marketing, A.P. Parsawat and Mukesh Kumar Ruwatia is well Known Chartered Accountant in Nagaur Dist, Shree Balaji Institute of Training is Leader commercial Center in Account Education in surrounding Area authorised by Institute of Finance & Account of India. Geography Didwana is located at 2724N 7434E / 27.4N 74.57E / 27.4; 74.57.[1] It has an average elevation of 336 metres (1102 feet).

The town is more than 5,000 years old and has long history of great teachers who have taken the Hindu Religion a long way and have shown the way how to lead life, how to grow etc. In Didwana there are twelve baas and twelve baasni (called in general language colony). There live mali samaj in these baas and Deshwali samaj lives in Basani. 1. Maidashar bass 2. Singhi bass 3. Kumaniya bass 4. Mohandas bass 5. Bhati bass 6. Heari bass 7. Gaadha bass 8. Harinarayan bass 9. Kadiya bass 10. Jhalara bass 11. Bari bass 12. Aadaka bass 13. Katala bass 14. Tiba bass. Thse are the famous twelve villages(Baasni) around Didwana, where deshwali community lives. 1. Ramsabas - where Engineer Jalaludeen lives. 2. Ladabas. 3. Khatiabasni. 4. Baliya. -Where Engineer Mohd.Ali Gardeji lives 5. Amarpura. 6. Gardejiabasni. 7. Dadubasni. 8. Shekhabasni. 9. Khinchiyabasni. 10. Mallabasni. 11. Daulatpura. 12. Katlabas. Following are the famous chowk in Didwana. Chowk means locality. 1. Mohallah Sayedan & Qauziyaan 2. Narsingh Chowk Near Nagoria Math. 3. Shyam Ji ka Chowk Near Shayam Ji Ka Mandir. 4. Gaggro ka chowk. 5. Bangur Chowk. 6. Ghodawato Ka Chowk. 7. Bhargav Chowk. 8. Majejio ka Chowk Near Jhalaria Math. 9. Mathura Das Ji Ka Jaav in Gaadha Baas. 10. pathano ki paanch pol the historic palace Earlier this city was extent in-between Seven Big Gates, for security. But now six gates exist, as one (Delhi Gate) gate has vanished. One thing is special for these gates that at each gate The lord Ganesh Temple are situated. The name of gates are below:

1. Nagori Gate. 2. Ajmeri Gate. 3. Kote Gate. 4. Deen Darwaja. 5. Khidki Darwaja.(Chapri Gate) 6. Fatehpuri Gate. 7. Delhi Gate. (this does not exist now) After the rise of Bangur Family who stayed in Sitaram Bagh, the Bangur family had built many Schools, a college, hospital, roads and other infrastructural facilities in the town. Thus the city was one of the most prominent town in the Rajastan State and important centre from people from nearby villages and towns as Ladnun, Kuchaman, Merta, Sujangarh, Kishangarh, Molasar, Borsu, etc. Not only the town but also people form nearby places is indebted to the Bangur Family for its important role played in the development of the town. Near to Didwana is situated a very old village named Bawadi, where the rathores ruled. The village has a very impressive old fort, there still lives the family of ex jagirdar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Didwana had a population of 44,661. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Didwana has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70% and, female literacy is 46%. In Didwana,

17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Now this city will become the District Headquarters because most of the offices of district level has been opened and rest of office will be opened soon. name of Bass 1.madashar bass 2.singi bass 3.kumaniya bass 4.mohandas bass 5.bhati bass 6.heari bass 7.gadha bass 8.harinarian bass 9.kadiya bass 10.jalara bass 11.bari bass 12.aadaka bass 13.katala bass 14.tiba bass 15.mr.attitude nagar Concern The new generation of Bangur Family has been distanced from the town. Their higher interest in city also with other pravasi industrialists will help the city attain a prominent location in Rajasthan. The local people of the town have important role to play in this as if they take the Help of Bangur family and ask them to establish industries in the nearby area, the area can flourish. There is beautiful temple. Its name is shri shitalkund balaji mandir(hanuman temple)and Jankinath temple which belong's to Nagoriya Math .It's a famous temple constructed before 500 yrs ago owned by Nagoriyapithadishwar Swami Shri Vishuprapanacharji. krishana computers is a first computer education center in didwana and also recoganized by CDAC(Govt. of india). Industrialisation and creation of more jobs are important. Since the area is semi arid, creation of a SEZ in the town can be a win win situation as area nearby are not good for farming. So creation for SEZ will not affect agricultural production of country. it has a very large girl's collage. it;s name is Didwana Mahila Mahavidyalaya. Sushil Kulhari is presently SDM Didwana. Goredi Chancha Goredi Chancha is a census town in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Goredi Chancha had a population of 9834. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Goredi Chancha has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 51%. In Goredi Chancha, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kuchaman City Contents:-Demographics/ Education/ Education/ Sightseeing/ Kuchaman Fort/ Meera Mahal/ Jal Mahal/ Sabha Prakash/ Lok Dev Temple/ China Pole Kuchaman City is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The city includes a few Havelis in the Shekhawati style and a fort overlooking the city. The fort is about 1100 years old and was built in the 9th century by Rathore ruler Zalim Singh. One can also find fresco painting here on variable subjects such as flowers, motifs, and Hindu Mythology. In 950, The Chauhans of Ajmer drove out the Gurjar Pratihars to open a new chapter in the history of Kuchaman Fort. in the following centuries the Gaurs won and controlled the fort until they surrendered it to the might of the Rathores. Being Suryavanshi Kshatriyas who trace their lineage back to Lord Rama, the hero of the epic Ramayana, the Rathores brought to the fort their long and 470 AD with Nayal Pals conquest of Kanauj, near modern Kanpur in U.P. This fort is a major tourist attraction and is also part of the route of Palace on Wheels. A few havelis have also opened their doors to the foreign guests, who visit during the winter. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Kuchaman City had a population of 50,566. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kuchaman City has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 46%. In Kuchaman City, 27% of the population is under 10 years of age. It is a famous town of Nagaur District in Rajasthan. Kuchaman is a developed town it is situated on the Jaipur Nagaur route. It is 145 Kilometers far from Jaipur and 101 Kilometers far from Ajmer. The main business in the town is salt processing and local trade. There are many social societies are working in the town. Mainly Kuchaman Vikas Samiti, Lions club, Rotary club, Narayan Sewa Sansthan, Maulana Azad Educational Society, Madarsa Islamiya society and Mahaveer International. In education the town established mile stones for example Navodaya School, DIET, Noble Senior Secondary School,Tagour Senior Secondary School, 15 other senior secondary schools, 10 secondary schools, 35 upper primary schools, and many others societies. Kuchaman city's education system is fairly developed and during last few years students from other parts of the state are coming here for education. Education Kuchaman is also known as "shiksha nagri" in local area. The town has no. of institutions,coaching institutes,boarding schools including Noble Educational Society, Sant Paul School, B. R. Khokhar Memorial Educational Group(B.R.Khokhar Memorial Senior secondary School, B.R.Khokhar Memorial T.T. College, B.R.Khokhar Memorial T.T. School & Navy-Airforce coaching), MARWAR SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, Tagore Engineering College,Kuchaman College,Kuchaman College Of Pharmacy,B.K.Birla Institute of Information Technology,Tagore Sr.Sec. School,Science Classes,Ikon Institute,Jupiter College of Advance Studies etc. Sightseeing Kuchaman Fort Perched atop a 1000 ft high cliff, the Kuchaman Fort is the most important attraction of Kuchaman. Converted into a heritage hotel now, the fort displays a rich collection of original inlay work in semi-precious stones, glass and gold paint. The Sheesh Mahal (glass palace) is a sight to marvel at. Meanwhile, a colorful bazaar located below the fort is a great place to shop for handicrafts and fabrics. Meera Mahal This beautiful palace houses exquisite miniature paintings that depict the life of Meera Bai. The Meera Mahal is an exquisite palace which plays host to the miniature paintings illustrating the life story of Rathore poet saint Meerabai, the passionate devotee of Lord Krishna. The passion and dedication with which Meera (a married Rajput woman) worshipped Lord Krishna has been a part of the folklore for ages and is still considered to be one of the finest efforts by any devotee to evince the allegiance to Lord. The Meera Mahal has paintings all over it and the cumulative effect of these excellent paintings has to be seen to be believed. Ranjit singh constructed the Mahal (Palace) and its temple containing lok devtas, and gurus. Jal Mahal Jal Mahal (Water Palace) is a unique concept visualized and implemented with an aim to provide the queens (yes many of them) and princesses with a hidden swimming pool. The fort has two swimming pools. Jal Mahal which is an underground pool is royal in every aspect with its supercilious cloisters and arcades. The fort is now a Heritage hotel and provides an opportunity to its customers to saturate in these pools and envisage the imperial beauties that have owned and exploited it. The marvel however doesn't end here. Apparently the pool is also capable of controlling the water temperature. Sabha Prakash The Sabha Prakash (Illumination Meeting) used to be the formal chambers for meetings and for holding court to interact with the citizen. Many critical decisions for welfare and dispute settlement have been delivered from the main hall. The hall itself is decorated exquisitely and is adorned with polished walls that are imaginatively strewn with semi precious pebbles and shingles that are intricately inlayed. The decoration of the Sabha Prakash has been specifically done keeping in mind the exhaustive exposure it would have to the public eye. The decoration marginally shifts towards the Shekhavati style, however, it must be said that most of the decoration is unique to the Kuchaman Fort. Lok Dev Temple Built by Ranjit Singh, this temple showcases paintings of Lok Devatas like Sant Gogaji, Baba Ram Dev, Sant Ravi Das and Sant Kabir.

China Pole Complete with intricately painted interiors, this pole was constructed by a Chinese traveler who wanted to narrate his travel experiences in a unique way. Kuchera Kuchera is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Kuchera had a population of 19,563. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kuchera has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 32%. In Kuchera, 25% of the population is under 6 years of age... Ladnu Ladnun ( ) is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Ladnun ( ) Contents Introduction/ History/ Famous personalities/ Heritage and religious places/ Nearest tourist places/ Some famous fairs/ Climate & rainfall/ Existing infrastructure/ Road/transportation/ Industries/ Spiritual and yoga centers/ Agricultural resources/ Geography/ Demographics/ Holy Saint/ Villages in Ladnun tehsil Introduction Ladnun is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan, it is also tehsil headquarter and subdivision. Ladnun Tehsil have [139 village] all are revenue producing village Nimbi Jodha, Kasumbi and Sunari are biggest villages and have 32 sarpanch more than 100 panch, Ladnun has M.L.A seat under Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha and it come under Nagaur Lok Sabha seat. Ladnun have 32 elected ward members in Ladnun Municipality. Ladnun has one Panchayat Samiti, Tehsil and sub-division offices. Ladnun have one S.D.M.(CJ) Court and a stadium. Ladnun is officially known as Ladnun. It was earlier known as Chanderi Nagari, it is 380 km west of Delhi and 225 km north-west of Jaipur. Its population approx. 57,047 as of 2001 India census. It is situated 329 m high from the mean sea level. Its is situated between 27 39' 0" north latitude and 74 23'-1" east longitude. It is surrounded by good natural and cultural heritage. The city is heading towards spiritual tourist city. Famous Jain Vishva Bharati Institution (founded by Acharya Tulsi in 1970) situated here. In Jain Vishva Bharati yoga and meditation camps for attitudinal change, behavioral modification and integrated development of personality in Ladnun, Rajasthan. History Glorified by the bards, the history of Ladnun finds mention even in the Mahabharata. The kingdom of Shishupala and after then Mohil Chauhan conquered it in the beginning of the 12th century BC.In 16th century AD king of Jodhpur, Maldeo Rathore, annexed Ladnun and ruled before the merger of the states Ladnun was a part of erstwhile Jodhpur state. Historical Monuments: Among the four famous dargahs of Ladnun the most ancient one is that of dargah Umarshahpir, which has the inscription of the year Hizri 772.Thus, we come to know that it was built before the year Hizri 772. The Jami mosque, the oldest of the fourteen known mosques, was originally built with monolithic beams and brackets on an Arab-type plan and consisting of a colonnade round a courtyard, in the Ghurid Of Khalji period, was restored during the period of Firoz Shah, nephew of Muhammad-bin-Tughluq. The ancient Digambar Jain Bara mandir, situated in the heart of the city, had the idol of the deity Saraswati,one of the finest of that time. It has the inscription of the year 1229 AD. It has magnificent temple houses, several artistic and rare idols of Jain Tirthankar, beautiful images, engraved pillars, rare pieces of art and old jaina dharma manuscripts. The Mool mandir, situated within it, is 10 feet deep inside the Earth and in its lowest floor there is a beautiful idol of Lord Shantinath ji. On the crown of the Lord Shantinath an inscription clearly indicates that the temple is build on Aashaadha Sukla 8, Samvat 1136. This shows that the temple is more than 1000 years old. In the second vedica chamber, there is an idol of second Thirthankar Bhagwan AjitnathJI. This idol is 74x60 cm in dimension and made of marble. An inscription on the idol is found of Baisak Sukla 13, Sanwat 1209. In front of Bhagwan Ajitnathji idol there is also a marble door with two pillars. The two pillars are decorated with artistic jaina images. In art gallery there are 166 marble an idol of Bhagwan Rishabhadeva made of brown dtone, and two idols of bhagwan Parshvanath with nine headed serpents. An beautiful image of Bhagwan Neminath ji is also found in art fallery. Several other images made of metals are found in digging in the nearby areas of Ladnun are placed in this art gallery. This temple is built and repaired several times but its magnificence, beauty, purity and calmness is preserved through ages. Ladnun has also witnessed the valour of Great Amarkot(Rathore) who challenged the mighty Mughal Empire. The town of Ladnun in the district has gained its place on the map of the country being the headquarters of the famous Jain Vishva Bharati which has become a centre of spiritual learnings and knowledge under the leadership of Acharya Tulsi, a great Jain saint, who has propagated the philosophy of ANUVRAT in order to enlighten people in this re of the country. Ach ry Tulsis birthpl ce w s lso L dnun nd he w s w rded Indir G ndhi Award for National Integration in 1993-94. Famous personalities Emperors Ararmal, Bhojraj and Rao Jaisingh. Great freedom fighter Surajsingh (Surjan Bai) Rashtra Saint Acharya Tulsi, Saint kavi Govindram, Saint Sri Siddhasagar, Saith Ganpat Roa Sarawgi(Bhamasah of Ladnun), Sadhvi Pramukha Mahasramni Kanakprabha Heritage and religious places Jain Vishva Bharati Sukhdev Ashram Digambar Jain Bada Mandir Kabutarkhana Valour of Narsingh ji Valour of Amarkot Shaheed Ramanand Goushala Adinath Mandir Chandrasagar smarak Mandir Shantinath Mandir Charbhujanath Mandir Sadhvi Pannaji ki Samadhi Neelkanth Mahadev Mandir Karant Balaji Vir Balaji Mandir Hanuman Mandir Umarshah Gaji Dargah Ach ry Tulsis Birth Pl ce (2nd p tty) Arya Samaj Mandir Nearest tourist places Balaji Mandir on Dungar Hill - 9km

Pabolao - 2km Mangalpura Bagichi - 3km Peethwale Balaji - 2km Dronanchal Arham Ashram - 10km Venktesh Mandir, Sujangarh - 14km Singhi Mandir - 14km Tal Chhapar Sanctuary - 25km Salasar Hanuman Mandir - 37km Khimsar Fort - 120km Some famous fairs Gangaur Mela Sheetla Mata Mela Savaan Teej Mela Dasahra Festival Ramdevji Ka Mela Narsingh Chaturdas Pabolao Cattle Fair Climate & rainfall Ladnun has a dry climate with a hot summer. Sand storms are common in summer. The climate of the city is conspicuous by extreme dryness, large variations of temperature and highly variable rainfall. The mercury in the Mercury Barometer keeps on rising intensely from March till June. These are the hottest months. The maximum temperature recorded in the city is 47C with 0C as the lowest recorded temperature. The average temperature of the city is 23.5C. The winter season extends from mid November till the beginning of March. Rainy season is of a short during from July to mid September. The average rainfall in the city is 36.16 cm & 51.5% humidity. Existing infrastructure Educational: The city is having more than 20 Educational Institutions out of which one is University, one is Girls College and there are five Higher Secondary schools. Other schools are middle and primary schools. The main ones are the following: Jain Vishva Bharati University Mahavir Senior Secondary school J.B. Senior Secondary school Vimal Vidya Vihar Senior Secondary school Surajmal Bhutoria Balika Senior Secondary school Johri Government Senior Secondary school Health Facilities: The details of health facilities are as follows: Seth Ganpat Rai Saravagi Government Hospital Mangalam Hospital Raj Hospital, Teli Road Jain Matra shisu Nursing Home, Station Road M.N. Ghodavat Nursing Home, Didwana Road Aakash Hospital, Teli Road Phoolchand Saravagi Government Ayurvedic Hospital Sukhdev Netra Chikitsalya Amenities: The city has one Post Office and three sub post office and four Nationalized Banks. W ter: L dnun h s he vily deep underground w ter resources nd one government w ter supply office W ter works working under J.E.N. From Ladnun drinking water is supplied to more than 80 villages and towns. Electricity: The city is connected with electricity facilities. It has 33 kV and 132kV electric sub stations (G.S.) and one government electric supply office working under A.E.N. Road/transportation The roads are very narrow inside the city. It is connected with Sujangarh(12km) and Didwana(32km) By NH65 and Kishangarh-Hanumangarh Megahighway. Distance from Important Cities: Jaipur - 220km Udaipur - 500km Bikaner - 200km Jodhpur - 240km Delhi - 400km Buses Available from: Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Kuchaman, Ahmedabad, Indore, Delhi. Rail Network: The Rail lines of Delhi-Rewari-Ratangarh-Degana-Jodhpur passes through Ladnun station. At present work of gauge conversation from meter gauge to broad gauge is going on. It is the shortest route of railway to connect Delhi to Jodhpur. Nearest Railway Station: Nagaur - 97km Degana - 110km Kuchaman City- 98km Ajmer - 180km Jaipur - 216km Nearest Airport: Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi 287km Jaipur Airport 168km Jodhpur Airport 203km Udaipur Airport 341km Telecommunication: There is one Electronic Exchange with modern facilities. Industries

Agricultural machinery, wooden camel cart, textile hand printing and dying industry, kutir udyog (papar, bari, sweet saffron, etc.) and khadi and handloom made blanket and shawl industry and building materials. Stone industries are going to develop near by ladnun and village Sunari , stone cutting polishing and tile cutting industries. Spiritual and yoga centers Famous centers of Jainism are Jain Vishva Bharati and Jain Vishva Bharati Institute which are situated here. It is a school of thought; a centre if spirituality and purification; a society of Ahimsa; a treasure of tranquility; an abode of humanity on earth. Yoga: Yoga is not only a physical exercise. It is a science, which develops personality, leads a person to harmony, peace , concentration and balance. It helps to practice meditation. Pranayam: Pranayam is the advanced technique of stilling the breath. It helps to achieve a calm, blissful and focused mind. It balances left and right hemispheres and is important in preparation for meditation. Kayotsarg: Kayotsarg is a tool for self-purification and realization. It helps to reduce physical, motional, mental, intellectual stress and anxiety. In this age of stress and tension, Kayotsarg leads to a happy, peaceful and contended life. Anupreksha: Anupreksha is full concentration on a single competition. This is an efficient process of ascertaining the reality. Ancient philosophers and seers used this tools extensively for realizing the Truth. Mantra Meditation: Mantra Meditation is a powerful ancient practice. It affects the chemistry of the body and mind. Mantra Meditation awakens consciousness and enlightenment. Preksha Meditation: Preksha Meditation is apath of self awakening and self realization. It helps to connect with your soul at its most profound level, achieve a state of super consciousness and increased concentration. The process of meditation puts you in touch with enlightenment, peace of mind and simple clarity. Agricultural resources Agriculture is the main occupation of a majority of the population of the Ladnun tehsil. Major crops: Bajra, wheat, jowar, til, barley and pulses are the major crops of Ladnun. Rabi crops are usually sown in November whereas Kharif crops are sown with the beginning of the first rains in July. Geography L dnu is loc ted t 273900N 742300E / 27.6500N 74.3833E / 27.6500; 74.3833.[1] It has an average elevation of 328 metres (1079 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Ladnu had a population of 57,047. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Ladnu has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 49%. In Ladnu, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.ladnun tehsil's biggest village is Nimbi jodha which is 14 km from ladnun Ladnu is also famous for the number of graduates it produces from Bits-Pilani, each year. Alumni of Bits Pilani like Piyush Agarwal, Abhishek Reddy both hail from Ladnu. Renowned auto drivers like MEsa, Automesa have their roots in Ladnu. Holy Saint Jain Vishva Bharati University, Ladnun, that houses the Tulsi Adhyatma Needem Acharya Tulsi (October 20, 1914-June 23, 1997) was a Jainist Acharya (an ascetic). He was the founder of the Anuvrata and the Jain Vishva Bharti Institute, Ladnun and the author of over one-hundred books. The son of devout Jain traders, Tulsi was born in 1914 in Ladnun, India to Jhumarmal Khated and Vadana Ji. Acharya Kalugani, the family guru, greatly influenced Tulsi, later recalling: "His divine face fascinated my heart and I used to gaze at him for hours." Tulsi took his monk's vows at age 11 with remarkable dedication, and by the time he was 16, he had already started attracting acolytes. In 1936, Kalugani nominated Tulsi to be his successor, making him head of Terapanth group. Through his oversight, he initiated more than 776 monks and nuns. Maharishi Kanishk Sharma took vows at the age of 6. He was the follower of Acharya Tulsi and was gifted with unparalleled knowledge in the field of Mathematics and Instrumentation. Makrana Contents: - Geography/ Economy/ Mining/ Demographics Makrana is a town in the Nagaur district of Indian state of Rajasthan. Makrana is famous for the white stone as marble mined from the mines around it. It is said that the Taj Mahal was built from Makrana marble. Makrana is a small town, but it has plenty of marble outcrops. Most of the residents in this town work as marble miners. Geography M kr n is loc ted t 2703N 7443E / 27.05N 74.72E / 27.05; 74.72[1]. It has an average elevation of 408 metres (1338 feet). Economy The town is well linked to railroads and other forms of transportation. Known for its white marble reserves, Makrana is a small town in Nagaur district, with a deposit of 56 million tonnes and 40,000 labourers working in 400 mines in the several ranges of the Aravallis. Makrana, along with Rajsamand, are the main centres of marble in Rajasthan. Calcitic in nature, Makrana Marble is regarded as the oldest in age and finest in quality[1]. The present rate of marble production from Makrana is 1.20 lakh tonnes per year with an annual revenue of Rs 36 crore. Makrana is source of employment to at least 1 Lac people of about 100 surrounding villages. The famous Victoria Memorial of Kolkata, the world famous Taj Mahal in Agra, Raudat Tahera in Mumbai and Jain Temple of Dilwara in south Rajasthan are built from Makrana Marble. Mining Makrana has various mining ranges, popularly known as Doongri, devi, Ulodi, Saabwali, Gulabi, Kumari, Neharkhan, Matabhar, Matabhar kumari, Chuck doongri, Chosira etc. Doongri, devi, Saabwali, Ulodi, Chosira and Neharkhan are famous for white marble, whereas Ulodi is famous for Albeto Marble. These mines produce white-brown belt beautiful marble. Gulabi stands for pink plain and pink Adanga marble whereas almost all mines produce Adanga marbles with brown and grey sheds. Makrana marble is a metamorphic rock. It is a single deposit in India. The Makrana marble has 90 to 98 percent CaCo3.[citation needed] Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Makrana had a population of 83,289. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Makrana has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 44%. In Makrana, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. Merta City Contents:- Demographics/ Famous residents/ History Merta City is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The Mirabai Smarak at Merta City Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Merta City had a population of 40,252. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Merta City has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 48%. About 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Merta City is a holy city for Hindus as it is the birth place of Meera bai the famous Devotee of Lord Krishna. Famous residents Merta city is also known for its great Medatiya (Mertiya) Rathores like Rao Duda, Jaimall, Ratan Singh etc. City also boasts of a very famous temple of Lord Krishna and Meera Bai; City is situated On National Highway 89 (Ajmer To Bikaner), closest airport: Jodhpur Airport Medatiya Thikana Kuchaman, Maroth, Parbatsar, Bhakari, Balunda Badnore, Badu, Budsu. Manana. Ghaneroav. Rao duda is founder of medatiya rathore clan Rao Duda have issue 5 son one 1. rao viramdev 2.Raisal 3.Raimal 4.Ratan Singh Have issue One Daughter Meera Bai 5. Panchayan. After Rao Duda Veeramdev get medata & Ajmer State. After Rao Viramdev have issue Jaimal Rao Jaimal issue 14 son. One of them Rao Keshodas He is last ruler of Medata have issue Girdhardas get Parbatsar Jageer Have issue Gajadhar have issue Shyam Singh get Badu Jageer have issue Akhey Singh Get Budsu. Akhey Singh Have issue 12 son 1 Amar Singh Get Manana Thikana 2 Surat Singh Get Budsu.3 Padam Singh Get Chindaliya 4 Indera Singh Get Raithliya 5 Nawal Singh get Barwali 6 Rai Singh get Dhildhani. After Padam Singh have issue Chand Singh Have Issue Sawai Singh have issue Sadul Singh he is Kamdar of Budsu Thikana have issue Sheyoji Singh have issue Sanwat Singh have issue Mohan Singh have issue Hanuwant Singh Have issue 1 Dashrath Singh 2 Umed Singh 3 Bhagwan Singh. Most Important An old Yogi known as Mouniji or Mouni Maharaj established an ashram in Merta in the early 1950s. He later established a school in the ashram for impoverished children. Though Mouni Maharaj's origins were unknown it is believed he came down from the Himalayan regions of Kashmir in the early 1930s, travelling throughout India until his arrival in Merta. He practiced Raja Yoga and initially spent his days in solitary meditation. He was well loved by many citizens of Merta who became his devotees. In his later years he was visited by many westerners, especially the students of Sufi Shaikh Abdullah Isa Neil Dougan.[2] From 1995 he began to travel regularly throughout Rajasthan and the Punjab, visiting and helping the thousands of people who by that time considered him their Guru. Mouni Maharaj died in 2007 at an estimated age of 105 years. History After Rau Duda ruler of Medata Rau Viramdev ruler of Medata & Ajmer. His second son Rau Jaimal was very Breve. Jaimal defended Chitor against Akbar and ballads of his bravery are still sung in Rajasthan, Hariyana, UP, and Punjab. Chitoregarh Rana Udai Singh some difficult position left Chitorgarh fort and give a charge of Chitorgarh Rau Jaimal Medatiya Senapati of Chitore. After Jaimal his second son Rau Keshodas become a ruler of Medata. He is last ruler of Medata. After Keshodas his son Girdhardas get Parbatsar jageer have issue Gajadharji after Gajadharji have issue Shyam Singh get badu thikana, & Shyam Singh have issue Akhey Singh. He is Thakur of Budsu Thikana Jageer of 22 Revneu Village. Thakur Akhey Singh & his vanshaj called Akeysingot Medatiya sub clan. Akhey singh have issue 12 son 1 Amar Singh is elder son get Manana Thikna.second son surat singh get budsu thikana. One of son Padam Singh get Chindaliya in Nagour have issue One Son Chand Singh have issue six son 1- Sahib Singh 2 Sabal Singh 3 Sawai Singh 4- Roop Singh 5Sujan Singh 6-Dungar Singh. Sawai Singh- have issue Six Son 1- Devi Singh 2 Kayam Singh 3 Dule Singh 4- Sadul Singh have issue 1- Shyoji Singh 2 Om Singh 3 Hameer Singh Shyoji Singh have issue 2 son 1- Partap Singh 2- Sawant Singh have issue One son Mohan Singh have issue one son Hanuwant Singh have issue 3 son 1- Dashrath Singh 2- Umed Singh 3- Bhagwan Singh. Dashrath Singh have issue two son 1 Prahlad Singh 2 Narendra Singh. Umed Singh have issue only one son Tribhuwan Singh. Bhagwan Singh have issue three son 1 Vishavjeet Singh 2 Rajyavardhan Singh 3 Yashvardhan Singh. Prahlad Singh have issue Pratham Singh Mundwa Contents:- Geography/ Demographics Mundwa is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Mundw is loc ted t 2704N 7349E / 27.07N 73.82E / 27.07; 73.82[1]. It has an average elevation of 335 metres (1099 feet). There are four Talabs on all the four directions of Mundwa. Names of these Talabs are Gyantalav Lakholav Pokhandi Motelav Dedaahni Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Mundwa had a population of 16,004. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Mundwa has an average literacy rate of 47%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 61%, and female literacy is 33%. In Mundwa, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.The city of Marwar-Mundwa was established by Mundel (Parihar) gotra of Jat,the former rulers of Mandore (Head Quarters of Marwar Riyasat, near Jodhpur)in 7th to 13th century. Nawa Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Villages in Nawa tehsil Nawa is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography N w is loc ted t 2701N 7500E / 27.02N 75.0E / 27.02; 75.0[1]. It has an average elevation of 369 metres (1210 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Nawa had a population of 18,226. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nawa has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 56%. In Nawa, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Villages in Nawa tehsil * Abas* Abhaypura * Adaksar * Ajeetpura * Anandpura * Asanpura* Aspura * Bajna * Bangarh * Banwali* Baori * Baralpura* Barjan * Batliya * Begpura * Bhagwanpura * Bhairupura * Bhanwarpura* Bhanwata * Bhatipura* Bhawanipura * Bheenchron Ka Bas * Bheevpura * Bhilal* Bhooni* Bijapura * Budhdeopura* Butinathpura * Chak Daron Ka Ba* Chandpura * Charanwas* Charanwa* Chawandiy *

Chhapr * Chitaw * Chosla* Dabsi* Danpura* Daron Ka Bas * Daulatpura* Dediya Ka Ba * Deeppur * Deol * Deoli Kalan * Deonagar* Deonagar* Depur* Deusar* Dhooton Ki Dhani* Gandhi Gram* Gauravpur * Gawariya * Gharwani* Ghatw* Gogo * Gopal Pura* Govindi* Gugarwa * Gurha Rajawata * Gurha Sal * Hanumanpura * Hanumanpura * Haripura* Haritpur * Hariya Joon * Hirani* Hudeel* Indal* Indokh * Jabdi Nagar* Jasran* Jaswantpur* Jawanpur * Jeejo * Jeenwar* Jiliya* Joshipura* Kakot* Kaliyawas* Kaloli* Kanchanpura* Kankariya * Kanpura* Kansera* Kantiya* Karker * Kasari* Keriyawa * Kerpur* Khakharki* Khardapura* Khardiya* Khariy * Khoranda* Khorandi* Khushiya* Kokpura* Kooni* Kotr* Kuchaman City* Kukanwali* Lakhanpura* Lakhji Ka Ba * Lala* Lamba* Lichana* Lohrana* Loonwa* Lora Ka Ba* Lorpura* Maharajpura* Mandawara* Mangalpura* Manglod* Manji Ki Dhani * Manpura* Maroth* Matasukha* Meethr * Minda* Mohanpura* Moondgaso* Moonpur* Moti Ram Ki Dhani* Motipura* Muwana * Nagwara* Nalot* Nanana* Narayanpura* Narsinghpura* Nawa (M),* Naya Bas* Nehru Nagar* Nolasiy* Nonpur* Ompur* Palara* Palri* Panchot* Panchwa* Panwar* Parewadi* Pipral * Prempura * Purohiton Ka Bas* Rajas* Rajliya* Rajpura* Ramnagar* Rampura* Rampu* Ranasar* Ranw* Rasal* Rewasa Dalelpura* Riksa* Rooppur* Rughnathpur* Sabalpur* Samoton Ka Ba* Sanwatgarh* Saranpur * Sardarpura* Sargoth Padampura* Sawaipura* Shekhawatpura* Sherpura* Sheshma Ka Bas* Shimbhoopura* Shiv* Shivdanpura* Shivpurvi* Shrawanpura* Shri Nagar* Shyamgar * Sidiya* Sindhupura* Sirs* Solay* Sujanpur* Suratpura* Takiya* Thathan* Thikariya Kalan* Thikariya Khurd* Tirsingiy * Todas* Torda* Udaipur* Ugarpura* Ukhamasar* Ulana* Vijai Nagar Parbatsar Parbatsar is a city and a municipality in Nagaur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Parbatsar had a population of 13,790. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Parbatsar has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 47%. In Parbatsar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.is known for cattle fair.name of cattle fair is veer teja cattle fair. Parbatsar got its name from Parbatshah Zawar who built this township in 1536. Parbatshah Zawar was born in this area while his mother was undergoing forced separatation. She gave birth to a child while she was on her way to father's family.( The name Zawar is often spelt with lot of variations such as Zamwar, Jhawar, Jhanwar, Zaver etc.)Parbatshah Zawar was raised by his mother. After spending some time in village Ghad panval a nearby village. Parbatshah expanded his business. He got top position in Mughal Darbar. In the cource of life he founded the new township. Later on this township got its name Parbatsar. The Mughal Darbar recognised his work and he got the title of 'Modi'. Late Shankarset Zawar of Jalgaon city of Maharashtra took his life mission to do research in the origin of Zawars. The above content is based on the research done by Shankarset Zawar. -Ramesh Zawar, senior journalist, Thane Maharashtra Tonk district Contents:- History /Pilgrim Places/ Administrative set-up/ Industry Tonk District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Tonk is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is bounded on the north by Jaipur District, on the east by Sawai Madhopur District, on the southeast by Kota District, on the south by Bundi District, on the southwest by Bhilwara District, and on the west by Ajmer District. History Nawabi Nagari 'Tonk' is famous not only in Rajasthan but also all over India for its historical legends. It is situated on National Highway No. 12 at distance of 100 km from Jaipur. It is located in North- Eastern part of the state between 75.19' & 76.16 East longitude and 25.41' and 26.24' North Latitude. The total area of the District is 7194 km2. As per the history, Jaipur's King Man Singh conquered Tari & Tokra Janpad in the regime of Akbar. In 1643 twelve village of Tokra janpad given to Bhola Brahmin. Later Bhola gave a name to these twelve villages as 'Tonk'. It is surrounded by 5 districts i.e. in north Jaipur, in South Bundi & Bhilwara, in East Ajmer and in West Sawaimadhopur districts. Average rain fall is 62 mm. Agriculture and animal husbandry are the main occupation of the people. The history of Tonk is very old as it is connected with Bairath culture & civilization. Tonk has been called Rajasthan ka Lucknow, Adab ka Gulshan, Romantic poet Akhtar Shreerani ki Nagri, Meethe Kharboojo ka Chaman, Hindu Muslim Ekta ka Maskan and as result of which Tonk could keep an isolated status in Rajasthan. During the regime of Nawabs all the native were invited in an Islamic function of Miladdunabi without caste, color and greed, which was organised by the ruling Nawabs for the period of seven days in the month of Rabiul Awwal, collectively with all zeal in Tonk. It is further important to mention here that the first founder ruler of Tonk was Nawab Mohammed Amir Khan. It is known as SAMWAD LAKSHYA in Mahabharat period. In the regime of Mouryas, it is under mouryas then it was merged in to Malvas. Most of the part was under Harsh Vardhan. As per HEVAN SANG, tourist of China, it was under Bairath State. In the regime of Rajputs, the parts of this state are under Chavras, Solankis, Kachvahs, Sisodiyas and Chouhans. Later, it was under the regime of King Holkar and Sindhia. In 1806, Amir Khan conqurred it from Balvant Rao Holkar. Later, British government gained it from Amir Khan. As per the treaty of 1817, British government returned it to Amir Khan. Tonk was founded in 1818 by an Afghan military leader who was granted land by the ruler of Indore. Pilgrim Places * Tonk Jama Masjid * Arabic Persian Research Institute * Sunhari Kothi * Lord Devnarayan temple Jodhpuriya * Shri Kalyan Ji mandir Diggi * Mandakala (Nagarfort) A mini pushkar and A pond At here, Puratan shbyata ( khera ) is here. * Doonija mandir * Jal devi mandir * Kalpvriksh of Balunda * Jain Temples * Badri Nath temple * Dadabadi temple[1] SUNAHARI KOTHI It is situated near Bada Kuwa on Najar Bagh road in Tonk City. Inside the Kothi, the walls are golden polish. It is also kwow n s Shishm h l. One can see the Diamonds and glasses, paintings, flowers, PACHHIKARI & MEENAKARI works on the w lls. Govt. h s published it in the Gazzette for making it a Historical Place. Renovation work is going on for preserving this monument. RASIYA KE TEKRI Appointed by raja holkar, as a governor of this place Shri Ambaji Maharaj, a schooler ,known for composing love songs , renovated Rasia Ki Tekri in 1859. As per the local history, one Kayasth lover used to sit here and always sing love songs. On account of this romance (rasiya), this monument is called by the n me of RASIYA KE TEKRI. BISALPUR

It is located about 70 km from District HQ. and 13 km from Deoli tehsil head quarter. One can visit the beautiful Dam and historical LORD GOKARNESWAR temple. As per the loc l history, R v n h s m de t p sy ' here. D m was constructed between two mountains on Banas river. Here, river banas splits the Aravali mountains. Its catchment area is 27,725 km2. The project is to be completed in two phases. In first phase, it will provide drinking water and in second phase irrigation facilities through the canals. The total length of the Dam will be 574 meters and the height is 39.50 meters. HATHI BHATA It is about 22 km from district Hq. 5 km from this place, one can find a monument of Elephant. Single stone was carved in to the shape of an elephant. It was made by Ram Nath Slat during the regime of Sawai Ram Singh in 1200 AD. This evidence is written on the right ear of that Elephant. Even today you can read this script. HISTORICAL GHANTA GHAR This was constructed by Mohd. Sadat Ali Khan, Nawab of Tonk in 1937. As per the local history, in 1936, public suffered from the discease HAIZA. Nawab Sadat Ali Khan, 5th Nawab of Tonk distributed medicines house to house personally. Public appreciated this and presented money to him. He constructed this monument with the amount. JAMA MASJID This monument is was one of the biggest masjid's and the most beautiful monuments in India. This was started by First Nawab of Tonk, Nawab Amir Khan in 1246 A.D and was completed from 1297 A.D. to 1298 A.D. by his first son Nawab Wzirudhoula. 4 Minars of this monumnet can be seen from a long distance. Four big doors are constructed in the Moughal style. The main part of the monumnet resembles Delhi & Agra Moughal syle monuments. One can find the Golden paintings & Meenakari on the walls. RAJAMAHAL The 'Sangam' of three rivers Banas, Khari & Dai attracts the tourists. This Mahal is located at bank of banas river. There is good heritage hotel that provides accommodation to the tourists. One can enjoy the boati ng in D h of S l m Singh'. M ny n tion l nd intern tion l tourists who visited this place praised the beauty of this place. It is just 10 km from Bisalpur.One can see the Raj Mahal constructed on a big mountain at Kakor. This Mahal attracts the tourists. In olden days, this village is known by KANAKPURA. SHIVAJI GARDEN It is situated in Bhagat Singh Colony, Newai Town about 30 km from Tonk Hq. It is located on the National Highway, 70 km far from Jaipur. Its area is around 16 Bighas and constructed cost is approximately 1 Crore. Its map is designed like Maisoor Gardens & Hiran Magari Park. Musical fountains are arranged in this garden. Swimming Pool for children also there. OLd Name" Dhara Nagari " A Big pond is here, And rajaji is historical place is here, very old and historical Temple like shyam mandir , charbuja mandir,gouttam mandir,mata mandir ,Panchkuiya balaji mandir vary popular temples are there. a puratan sabyata khera near at rajaji mandir, a mini pond where surrounding with all religion temple and MANDAV rishi tapo bhumi is here tahts call MINI pushkar of rajasthan, a Big fair in karitik purnila orgenize by Nagarfort Panchyat at Mandkala. Adrash Bhawan hathai ka mohlla Nagar fort TOnk Rajasthan Jaipur Administrative set-up There are 7 sub-divisions and tehsils: Deoli, Malpura, Niwai, Todaraisingh, Tonk, Uniara and Peeplu. Tonk is Nagar-Parishad while Deoli, Malpura, Niwai, Todaraisingh and Uniara are Nagar-Palikas. There are 1093 villages in the district according the census 2001. Industry There are many sandstone mines in the Tonk District. The town of Deoli of is the biggest producer of sandstone in the district. Deoli, Deoli is a city and a municipality in Tonk district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Demographics As of 2007[update] India census[1], Deoli had a population of 30,023. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Deoli has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77% and female literacy is 61%. In Deoli, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. deoli was establised as british chavni around 1850s.it was one of the 6 british chavnis in rajasthan.during 1857 revolt tatiya tope came here . Malpura Contents:- Geography/ HISTORY/ Demographics Malpura is a city and a municipality in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Malpura is known for its Dadabadi, built by the Khartargach Sect of Shewtambar Jain in memory of 3rd Dada Gurudev Shri Jinkushalsurishwarji. Geography M lpur is loc ted t 2617N 7523E / 26.28N 75.38E / 26.28; 75.38[1]. It has an average elevation of 132 metres (401 feet). Distance from Jaipur 90 km, Malpura is Also Knows for AVIKANAGAR - 4 KM from Malapura. It is world famous for CSWRI ( Central sheep and wool research institute). HISTORY 1. Main Thikana's (Ruling Family's .Jagirdars ) 2. Mehru 3. Nimera 4. khera 5. Tilanju 6. kerwaliya 7. Diggi 8. Bhashu 9. Mor 10. Tordi Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Malpura had a population of 27,242. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Malpura has an average literacy rate of 42%, lowerer than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 43%, and female literacy is 41%. In Malpura, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Places to be visited are Onn mataji temple and Diggi kalyan ji temple. McCube Technologies which is leading Software Company in World is also located MALPURA. Kasim Ziya is CEO of this company belong form Malpura itself the McCube Working in 3 Country. Newai Niwai is a city and a municipality in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is bound in the north by Jaipur, in the east by Sawai Madhopur, in the south by Bundi and Bhilwara districts and in the west by Ajmer district. How to reach Air: The nearest airport is at Jaipur (70 km)

Rail: There are three main routes in tonk district and one of them across the eastern area of Niwai tehsil only. Road: The total road length of Tonk district is 1,105 km. National Highway No.12 (Jaipur-Jabalpur) passes through Niwai, Tonk and Deoli panchayat samitis for a distance of 111 km. There are good many numbers of buses running to/from the district. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Niwai had a population of 31,355. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Niwai has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 51%. In Niwai, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Pilgrim places Devnarayan bhagawan's Temple Jodhpuriya. Bhagawan Devnarayan was son of king Sri Sawai Bhoj Gurjar (one of the 24 brave Gurjar brothers known as Bagaravat) and Saadu Maata Gurjari. Shivagi Park located in newai. Ashram of Dadudayal located in jamat, newai. Ractanchal parvat and many old sadhus are living here. the peaceful enviornment. Todaraisingh Todaraisingh is a city and a municipality in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Todaraisingh had a population of 21,203. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Todaraisingh has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 42%. In Todaraisingh, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Jain's are the most influential business community in Todaraisingh, has 10 historic temples, specially teample of Shree Adinath Bhagwan, which holds very old & charismatic Idol of Adinath bhagwan. NGO's (like Bharat Vikas Parishad, currently headed by Mr. Inder Mal Agrawal) are also working to propser the minorities, old age people, schools etc. through camps, charities & cultural programmes. Todaraisingh is historical place and has almost 300 years old Palace & other histotic monuments. It is famous for four things- Ghatti (used in flour mill), Patti (use in building, houses), Bawdi (small well) & Dawdi (Beautiful girls).In ancient time It was as good as other big regional powers. TodaRaiSingh Town Surrounded by hills, the picturesque town of Toda Raisingh is situated in Tonk district. It is an ancient town of archaeological significance. In earlier times, it was also known as Takshakagadha or Takshakpur, Todapattan, Ishtikapur, etc. Founded by the Nagas in or around 4th century, this town was also ruled by Yuhilas of Chatsu and Chauhans of Ajmer. In 15th & 16th centuries, it was the capital of Solanki Rajputs. The town got its present name from Rail Singh Sisodia, the famous ruler of this place. He was a Mughal 'Mansoobdar' during the reign of Shahjahan. Toda Rai Singh is blessed with glorious historical past as well as rich cultural heritage. It has a number of places of tourist interest. Prominent among them are - Hadi Rani Ki Baori (kund), Raja Rai Singh's Mahal, Isar Baori, Bhopat Baori and beautiful temples of Kalyanji, Raghoraiji, Gopinathji, Govinddeoji, etc. Bijolia inscription of V.E. 1226 suggests that Toda Rai Singh was a popular centre of Jainism. Hathi- Bhata Hathi Bhata mean Stone elephant is big attraction for tourist in Tonk district. Situated at 30 km on Tonk- Sawai Madhopur Road from Tonk it is carved from a single stone and bigger than real elephant. Tonk Tonk is a town in Rajasthan state, India. The town of Tonk is situated 1462 ft. above sea-level, 100 km (60 miles) by road south from Jaipur, near the right bank of the Banas River. It is the administrative headquarters of Tonk District. Tonk was also the capital of the eponymous princely state of British India from 1817 to 1947. Contents :- Demographics/ See also Demographics In the 2001 Indian census[1], Tonk had a population of 135,663. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Tonk has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 63%, and female literacy is 43%. In Tonk, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. See also * Tonk (princely state) * Sunehri Kothi, Tonk Tonk was a princely state of India which by treaty in 1817 accepted British suzerainty. Following the Partition of India in 1947, Tonk acceded to the newly independent Union of India. It was located in the region that is now the Tonk district. Contents History/ The Salarzai rulers of Tonk/ See also History The founder of the state was Muhammad Amir Khan (1768-1834), a Muslim adventurer and military leader of Afghan descent. In 1817, upon submitting to the British East India Company, he received the territory of Tonk and the title of Nawab. While retaining internal autonomy and remaining outside British India, the state came under the supervision of the Rajputana Agency and consisted of six isolated districts. Three of these were under the Rajputana Agency, namely, Tonk, Aligarh (formerly Rampura) and Nimbahera. The other three, Chhabra, Pirawa and Sironj were in the Central India Agency. The total area of the princely state was 2553 sq. mi, with a total population in 1901 of 273,201. The town of Tonk, capital of the state, had a population of 38,759 in that year. The town was surrounded by a wall and boasted a mud fort. It had a high school, the Walter hospital for women, under a matron, and a separate hospital for men. The princely state enjoyed an estimated revenue of 77,000; however, no tribute was payable to the government of British India. Grain, cotton, opium and hides were the chief products and exports of the state. Two of the outlying tracts of the state were served by two different railways. A former minister of Tonk state, Sahibzada Obeidullah Khan, was deputed on political duty to Peshawar during the Tirah campaign of 1897. In 1899-1900, the state suffered much distress due to drought. Nawab Sir Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan GCIE (ruled 1867-1930) was one of few chiefs to attend both Lord Lytton's Durbar in 1877 and the Delhi Durbar of 1903 as ruler. In 1947, on the Partition of India whereby India and Pakistan gained independence, the Nawab of Tonk decided to accede to the Union of India. Subsequently, most of the area of the state of Tonk was integrated into the Rajasthan state, while some of its eastern enclaves became part of Madhya Pradesh. The foundation of the principality of Tonk led to the creation of a large Rajasthani Pathan community. The Salarzai rulers of Tonk * Muhammad Amir Khan 1798 - 1834 * Muhammad Wazir Khan 1834 - 1864 * Muhammad Ali Khan 1864 - 1867 * Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan 1867 - June 23, 1930 * Muhammad Sa'adat Ali Khan June 23, 1930 - May 31, 1947 Muhammad Amir Khan

Nawab Muhammad Amir Khan (17681834) was a leader, of Pashtun origin belonging to its Salarzai branch and the first ruler of the princely state of Tonk (in the present day Rajasthan state of India). He was the son of Hayat Khan and the grandson of Taleh Khan.He is often confused as a member of the Pindaris although he was a Pathan with his Pathan contingency. British colonial writers sometimes tended to confuse the Pathans as part of the Pindaris. He allied himself most closely with the Maratha rulers, Scindia and Holkar, on whose behalf he would set out to attack their enemies each November, after the monsoon rains. While the Pindaris tended to concentrate on the east and south central Hindustan, Amir Khan and his Pathans concentrated on the north and Rajasthan. At the height of his power, he is said to have controlled a personal following of 8,000 cavalry, 10,000 infantry and up to 200 guns. The largest contingent amongst the Pindari chiefs, by far. In return for their services, the Maratha rulers of Gwalior, Indore and Berar often conferred land grants on the Pindaris. By the early years of the nineteenth century, these yielded additional revenues of between Rs 800,000 and Rs 2 million per annum. Sometimes, they would 'refrain from plunder' on the payment of large financial indemnities from their intended prey. After the defeat of the Rohillas in the Rohilla War of 1774 5 against the British, he fought against them. He had acquired the town and pargana of Tonk and the title of Nawab from Yashwantrao Holkar in 1798, and this area together with some other scattered parganas that he held, was combined with the pargana of Rampura (Aligarh) and erected into a new principality. Ultimately he established his rule in Tonk in 1806. In 1817 the Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief, The Marquess of Hastings, resolved to extinguish the Pindaris whom they deemed a menace. The Treaty of Gwalior severed the link between them and Scindia. Moreover, the treaty required the latter to join forces with the British to eliminate the Pindaris and Pathans. Bowing to the inevitable, Amir Khan assiduously came to terms with the British, agreeing to disband his men in return for a large stipend and recognition as a hereditary ruler. Amir Khan was recognized as hereditary nawab, disbanded his forces and quietly settled down to consolidating his little state. He became a faithful friend to the British, earning praise and consideration from successive pro-consuls. Amir Khan died in 1834. He was succeeded by his son Muhammad Wazir Khan (r. 1834 1864). Muhammad Wazir Khan Muhammad Wazir Khan (reigned 18341864) was the second ruler of the princely state of Tonk (in the present day Rajasthan state of India). He was the son of Muhammad Amir Khan whom he succeeded. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 he allied himself with the British and repulsed rebels.[1] Sunehri Kothi, Tonk Sunehri Kothi (Mansion of Gold) is a magnificent hall in the city of Tonk in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The hall is within the old palace complex, whose walls and ceilings are one sumptuous expanse of enamel mirror-work, gilt and painted glass illuminated through stained-glass windows.The entire effect is that of an exquisite piece of enamel jewellery blown up to the size of a hall. It was built by Nawab Mohammed Ibrahim Ali Khan (1867-1930), the Nawab of Tonk, for poetry recitals, dance and music. Uniara Contents: - Geography/ Demographics/ rajasthan School of Painting Uniara is a city and a municipality in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Uni r is loc ted t 2555N 7601E / 25.92N 76.02E / 25.92; 76.02[1]. It has an average elevation of 266 metres (872 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Uniara had a population of 10,827. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Uniara has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 42%. In Uniara, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Uniara is located on National Highway No.116. Nearest Railway station is Sawai Madhopur, 39 km and district headquarter Tonk, 39 km. Nearest Airport is Jaipur, 136 km. Uniara is well connected from Jaipur, Kota, Bundi, Ajmer by road. Uniara is located at 136 km on the way to Ranthambhore National Park from State Capital of Rajasthan Jaipur. Near Uniara there is a place of tourist attraction at village 'Kheda' 15 km on the way from Uniara to tonk near village Kakod. At village 'Kheda' there is a real size elephant carved out of stone. There is a Heritage Palace at Uniara, city has some large Hindu Temples, worth visiting for their architecture. Best season to visit Uniara is October to February. rajasthan School of Painting Uniara had an important school of Indian painting in the 18th century that was an offshoot of the Bundi school. Prominent painters, who served under the ruler Sirdar Singh, included Dhano and Mira Bagas (Mir Baksh). Vanasthali Vanasthali is a census town in Tonk district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Vanasthali had a population of 6676. Males constitute 31% of the population and females 69%. Vanasthali has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 84%. In Vanasthali, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. See also Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali Vidyapith is an all woman's university located in the Tonk district of Rajasthan, India, 72 km from Jaipur. Over the last seventy three years Banasthali has developed into a National Centre for women's education. It is one of the five universities in India meant exclusively for Women. Aviation training at Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali Vidyapith is a center of learning for girls from nursery to post-graduate stage, offering them modern education without together with India's basic cultural and traditional values. It emphasizes a synthesis of the spiritual and scientific values of East and West. Contents * 1 History * 2 Courses o 2.1 PostGraduate Courses * 3 National institution for women's education * 4 Jaipur Campus * 5 Infrastructure and learning resources * 6 References * 7 External links History

On October 6, 1935 Ratan Shastri and Pandit Heera Lal Shastri founded Banasthali Vidyapith in memory of their daughter Shantabai and all the hostels of vidyapith are named after her like Shri Shanta Bhavan,Shri Shanta Niwas,Shri Shanta Kuteer.[1]. Courses University offers Under Graduate and Post Graduate courses in Science, Business, Computer Applications, Social Sciences and others. PostGraduate Courses * M.A. (Education, Economics, History, Political Science, Sociology, Sanskrit, Hindi, English, Drawing and Painting, Music (Instrumental/Vocal), Textile Design(Weaving/Printing). * M.Sc.(Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science+, Mathematical Sciences(Pure Mathematics/ Theoretical Computer Science/Operations Research/Statistics), Bio-Sciences(Animal Science/Plant Science), Biotechnology, Electroni , Bio-Informatics, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology). * Master of Business Administration (MBA) * Master of Computer Administration (MCA) * M.Tech. (Computer Science +/Software Engineering +/VLSI Design /Information Technology+). * M.Ed. * M.Sc. (Home Science) (Human Development, Foods Science & Nutrition, Clothing & Textile). * M.Phil. (Social Sciences and English Language Teaching, Hindi, Music (Vocal/ Instrumental), Mathematical Sciences). * Ph.D. ((Sanskrit, Hindi, English, Economics, History, Political Science, Sociology, Public Administration ,Music, Drawing & Painting, Computer Science, Electronics, Mathematics, Statistics, Physics, Bio-science, Biotechnology, Home-science (Human Development / Food Science and Nutrition n/ Clothing & Textile), Education, Management). b techfrom last three years it has started National institution for women's education B n sth lis educ tion progr mme ims t n ll-round development of the students person lity. To chieve its objective of synthesis of spiritual values and scientific achievements of the East and the West, there is a fivefold Educational Programme (Pachmukhi Shiksha) consisting of the following aspects: (i) Physical, (ii) Practical, (iii) Aesthetic, (iv) Moral and (v) Intellectual. The Vidyapith (Banasthali Vidyapith is now Banasthali University) has had virtual autonomy for its school programmes since the very beginning and was affiliated to an outside agency for its university programmes in 1983. On October 25, 1983 the Government of India, on the advice of the University Grants Commission, notified the Vidyapith as an Institution deemed to be University. The Vidyapith (Banasthali Vidyapith is now Banasthali University), after attaining the university status in 1983, restructured its undergraduate programme. That resulted into several inclusions such as dual honours. At the post-graduate level, the Vidyapith (Banasthali Vidyapith is now Banasthali University)introduced courses in Computer Science (covering both theoretical and application aspects), Operational Research, Electronics and Biotechnology. Teacher Education and Management were started in past ten to fifteen years. Recently new courses have been started such as M.Sc. (Bio-Informatics), M.Sc. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) and M.Sc. (Applied Microbiology). Along with professional programmes such as MBA and MCA, all PG Courses in the Faculty of Science also have a semester system. This model has been replicated in other disciplines as well. From 2004 all Social Science, Humanities and Home Science Post-graduate programmes are being run as semester courses. Fine Arts programmes are less attuned to this model but a semester system would provide ample scope for allowing large number of electives for the students. Jaipur Campus The Institute has started another campus at Jaipur since April, 2001 exclusively for Management(BBA,MBA) and IT(BCA,MCA,M.Tech) courses. Jaipur centre is equipped with labs, lecture rooms, library and a 512 kbit/s Internet leased line. Infrastructure and learning resources The Vidyapith is a residential institute. The Vidyapith has its own land of 850 acres (3.4 km) in which there are at present 18 academic blocks housing various departments, Central Library, auditorium offices. Being a residential institution it necessarily provides residential accommodation to all its staff and students. There re in ll 20 hostels nd more th n 220 st ff qu rters nd one Working womens Hostel with 72 se ts. The c mpus h s provision for games and sports programme. The Laxmi Bai maidan (26,690 sq. metres) is used for activities such as parade and annual fares. It also has a storage and projection room for cultural programmes and film shows. The Vidula Maidan (41,950 sq. metres) has fields for games such as Hockey, Volleyball, Basket Ball and Tennis and Yoga, Martial Arts and Mass Physical Display activities in addition, space for indoors games such as Badminton, Table Tennis etc. is also available. There is a swimming pool where students learn swimming as per specified schedule at nominal charges of Rs 2000 per annum. There is a licensed air strip of 50,191,418 square metres in the Vidyapith which is used for training the students in gliding and flying. This has been one of the activities introduced as early as 1960 even before Banasthali Vidyapith got University status. The Vidyapith has its own projector and arranges film shows and cultural programmes on a regular basis. The Central Library of the Vidyapith has over one and a half lakh volumes and is equipped with reprographic facility. The library is connected to the UGC INFLIBNET programme. In addition there are several department libraries catering to the needs of the respective departments linked through the Vidy piths C mpus network. The students nd f culty h ve ccess to internet vi 512 kbit/s BSNL le sed line, 5 12 kbit/s INFONET VSAT connectivity and a Campus wide network having its central server at the Apaji Institute. The network and Internet access have been extended to four hostels housing Postgraduate students where a Computer with network is provided in each room. This provides them unlimited opportunities to unleash the power of the Internet. A recent not ble ddition is Community FM R dio St tion in ugur ted s R dio B n sth li on J nu ry 9, 2005 which bro dc s ts educative and entertainment programmes locally recorded by the students and staff of Banasthali Vidyapith. It operates at 90.4 MHz and serves the campus and the community within a radius of 30 km around the Vidyapith. The Vidy pith h s its own hospit l, Ap ji Arogy M ndir with 60 beds, three doctors, one v idy ( n Ayurvedic physician) and other hospital staff. The hospital works round the clock throughout the year. The location and the Vidyapith being in the interior, it does not have any access to public hostels or guest houses. Round the year there are guests on Campus on University assignments and/or parents and guardians of the students and visitors who are provided accommodation in the guest house. Other services are made available on campus such as Post and Telegraph Office, PCOs and a Telephone Exchange, Banks Extension Counters, (United Commerci l B nk nd The Centr l Cooper tive Cooper tive B nk Ltd. Tonk), SBIs ATM Extension Counter M rket including Books and Stationery shops and Medical Stores. Dev Dham Jodhpuriya Dev Dham Jodhpuriya is a temple of God Shri Devnarayan.It is situated in Newai municipality of Tonk district, Rajasthan.The place is 75 km away from Jaipur on jaipur-kota national highway (NH-12). It is situated near Mashi dam, Manoharpura[1] in Newai municipality of Tonk district. Shri devnarayan is worshiped as incarnation of lord Vishnu.As tradition tells, He got incarnated in Vikram Samvat 968 as Son of Gurjar warrior Shri Sawai Bhoj Bagaravat and Saadu Maata Gurjari. Contents:- Festivals/ Statues/ Aarati and Night vigils

Festivals Every year two fairs are organised in memory of Lord Dev-Maharaj (Devnarayan Bhagawan). Statues A statue at Jodhpuriya of Sri Sawai Bhoj Gurjar, one of the 24 Gurjar brothers known as Bagaravat. The temple is decorated with various statues which includes the statue of cousins of God Devnarayan, Bhuna ji and Mehandu ji along with their half-sister Taradey panwar, Gurjar warrior Sri Sawai Bhoj, statue of child Devnarayan sitting in lap of Saadu Maata Gurjari, statue of the birth place of Lord Devnarayan-Maalasheri Doongari and Statue of Devnarayan Bhagawan drinking milk of lioness. Aarati and Night vigils Statue of Saadu Maata Gurjari With her son Shri Devnarayan at Jodhpuriya. Akhand Jyoti at night with images of mounted soldiers which reflect in red and white. Akhand Jyoti near Maasi Dam, Manoharpura. Aarati (major worship) of Devnarayan bhagawan daily happens thrice a day, first one at 4 am followed by 11 am and last one at 7 pm. Friday is the day when devotees from distant villages and cities come to visit the temple. Night-vigil (jaagirn) are organized by so many devotees specially on Friday night and almost every day in summer season. In fairs (2 fairs in a year,) Bhopas of Devnarayan bhagawan makes figures related to dev-maharaj's birth and his brave deeds on a Thali while dancing. Devnarayan bhagawan is worshiped almost by every section in rajasthan, specially Gurjars as being heirs and priests of lord Devnarayan. The following quote can be observed on every image of Sri Devnarayan: "Samvat 968 ke aansh, janam liya Gurjar ke vansh Sadhu sati ke vachno dwara,kamal phool Dev liya avatar." That means he incarnated in Gurjar dynasty in vikram samvat 968 (911 A.D.) to fulfill the promise he gave to Saadu maata Gurjari. Bagri Ki Dhani Manoharpura ( ) (also called Bagri ki Dhani), is famous for Mashi dam [1]. The village is situated near the Jodhpuriya temple of Devnarayan Bhagawan in the Tonk district of Rajasthan, India. The village is also known as Bagri ki Dhani as most of the Bagri ( ) clan of the Gurjar are living here. Notable personality * Shri Bhagwan ji Bagri, patel of the village and working for the welfare of the village. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatpur,_India Bharatpur district Contents:- Demographics/ History/ Keoladeo National Park/ Places to see Bharatpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Bharatpur is the district headquarters. The district has an area of 5,066 km. It is bounded by Rewari and Gurgaon districts of Haryana on the north, Mathura and Agra districts of Uttar Pradesh on the east, and the Rajasthan districts of Dholpur on the south, Karauli on the southwest, and Dausa and Alwar on the west. Three rivers, the Ban Ganga, Rooparel, and Gambhir, cross the district. The Ban Ganga originates in Jaipur District, passes through Dausa and Bharatpur districts to meet the Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh. The Gambhir River starts from Pachana Dam of Karauli District, and meets the Ban Ganga in Bayana tehsil. The Rooparel River starts from hills of Alwar District and enters the district in Kaman tehsil. Bharatpur District is famous for Keoladeo National Park, a major wintering area for migratory birds. Established as a duck-hunting reserve by the Maharajas of Bharatpur, it was known as the best duck shooting resort in the British Empire. The site was declared a bird sanctuary in 1956 and later upgraded to National Park. UNESCO has listed it as a world heritage site. Keoladeo National Park attracts 364 species of birds, including many from India, but also from Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Siberia, China and Tibet, including the rare Siberian Crane. As the monsoons arrive and the wetlands and marshes start to fill with water, birds start pouring into the park. Bharatpur (Hindi: ) is a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was founded by Maharaja Suraj Mal in 1733. Located in the Brij region, Bharatpur was once an impregnable, well-planned and well-fortified city, and the capital of Jats kingdom ruled by SinsinwarMaharajas.The trio of Bharatpur, Deeg and Dholpur has played an important part in the history of Rajasthan. Located 55 km west of the city of Agra (the city of the Taj Mahal) and 35 km from Mathura, it is also the administrative headquarters of Bharatpur District and also the headquarters of Bharatpur Division of Rajasthan. The Royal House of Bharatpur traces their history to the 11th Century AD. of this region are of most respected royal status in Rajasthan. Bh r tpur is loc ted t 2713N 7729E / 27.22N 77.48E / 27.22; 77.48[1]. It has an average elevation of 183 metres (600 feet). Bharatpur is also known as Lohagarh. Bharatpur is famous for its sweets which are well prepared here and there are a large number of shops here. There are more than 50 oil mills in Bharatpur due to mustard grown in large quantity in the surrounding areas. Demographics As of the 2001[update] Indian census[2], Bharatpur had a population of 304,560. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Bharatpur has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 75% and female literacy of 56%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. History Main article: History of Bharatpur The history of Bharatpur has immediate correlations with the history of Rajasthan. The town was named Bharatpur after Bharata, a brother of Lord Rama, whose other brother Laxman is the family deity of the erstwhile royal family of Bharatpur. The city and the fort of Bharatpur have been believed to be founded by Maharaja Surajmal in the early seventeenth century. He established a state in the Braj region south of Delhi, with its capital at Deeg. Leaders such as Gokula, Raja Ram, Churaman and Badan Singh brought together all the Jats and moulded them into a force to be reckoned with. Maharaja Suraj Mal was the state's greatest ruler; he made the state a formidable force in the region. During the British Raj, the state covered an area of 5,123 km and its rulers enjoyed a salute of 17 guns. The state acceded unto the Dominion of India in 1947. It was merged with three nearby princely states to form the "Matsya Union", which in turn was merged with other adjoining territories to create the present-day state of Rajasthan. Keoladeo National Park Main article: Keoladeo National Park Now declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, the duck-hunting reserve of the Maharajas is one of the major wintering areas for large numbers of aquatic birds from Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and Siberia. Some 364 species of birds, including the rare Siberian Crane, have been recorded in the park. The name "Keoladeo" is derived from the name of an ancient Hindu temple devoted to Lord Shiva in the sanctuary's central zone while the Hindi term "Ghana" implies dense, thick areas of forest cover. It is mainly famous for siberian crane. It was the only habitat of siberian crane in the world, other than siberia. Now with course of time, this endangered species has stopped reaching the park. Places to see Ganga Mandir Bharatpur * Keoladeo National Park

* Lohagarh Fort * Government Museum * Golbagh Palace * Moti mahal * Kishori Mehal * Laxmi Vilas Palace * Jawahar Burj * Fateh Burj * Ganga mandir * Laxman mandir * Vishwapriya shastri park * Bankebihari temple * Nehru Park Fairs and festivals * Braj Mahotsav * Jaswant exhibition * Gangaur * Teej Surrounding area * Deeg Fort * Gopal Bhavan * Laxman mandir [deeg] * Bayana Fort * Kailadevi Temple [teh-Bayana] * Temples at Kaman Keoladeo National Park The Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that sees (or saw) thousands of rare and highly endangered birds such as the Siberian Crane come here during the winter season. Over 230 species of birds are known to have made the National Park their home. It is also a major tourist centre with scores of ornithologists arriving here in the hibernal season. It was declared a protected sanctuary in 1971. It is also a declared World Heritage Site. Contents:- History /See also History Painted stork at Keoladeo National Park The sanctuary was created 250 years ago and is named after a Keoladeo (Shiva) temple within its boundaries. Initially, it was a natural depression; and was flooded after the Ajan Bund was constructed by Maharaja Suraj Mal, the then ruler of the princely state of Bharatpur, between 1726 to 1763. The bund was created at the confluence of two rivers, the Gambhir and Banganga. The park was a hunting ground for the maharajas of Bharatpur, a tradition dating back to 1850, and duck shoots were organised yearly in honor of the British viceroys. In one shoot alone in 1938, over 4,273 birds such as mallards and teals were killed by Lord Linlithgow, the then Governor-General of India. After India's independence, the rulers of the princely states were allowed shooting rights until 1972. In 1982, grazing was banned in the park, leading to violent clashes between the local farmer and the government. Lohagarh Fort Lohagarh Fort (Iron fort) is situated at Bharatpur in Rajasthan, India. It was constructed by Bharatpur Jat rulers. Maharaja Suraj Mal used all his power and wealth to a good cause, and built numerous forts and palaces across his kingdom, one of them being the Lohagarh Fort(Iron fort), which was one of the strongest ever built in Indian history. The inaccessible Lohagarh fort could withstand repeated attacks of British forces led by Lord Lake in 1805 when they laid siege for over six weeks. Having lost over 3000 soldiers, the British forces had to retreat and strike a compromise with the Bharatpur ruler. Of the two gates in the fort, one in the north is known as Ashtdhaatu (eight metalled) gate while the one facing the south is called Chowburja (four-pillared) gate. It is very different from the other forts in Rajasthan state, there is no flamboyance associated to fort but it generates an aura of strength and magnificence. The fort is surrounded with moat which was previously filled with water to ward off the enemy attacks. The sandy ramparts were strengthened by sandy battlements, thus the enemy guns proved of no avail. Some interesting monuments in the fort are Kishori Mahal, Mahal Khas and Kothi Khas. Moti Mahal and towers like Jawahar Burj and Fateh Burj were erected to commemorate the victory over the Mughals and the British army . The Gateway has paintings of huge elephants. Government Museum Government Museum, established in 1851, is located in Egmore, Chennai, South India. The Museum complex consisting of six buildings and 46 galleries covers an area of around 16.25 acres (66,000 m) of land. The objects displayed in the museum cover a variety of artifacts and objects covering diverse fields including archeology, numismatics, zoology, natural history, sculptures, palm-leaf manuscripts and Amravati paintings. It is also a designated 'Manuscript Conservation Centre' (MCC) under the National Mission for Manuscripts established in 2003.[1] Bayana Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ History Bayana is a historical town in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan in India. It is a historical city founded by Banasur, who was an "Asura". He lived during the time of Krishna. His daughter "Usha" was married to Anirudh (grandson of Shri Krishna after a long battle). Geography Bayana is located in a small plain, between two hill ranges running more or less parallel to each other near the left bank of the Gambhir river, at a distance of 45 km southwest of Bharatpur. B y n is loc ted t 2654N 7717E / 26.9N 77.28E / 26.9; 77.28.[1] It has an average elevation of 196 metres (643 feet). Banasur Gurjar was king of Bayana city. Name of his daughter was Usa Gurjar. Veer gurjar's were ruler kingdom of Bayana samraaj from 9001250. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bayana had a population of 33,504. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Bayana has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 63% of the males and 37% of females literate. 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. History The ancient name of Bayana was Sripatha or Sriprashtha or Shantipura. A big hoard of the ancient Indian coins were discovered in 1946 at the distance of 11 km from Bayana. In 372 AD, Vishnu Vardhana erected the sacrificial pillar in memory of pundarika sacrifice for prosperity. In

1046 AD Chittralekha, the queen of Mangalaraja (Mangalraja was Kachawaha king of Gwalior. He was son of Vazradama, who died in a battle with Mahmood of Gazni in 1000 AD.) Built the temple of Vishnu . It is a curious mixture of Hindu and Mohammad relics. Ruled by stalwarts like Muhammad Ghori, Sikandar Lodhi and Humayun, Bayana held a special place in history. According to Abul Fazal: "this town is the burial place of many illustrious men". It can be adjudged that various important battles were fought here. Akbarnama mention that in former times Bayana was the capital of a province of which Agra was merely a dependent village. Before the main Battle of Khanua, in 1527. Rana Sanga and Hasan Khan Mewati had initial success here. Many generals and soldiers of Babur were killed here. The graves of these generals still present in Bayana. It was here that Babur renounced alcohol. A mosque named "Talaqani Masjid" is still present to commemorate this event. Babur also constructed "Jhajhri" here. Which is present until now. Bayana is about 35 kilometres from Khanwa and about 46 km from Fatehpur Sikri. Bayana is famous for Bijaigarh (Vijaygarh) fort, which was built by Jadon Raja Bijai Pal in 1040 A.D. The Bijaigarh fort contains several old temples and a red sandstone pillar bearing an inscription of Vishnuvardhan, a feudatory of Samudragupta. The fort was described as one of the most famous forts in India by Babur himself. Besides this, there is a monolithic sandstone pillar, a combination of Hindu and Muslim styles, which bears many inscriptions. Another important place is Temple of Usha, which was built during the reign of Raja Laxman Sen, (Laxman was father of Vazradama the kachawaha king of Gwalior) by his wife. Usha loved and married Aniruddh after a long battle. This is the only temple in India dedicated to Usha. There is a Fort At Arwali Mounten at village Sikndra 5 K.M.From bayana Bhusawar Bhusawar is a city and a municipality in Bharatpur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Deeg Contents:- Geography/ History/ Deeg in films/ Fairs/ Demographics/ See also Deeg (Hindi: ) is a city and a municipality in Bharatpur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is situated in the north of Bharatpur at a distance of 32 km, and 98 km (61 miles) North of Agra. Deeg comes under THE BIG PARIKRMA MARG of Lord Krishna which was started from Goverdhan, just only 12 km. far from deeg. It is an ancient town. It finds mention in Skanda Purana ( ) as "Dirgha" or "Dirghapur". Deeg was the first capital of the newly carved out Jat state of Bharatpur, when Badan Singh was proclaimed its ruler in 1722. In 1730, the Maharaja Suraj Mal erected the strong fortress of Deeg. After Suraj Mal moved the capital to Bharatpur, Deeg became the second capital of the rulers of Bharatpur princely state. It is known for its number of forts, palaces, gardens and fountains. Geography Deeg is loc ted t 2728N 7720E / 27.47N 77.33E / 27.47; 77.33.[1] It has an average elevation of 174 m (571 ft). History It is n ncient town. It finds mention in Sk nd Pur n s Dirgh or Dirgh pur . Deeg w s the first c pit l of the newly carved out Jat state of Bharatpur, when Badan Singh was proclaimed its ruler in 1722. In 1730, the Maharaja Suraj Mal erected the strong fortress of Deeg. After Suraj Mal moved the capital to Bharatpur, Deeg became the second capital of the rulers of Bharatpur princely state. It is known for its number of forts, palaces, gardens and fountains. Badan Singh ( 17221756 AD) after assuming the throne consolidated the headship of the tribe and thereby became the virtual founder of the Jat house at Bharatpur. The credit of commencing the urbanization of Deeg also goes to him. It was he who selected this spot as the headquarters of his newly established Jat kingdom. The strong citadel with towering walls and bastions was erected slightly later in 1730 AD by Surajmal, the worthy son of Badansingh. About the same period according to certain writers the large charming tank called Rup Sagar was built by Rup Singh, the brother of Badan Singh. The beautiful garden retreat adorning this city is the most outstanding of the artistic accomplishments of Surajmal and serves to this day a glorious memorial to the celebrated hero of the Jat tribe. After the death of Surajmal, his son Jawahar Singh (1764 68 AD) completed certain palaces including the Suraj Bhawan and gave finishing touch to the gardens and fountains. Deeg (Lat. 27 28' N; Long. 77 20' E), ancient Dirghapura in district Bharatpur became a stronghold of the Jat rulers during 18th -19th cent AD. It is located at a distance of 153 km from Delhi and 98 km from Agra. It falls within the territorial limits of the ancient holy Braj - Bhumi. Historically, Deeg is associated with the rise of the Jat peasants under the leadership of Rajaram (AD 1686-88), Bhajja Singh (AD 1688-98) and Churaman (AD 1695-1721). After the death of Churaman, Badansingh (AD 1722-56) consolidated his authority over several districts and became the virtual founder of the Jat rule at Bharatpur. He is credited with transforming Deeg into a flourishing town with beautiful buildings, palaces and gardens. Surajmal (AD 1756-63), the son and successor of Badansingh was the greatest ruler and during his rule the power of clan reached its zenith. Deeg in films The 1972 movie by Conrad Rooks, Siddhartha, based on Herman Hesse's novel, was shot in Deeg. Additional scenes in the film were shot in Keoladeo Ghana Sanctuary, Bharatpur. The town is very famous due to Jat history. The british people couldn't enter in the city, the last wish of british people was to see the Deeg palace when they were leaving India but the royal jat raja did not allow them. Fairs Now a days Deeg is famous for the three-day fair held in the month of September, when the forts of Deeg are brought to liveliness. Deeg has various kinds of palaces, the most famous among them is "Sawan-Bhadon". The palace has a hollow ceiling with rolling iron spheres in it; when water is made to flow into the ceiling, these spheres collide with each other and produce a sound like raining clouds. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Deeg had a population of 40,826. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Deeg has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71% and, female literacy is 49%. In Deeg, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. See also * Deeg Palace Deeg Palace Deeg Palace is a palace situated near Bharatpur in Rajasthan state in India. Built in 1772 it lies 32 km from Bharatpur. [1] History Deeg is n ncient town. It finds mention in Sk nd Pur n s Dirgh or Dirgh pur . Deeg w s the first c pit l of the new ly carved out Jat state of Bharatpur, when Badan Singh was proclaimed its ruler in 1722. In 1730, the Maharaja Suraj Mal erected the strong fortress of Deeg. After Suraj Mal moved the capital to Bharatpur, Deeg became the second capital of the rulers of Bharatpur princely state. It is known for its number of forts, palaces, gardens and fountains. After assuming the throne, Badan Singh (172256 AD) consolidated the headship of the tribe and thereby became the virtual founder of the Jat house at Bharatpur. The credit of commencing the urbanization of Deeg also goes to him. It was he who selected this spot as the headquarters of his newly established Jat kingdom.

The strong citadel with towering walls and bastions was erected slightly later in 1730 AD by Surajmal, the worthy son of Badan Singh. About the same period according to certain writers the large charming tank called Rup Sagar was built by Rup Singh, the brother of Badan Singh. The beautiful garden retreat adorning this city is the most outstanding of the artistic accomplishments of Surajmal and serves to this day a glorious memorial to the celebrated hero of the Jat tribe. After the death of Surajmal, his son Jawahar Singh (1764 68 AD) completed certain palaces including the Suraj Bhawan and gave finishing touch to the gardens and fountains. The architecture of Deeg is mainly represented by the mansions called the Bhawans popularly known as Gopal Bhawan, Suraj Bhawan, Kishan Bhawan, Nand Bhawan, Keshav Bhawan, Hardev Bhawan. The striking features of these palaces are balanced outlines, fine proportions, commodious halls, attractive and logically disposed arcades, alluring greenery, charming tanks and canals with fountains. The layout of Deeg gardens is based on formality of the Mughal Char bagh or fourfold garden patterns and flanked by two reservoirs called namely Rup Sagar and Gopal Sagar. The architecture is primarily of trabeate order, but the use of arcuate system has also been made in certain instances. Mostly the arcades are of a decorative quality as each arch is formed by joining spandrel shaped slab cantivelers projecting from the pillars. The general features of this style are engrailed arches resting on ornate pillars, hypostylar halls flat roof terraces, balconies and pavilions with Bengal roofs, double eaves, moderate structural heights and spacious internal arrangements. Kaman Contents Geography/ Demographics/ History/ Transport 'KAMAN' is a Town and block headquarter(sub division) and a (municipality) in Bharatpur district in Rajasthan state of India Geography Kaman is loc ted t 2739N 7716E / 27.65N 77.27E / 27.65; 77.27[1]. It has an average elevation of 189 metres (620 feet).It is bordered by two states(haryana and U.P.)from West and North respectively.At the village Nonera the border of Haryana and U.P. touches and make a triangle.Important and big villages are :- Bilang ,Bolkhera,Jurehra,Bilond,Indrauli,Akata ,Lewda ,Somka,Sehsan ,Sablana,Birar ,Dhamari,Satwas,Anchwara,Amrooka,Garh Ajan,Moosepur, Luhesar,pai,Bmni,Nonera,Khedli gumani(khedi Nogaiyan),Unchera,Bhandara,Tayra,Gurira,Ladlaka,Gundgaon,Angarawali,Gamdi (famous for tatloo),Sonokhar etc. and many other small villages. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Kaman had a population of 72,777. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Kaman has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 44%. In Kaman, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.The boundary of Kaman tehsil are touched with Deeg, Nagar and Pahari tehsil of Bharatpur district and State boarder is touched with Kosi in U.P. Boarder and Punhana tehsil in Haryana state History View of Vimal Kund Kaman is a very old town, situated in the north of Bharatpur.It has important historical background. It is considered to be a very old and sacred town of Hindus as it forms a part of (Braj) or (Brij) area where Lord Krishna spent his early life. It is also known as Kamawan. Its former name is said to have been Brahmapur, but Raja Kamsen the maternal grand father of Krishna changed it to Kaman after his own name. Kaman is the short name of Kadambawana for numerous Kadamba Trees are found here. It is a place of Pilgrimage, Annually visited by a large number of [Vaishnava] in the month of Bhadon as a part of V ny tr . The rem ins of M sjid consisting of 84 pill rs, n med 'Chour si Kh m b still exist here. None of these pillars is without ornament and some are very highly decorated.Many indian languages have been carved out on the red coloured wall stones in the monument.On the top of the arch of main entrance gate many verses of HOLY QUR'AN have been carved out.It is interesting that the whole structure was built up without using cement and clay. all pillars have been joined to each other. in the middle in the front wall there is Mehrab (middle arch)where IMAM (RELIGIOUS LEADER)to adress the people during Juma(friday prayer).Kaman also has 84 kunds (ponds) many of them have been lost their existence. Kaman has long been under the rule of king [Jaipur] but was conquered and annexed by Maharaja jawahar Singh. Some palaces of Jaipur Chiefs still exist here. Maharaja Jai Singh took the idols of Madan Mohanji and Gokul Chandramanji to his newly built city of Jaipur but due to some reasons the idols were brought back to Kaman after a short stay at Bikaner.A fair also held in rainy season called as "Parikrama Mela" or 'Parkamma' at the higher ground of 'Cheel Mahal'(Eagle palace).the palce called cheel mahal due to its characteristic of higherness to the surrounding area. Located north of Bharatpur is the small town of Kaman. It is believed to be a very sacred town for the Hindus as it belongs to the Braj area where Lord Krishna is believed to have resided. Previously known as Brahampore, the name was changed by Raja K m Sen, Lord Krishn s grandfather. It is named after the many kadambha trees in the area. Maharaja Jai Singh took the idols of Madan Mohanji and Gokul Chandraman to his newly built city of Jaipur but due to some reasons the idols were brought back to Kaman after a short stay at Bikaner. Its former name is believed to have been Brahampore, but Raja Kama Sen, the maternal grand father of Krishna changed it to Kaman. Kaman is the short name of Kadambawana for numerous Kadhamba Trees are found here. It is a place of Pilgrimage. Annually this place is thronged by a large number of Vaishnava in the month of Bhadon as a part of Banyatra .The remains of a monument consisting of 84 pillars, n med Chour si Kh m b still exist here. None of these pill rs is without ornament and some are even very highly decorated. Kaman is a small town known for several prominent temples of Rajasthan and a key halt of travelers. Along with numerous significant temples as Govindaji Temple, Vimala Kunda and Kameswara Mahadeva Siva Temple of Kaman, Chaurasi Khamba is the renowned temple known for its significance and magnitude. Sited a little west of the town Chaurasi Khamba temple is regarded as the prime means of attraction of Rajasthan. This architecturally beautiful building, Chaurasi Khamba has thus left its mark in travel and tourism of Bharatpur. Eighty-four ancient beautifully carved pillars has carefully festooned the monument and thus obtained the name Chaurasi Khamba temple. Resembled with the monument at Gokula, Chaurasi Khamba is successfully grabbing the tourist to unfurl and explore its architecturally carved pillars. This place is believed as the renowned spot of Nanda Maharaja. The monument is also visited for its significance of having the abode of Pandava Brothers during their 14-years exile. Transport Kaman is well connected to bharatpur,alwar,jaipur,delhi,faridabad,gurgaon,ambala,panipat,chandigarh and many other major cities of north-west india by roads.you can buses ot rajasthan roadways at regular intervels to these cities from kaman, the nearest relway station is kosi-kalan 25km from it.other major junction near to kaman are bharatpur and mathura. Kumher Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Banking Kumbher is a historical city and municipality in the Bharatpur district of Rajasthan, India. It was founded by a Jat chieftain Kumbh. Geography Kumher is loc ted t 2719N 7722E / 27.32N 77.37E / 27.32; 77.37.[1] It has an average elevation of 176 metres (577 feet). Kumher is also the birthplace of the illustrious Arya Samaji Vedic and Ayurvedic scholar, Pt. Satyendranath Vaidya (1902-1982). Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Kumher had a population of 30,500. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Kumher has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 95%, and female literacy is 75%. In Kumher, 90% of the population is under 6 years of age. Banking There are branches of some nationalised banks in Kumher, and also has the only ATM machine between Bharatpur and Deeg. Nadbai Nadbai is a city and a municipality in Bharatpur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.Nadbai is divided into Katra and Nadbai.RAM MANDIR is the famous temple in nadbai. Geography N db i is loc ted t 2714N 7712E / 27.23N 77.2E / 27.23; 77.2[1]. It has an average elevation of 205 metres (672 feet). It is about 34 km from distt. head Qtr. Bharatpur, 10 Km from NH-11. its about 15 kilometers from halena,located in south on NH11. its divided in two parts, Katra & Nadbai. has a Railway station which is now being reconstructed, as its better & bigger now. Nadbai includes industriel area as well. Nadbai is the best place to get supply for musterd oil as its surrounded with a lot villages with productive land. Now a days bricks manufacturing units are getting existence Near about the Nadbai, and near about more than 100 nos of bricks manufacturing units has been eastablished till the year of 2010. Seven nos of musterd oil industies having registerd trade marka, and more than 60 small mustard oil extracting units has been established also. Mustered oil yielded by these units are mostly supplied to the eastern india. Thus the Nadbai town is well touch in trade with eastern india. Beside this indias most important Cattle feed industary is also situated here. which is the unit of well known SARAS DAIRY.Rajasthan's top most Krishi Upaj Mandi is also eastablished here. == NADBAI is the hub of education in rajasthan == students of nadbai are getting the top most ranking in the merit list of rajasthan board every year in last few years, and from year 2003 every year. this is also known as a MINI KOTA of Rajasthan As Nadbai has its own recognition in the field of education in north India, Mr. Ajay Katara( MD of S. R. Group ) Mr. Ghansgyam katar of Kala vidya Mandir , Mr. Vijay Raj singh of Nootan Adarsh Vidya mandir, Mr. Santosh Agrawal of Adarsh Public School,Mr.Satish Sharma of Tagor Public School,Mr.Daya chand of swami Dayanand sarswati sachool, Mr. Govind Singh of Bharti Bal Niketan are the well kown personalities for doing Splendid work and providing grand results at various levels and getting the good results in the field of education and placing their students in the top 10 ranking of merit list of Rajasthan Board.Due to their best efforts students of Nadbai town captures places in the Rajasthan Board's merit list every year. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Nadbai had a population of 21,644. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Nadbai has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 53%. In Nadbai, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Nagar Nagar is a city and a municipality in Bharatpur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is in between Bharatpur and Alwar. It is famous for a sweet called "Jalewa". Geography N g r is loc ted t 2554N 7550E / 25.9N 75.83E / 25.9; 75.83[1]. It has an average elevation of 304 metres (997 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Nagar had a population of 21,349. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Nagar has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 45%. In Nagar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. It is a place in Bharatpur district, lying in between Bharatpur and Alwar. Distance from delhi to 175 km and from Jaipur to 150 km. Weir Weir is a city and a municipality in Bharatpur District in the Indian state of Rajasthanthree bank and sub division of bharatpur districts this city is situated to bayana and jaipur road in weir one atm . Geography Weir is loc ted t 2541N 7544E / 25.68N 75.73E / 25.68; 75.73[1]. It has an average elevation of 272 metres (1092 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Weir had a population of 17,331. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Weir has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 41%. In Weir, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Dholpur district Dholpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Dholpur is the district headquarters. Dholpur District has an area of 3084 km. The Chambal River forms the southern boundary of the district, across which lies the state of Madhya Pradesh. The district is bounded by the state of Uttar Pradesh on the east and northeast, by Bharatpur District of Rajasthan on the northwest, and Karauli District of Rajasthan on the west. All along the bank of the Chambal River the district is deeply intersected by ravines; low ranges of hills in the western portion of the district supply quarries of fine-grained and easily-worked red sandstone. The population of the district is 982,815 (2001 census), with a population density of 324 persons per km. The population grew 31.2% between 1991 and 2001. The literacy rate is 60.1% in 2001, 75.1% for males and 41.8% for females. Administratively the district is divided into four subdivisions, Dholpur, Badi, Rajakhera, and Basedi, and five tehsils, Dholpur, Badi, Rajakhera, Basedi, and Saipau. The economy of the district is primarily agricultural. Dholpur district Dholpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Dholpur is the district headquarters. Dholpur District has an area of 3084 km. The Chambal River forms the southern boundary of the district, across which lies the state of Madhya Pradesh. The district is bounded by the state of Uttar Pradesh on the east and northeast, by Bharatpur District of Rajasthan on the northwest, and Karauli District of Rajasthan on the west. All along the bank of the Chambal River the district is deeply intersected by ravines; low ranges of hills in the western portion of the district supply quarries of fine-grained and easily-worked red sandstone. The population of the district is 982,815 (2001 census), with a population density of 324 persons per km. The population grew 31.2% between 1991 and 2001. The literacy rate is 60.1% in 2001, 75.1% for males and 41.8% for females. Administratively the district is divided into four subdivisions, Dholpur, Badi, Rajakhera, and Basedi, and five tehsils, Dholpur, Badi, Rajakhera, Basedi, and Saipau. The economy of the district is primarily agricultural.

Dholpur (also Dhaulpur Rajasthani: ) is a city in eastern-most parts of the Rajasthan state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Dholpur District and was formerly seat of the Dholpur princely state, before Independence. Dhaulpur became a separate district in 1982 comprising four tehsils of Bharatpur: Dholpur, Rajakhera, Bari and Baseri. It is bordered by Bharatpur district of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the south, Karauli district to the west and Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh to the east. Dholpur is between Agra and Gwalior (each about 55 kilometres from Dholpur) and is 250 kilometres from Delhi. It is on the main Central Railway track and the National Highway No. 3, on Delhi-Bombay Road. At its railway station, the town name is spelled "Dhaulpur". Contents History/ Mythology/ During the Buddha's period/ During sultans/ Mughal period/ British rule and after/ Geography/ Demographics/ Economy/ Tourist attractions/ Education/ Weather/ See also History Chhatri of Rana Udaybhanu Singh at Dholpur Jubali Hall Dholpur Mythology Dholpur, according to the Epics, was initially known as Dhawalgiri, later on Dhaulagir, and now as Dholpur. Before the battle of Mahabharat this whole area was under the Yadavs whose different branches were spread over the entire area extending from the south of the river Chambal. Col. James Todd in his book Annals and Antiquities of Rajputana has mentioned that the area was submerged under the sea during the Ramayan period. The key to the ancient history of Dholpur is the ruins of strength the fort which is on the bank of river Chambal. During the second phase of ancient history, the ruins of Mahabharat period could be seen and around the temple of Muchukund ji. According to the Shastras, Muchukund was a very illustrious king before Krishna. During the war between Devtas and Danavas, King Muchukund sided with the devtas and was instrumental in their victory. Indra was so pleased was that he asked Muchukund to have a boon. Muchukund was so tired that he asked Indra to allow him to sleep peacefully and if anyone should wake him up, Muchukund s angry gaze would burn him to ashes. Mahabharat reveals that during one of the battles with the demons Krishna came to the spot where Muchukund was sleeping. He put his pitamber on the sleeping Muchukund. The demon thinking him to be Krishna woke him up, and thus the demon was burnt to ashes, and thus the life of Krishna was saved. The event took pl ce, in spot very ne r to the Muchukund Jis temple, where the ruins of old p l ces still exist. The appearance of these, however does not seem to be that old. During the Buddha's period During Buddh s time there were sixteen M h J np ds in Bharatvarsh.[citation needed] Dholpur at that time was included in Matsya Janpad. During the Mauryan rule it was included in the Mauryan Empire. From Gupta period to the arrival of Chinese traveler Huansuang Bharatpur, Karauli and Dholpur were a part of Mathura Janpad. Around 8th to 10th century, Chauhans ruled over it. During the 10th century the Jats took over. In the year 1194 it remained under Mohammed Gauri. During 8th and 11th century, many Rajput and Jat rulers settled in Rajputana and a foundation of an independent Jat state was laid. Its founder was Tej Singh. His ancestors were from Bamrauli, therefore, the rulers were known as Bamraulia, Maharaja Mansingh Tomar of Gwalior bestowed upon the rulers of Dholpur the title of Rana and since then the rulers are known as Rana. During sultans Any invader, who wished to capture Gwalior and Malwa, had to pass through Dholpur. In the year 1489 Bahlol Lodi before fighting with Gwalior king, faced the forces of the ruler of Dholpur. During the year 1502 Sikandar Lodi had to fight with Dholpur King Vinayak Dev for about a year and then with great difficulty was successful in defeating him and capturing Dholpur. Thus Dholpur came into prominence and bore the brunt of all the invading forces of the North Realising the strategic and geographical importance. It was Sikandar Lodi who first thought of having a military cantonment at Agra which was a small village under Bayana and at Dholpur in the year 1504, so that he could successfully carry out military designs against Gwalior and Malwa region. Dholpur being situated on the banks of the river Chambal was considered sate for the est blishment of milit ry c ntonment nd forts, during the mediev l period. According to the T w rikh Shersh hi nd B b rn m written by their courtiers, the credit for the construction of the Shergarh for goes to Shershah Suri. Mughal period Flag of princely Dholpur state Dholpur part of the Rajputana Agency, 1909 After the battle of Panipat, Babar became the first Mughal ruler of Hindustan. His rule was not a bed of roses in the early years of his reign. After the death of Ibrahim Lodi, many states declared themselves independent. Talai Khan became the ruler of Gwalior. Similarly, Mohammed Jaifoon declared himself the ruler of Dholpur. Babar sent Junniad Barlas to Dholpur, who crushed the rebellion and took over the administration of Dholpur in his own hands. Dholpur was known for its natural beauty, dense forests and ample games that attracted the royal princes regularly visiting this region during Mughal period. According to Humayunnama, Babar once took all his wives and consorts to Dholpur on the death of his son Anwar Mirza for a change. The beauty of Dholpur fascinated Akbar so much that he constructed the palaces at Khanpur on the banks of Talab-shahi near Bari. According to legends he constructed these palaces to make this place his capital. Later, on being offended by the residents, he left them and founded F tehpur Sikri. The incident which p ved the w y for Aur ngz bs st bility occur red at the place which sealed that fate of Dara Shikoh. Dholpur House, residence of princely Dholpur in New Delhi, now houses Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Once Dholpur became a matter of dispute between Shahjahan and Nur Jahan. Shahjahan requested Emperor Jehangir to give him the pargana of Dholpur. Shahjahan, taking it for granted that the Emperor would give his consent, sent his faithful officer to Dholpur. On the other hand, Nur Jahan had already acquired the Paragana of Dholpur for prince Shahryar. She deputed Sharif-ul-Malik to take charge of the administration. There was a clash between the two, in which Sharif-ul-Malik had an eye injury and many people died.[1] For this act of insolence Shahjahan was reprimanded and was asked to send his troops from the south to Agra immediately. British rule and after After Mughals Rana vansh of Jats become ruler of Dhaulpur, during British Raj, it was part of the Rajputana Agency, till the Independence of India. The former mansion of the ruler of the erstwhile Dholpur State, Kesarbagh palace, now houses the Dholpur Military School, while its official residence in New Delhi, Dholpur House, now houses Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Geography Dh ulpur is loc ted t 2642N 7754E / 26.7N 77.9E / 26.7; 77.9.[2] It has an average elevation of 177 metres (580 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[3] Dhaulpur had a population of 92,137. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Dhaulpur has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66% and, female literacy is 50%. In Dhaulpur, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Economy

The economy of Dhaulpur is primarily agricultural. Dholpur stone is a sandstone mined in the area. A gas-based thermal power plant of 330 Megawatt capacity has started working in Dholpur. Tourist attractions Kesarbagh palace, the mansion of the former ruler of the erstwhile Dholpur State, now the Dholpur Military School The prime tourist attractions in Dhaulpur are: * Damoye: A waterfall in Sarmathura. It is the main tourist spot in whole district. It is visible in rainy season [July September]. Besides this, Damoye has a long and green forest range with wild animals. * The Machkund Temple: Muchchhkund is about 4 km from the town of Dholpur. It is an ancient sacred place. It commands a picturesque view. The place is named after Raja Muchchhukand, the 24th of the Suryavanshi Dynasty (the solar race) who is said to have reigned nineteen generations before Lord Ram. According to legend, Raja Muchchhkund was sleeping here when demon Kaal Yaman (while pursuing lord Krishna) accidentally woke him up. The demon Kaal Yaman was burnt to ashes because of a divine blessing to Raja Muchchhkund. It is now a sacred place for pilgrims. * Talab-E-Shahi: Forty kilometres from Dholpur is a picturesque lake called Talab Shahi. The lake and the palace were built in 1617 A.D. as a shooting lodge for Prince Shah Jahan. The palace and the lake were later maintained by the ruler of Dholpur. The lake attracts a large number of winter migratory fowl such as pintail, shoveller, red crested pochard, common pochard, tufted duck, garganey teal, wigeon and fadwall. * Shergarh Fort: It is an old fort of historic importance, located toward the south of Dholpur tower. This monument was built by Sher Shah Suri on the site of an earlier Hindu fortress. * Saipau Mahadeo Temple * Ravines of Chambal * Ramsagar Sanctuary: Contains picturesque Ramsagar Lake, which supports rich aquatic life including fresh water crocodiles and a number of fishes and snakes. Water birds such as cormorants, white-breasted water hen, moor hen, jacanas, river tern, ringed plover, sand piper, and green and purple herons are quite common. During winter months migratory ducks and geese visit the lake in good numbers. * Van Vihar Wild Life Sanctuary: Van Vihar, an old wildlife reserve of the rulers of Dholpur is spread over an area of 59.86 km2 over Vindhyan Plateau. * National Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuary: The Ch mb l river rem ins one of north Indi s most unpolluted rivers, home to rich diversity of flora and fauna. National Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuary contains the rare Ganges river dolphin. The sanctuary was founded in 1978 and is part of a large area co-administered by Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, within area of 5,400 km. Approximately 400 km of the river is within the reserve. Apart from the Ganges river dolphin, the other inhabitants of the sanctuary include mugger crocodiles and gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). Migratory birds from Siberia form its rich avian fauna. Education The notable Dholpur Military School is housed in Kesarbagh Palace, a magnificent mansion of the former ruler of the erstwhile Dholpur State. It is 10.5 kilometres away from Dholpur City and on Dholpur-Bari Road. Weather Winter is mild and summer is very oppressive. The hottest months are May and June which fall in vacation period. Temperatures in hot time are normally between 40 to 50'C. See also * Yadavs * Rajasthani people * Rajasthan Yadav Ydav refers to a group of communities or castes found in India and Nepal, which claim descent from the ancient King Yadu of the [1] Chandravanshi Kshatriya clan. Yadav is one five Indo-Aryan Kshatriya clans mentioned in the Vedas as "Panchjanya". The Yadavas generally [2] follow the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism, and share dharmic religious beliefs. Yadavs are traditionally classified under the Kshatriya varna in Hinduism, and several royal dynasties in medieval India claimed Yadav descent. They remained in power in India and Nepal until 1200-1300 CE, before the arrival of Muslim invaders. In modern times, the communities claiming Yadav descent include Ahirs,Bhati, Saini, Jadon and other Yaduvanshi castes. Yadu was the eldest son of Yayati (father of Yadavs). It is written in the Vishnu Puran that he did not inherit his father's throne. He, therefore, retired towards Punjab and Iran. He had five sons, of whom except Satjit and Krishna, three remained childless. Satjit had three sons: Bibai [3] (Biveya), Hai (Heya) whose descendants are Jats of the Heer gotra and Ahai (Aheya) who founded the Ahir community. According to Hindu mythology, Krishna was a descendant of Yadu Origin Yadavs are the descendants of Yadu, the eldest son of King Yayati. It is said that Yadu was expelled by Yayati from his kingdom and became a rebel. His successor was Madhu also called Madhu Rakshasa (Demon), who ruled from Madhuvana, situated on the banks of river Yamuna, which extended up to Saurastra and Anarta (Gujrat). His daughter Madhumati married Harinasva of Ikshvaku race, from whom Yadu was born again, this time being ancestor of Yadavas. Nanda, the foster father of Krishna, was born in the line of succession of Madhu and ruled from the same side of Yamuna.[4] Jarasandh, Kansa's father-in-law, and king of Magadha attacked Yadavas to avenge Kansa's death. Yadavas had to shift their capital from Mathura (central Aryavart) to Dwaraka (on the western coast of Aryavart) on the Sindhu. Yadu was a legendary Hindu king, believed to be an ancestor of the god Krishna, who for this reason is sometimes referred to as Yadava. Ramprasad Chanda, points to the fact that in the Indra is said to have brought Turvasu and Yadu from over the sea, and Yadu and Turvasu are called Barbarian or Dasa. After analyzing the ancient legends and traditions he comes to the conclusion that Yadavas were originally settled in the Kathiawar peninsula and subsequently spread to Mathura. In his opinion they may have come with the Purus, Druhyus and Anus from Mesopotamia. Of the Yadus, rigveda provides two very interesting data, first, that they were arajinah - without King or non-monarchical, and second that Indra brought them from beyond the sea and made them worthy of consecration. [5] A. D. Pusalkar observed that Yadvas were called Asuras in the epic and puranas, which may be due to mixing with non-aryans and the looseness in observance of Aryan Dharma. It is important to note that even in the Mahabharata Krishna is called Sanghmukhya - Head of Sangh (congress). Bimanbehari Majumdar points out at one place in the mahabharata Yadavas are called Vratyas and at another place Krishna speaks of his tribe consisting of eighteen thousand vratyas. It is interesting to note that much later,

Abhira of Deccan were called Andhra-Vratyas, and Purunas refer to them as Vratyas on many occasions. A Vratya is one who lives outside the fold of the dominant Aryan Society and practice their own form of austerity and esoteric rites. some scholars conjecture that they might have been the source of non-aryan beliefs and practices introduced into Vedic religion.[6] Genetically, they are in Indo-Caucasoid family,[7] A study in East of India shows their gene structure is similar to Brahmin, Kayastha & Rajput living in the same area.[8] Ahirs as Yadavas See also: Yaduvanshi Ahirs Asirgarh Fort was made by King Asa Ahir Ahir (Sanskrit Abhira "fearless") is a Hindu caste, which is subgroup of Yadav and mentioned as a foreign tribe of Indo[13][14][15] [16][17] [18][19] Scythians. Besides scriptural origin, historical evidence exists for identifying the Ahirs with the Yadavas. The term Ahir comes from Abhira (Bhandarkar, 1911;16), who where once found in different parts of India, and who in several places wielded political power. Ancient Sanskrit classic, Amarkosa, calls gwal, gopa & ballabh to be the synonym of Abhira.A Chudasama prince styled Grahripu and [20] Ruling at Vanthali near Junagarh described in the Dyashraya kavya of Hemachandra, describes him both as a Abhira and a Yadav. Further, in [21] their Bardic traditions as well as in popular stories Chudasmas are still called Ahir Ranas. Again, many remains of Khandesh (historical [22] stronghold of abhiras) are popularly believed to be of Gawli Raj, which archaeologically belongs to the Yadvas of Devgiri. Hence, it is concluded that Yadavas of Devagiri were actually Abhiras. Moreover, there are sufficient number of clans within Ahirs, who trace their lineage from Yadu and Lord Krishna, some of which are mentioned in Mahabharata as Yadav Clans. James Tod demonstrated that Ahirs were included into the list of 36 royal races of Rajasthan (Tod, 1829, Vol.1, [23][24] p. 69 ii,p. 358). See: Ahirs Rajcula Rajput tradition records 36 Royal Races (`rajcula') as being the highest Rajput families. The bulk of these are Scythic in origin. Thus, the following table shows the direct one-to-one correspondence for some of the more prominent Rajculas Abiria Region Abiria was a region in Sindh, Pakistan described by Classical authors, mainly Ptolemy. It covers the area east of the Indus River Delta and is apparently named for the Abhira peoples, presumably in residence of the region.Ptolemy's Abiria {Abhira} is included in Indo-Scythians [25] [26]
[9][10][11][12]

The 1st century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes Abiria as the territory east of the Indus delta and north of Surastrene (modern Saurashtra): "Beyond the gulf of Baraca is that of Barygaza and the coast of the country of Ariaca, which is the beginning of the Kingdom of Nambanus and of all India. That part of it lying inland and adjoining Scythia is called Abiria, but the coast is called Syrastrene." [27] Periplus, Chap. 41. Classification based on origin Some of famous Yadav Gotras are:- , , Parihar, Rathi, Sisodia, Tanwar, Mohil etc.[28] The Yadavas of Eastern India are traditionally divided into three major clans or shakhas ("branches"):[29]

Krishnaut or Kishnauth, the descendants of Krishna Madhauth or Majhauth, the descendants of Madhu, ancestor of Yadu. [30] Gaur, Gor or Gorya, a very ancient Yadav clan of Epic Mahabharata.

Yadavas of Western India (whom Denzil Ibbetson also terms as Ahir) are traditionally divided into three major clans called Khanap:[31]

Yaduvanshi Ahirs - Descendants of Yadu [32][33][34] Nandvanshi' - Descendants of Nand Baba who was Ahir Gwalvanshi - Descendants of Holy Gwals (Original word Gaur becomes Gwar and then Gwal)

Yadav kingdoms See also: Rao Tula Ram The lineage of several rulers of ancient and medieval India is traced to Yadu. These include mythological characters such as Krishna, as well as historical rulers such as King Porus, who fought Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes River.

Asia in 1200 AD, showing the Yadava Dynasty and its neighbors.

Dholpur and Bharatpur, India kingdoms in Rajasthan were ruled by Yadavs.

Many groups and clans claiming descent from the ancient Yadu clan call themselves Yadavs. Some of the major groups derived from the principal professions they follow or the crafts they practice, for example, Sandilya (Central UP), Bhragudev (Central UP),Gwal and Dadhor (Eastern UP), Gosia (Central UP),* Nirwan (Western UP Chaubisa)is a gotra found in rajputs, jats[36] and Ahirs[37] of Haryana. Gawli, Jadon, Gaurs (also called Goriya, and mentioned in the Mahabharata), Jadhav Maratha), Chawda and Chaudhry in Gujarat, Konar Doss, Karayalar (Yadava) (Tamil: pillai (in Tamil Nadu and Kerala), Maniyani, Kondayankotth, Nambiyar, Vathiyar, Nayakkar-Tirunelveli-Tamil Nadu (in Kerala), Mohaladiya Belongs to Alwar Rajasthan, Saini (Shoorseni/Surasena/Shaursaini),[38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Adhikari Bengal and Orissa, Bhatrajus (Andhra Pradesh)Kuruba, Kuruma, Gouda (Orissa), Jambavas, Kuruma, Manthri, Pillai, in Andhra Pradesh Telangana region, Manjrauth (linked with Jarasandh), Rabari in Gujarat, Rauts[disambiguation needed], Pradhans Sridhar Yadav. See also: Punjab, Pakistan See also: Aheer The Ahirs believe that their ancestors walked together with Lord Krishna. Ahirs synonyms are Yadav and Rao Sahab. Rao Sahab is only used in Ahirwal region consisting of territories of few villages of Delhi,Southern Haryana & Behrod area of Alwar district (Rajasthan). Historically, Ahir laid the foundation of Ahir Batak town which was later called Ahrora and Ahirwar in Jhansi district in AD 108. Rudramurti Ahir became the chief of the Army and later on, the king. Madhuriputa, Ishwarsen and Shivdatta were well known kings from the lineage who mingled with Yadav Rajputs,[45][46] Sainis, who are now found by their original name only in Punjab and in the neighbouring states of Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. They claim descent from Yaduvanshi Rajputs [47][48] of the Yaduvanshi [49][50] Surasena lineage, originating from Yadav King Shoorsen, who was the grandfather of both Krishna and the legendary Pandava warriors. Sainis relocated to Punjab from Mathura and surrounding areas over different periods of time.[51][52] Ancient Yadav Kingdoms Natural fortress at Vijayanagara King Rao Tula Ram of Rewari

Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri Surasena Kingdom Vidarbha Kingdom Dwaraka Kingdom Kunti Kingdom Saurashtra Kingdom Heheya Kingdom Nishadha Kingdom Gurjara Kingdom Karusha Kingdom Chedi Kingdom Dasarna Kingdom Avanti Kingdom Malava Kingdom Anarta Kingdom Youdheya Kingdom Vijaya Nagara Kingdom

Some scholars, such as Robert Sewell, believe that the rulers of Vijayanagara Empire were Kurubas (also known as Yadavas).[53] Some early inscriptions, dated 1078 and 1090, have implied that the Hoysalas of Mysore were also the descendants of the original Yadava clan, by referring to the Yadava vansa (clan) as Hoysala vansa. But there are no records directly linking the Hoysalas to the Yadavas of North India. Calling it 'poetic fancy', William Coelho, author of Hoysala Vansa, 1950, argues that there is no evidence of even a tradition that traces back their lineage to one of northern origin. S.U. Kamath argues that it was a common practice in royal families of medieval South India to build puranic genealogies.[54] However, J.N. Singh Yadav, a famous historian, gives the following account in his Yadav's Through The Ages, " he Hoysalas ruled illustriously for over three centuries and have left in the country imperishable monuments of art and culture. They were family of kings who ruled over practically the whole of the Kannada country at the height of their power. They scheduled the hill tribes known as Malepas in the Western Ghats and they assumed the title 'Maleparoleganda'. The account of their origin can be traced in some of their inscriptions. They claimed Sosevura (Sasakapura of Sanskrit writers) as their birthplace. This place has been identified with Angadi of Mudigere Taluk in chikamanglura district. It has been mentioned as the seen of the incident between Sala and the tiger. When Sala,' an ornament of the Yaduvamsa' (Yaduvamsojvala tilakan) was worshiping the goddess Vasantike of Sasakapura, a tiger came from the forest. The holiman Sodutta, who was there gave him his fan saying 'Poysala' (Strike, Sala). Sala killed the

tiger. From that time the name of Poysala become the designation of the Yadava kings (E.C. VOL. VI, Cm. 20.). Almost the same account, though differing in certain details, is found in many of their inscriptions. According to another version, when Sala was hunting along the slopes of the Sahya mountains (or the Western Ghats), he was astonished to see a hare (SKt. Sasa) pursuing a tiger, while he was walking alone saying to himself, 'this is heroic soil', a holy muni near by, being afraid of the tiger, called out 'Poy-Sala' and before it could proceed the length of a span Sala slew it with his sword (E.C., VOL. V, PART I B1. 171.). It is after this incident that the place came to be known as Sasakapura.[55] The founder of the Wodeyar dynasty, Vijaya, also claimed descent from the Yadu and took on the name Yadu-Raya. According to S.C. Raychoudhary (author of Social, Cultural and Economic History of India), a noted historian, "The Pandya kingdom generally associated with the Pandus of the Mahabarata covered the districts of Madura and Tinnivelly as well as certain portions of south Travancore."[56] V. Kanakasabhai(1904) in his,"The Tamil Eighteen Hundred Years Ago( Chapter IV,Page-53-57, Asian Education Services Publications, Madras) states, " It is beyond doubt therefore that long before the fourth century BC the pandyan kingdom in the south of India had come into existance.... ... ... It appears that the founder of the southern Pandyan kingdom was a princess. Megasthanes who resided as an ambassador of seleukus in the court of Chandragupta at pataliputra, has the following account of the origin of the Pandyas: " Herakles(Krishna) begot a daughter in India whom he called Pandaia. To her he assigned that portion of India which lies to southward and extends to the sea, while he distributed the people subject to her rule into three hundred and sixty five villages, giving orders that one village should each day bring to the treasury the royal tribute, so that the queen might always have the assistance of men whos turn it was to pay the tribute, in coercing those who for the time being were defaulters, in their payments. Pliny gives a similar account, " next come the pandoe the only race in India ruled by woman. They say that Hercules (Krishna) having but one daughter, who was on that account all the more beloved, endowed her with a noble kingdom. Her desendents rule over three hundred cities and command on army of 150000 foot and 500 elephants. Ancient tamil poems seem to support this tradition because they refer to a woman as the founder of the Pandyan dynasty. She appears to have been subsequently worshipped as a goddess in Madura. In the chilappathikaram ( A Tamil epic) she is spoken as of Mathurapatti or " Queen of Madura" and she is described dressed half in the attire of a warrior and half in that of a princess. The Manimekalai ( another Tamil epic) also alludes to her as Mathurapathy. Taking together the tradation as reported by Megasthenes and Pliny and the allusions in ancient Tamil works, it appears that a princess who belonged to the race of the Pandus, then reigning at Madura on the banks of Jamuna, led a colony and founded Dakshina-Mathura on the banks of the Vaigai. Like Dido, who fled form Phoenicia and founded carthage, it is most probable that the princess was driven by some domestic affliction to settle in a distant land. The later traditionary accounts speak of this princess as a woman born with three breasts. It is quite possible that owing to this personal deformity she was obliged to seek a husband in a foreign country. She appears to have married a king of the Marar tribe, which was already settled in the Tamil country, and hence her descendants assumed the titles of Pandyan and Maran.The few Aryas who accompanied the Pandyan princess appear to have merged in the Tamil people by inter-marriages with them. The Pandyan kings of the first and second century AD considered themselves as Tamils, and not Aryas, although they claimed descent from Pandus.The Ayar or the cowherd race was distinct from the other races. Their name Ayar is derived from the Dravidian word "A" meaning cow. They were known as Abhiras in puranic history. In northern India they are still called Ahirs. In the Tamil land they were also called as Pothuvar or Commons( from the Dravidian word podhu meaning common) apparently because they possosed friendship to the nagas and Tamil alike. Originally they appear to have had their own petty kings, in the Chola country, but Karikal- Chola os said to have exterminated their line of kings. The Ayar in the Pandyan domminion had a tradation that they came into the Tamil land, along with the founder of Pandyan family. [57] Dr. V. Manickam in his path-breaking work Kongu Nadu gives an expanded version of his doctoral thesis submitted to the university of Madras as follows, "It was noted that the pastoral people (Ayar) of the mullai land in Kongu formed the major component of the Vellalar community of the medieval period. It is Dr. V. Manickam thesis that the Vellalar of Kongu were nothing but the pastoral people of Kongu, of course,with some additions (p 553). However, We come across references to Idaiyar of Kiranur, alias Kolumam Konda Cholanallur (SII : 5:283), Kon from the same place (SII : 5: 265,267,269), and Yatavar in two epigraphs from Chevur (Eye Copy 94,98). Further, there are also references to Tiruvayappadi nattar, which indicate the supra-local activities of the herdsmen discussed in chapter 15. The presence of the herdsmen, with the titles as found in the macro region, may be explained as survivors of the pastoral people of the pre-chola period who were reluctant to integrate themselves in the new setup or new additions.[58] Trikuta Hill under Yaduvanshi king Havelis of Jaisalmer, Rajasthan Rawal Jaisal laid the foundation stone of Jaisalmer in 1156. He hailed from the Yaduvanshi Rajput kin group. [59] The city has an interesting legend associated with it, according to which, Lord Krishna, the head of the Yadav Clan, foretold Arjuna, one of the Pandava brothers of the Mahabharata that a remote descendent of the Yadav Clan would build his kingdom atop the Trikuta Hill. His prophecy was fulfilled in 1156 AD when Rawal Jaisal, abandoned his fort at Lodurva and founded a new capital Jaisalmer, perched on the Trikuta Hill. [59][60] [61] However, historical facts contradicts this claim, because Trikuta Hill is actually near Deccan, a range of hills bordering Nashik, [62] where one Abhira dynasty, Traikuta, directly claiming descent from ancient Haihai [63] Yadav King, Nala,[64] in 5th century AD, had built kingdom on original Trikuta Hill, and hence assumed the title Traikuta.[65] Hamir Dev, a descendant of Prithviraj Chauhan ruled Ranthambor. Seventeen kilometers from Sawaimadhopur stands a fort, encompassing in its stately walls, a glorious history of the Rajputs. Ranathambhor's venerable structure, rapturous beauty and sublime expressiveness seem to be continuously vocalizing the great legends of Hamir Dev, the Rajput king, who ruled in the 13th century.His wife was an Ahir lady, Raj Kaur.[66] She was also a brave warrior. In those days, the warrior and his wife would choose each other in the Svayamvar.Raj Kaur would also ride a horse, and support her husband in battle. The lady would pray and blow her conch shell while climb her horse. Together they successfully fought over seven battles. Both husband and wife wore armour in battle. Please visit www.yadavhistory.com for more details. See also: Bharatpur,_India Yadavs in modern India

Yadavs of Delhi NCR Swami Ramdev (Ramkishan Yadav) born in Mahendragarh Haryana The name of the State of Haryana may have been derived from its ancient inhabitants: Abhirayana. The name `Abhira` may stem from a-bhira meaning fearless.[46] [67] For centuries the Ahirs were eclipsed as a political power in Haryana until the time of the Pratihara dynasty. In time they became independent rulers of Southwest Haryana. Although the Ahirs and Yadavas form one group, the former are an important community of Haryana, but numerically they constitute less than 10% of the total population. Most of them live in the region around Behror, Alwar, Rewari, Narnaul, Mahendragarh and Gurgaon which is therefore known as Ahirwal or the abode of Ahirs.Ahirs synonyms are Yadav and Rao Sahab. Rao Sahab is only used in Ahirwal region consisting of territories of few villages of Delhi, Southern Haryana & Behrod area of Alwar district (Rajasthan). Ahir's of this region are mainly in armed forces. See also: National Capital Region (India) Yadav dominated areas in National Capital Region(NCR) includes Gurgaon, Noida,[68] Manesar, Behror, Bawal, Dharuhera, Pataudi, Bhiwadi, Badshahpur, Kosli, Alwar and Rewari. Some of the villages in Ahirwal with Yadav prominence are:-

Delhi has Haibatpur, Kheda-khadkhadi,Zafarpur, Pundwala, Hasanpur, Gummanheda, Jhuljhuli, Libas Pur, Chhaproula,Haider Pur,Dhanawas, Jwala Heri, Rajokri, Madipur, Surehra, Samaypur, Badli, Najafgarh, Todapur, Khaira, Sakarpur, Bagdola, Gudhana and [69] Kapashera. Gurgaon has Palda, Kankrola, Wazirabad, Samaspur, Kanhai, Badshapur, Islampur, Sukhrali, Hyatpur, Shilokhra, Tikri, Teekli, Sahraul, Khedki, Daula, Fazilpur, Sikohpur , Nathupur, Chakkarpur, Sikanderpur, Nawada, Mohmmadpur, Dundahera, Iqbalpur, Smalkha, Bamdoli, Mirpur, Sashand and Manesar. Noida has Sarfabad, Garhi Chaukhandi,Morna ,Hoshiyarpur ,Patwari,Hoshiyarpur, Khanjarpur, Zahilabad,Rasoolpur Navada, Partha, [70][71][72] Sorkhla and Naharpur etc. Rajasthan has Alwar, Jhunjhunu,Jaisalmer, Bharatpur. Haryana has Gurgaon, Narnaul, Rewari , Mahendragarh. Uttar Pradesh has Noida,Agra,Badaun, Etah,Mainpuri,Firozabad, Kanpur, Etawah, Farukhabad, Kannauj, Auraiya, Unnao, Hardoi, [73] [74][75] [76] Azamgarh, Gorkakhpur, Jhansi, Lalitpur, Gazipur, Banares,Hamirpur, Jaunpur, Barabanki district and Mirzapur District . [77][78] Bihar has Gopalganj, Banka, Darbhanga, Siwan, Chhapra, Madhubani, Munger.

Rao Birender Singh Yadav was the second chief minister of Haryana and Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Yadav was the first chief minister of Delhi.In Marubhumi (Marwar), Saurashtra and Maharashtra they served the local rulers and established their own rule. Ishwarsena, a great Ahir general, became master of Western Deccan in place of the famous Satava-hanas. He took the title of Rajan and an era was named after him. His descendants continued to rule for nine generations. Pran Sukh Yadav (18021888) was an extraordinary military commander of his time. He was a close friend of Hari Singh Nalwa and famous Punjab ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh.In his early career he trained Sikh Khalsa army. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh he fought in both the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars, due to his extreme hatred towards Britishers after the defeat of Sikhs he started giving military training to the farmers of Narnaul and Mahendragarh region. King Rao Tula Ram of Rewari was born on 9 December 1825 in a Royal Rao Bhadur Nirpur Yadav family which belonged to "Rao Bhadur Ghari-Bolni" in village Rampura (Rewari). His father was Puran Singh and his mother's name was Gyan Kaur who was daughter of Great Jat ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh.[79][80] In 1857, Rao Tula Ram led the rebellion in Haryana along with his brother Rao Bhadur Tula Ram of Ghari Bolni and Rao Gopal Dev of Nirpur.For centuries the Ahirs were eclipsed as a political power in Haryana until the time of the Pratihara dynasty. In time they became independent rulers of Southwest Haryana. [67] Although the Ahirs and Yadavas form one group, the former are an important community of Haryana, but numerically they constitute less than 10% of the total population.[67][81] Most of them live in the region around Rewari, Narnaul, Mahendragarh and Gurgaon which is therefore known as Ahirwal or the abode of Ahirs.[67][82] Yadavs in Maharashtra Devagiri fort - The capital of Yadavas of Devagiri The Seuna, Sevuna or Yadava dynasty (850 - 1334) was an Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a kingdom stretching from the Tungabhadra to the Narmada rivers, including present-day Maharashtra, north Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh, from its capital at Devagiri (presentday Daulatabad in Maharashtra). It claimed descent from the Chandravanshi Yadavs of North India. The 1881 census records of the British India state that "the Yadavas, who in their turn are identified with the Gaolis and Ahirs, were the dominant race at that time."[2][83] Solaskars are another group that belong to the Kshatriya Yadav clan, and claim to be the successors of the Yadavas of Devagiri. They are the protectors of sixteen Shiva temples situated in the hillside region of Satara. Solashi (place of Solaskar) is in North Koregaon Area on the South

East side of Khambatki Ghat while coming from Pune to Satara. The village is recognized by an old and nice temple of Shul-Pateshwar. On the North side of the village is a large mountain (same one of Khambati ghat) on which temples of Hareshwar and Dhareshwar were built. It has a height of 4000 meters. Solashi is one of the villages situated on the northern side of Koregaon. It is famous for the God Hareshwara. There are sixteen small temples of Lord Shiva around the entire village. All Solaskar families in Solashi are vegetarians. The Jadhavs also claim descent from the Yaduvanshi clan. See also: Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri See also: Dhangar Yadavs of Tamil Nadu and Kerala Veeran Azhagu Muthu Kone (Freedom Fighter) Konar Konar or Idaiyar or Tamil Yadavar[84] is a caste from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a sub-division of Yadava community. They are also known as Ayars.When Yadavas became the rulers of the south, the "eer" of Aheer was sufixed with "Aya" making it "Ayeera" and Aiyar".[85] Konars are distributed throughout the state of Tamil Nadu. They are one of the ancient Tamil castes. [86] Konar in ancient literature Ilango Adigal had mentioned Konars of Madurai in his Tamil epic Silapathikaram, which is considered to be one of the five famous epics of Tamil literature. According to this epic, they gave accommodation for Kannagi. They occupied grasslands known as Mullai in Ancient Tamil country. Konars traditionally raise cows, goats and sheeps and sell milk. [87][88] Main article: Konar Maniyani (Kolaya, Ayar, Mayar, Maniyani and Iruman)[89] Maniyani is a caste of Kerala that claims descent from Krishna. The Maniyani are the Kshatriyas of Kerala, India. Maniyanis are also known as Kola- Aya (Kolayars). They are the Yadavas of Kolathnadu and Thulunad. [90] They are seen in Kannur and Kasargod Districts. Ayar is a common surname for Yadavas through out India. They settled in north Kerala about 3000 years back. Kola is the name of Yadava clan who settled in North Kerala and Southern Karnataka.[91]

B. P. Mandal statue in Patna, Bihar All-India Yadav Mahasabha The transformation of all Ahirs { Yaduvanshi Ahirs, Nadvanshi and Gwalvanshi } into Yaduvanshi Yadavs was promoted by the All India Yadav Mahasabha which was founded in 1927 [92] [93] . The emergence of an educated and religiously orthodox elite among the Yadavs, after the religious movements of Arya Samaj and Janeu movements led to the formation of the All-India Yadava Mahasabha in 1923 in Allahabad. The AIYM immedi tely eng ged itself in two issues. It ppe led to its c stemen in ll regions to dd Y d v to their n mes nd t the same time launched on a major programme of social reform. The regional organisation of the Hyderabad Rashtra Yadav Mahajana Samajam, for example, appealed to the Census Commission that their caste name Ahir be changed to Yadava. [94] All India Yadav Mahasabha is also pressing Indian government for the formation of Yadav regiment in Indian Army after they showed their bravery in the 1965 Indo-China war. In 1966 the AIYM held its annual conference in Etawa, with Mulayam Singh Yadav as chairman of the reception committee and Rao Birender Singh the scion of the Rewari dynasty as president. [95] [96] [97] After Independence, the Yadavs have emerged as the leaders of the other b ckw rd cl sses. Prof. R os study of the Y d v elite in the v rious st tes (b sed on the members nd supporters of the All India Yadav Sabha and not on those of the rival All India Yadav Mahasabha) reveals the growth of varied business and professional groups within the caste category. Heading the list are businessmen who comprise roughly 21 per cent of the elite. They include dairy owners, contractors, tobacco and timber merchants, wholesale grass dealers, owners of engineering firms and other industries as well as restaurant owners. They are followed by the large farmers who comprise around 21 per cent of the Yadav elite. Politicians (MPs, MLAs, ministers, municipal councillors, district board members, office-bearers of political parties) constitute 17 percent of the elite and school and college teachers, doctors, lawyers and engineers together another 20 percent.[98][99] Yadavs in the military The prestigious Victoria Cross, awarded for exceptional valour "in the face of the enemy".

The Ahir/Yadav community has served the Indian armed and defense forces and laid down their lives to safeguard India. Some prominent battles fought by Ahir soldiers are the Indo-China war, the kargil war [100][101] Akshardham,[102] and Parliament attacks.[103] Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav of the Indian army was awarded the highest Indian military honour, Param Vir Chakra for his actions during the Kargil War on 4 July 1999. Namdev Jadhav received Victoria cross also during the Burma Campaign of the Second World war, Havaldar Umrao Singh,[104][105] a gunner, won the Victoria Cross; which is a worldwide symbol of the recognition of the highest form of bravery in the face of the enemy; in hand to hand combat with the Japanese infantry, when its do or die squads raided his gun position, in the Kaladan Valley. He killed ten of them with his bare hands armed only with the gun bearer (a heavy metallic tool) they found him exhausted and bleeding in the morning but still alive amidst a pile of Japanese corpses littered around the gun, which, remarkably, was found to be still fit for immediate firing. In the Indo-China War of 1962, the Ahirs (almost all of them from the Ahirwal region of Southern Haryana) of 13 Kumaon Regiment set an unparallel example in the military history of Aryavart by defending their position at Rezang La in Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. The battle of Rezang La, a ridge overlooking the strategic Chushul plains in Ladakh, to defend the highest air strip in the world located at 16,000 feet just across the Chinese claim line is a chapter in the history of the Indian army which has been compared by some Indian military historians with the famed Battle of Thermopylae[citation needed]. In the final phase of the Indo-China War of 1962, where Indian units typically offered little resistance while being routed by attacking PLA[disambiguation needed] forces, the Ahir Charlie Company from 13 Kumaon Regiment, set a rare example of raw courage, bravery and dedication by literally fighting to the last man. Of the 120 defenders, only four survived, all seriously wounded. The dead bodies of those who died were discovered after the winter, frozen, mostly holding their weapons but with no ammunition. According to some accounts, several jawans, having run out of ammunition, came out of the pickets and charged the enemy with bare hands. Lance Naik Ram Singh killed several Chinese soldiers after lifting and hitting them against the rocks. It is also believed that these jawans inflicted heavy casualties on the attackers. Of the 120 soldiers, 114 were Yadavas from Ahirwal region of Haryana, Rajasthan and Delhi. On this horrific battle, Major-General Ian Cardozo, in his book Param Vir, Our Heroes In Battle writes, When Rez ng L w s l ter revisited dead jawans were found in the trenches still holding on to their weapons... every single man of this company was found dead in his trench with several bullet or splinter wounds. The 2-inch mortar man died with a bomb still in his hand. The medical orderly had a syringe and bandage in his hands when the Chinese bullet hit him... Of the thousand mortar bombs with the defenders all but seven had been fired and the rest were re dy to be fired when the (mort r) section w s overrun. General T.N. Raina said, "You rarely come across such example in the annals of world military history when braving such heavy odds, the men fought till the last bullet and the last man. Certainly the Battle of Rezang La is such a shining example." General K S Thimayya remarked, "I had said many years ago that the Army must have a Ahir Regiment. The supreme sacrifice of the Charlie Company has fulfilled my expectations. I hope a suitable memorial will be built in Ahirwal in their memory so that the generations to come may seek inspiration from the immense courage and valour of their forefathers." The heroes who were awarded the Vir Chakra in 1962 defending Rezang La were Naik Hukum Chand (posthumous), Naik Gulab Singh Yadav, Lance-Naik Singh Ram (posthumous), Subedar Ram Kumar and Subedar Ram Chander Maha Vir Chakar Rao Chiman Singh, Gokulgarh, Rewari. All were from the Ahirwal region. [104][106][107] A small memorial for the dead soldiers in Rezang La reads: How can a man die better, Than facing fearful odds, For the ashes of his fathers, And temples of his gods. To the sacred memory of the Heroes of Rezang La, 114 Martyrs of 13 Kumaon who fought to the Last Man, Last Round, Against Hordes of Chinese on 18 November 1962. Built by All Ranks 13th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment. Dialects Although the Abhiras constituted a distinct ethnic group, they spoke diverse regional dialects. The language of the Ahirs was known as Ahirani in Khandesh, resembling Marathi. While the Ahirs of Kathiawad and Kachh have a dialect which resembles Gujarathi (Bhandarkar, 1911:17). Abhira bhasha is in fact considered to be Apabhransha. In the ninth century BC, it had become the language of the people, and was spoken from Saurashtra, and Shastri (1967) proves that poetry was composed in the language around the sixth century BC. Suryavamsi (1962:14-15) mentions the following two dialects in addition to the ones above--Gaddi, which is currently the dialect spoken in Gadderan, on the outskirts of the Chamba and Kangra hills, and Gandi, spoken in some parts of Madhya Pradesh. Abhiri as a dialect has been recorded by Sanskrit poets such as Bharata and Dandin. Yadav (1916:15), notes that the dialect the people of Ahirwal in Haryana speak, has a resemblance to Rajasthani, and Grierson (1916:9), considers Ahirwati a branch of eastern Rajasthani and western Hindi. Legends of the cowherd Krishna and his dances with cowherdesses are mentioned in the Sangam classics. The term Ayarpati (cowherd settlement) is found in Cilappatikaram (Iyer, 1950). It is argued that the term Ayar has been used for the Abhiras in ancient Tamil literature, and V. Kanakasabha Pillai (1904) derives Abhira from the Tamil word Ayir which also means cow. He equates the Ayars with Abhiras, and Suryavanshi (1962:17-18) treats this as evidence of migration of the Abhiras to the south in the first century AD.

Thus, linguistic evidence is used to support the argument that the Abhiras spread to different parts of India, and that they retained different but related cultural traditions. The most common denominator, as was pointed out earlier, was a descent from the Yadu dynasty and their association with cattle.[108] Religious Seats of Yadavs Besides chiefdoms and jagirs, the Yadavas had peethams (seats) granted to them by virtue of their religious powers. For instance, there were fourteen seats (peethams) among the Yadavas of Warangal according to a sanad granted in 1425 (Shaka Samvat), by Sree Pratapa Rudra, Maharaja of Warangal, to Sree Kondiah Guru, as the head of the fourteen seats. Subsequently when Bhagyanagar was founded by Sultan Abdulla of Kutub Shahi in AD 1560 the rights of the Yadavas were acknowledged and recognized, and the name Golkonda was substituted for Manugal.[citation needed] According to the charter awarded by the Sultan Abdullah of Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1071 Hijri, Kondiah built the fort for the Sultan by using his charisma in resolving the mystery of the site, and also discovered for him gold coins buried underground. In return, the Sultan gave him the Charter conferring upon Kondiah the rights and privileges due to the head of the fourteen seats, and of twelve classes of Gollas and two classes of shepherds (Kuruba Gollas). Kondiah, although a follower of Basaveshwara (Lingayat), was the head of the Yadava Peethams. Perhaps the Gollas at this time were under the influence of Veerasaivism, although they were incorporated into the Yadava category. Bari Bari is a city and a municipality in Dholpur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Geography Bari is located at Latitude: 2638'58.77"N and Longitude : 7737'2.58"E Demographics At the 2001 India census,[1] Bari had a population of 50,475. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Bari had an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 63% of the males and 37% of females literate. 20% of the population was under 6 years of age. Rajakhera Rajakhera is a city and a municipality in Dholpur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Rajakhera is on the border of Rajasthan state. It is about 32 km from Agra Uttar Predesh and about the same distance from Dholpur. Shamshabad, Uttar Pradesh is the nearest town on Uttar Predesh border between Agra and Rajakhera. Uttagan River flows between Shamshabad and Rajakhera and forms the border of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The bridge on this river was constructed in 1964 which allowed easy commute to Agra and other major cities. Raveendra Singh Bohara of Bharatiya Janata Party won the 2008 election of MLA from Rajakhera constituency. Ex Home Minister Mr. Praduman Singh alias Kaptan Babu of Indian National Congress Party had won elections from Rajakhera constituency many times. Dholpur district has a vast area, full of rocks, especially the Dholpur and Rajakhera. Part of The Chambal valley is covered by Kachhar. Masonry stones, concrete, sandstone and lime stones are found in plenty in the area. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Rajakhera had a population of 28,339. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Rajakhera has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 61%, and female literacy is 36%. In Rajakhera, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. This is the hometown of great Somdutt Sharma. Karauli district Karauli District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Karauli is the district headquarters. The district of Karauli encompasses an area of 5530 km. It is bordered by Dholpur District to the east; by Bharatpur District to the north-east; by Dausa District to the north; and by Sawai Madhopur District to the west. The Chambal River forms the south-eastern boundary of the district, 5 K.M. far from Mandrayal across which lies the state of Madhya Pradesh. While almost the entire district is covered by hills and ravines, there are no lofty peaks, the highest having an elevation of less than 1400 feet above sea-level. Good grade stone and some iron ore comprise the mineral resources of the area. The population of the district is 1,205,631 (2001 census), indicating a population density is 218 persons per km. There are four major temples in the district: Kailadevi, Madan Mohanji, Shri Mahavirji, and Mehndipur Balaji. There is also a fort, Mandrayal. Settlements of Karauli * Hindaun Hindaun (also known as Hindaun City ( )) is a town in Karauli district in Rajasthan (India). This is the town located in the vicinity of Aravali Hills & is on the main railway track from Delhi to Mumbai, via Kota, approx. 256 km away from New Delhi. It is a subdivisional headquarters in India. Its population is approximately 125,000. This town covers an area of 10 km. Temperature in summer season ranges between 45 and 25 degrees Celsius and in winters it is between 23 and 5 degrees Celsius. Contents:- Overview/ History/ Location/ Demographics Overview The City is famous for its Red stone business. It is for information that the Famous AksharDham Temple in Delhi has been built using the same Red Stone of this area. In jaipur The Swami Narain temple is also built by this stone and also processed in Hindaun. Hindaun is also known for a special delicacy "Moong ki Barfi" (cakes made of pulses, sugar and processed butter) which is unique to Hindaun. Nearby attractions are Shri Mahabir Ji, 17 km, away from Hindaun City, which is a major pilgrim of Jains and Keladevi, a famous pilgrimage of Hindus, which is just on 1 hour and 30 minutes drive away. At both the places Special MELA (Fair) takes place in the month of March April, every year.

One more thing which is famous about Hindaun is factories of SLATE. In India, slates are manufactured in a huge amount here which are exported to abroad also. History This city is known as the land of king Hiranyakashyap, who was killed by God Narsingh. For evidences, there is a palace, a pond named after Bhakta Prahlad and a Narsingh Ji temple in hindaun. there is a 'well' also which is known as hiranyakashyap ka kua. There was a forest called Hiranya-karan-van and says that the wife of 'Bheem'(one of Pandava from MAHABHARAT) lived here. It is also the birth place of Ghatotkach(son of Bheem). It is situated very near(10 km)to Shri Mahaveer ji, a holy palace for Jain Community. It has an average elevation of 235 metres (770 feet)." World famous Red-Stone is the main reason behind getting such type of title and the city is also known for IITians who work abroad. Hindaun city was the one part of Dhundhar that was ruled by Meenas after 11 century rajput opted it and they ruled here up to 1947 . Location Hindaun is located in the east part of Rajasthan. It is at 3 hours distance from Kota, 5 hours from Delhi by train and 3 hours by bus from Jaipur, from bikaner it is about 528 km 11 hours . Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Hindaun had a population of 84,784. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Hindaun has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 49%. In Hindaun, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Karauli (also formerly spelled Karoli or Kerowlee) is a town lying in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The town is the administrative center of Karauli District, and was formerly the capital of the erstwhile princely state of Karauli. Contents Geography/ History of the town/ Princely history/ Demographics Geography K r uli is loc ted t 2630N 7701E / 26.5N 77.02E / 26.5; 77.02.[1] It has an average elevation of 275 metres (902 ft). History of the town The town dates from 1348, and is situated in a position naturally defended by ravines on the north and east, while it is further protected by a great wall. The Maharaja's palace is a handsome block of buildings, some of them dating to the late 18th century. Princely history Princely state: Karauli ( ) Region Dhundhar Flag of 19th c. Independence from: Jaipur State State existed: 10 c./19 c.-1949 Dynasty Jadauns Capital Karauli Legend has it that the princely state of Karauli was founded about 995 by Raja Bijai Pal a Yadav[2][3] ruler ; or is claimed that he was 88th in descent from the hindu god Krishna[citation needed]. Little is however known about the early history of the family; the state was long a fief in Jaipur state until the HEIC chose, in the early 19th century, to recognise Karauli as being an independent principality. In 1818, Karauli was made part of the Rajputana Agency. Flag of the princely state of Karauli The state had an area of 3,178 km (1242 square miles). In 1901, the population of the state was 156,786, and that of the town was 23,482. Millets, the staple food of the people, was the main agricultural produce. As of the early 20th century, there were no major industries; a little weaving, dyeing, wood-turning and stonecutting constituted the notable cottage industries. Most goods, as also salt, sugar, cotton, buffaloes and bullocks, were imported; rice and goats comprised the main exports. After India's independence in 1947, the state under Maharaja Ganesh Pal Deo acceded to the dominion of India on 7 April 1949; Karauli later merged with the union of India and became part of the state of Rajasthan. Main drawback of karauli is that it's not connected with any railway line.But there is a possibility now thatit can connect with a railway line through dholpur. The main village in Karauli district is Mandrayal or Mandrail. This village is famous because it joins the two states M.P. and Rajasthan. Puranmal, the Raja of Amber, fought in the battle of Mandrail in favour of Mughals in the year 1534 AD. Next year, Bahadur Shah of Gujarat besieged the fort of Chittor, upon which Humayun himself started to fight against him. Rani Karmawati, the widow of Rana Sanga, was ruling Chittor as regent. She also tried to be friendly with Mughals and sent a Rakhi to Humayun, but Humayun did not arrive in time. If he would have arrived in time and helped Karmawati, perhaps it would have been Sisodias as their close allies. However, Kachwahas became the first allies of Mughals in Rajputana. Bharmal's policy towards Mughals was merely an extension of his brother's policy. Bharmal's eldest brother Raja Puranmal died at the Battle of Mandrail in 1534, while helping Humayun to recapture the fort of Bayana. He had a son named Surajmal or Sooja. But he was not recognized as king and his younger brother Raja Bhim Singh ascended to the throne of Amber. Bhim Singh was succeeded by his son Raja Ratan Singh and Raja Bharmal succeeded him in 1548 CE. Demographics As of 2001 India census,[4] Karauli had a population of 66,179. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Karauli has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 41%. In Karauli, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hindaun (also known as Hindaun City ( )) is a town in Karauli district in Rajasthan (India). This is the town located in the vicinity of Aravali Hills & is on the main railway track from Delhi to Mumbai, via Kota, approx. 256 km away from New Delhi. It is a subdivisional headquarters in India. Its population is approximately 125,000. This town covers an area of 10 km. Temperature in summer season ranges between 45 and 25 degrees Celsius and in winters it is between 23 and 5 degrees Celsius. Contents:- Overview/ History/ Location/ Demographics Overview The City is famous for its Red stone business. It is for information that the Famous AksharDham Temple in Delhi has been built using the same Red Stone of this area. In jaipur The Swami Narain temple is also built by this stone and also processed in Hindaun. Hindaun is also known for a special delicacy "Moong ki Barfi" (cakes made of pulses, sugar and processed butter) which is unique to Hindaun. Nearby attractions are Shri Mahabir Ji, 17 km, away from Hindaun City, which is a major pilgrim of Jains and Keladevi, a famous pilgrimage of Hindus, which is just on 1 hour and 30 minutes drive away. At both the places Special MELA (Fair) takes place in the month of MarchApril, every year. One more thing which is famous about Hindaun is factories of SLATE. In India, slates are manufactured in a huge amount here which are exported to abroad also.

History This city is known as the land of king Hiranyakashyap, who was killed by God Narsingh. For evidences, there is a palace, a pond named after Bhakta Prahlad and a Narsingh Ji temple in hindaun. there is a 'well' also which is known as hiranyakashyap ka kua. There was a forest called Hiranya-karan-van and says that the wife of 'Bheem'(one of Pandava from MAHABHARAT) lived here. It is also the birth place of Ghatotkach(son of Bheem). It is situated very near(10 km)to Shri Mahaveer ji, a holy palace for Jain Community. It has an average elevation of 235 metres (770 feet)." World famous Red-Stone is the main reason behind getting such type of title and the city is also known for IITians who work abroad. Hindaun city was the one part of Dhundhar that was ruled by Meenas after 11 century rajput opted it and they ruled here up to 1947 . Location Hindaun is located in the east part of Rajasthan. It is at 3 hours distance from Kota, 5 hours from Delhi by train and 3 hours by bus from Jaipur, from bikaner it is about 528 km 11 hours . Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Hindaun had a population of 84,784. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Hindaun has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 49%. In Hindaun, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Todabhim Todabhim is a city and a "municipility" in Karauli district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Todabhim is popular of his history where "Shri Jagannath Singh ji" ruled over 500 yrs. The Jagannath singh ji is a very good warrior of the Raja Man singh's Sena. He is the Senapati of hissena. Contents:- Demographics/ Villages/ Morda/ Role of tribes Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Todabhim had a population of 20,845. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Todabhim has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 40%. In Todabhim, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Villages The city of Todabhim contains numerous villages, including: * Pahari* padampura * balghaat* badleta* Bhuda * bhandaari(internal & external)* Dorka* raajor * morda* nangal* nangal lat* mahamadpur* moondiya* lipaoli* Lala ram ka pura* mahaswa* kamaalpura* maachadi* beejalwada* bonl Morda This village is situated between Bhandari and Gadi. There is a popular water dam named "vishan samand bandh". There is a "chamtkaarik mandir" of bhagvaan govardhan...so many officers born in this village. A joint family of "bageechi vaalaas" is also famous for there talent. So many administretive and civil officers are from here. Role of tribes As Todabhim Tehsil is under a tribal belt, approximately 75% of the people in the district of Karauli are members of tribes. Mandrayal Mandrayal ( ) is a town in the state of Rajasthan, India, with a population of 23,000. It is also known as Mndrail or Mandrael. The nearest towns are Sabalgarh, Karauli. The language spoken is Hindi. Contents History/ Festivals/ Distances of places/ History Mandrayal is the main town in the Karauli district. It is most famous for joining the two states of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan and also regarding its history. Puranmal, the Raja of Amber fought in the battle called the Battle of Mandrayal in favour of Mughals. This was in the year 1534. Next year, Bahadur Shah of Gujrat besieged the fort of Chittoor, upon which Humayun himself started to fight against him. Rani Karmawati the widow of Rana Sanga was ruling Chittor as regent. She also tried to be friendly with Mughals and sent a Rakhi to Humayun, but Humayun did not arrive in time. If he had arrived in time and helped Karmawati, perhaps it would have been Sisodias as their close allies. However it were Kachwahas who became the first allies of Mughals in Rajputana. Bharmal's policy towards Mughals was merely extension of his brothers policy. Bharmal's eldest brother Raja Puranmal died at the Battle of Mandrayal in 1534, while helping Humayun to recapture the fort of Bayana. He had a son named Surajmal or Sooja. But he was not recognised as king and his younger brother Raja Bhim Singh asceneded to the throne of Amber. Bhim Singh was succeeded by his son Raja Ratan Singh and Raja Bharmal succeeded him in 1548, CE. Festivals The main religious festivals are Deepawali, Holi, Gangaur, Teej, Gogaji, Makar Sankranti and Janmashtami, as the main religion is Hinduism. Rajasthan's desert festival is celebrated with great zest and zeal. This festival is held once a year during winters. Dressed in brilliantly hued costumes, the people of the desert dance and sing haunting ballads of valor, romance and tragedy. There are fairs with snake charmers, puppeteers, acrobats and folk performers. Camels, of course, play a stellar role in this festival. Distances of places * Karauli:45 km * Gwalior:120 km * Jaipur: 160 km. * Sawai Madhopur: 100 km The Madhya Pradesh border formed by the Chambal River is 5 km away from Mandrayal. Mandrayal Sawai Madhopur district Sawai Madhopur is a city and a municipality in Sawai Madhopur District in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the administrative headquarters of Sawai Madhopur District. It is home to the Ranthambore National Park and the historic Ranthambore fortress, which lies within the national park. This area was ruled by Raja Hammir Dev ( a Rajput king ) of Chauhan lienage along with his Bargujar relatives. The area was destroyed by Allaudin Khiljee. Sawai Madhopur was built as a planned city by Maharaja Sawai Madho Singh I of Jaipur (1750-1768), who named the township after himself. Sawai Madhopur is famous for its guavas, affectionately known as "Madhopur guavas" in Rajasthan.

Contents:- Places to see/ Excursions/ Demographics/ Places to see * Ranthambore National Park * Ranthambore Fort * Chamatkaarji Atul Mittal Excursions * Siwad * Rameshwaram * Amareshwar Mahadeo * Khandar Fort * Chauth Mata temple * Kakod and Hathi Bhata * Karauli * Kaila devi * Trinetra Ganesh Temple * Shri Mahaveerji temple * Sapt-Kund, Bhagwatgarh Bonli Fort Dehlod village & Charankya river. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Sawai Madhopur had a population of 97,491. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sawai Madhopur has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 52%. In Sawai Madhopur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sawai Madhopur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. Sawai Madhopur is the chief town and district headquarters. The district has an area of 4500 km, and a population of 1,116,031 with a population density of 248 persons per km. It is bounded by Dausa District on the north, Karauli District on the northwest and west, the Chambal River, and across it Madhya Pradesh state and Kota District, on the southwest, Bundi District to the southeast, and Tonk District to the east. It contains Khandar, Bonli, Bamanwas, Gangapur, Sawaimadhopur (urban) and Tahasil. The wildlife sanctuary and historic fortress of Ranthambore, a Project Tiger reserve, lies in the district. Gangapur, Sawai Madhopur Gangapur City is a city and a municipality in Sawai Madhopur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ History/ Culture/ Medical Facilities/ Tourist Spots/ Cuisine/ Education Geography Gangapur City is located in eastern part of Rajasthan. It is situated on the Delhi-Mumbai railway route. It is in Sawai Madhopur district, known for Ranthambore National Park, which is listed as a International Union for Conservation of Nature protected site. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census, Gangapur had a population of 96,794.[1] Males constitute 53 percent of the population and females 47 percent. Gangapur has an average literacy rate of 61 percent: male literacy is 72 percent, and female literacy is 48 percent. In Gangapur, 17 percent of the population is under six years of age. History It is said that a king named Kushal Singh established this city. Initially the city was known as Kushal Garh. Later his brother Ganga Singh took control of the city and hence the name was changed to Gangapur. In olden days Gangapur City was the cultural capital of Jaipur state and was known as "the Jugad of the East". In modern times Gangapur is primarily known for being an important part of the West Central Railway.[2] The city was home to many Anglo Indian families including the Corneiles, Patmans, Gillespies, and Francises. Most of the English community has now moved away, with only a small percent remaining. Some English traditions remain in the form of place names, words, and games. Culture Hindus and Muslims form the largest religious groups, but there are some Sikh and Christian families as well. Members of the Meena community reside in the villages near around and in the town itself. Gangapurites celebrate many festivals throughout the year, including Holi, Deepawali, Vijyadashami (Dushahra), Rakshabandhan, Teej, Eid, and Muhrrum. Kalyan Ji Ka Mela (the Fair of Lord Krishna) is organized in summers (usually in May or June). Thousands of people attend this. Members of Meena and Gurjar community sing folk songs at the event, such as Dangal, Rasiya, Pad and Kanhaiya songs.on the occasion of ganesh chaturthi 10 days pooja and fair held in purani anaj mandi and on 10th day of ganesh pooja a large number of people attend the ganeshvisarjan ceremony called ganesh yatra. in ganesh yatra so many horses camels are there and many jhakies are also for amusement of people. The Chowk wale Hanuman ji ka mandir temple is a tourist and pilgrimage site in the town. Medical Facilities The city has a government owned hospital plus some privately owned hospitals and clinics. There are also several doctors in private practice. Tourist Spots Dhundheshvar, with its waterfall, is the main picnic spot for locals. Ranthumbhore National Tiger Park[3] is the main tourist site in the vicinity. Religious attractions in Gangapur and surrounding towns include Shri Mahaveerji Temple, Kaila Devi Temple, Shivar Temple, Madan Mohan Ji Temple, Jangannath Dham Temple,meen bhagwan tample. Cuisine Gangapur is famous for a special sweet called Kheer Mohan. Dal-baati-churma is a symbolic food of Rajasthan enjoyed here. Kheermohan is a sweet dish made with milk. Aloo ki special sabzi and tikkad are thick breads made of chickpea and wheat flour. Another dish is Kachori with Aloo. In winter people eat breads made of Bazra flour. People take Doodh-Rabri or Chach for breakfast. Education Gangapur's Government Senior Secondary School (also known as the Higher Secondary School) was established in 1889. Gulkandi Devi Senior Secondary Adarsh Vidya Mandir is a private school. There are four colleges in the town which provide master level degrees in arts and sciences. There are two college offering B.Ed. degrees. these days gangapur become a education hub.....coz iit pmt and ati colleges opened there. Ranthambore National Park

Ranthambore National Park (Rajasthani: ) is one of the largest national parks in northern India. It is situated in Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern Rajasthan, about 180 km from Jaipur, which is also the nearest airport. The nearest town and railway station is at Sawai Madhopur, about 11 km away. Ranthambhore was established as the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955 by the Government of India, and was declared one of the Project Tiger reserves in 1973. Ranthambore became a national park in 1980. In 1984, the adjacent forests were declared the Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary, and in 1991 the tiger reserve was enlarged to include Sawai Man Singh and Keladevi sanctuaries. Ranthambore wildlife sanctuary is known for its tigers and is one of the best places in India to see these majestic predators in the jungle. Tigers can be easily spotted even during the day time. A good time to visit Ranthambore National Park is in November and May when the nature of the dry deciduous forests makes sightings common. Its deciduous forests were once a part of the magnificent jungles of Central India. The park lies at the edge of a plateau, and is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River. There are several lakes in the park. It is named for the historic Ranthambhore fortress, which lies within the national park. The park covers an area of 392 km, and is known for its tiger population, and is one of India's Project Tiger reserves. Other major wild animals include leopard, nilgai, dhole, wild boar, sambar, hyena, sloth bear and chital. It is also home to wide variety of trees, plants, birds and reptiles. Ranthambore is also the site for one of the largest banyan trees in India. Contents:- Wildlife/ The tigers of Ranthambore/ Major Attractions/ How to get there/ General information Wildlife 3 year-old male named Baccha (Hindi: Child) residing in the reserve. Ranthambore is best known for its large tiger population. As tourism in the park increased, so did the population of neighbouring villages. This led to increasing amounts of fatal human-tiger interactions and poaching. The Indian Government started Project Tiger in 1973 with an allotted area of 60 mi2. It was later expanded to become what is now called, the Ranthambore National Park. Besides tigers, the reserve has thriving bird population with more than 270 different species of birds here.[1] In 2005, there were 26 tigers living in Ranthambore. This was significantly lower than the recorded tiger population of the reserve in 1982, which then stood at 44. According to non-government sources there were 34 adult tigers in the Ranthambore National Park in 2008. More than 14 tiger cubs were also recorded. This was largely attributed to sustained efforts by forest officials to curb poaching. Villagers in the region were being given incentives to stay out of the park and surveillance cameras were also fitted across the reserve.[2] The Indian government also committed US$153 million for the efforts.[2] These efforts have been successful with Ranthambore having enough tigers to participate in the Sariska Tiger Reserve relocation efforts.[3]The first aerial trans-location of the male tiger (Dara) from Ranthambore to Sariska was done using a Mi-17 helicopter on 28 Jun 2008 by Wing Commander Vimal Raj. But unfortunately, this translocated tiger has died on 15th November, 2010. The reasons for its death are not known as of now. The tigers of Ranthambore During the past few years, there has been a decline in tiger population in Ranthambore due to poaching and other reasons. However there were some tigers who succeeded in carrying on their genes even in such circumstances. A tigress known as "Lady of the Lakes" was, at a very young age, separated from her parents due to increase poaching in the area. The young tigress was called Macchli since she had a mark on her body which resembled a fish. She grew up with great determination for ruling the jungle. She mated with a male who resided just beside her territory and gave birth to three female cubs, one being dubbed 'Macchli - The Junior' in a documentary. Despite Macchli also being the name of her mother, the young cub found herself stuck with the designation. The father of the younger Macchli died early due to an unknown disease, which was confirmed when forest officer Fateh Singh Rathore saw him in Ranthambore. After this, the elder Macchli found the scent of a different male, known as Bumburam, and mated with him. She gave birth to two cubs. Baccha is believed to be her grandson. Major Attractions A panaromic view of Ranthambore NP from Ranthambore Fort. Forests: The Park consists of typical dry deciduous elements with Anogeissus pendula forests - a dominant tree species. However, mix deciduous elements could be seen in the valleys and along water bodies. The Flora of the Park is represented by 539 species of flowering plants. Tigers: The Park is one of the best national parks in the country to spot a tiger. This majestic predator can be spotted ambling or basking under the sun here. Safari Rides: Rides are carried out at two times: 06:30 and 14:30. Each ride lasts for about 3 hours. There are two options of vehicles for the safari : 20 seater open top canter or 6 seater open top gypsy. Each ride costs around Rs400-500 per person. The core park area has been divided into several zones and the safari vehicles go on one of those zones. Since there is a good chance of not sighting a tiger in one outing, people usually take more than one ride. There are a lot of quality resorts on the way from Sawai Madhopur to the national park. Ranthambore Fort: The majestic fort, built in 10th-century, towers over the entire park area. It stands at a height of 700 feet above the surrounding plain. Inside the fort, there are three red Karauli stone temples devoted to Ganesh, Shiva and Ramlalaji. The temples were constructed in 12th and 13th centuries. Padam Talao: This is the largest of the all the lakes located inside the park, and the beautiful red sandstone Jogi Mahal is located at the very edge of this l ke. A gig ntic b ny n tree, considered to be Indi s second l rgest, is ne r the l ke. How to get there By Air : Jaipur at 180 km is the nearest airport from Ranthambore wildlife sanctuary. By Rail : Ranthambore National Park is around 11 km away from Sawai Madhopur railway station, that lies on the Delhi to Mumbai trunk route. This is by far the best way of reaching the place from Delhi or Jaipur. By Road : A good network of buses connect Sawai Madhopur, the nearest town from Ranthambore to all the major cities within the state of Rajasthan. The frequency of direct services though is not very great. Mostly you have to first take a bus to either Tonk or Dausa. General information Aravali Range inside Ranthambhore, Rajasthan. * National Park area: 275 km core area. 392 km including buffer zone. * Tiger Reserve area: 1334 km * Altitude: 215 to 505 meters above sea level * Closest airport is Jaipur at 180 km * Terrain: Dense tropical dry forest, open bushland and rocky terrain interspersed with lakes and streams * Ecoregion: Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests * Best Season: From November to March * Closed: Monsoon season (July - August) Mahu Kalan Mahu Kalan is a census town in Sawai Madhopur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Mahu Kalan had a population of 8542. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mahu Kalan has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 45%. In Mahu Kalan, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Ranthambore Fort Ranthambore Fort is a formidable fort and has been a focal point of historical developments of Rajasthan. It is situated near Sawai Madhopur town in Rajasthan. It is surrounded today and lies within the famous Ranthambore National Park which was formerly the hunting grounds for the Maharajahs of Jaipur before Indian independence. History The fortress of Ranthambore was founded in 944 by the Tatu Meenas, (a branch of Chauhan). The fortress commanded a strategic location, 700 feet above the surrounding plain. After the defeat of the Chauhan king Prithviraj III by Muhammad of Ghor in 1192, Ranthambore, led by Govinda Raja, grandson of Pritviraj, became the center of Chauhan resistance to the expanding Sultanate of Delhi. Govinda Raja was succeeded by his son Balhana. The Delhi Sultan Iltutmish captured Ranthambore in 1226, but the Chauhans recaptured it after his death in 1236. The armies of Sultan Nasir ud din Mahmud, led by the future Sultan Balban, unsuccessfully besieged the fortress in 1248 and 1253, but captured from Jaitrasingh Chauhan in 1259. shakti Dev succeeded Jaitrasingh in 1283, and recaptured Ranthambore and enlarged the kingdom. Sultan Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji briefly besieged the fort in 1290-91. In 1299, Hamir Dev sheltered Muhammad Shah, a rebel general of Sultan Ala ud din Khilji, and refused to turn him over to the Sultan. The sultan unsuccessfully besieged the fortress in 1299, but returned in 1301 to personally oversee a long siege, and succeeded in capturing the fort. The fortress was captured by the kingdom of bemawar under Rana Hamir Singh (1326 1364) and Rana Kumbha (14331468). After the reign of Rana Kumbha's successor Rana Udai Singh I (14681473) the fortress passed to the Hada Rajputs of Bundi. Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat captured the fortress from 1532 to 1535. The Mughal Emperor Akbar captured the fortress in 1559. The fortress passed to the Kachwaha Maharajas of Jaipur in the 17th century, and it remained part of Jaipur state until Indian Independence. The area surrounding the fortress became a hunting ground for the Maharajas of Jaipur. Jaipur state acceded to India in 1949, becoming part of the state of Rajasthan in 1950. Inside Ranthambore fort there are three Hindu temples dedicated to Ganesh, Shiva and Ramlalaji constructed in 12th and 13th centuries from red Karauli stone. There is also a Jain temple of Lord Sumatinath (5th Jain Tirthankar) and Lord Sambhavanath (3rd Jain Tirthankar) within the premises. Syed Mohammad Ashraf Bikaner district Contents:- Geography/ Administrative set-up Bikaner District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The historic city of Bikaner is the district headquarters. Bikaner is also Division with the four district: Bikaner, Churu, Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh. Geography The district is bounded by Ganganagar District to the north, Hanumangarh District to the northeast, Churu District to the east, Nagaur District to the southeast, Jodhpur District to the south, Jaisalmer District to the southwest, and Punjab Province of Pakistan to the northwest. Bikaner District lies in the Thar Desert. The Indira Gandhi Canal, also known as the Rajasthan Canal, runs through the district from northeast to southwest, providing irrigation water for the district. World famous miracle temple of Karnimata in Deshnok near Bikaner also known as Temple of Rats. Administrative set-up Bikaner district has five sub-divisions: Bikaner, Nokha, Loonkaransar, Khajuwala and Dungargarh. In Bikaner there are two tehsils Bikaner and Kolayat, while in Khajuwala, there are three tehsils: Khajuwala, Chhattargarh and Pugal. Nokha, Loonkaransar and Dungargarh have only one tehsil with the same name. There are 923 villages and 219 Gram panchayats. There is one Municipal Corporation (Bikaner) and six Municipal Councils :- Deshnok, Nokha, Dungargarh, Khajuwala, Loonkaransar and Napasar. The present Collector of Bikaner is Dr. Prithvi Raj, IAS. Bikaner Bikaner is a District in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in northern India. It is located 330 kilometres (205 mi) northwest of state capital, Jaipur. Bikaner city is the administrative headquarters of Bikaner District and Bikaner division. It was formerly the capital of the princely state of Bikaner. The city was founded by Rao Bika and Jats[1] as the spot which Rao Bika selected for his capital, was the birthright of a Nehra Jat, who would only concede it for this purpose on the condition that his name should be linked in perpetuity with its surrender. Naira, or Nera, was the name of the proprietor, which Bika added to his own, thus composing that of the future capital, Bikaner.[2][3][4] in 1486 and from its small origins it has developed into the fourth largest city in Rajasthan. The Ganga Canal completed in 1928 and the Indira Gandhi Canal completed in 1987 have allowed the farming of crops such as mustard, cotton, Groundnut, wheat and vegetables. Other industries include wool production and the mining of Gypsum, plaster of Paris and bentonite. Bikaner is famous for sweets and snacks (or namkeens in Hindi). Contents:- History/ Geography Transport/ Climate/ Art & Culture/ Usta & Chadhwa Art/ Fairs and festivals/ Attractions in Bikaner and nearby/ Junagarh Fort/ Laxmi Niwas Palace/ Lalgarh Palace/ Moolnayakji/ Laxmi Nath Temple/ Bhandasar Jain Temple/ Kolayat/ Karni Mata Temple/ Shiv Bari Temple/ Camel Festival/ Other attractions/ Demographics/ Education in Bikaner/ Connectivity/ See also History Further information: History of Bikaner Genealogy of Bikaner Royal Family from its establishment by Rao Bika in 1488 Before middle 15th century rule, the region that is Bikaner was a barren wilderness called "Jangladesh".[5] The territory forming the boundaries of Bikaner was ruled by Jat dynasty of Jats :[1] The north-eastern and north-western Rajasthan, known by the name Jangala Desh since Mahabharata times, was inhabited by Jat clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law.[6] The chiefs enjoyed a large amount of autonomy, from their nominal overlord, the sultanate of Delhi. Whole of the region was possessed by six or seven Jat cantons namely Sihag, Poonia, Godara, Kaswan, Beniwal, Johiya[7] and Kaswan.[8] Besides these cantons there were several sub-castes of Jats, simultaneously wrested from Rajput proprietors for instance Bagor, Kharipatta, Mohila or Mehila,[7] Bhukar, Bhadu, Chahar.[9] According to History of Bikaner State and by the scholars, the region was occupied by Jats with their seven territories. It is said about Jat territories thatSaat Patti Sattavan Majh (means seven long and fifty-seven small territories).[10][11] It was in 1488, that Rao Bika established the city of Bikaner. Rao Bika was the second son of Maharaja Rao Jodha of the Rathor clan, the founder of Jodhpur city. He conquered the large arid lands to the northern region of Rajasthan to set up his domain. As the second son of Joda he h d no ch nce of inheriting his f thers territory of Jodhpur or to the title of M h r j . He, therefore, reconciled nd deci ded to build his own

kingdom at Bikaner at the place then called "Jungladesh". Bikaner, though a desert land of the Thar Desert, was considered an oasis on the trade route between Centr l Asi nd the Guj r t co st since it h d dequ te spring w ter sources. Bik s n me w s thus t gged to t he Bikaner city as well s to the then st te of Bik ner (the settlement of Bik ) th t he est blished. He built fort in 1478, which is now ru ins and 100 years later a new fort was built about 1.5 km from the city centre known as the Junagarh Fort. History of Bikaner and the fort within it thus start with Bika.[12][13][14] It w s only bout 100 ye rs fter Bik th t Bik ners fortunes flourished under R j R i Singhji, the sixth ruler of Bik ner, who ruled from 1571 to 1611. During the Mugh l Empires rule in the country, he accepted the suzerainty of the Mughals and held a high position of an army general in the court of Emperor Akbar and his son Emperor Jahangir. His successful war exploits by way of winning half of Mewar kingdom won him accolades and rewards from the Mughal emperors. He was gifted the jagirs (lands) of Gujarat and Burhanpur. With the large revenue earned from these jagirs, he built the Junagarh fort on a plain land, which has an average elevation of 760 feet (230 m). He was an expert in arts and architecture and the knowledge that he acquired during his several sojourns to several countries are amply reflected in the numerous monuments he built in the Junagarh fort.[12][14][15] Karan Singh who ruled from 1631 to 1639, under the suzerainty of the Mughals, built the Karan Mahal palace. Later rulers added more floors and decorations to this Mahal. Anup Singh, who ruled from 1669 98, made substantial additions to the fort complex, with new palaces and the Zenana quarter (royal dwelling for females). He refurbished the Karan Mahal with a Diwan-i-Am (public audience hall) and called it the Anup Mahal. Gaj Singh who ruled from 1746 to 1787 refurbished the Chandra Mahal (the Moon palace). Following him, Surat Singh ruled from 1787 to 1828 and he lavishly decorated the audience hall (see picture in info box) with glass and lively paintwork. Dungar Singh who reigned from 1872 to 1887 built the Badal Mahal (the weather palace) named so in view of a painting of falling rain and clouds (a rare event in arid Bikaner). Ganga Singh who ruled from 1887 to 1943 built the Ganga Niwas Palace, which has towers at the entrance patio. This palace was designed by Sir S muel Swinton J cob.[16 G ng Singhs son S dul Singh succeeded his f ther in 1943 but cceded to the Union of India in 1949. He died in 1950.[13] Bikaner came under the suzerainty of the British Raj under a treaty of paramountcy signed in 1818, where after the Maharajas of Bikaner invested heavily on refurbishing their Junagarh fort.[17] However, during the 18th century, before this treaty was signed, there was internecine war between rulers of Bikaner and Jodhpur and also amongst other thakurs, which was put down by the British troops.[14] Left: Lalgarh palace built (Indo-Saracenic style) by Ganga Singh in the name of his father, presently a heritage hotel and also residence of the Royal family. Right: Ganga Singh as member of the Imperial War Cabinet Ganga Singh was the best-known king among the Rajasthan princes and he was a favourite of the British Raj and he earned the title of Knight Commander of the Star of India. He served as a member of the Imperial War Cabinet, represented the country at the Imperial (First World War Conferences) and the British Empire at the Versailles Peace Conference and was aware of the shift of fortunes in the World War II but died in 1943, before the war was won by the allies. His contribution to the building activity in Junagarh involved separate halls for public and private audience in the Ganga Mahal and a durbar hall for formal functions. The hall where he held his Golden Jubilee as a ruler of Bikaner is now a museum. He also got a new palace -north of Junagarh fort - designed and built by Swinton, the third of the new palaces built in Bikaner and named it Lalgarh Palace in the name of his father and shifted his residence from Junagarh fort to this palace in 1902. The royal family still lives in a special suite in the Lalbagh palace, which they have converted in to a heritage hotel.[14][17] Geography Sand dunes in Bikaner, Rajasthan Transport The internal transport system in Bikaner consists of autorickshaws and city buses. Bikaner is connected to some of major Indian cities via broad gauge railway. The city has direct rail connections to Delhi, Mumbai, Kanpur, Agra, Jalandhar, Baroda, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Guwahati, Jaipur, Surat, Jalandhar, Thiruvananthapuram, Chandigarh, Jammu, and Ahmedabad. However, there is no rail connectivity for other major Indian cities like Chennai, Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Gorakhpur and Puri. Bikaner is well served with roads and is linked directly to Delhi, Jaipur, Agra, Ludhiana, Bhatinda, Ambala, Ahmedabad, Haridwar, Jodhpur, Indore and many other cities. National highways 11, 15, and 89 meet at Bikaner. Bikaner has a well equipped military airport at Nal and hopes to have a passenger airport in the near future. Climate Bikaner is situated in the middle of the Thar desert with very little rainfall and extreme temperatures. In summer, temperatures exceed 50 C and during the winter it dips to freezing point. The climate in Bikaner is characterised by extreme variations in temperature. In the summer season it is very hot when the temperatures lie in the range of 2841.8 C (82107 F). In the winter, it is fairly cold with temperatures lying in the range of 523.2 C (4174 F).[18] Annual Rainfall is in the range of 260440 millimetres (1017 in).[18][19] Art & Culture Princely flag of Bikaner Bikaner is famous for -: 1) Its camel research farm (NRCC). 2) Its "Bikaneri Bhujia. 3) Its wool production. 4) Its sweets. Bikaneri Bhujia is a spicy snack made from moth dal, spices and edible oil. Bikaner is also known for its handicrafts and leather articles, for its palaces and for having Asia's biggest camel farm. The city is also known for its intricately carved Jharokas. These red sandstone stone jalis (screens) are found on the windows of the Junagarh fort, temples and havelis (mansions of Northern India). Jalis would be used for ventilation and for women to watch the world while remaining hidden. The red sandstone for these stone window screens was supplied by the nearby village of Dulmera. Usta & Chadhwa Art Bikaner was and is the centre for Usta Art, a generic term for the Manoti-Naqqashi (embossed and unembossed floral and geometric patterned objects layered with gold) media produced by Usta family master artistans of Bikaner. The Usta artists and artisans also controlled all production of the Bikaner School "miniature" paintings using translucent and opaque vegetable and mineral watercolours from the late-16th to late-19th Century. Famous painters of the Bikaner School were Hamid Rukn-ud-din, Ahmad, Nathu ji, Nure, Rahim, Isa, Iso, Sahab-ud-din, Rehim ji and Murad. Fairs and festivals * Karni Mata fair * Gangaur * Kapil Muni fair * Camel festival: each January the state government organises a camel festival with camel races, various cultural events and a fire dance performed by the Sidh people. * Aksaye Tritya or "AKKHA TEEJ": the foundation day of Bikaner. This was the day when Rao Bika laid the foundation of the new empire. Every year on this day people from across the social spectrum enjoy themselves by flying kites or "CHANDA". They also enjoy a special meal, such as "Khichra and Imlani".

* Paryushan: The biggest festival of Jain community is celebrated with utmost fervour and dedication in the city in the Bhadrapad month of Hindu calendar. The temples are lavishly decorated. Spiritual ceremonies and fasting are seen everywhere in the city. * Kartik Poornima: The Jain community takes out a huge procession on this day consisting of paintings, palki of tirthankar and musical bands. It traverses all the areas inhabited by Jains. Local bhajan mandalis or Spritiual Bands perform with great excitement on this occasion. This festivity is unparallel in India. Attractions in Bikaner and nearby Junagarh Fort, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India Junagarh Fort The fort was built by Raja Rai Singh, the sixth ruler of Bikaner who reigned from 1571 to 1612. Rai Singh had conquered part of Marwar and had been granted territory in Gujurat and Burhanpur by the Mughal emperor Akbar as a reward for his services as military commander. This, as well as funding from Jodhpur, enabled him to build the fort. Rai Singh held high rank in the imperial courts of both Akbar and his successor, Jehangir. During his imperial service he travelled extensively, giving him an appreciation of art and architecture. These ideas have been incorporated meticulously into the architectural style of Junagarh Fort. Laxmi Niwas Palace Laxmi Niwas Palace The Laxmi Niwas Palace is a former residential palace of the king of the former Bikaner state, Maharajah Ganga Singh in Bikaner in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was designed by the British architect, Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob in the year 1902. The style of architecture is IndoSaracenic. It is now a luxury hotel owned by Golden Triangle Fort & Palace P. Ltd. The magnificent structure in red sandstone is one of the most popular destinations for tourists in Bikaner.[20] Lalgarh Palace Lalgarh Palace Lalgarh Palace was built between 1902 and 1926 according to Rajput, Mughal and European architectural styles. The building was commissioned by Maharaja Ganga Singh (18891925) in memory of his father Maharaja Lall Singh and was designed by the British architect, Sir Swinton Jacob. It is coated in red sandstone and has several grand halls, lounges, cupolas and pavilions. The building features magnificent pillars, elaborate fireplaces, Italian colonnades and intricate latticework and filigree work. The palace houses the Shri Sadul Museum as well as a large and important collection of Sanskrit manuscripts, the Anup Sanskrit Library. Though the Bikaner Royal Family still live in the palace, part of the building has been converted into a Heritage hotel operated by the Royal faimly of Bikaner.[citation needed] Moolnayakji Constructed in 1486, Moolnayakji was the first Vaishnav Temple built in Bikaner. It was the principal seat of the Vaishanv sect. The first of the Bhagavad Katha Vachaks of the Rattani Vyas clan of Bikaner Shri Rattoji Vyas gave the Bhagavad Updesh to the king, Rao Bika and his aide Salloji Rathi. This practice is carried on till date. The presiding deity is Lord Moolnayak Krishna. Bhandasar Jain Temple Laxmi Nath Temple Laxmi Nath Temple is one of the oldest temples in Bikaner. The foundation of the city was laid here in 1488 by Rao Bikaji. The temple was erected during the reign of Rao Lunkaran and was added to by Maharaja Ganga Singh. Bhandasar Jain Temple Out of the 27 beautiful Jain Temples adorning the landscape of Bikaner city, this temple dedicated to 5th Tirthankar Lord Sumatinath is considered to be the most beautiful and also the highest. This temple was built by a Jain merchant Bhanda Shah. The foundation of this temple was filled by pure ghee and dry coconuts. This temple is mainly famous for wall paintings and usta art. The temple is built of red sandstone and is divided in three floors. One can see the skyline of Bikaner by climbing to the topmost floor of this temple. Kolayat Kolayat is a famous pilgrimage spot with a temple dedicated to Kapila who, according to his devotees, sat in meditation near the lake. One week before Pushkar Festival and till one week later this lake is more interesting if you like to see Sadhus. Pushkar will have some Sadhus but Kolayat will have many hundreds. Karni Mata Temple The world famous shrine of Karni Mata can be found in the town of Deshnoke 30 km south from Bikaner on the road to Jodhpur. Karni Mata is worshiped as an incarnation of Goddess Durga. This temple is famous for rats which can be seen everywhere in the temple. Shiv Bari Temple Built from red sandstone by Dungar Singh in the late 19th century, the temple is surrounded by a wall with battlements. It has a four faced black marble statue of Shiva and a bronze Nandi facing the Shiva Lingam. There are also two large reservoirs of water known as bawaris. The temple attracts thousands of visitors during Shravan (August) especially on Mondays. Camel Festival The Bikaner Camel Festival is an event organized by the Department of Tourism, Art and Culture, of Bikaner, Government of Rajasthan. It takes place every year in the month of January. This is the festival when the ships of the desert are seen at their best. Some spectacular unusual camel performances like camel races, camel dances, and the bumpy, neck shaking camel rides take place in this event. * The Bikaner Camel Festival starts with procession of bedecked camels from the Junagarh fort. The camels are decorated in typical Rajasthani attires, colorful bridles and saddles. * The festival takes place for two days. * Camel dance performances also take place. Competitions for the best decorated camel, fur cutting design, camel milking and the best camel hair cut are coordinated. The camels display splendid footwork and they dance gracefully to the direction of their drivers. * Te nd sweets m de of c mels milk re v il ble in this festiv l. * On the second day of the festival the fleetest camels of the region take part in the camel races. The competition is fierce as the best camels compete for the prizes, which is of great honor. Thousands of excited tourists come to see this competition. They with the local people cheer the favorites. * On both the evenings the festival ends with a rendezvous with the renowned folk singers and dancers of Rajasthan. The jubilant dances swirling the ghagras, the awe inspiring fire dances and many other interesting and enthusiastic performances entertain the visitors. In the grand finale a magnificent display of fireworks take place which illuminates the desert city of Bikaner. * The Bikaner camel festival has a historical importance. The camels were very important when there were no motor vehicles. Since then the camels are an important part of transport in the city of Bikaner. you can find out event listing for Camel Festival 2011 at bikanermarket bikaner Market Other attractions * Camel Research Farm, Bikaner

* Rajasthan State Archives * Sur Sagar * Public Park and Zoo * Raj Ratan Bihariand Rasik Siromani Temple * Lakshminath Temple * Bhandasar Jain Temple * Vaidehi Global Trust * Vaishno Dham * Ganga Golden Jubilee Museum * Rampuria Havelis * Ratan Bihari Temple * Historical Gopi Nath Temple, Opp. Government Press * Devi Kund Sagar. * Gajner Wildlife Sanctuary. * Kalibangan. * Kolayat. * MUKAM Nokha * Rasgulla * Deshnok Goddess Karni Temple. * Doda thora Demographics According to the 2001 India census,[21] Bikaner had a population of 529,007. Males constituted 53% of the population and females 47%. Bikaner has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 74% and female literacy of 57%. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Education in Bikaner For notable Universities and colleges see List of universities and colleges in Bikaner:Now there are 4 Engineering colleges as Manda Institute of technology,bikaner(jaipur Road),Engineering College Bikaner,Marudhar Engineering College(Jaipur road),College of Engineering & Technology, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Jaisalmer Road, Bikaner, Newly opened veterinary University,Jaisalmer Road,Bikaner, Bikaner Technical University,Bikaner, Swami Keshvanand rajasthan agricultute University, ganganagar Road, Bikaner Government Dunger College, jaipur Road, Bikaner M.S. College for Women, Jaisalmer Road, Bikaner Keen college, Rampuria College, Joshiwara, inside kote gate, Bikaner. For notable schools see List of schools in Bikaner, Rajasthan. There are three Kendriya Vidyalaya Schools (KVs) - K.V. No. 1 (on Jaipur road),K.V. No. 2 (inside Army campus) and K.V. No. 3 Nal Bikaner (inside Air Force Station Nal Bikaner). There are convent school like Bikaner Boys School (BBS),Sophia Senior Secondary School,Delhi Public School,Dayanand Public School. K.A.M. Children Secondary School, Neel kanth Colony, In frount of Cine Magic Cinema, Rani Bazar Industrial Area, Bikaner Government Fort Sr. Sec. School, Station Road, Bikaner Govt. Sadul Sr. Sec. School, Inside Kote Gate, Bikaner Major Thomus Govt. City Sr. Sec. School, Morden Market School, Bikaner, Seth Tolaram Bafna Academy,Nokha Road,Gangashahar,Bikaner Connectivity Bikaner is well connected by road, rail and air links to the rest of the country.[22] Bikaner has an airport named Nal Airport, which is 17 kilometres (11 mi) away from the city centre and is still not fully functional. It is basically an Airport station. However, airports at Jodhpur (254 kilometres (158 mi)) and Sanganer Airport at Jaipur (352 kilometres (219 mi)) within Rajasthan provide the link. Bikaner is served by two railway stations namely Bikaner Junction (BKN)[23] and Lalgarh Railway Station (LGH).[24] These two stations connect Bikaner with other cities and towns in Rajasthan and with the major cities in North India. There is very good network of city roads also where all modes of vehicular transport communications operate. Deshnoke Deshnoke is a small town in the Bikaner district of Rajasthan, India, near the Pakistan border and about 30 km from Bikaner. Deshnoke is famous for its 600 year old Karni Mata temple where rats are worshipped. Geography Deshnoke is loc ted t 274726N 732027E / 27.79056N 73.34083E / 27.79056; 73.34083. It has an average elevation of 265 metres (869 feet). This goddess is worshiped by Bikaner districts kinds since old times. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Deshnoke had a population of 15,791. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Deshnoke has an average literacy rate of 51%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60% and, female literacy is 41%. In Deshnoke, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Dungargarh Sri Dungargarh is a city and a municipality in Bikaner district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Sri Dungargarh has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70% and, female literacy is 52%. In Dungargarh, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Khajuwala Khajuwala is a small town situated on Indo Pakistan border and is around 120 km from Bikaner in Rajasthan. It produces a lot of raw cotton and wheat. Indira Gandhi Canal has brought about development of this area. It is a big agro products market in Bikaner district. Earlier its name was beriyawali. It is aso seat in rajasthan legislative assemembly. Now elected member of legistive assembly (MLA)from khajuwala is Dr. Viswanath(BJP). Khajuwala has been given recently status of Panchayat samiti. Loonkaransar Loonkaransar is a town in the Bikaner district of Indian state of Rajasthan. It is also the headquarters of the tehsil in the Bikaner Sub-division with the same name.[1] . Salt is called "Loon" in the local language. There once was a salt lake at this location. It is dry now. Loonkaransar is located on the Bikaner-Sri Ganganagar road ( Nationa Highway15). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Loonkaransar had a population of 20,472. Males constitute 10,905 of the population and females 9,567.[3] Napasar

Napasar is a village in Bikaner District in Rajasthan, India. This is a very old village(About 600 years) in bikaner. Main occupation of people of Napasar is outside Napaser and those are located in different parts of the country like Kolkata, Surat, Assam, Mumbai, etc. This village have many Temples, including the old Shiv temple Outside the town and Sanskrit Pathshala near Ankit ojha's home. Coordin tes: 2758N 7333E / 27.967N 73.55E / 27.967; 73.55 Nokha Nokha is a city and a municipality in Bikaner district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Business Geography Nokha is loc ted t 2736N 7325E / 27.6N 73.42E / 27.6; 73.42[1]. It has an average elevation of 325 metres (1066 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Nokha had a population of 49,704. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nokha has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 48%. In Nokha, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Business Nokha has plenty of small scale industries including industries which manufacture woolen blankets,tailes, electric bulbs, fans& cable, food processing etc. Food corporation of India has a very big storage godown here and farmers around the town come and sell their produce to FCI directly. Nokha is famous for converting Military Jeeps to Open Jeeps. Cement Industry is another grooming industry in Nokha Churu district Churu is a district of Rajasthan state of western India. The town of Churu is the administrative headquarters of the district. Churu lies in the Jangladesh region of northern Rajasthan. Churu lies in 28 18' N latitude and 74 58' E longitude. It is bounded by Hanumangarh District to the north, Haryana state to the east, Jhunjhunun and Sikar districts to the southeast, Nagaur District to the south, and Bikaner District to the west. The district has an area 16,830 km, with a road length of 1901 km. The population is 1,922,908. The sex ratio is 948 females per thousand males and literacy percentage is 66.97%. There are 6 tehsils in the district, namely - Churu, Ratangarh, Taranagar, Rajgarh, Sardarshahar, and Sujangarh. The major crops are bajra and gram. The major minerals found in the district are copper and gypsum. a view of desert of churu view of desert of churu Contents :-District Officials /Visitor attractions/ Demographics/ Human Resources/ Percentage distribution of work force/ Household, Industry, and Manufacturing/ Major Crops and their Production/ Communication Facilities/ Educational Facilities/Institutions/ Industrial Scenario/ Infrastructure/ Electricity/ Water/ Road Transport/ Rail transport/ Air Transport/ Main Industries/ Famous Personalities of Churu District/ See also District Officials Positions Name of official Service Serving since Police Superintendent Nisar Ahmed Faruki IPS March 2009 Collector/Magistrate KK Pathak IAS (Indian Administrative Service) February 2009 Visitor attractions Sujangarh, Ratangarh, Sardarshahar, Tarangar, Rajgarh, Ratannagar, Chapper, Bidasar and Rajaldesar are the other major towns in the district. Tal Chhapar Sanctuary, blackbuck sanctuary, having more than 1680 black bucks and migratory birds, is the major attraction for wild life enthusiasts. The other attractions are grand palatial Havelies in Ratannagar, Ratangarh and Sardarshahar towns, the Hanuman temple at Salasar, the Venkateshwar temple at Sujangarh, the birth place of local deity Goga Pir in Dadrewa and the Gurudwara in Sahawa. a recently made Ichchhapurna Balaji Temple at Sardarshahar. Bhadrakali Temple at Rajaldesar is popular among Shakta Tantra followers of all over India, it is established by Anant Shri Vibhushit Dandi Swami Jogendrashram ji Maharaj. Demographics Human Resources * Population: 19,22,908 * Density of population (persons/km): 114 * Literacy: 66.97% * Working Population (per cent of total population): 29.50% Percentage distribution of work force * Cultivators: 73.17% * Agricultural labourers: 3.16% Household, Industry, and Manufacturing * Processing, servicing, and repairs: 2.26% * Other workers: 21.41% Major Crops and their Production 1999-2000 (tonnes) * Bajra: 27 * Wheat: 60,654 * Rapeseed and Mustard: 24,705 * Pulses: 9,594 * Gram: 316 * Moong * Moth * Guar * Til Communication Facilities * Post offices: 392 * Telegraph offices: 89 * Telephone exchanges: 83 * Public call offices: 682 Educational Facilities/Institutions * Primary and middle schools: 1472 * Secondary and higher secondary schools: 207

* ITIs: 3 * Post graduate and under graduate: 11 * 14 Private BED College & 01 Govt BED College Industrial Scenario * No. of Large and Medium Scale Units: 2 * No. of Small Scale Units: 3,963 * No. of Industrial Areas: 6 Infrastructure Electricity Power supply to the district is from Bhakra Hydel Complex through 132 kV lines coming via Hissar in Haryana. Of the total 926 villages in the district, 902 villages have been electrified. Water Water is available at the depth of 30 to 48 m except in some places viz. Sujangarh and taranagar tehsils. Road Transport The district has good connections within and outside the State. National Highway No.11 (Agra-Bikaner) passes through the district. The total length of roads in the district is 3,010 km and is in Delhi. Rail transport Churu district is served by meter gauge lines of the Northern Railway (India) and the Western Railway (India). Total length of rail line is 363 km. Air Transport Nearest airport is at Jaipur (189 km). Main Industries Aluminium utensils, Blanket Weaving, Cement, Churan and Chatni, Guargum, Handicraft items on Sandal Wood, Handloom Cloth, Iron and Steel Fabrication, Oil Mills, Papad and Mangori, Polythene Films and Bags, Salt, Sand Lime bricks, Steel Furniture, Toilet and Washing Soap. Famous Personalities of Churu District * Lakshmi Mittal - the "Steel King" was born at Sadulpur in Churu District * Gaurav Sharma- A world famous Mountaineer & Adventurist, who successfully climbed Mount Everest on 20 May 2009. * Bimal Jain- Former RBI Governorn * Devendra Jhajharia - India's first ever gold medalist at the Paralympics * Narendra Budania - Member of Parliament. * Ram Singh Kaswan - Member of Parliament. * Kanhaiya Lal Sethia- Eminent Rajasthani Writer. See also * Churu (Lok Sabha constituency) * Churu * Ratangarh * Sadulpur * Sardarshahar * Dungargarh * Sujangarh * Sandwa * Tal Chhapar Sanctuary Churu (Hindi: ) is a town in the desert region of Rajasthan state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Churu District. It lies in the Thar Desert on the National Highway-65 connecting Pali to Ambala and is a junction station on the railway line to Bikaner. It is near the shifting sand dunes of the Thar Desert and has grand havelis with marvelous fresco paintings, namely Kanhaiya lal Bagla ki Haweli and Surana Haweli, with hundreds of small windows. It also has some fine Chhatris. Near the town is a religious seat of the Nath sect of Sadhus where there are lifesize Marble statue of their deities and a place for prayers. There stands a Dharam Stup, a symbol of religious equality. At the centre of the town is a fort built about 400 years ago. Contents:- History/ Economy/Geography/Demographics/Infrastructure/Places of worship and sites/Havelis/Administration/Notable people/ Monuments/ Climate History The city of Churu was founded in 1620 by a Jat chieftain Churru.[1][2] It was part of Jangladesh prior to annexation by Rathores.[3] Churu was ruled by Thakur Maldeo, the grandson of Rao Kandhal or Rawat Kandhal and uncle of Rao Bika, the Rathore Rajputs of Bikaner.[citation needed] In 1871 Churu fall to Bikaner. In this battle between the forces of Churu and Bikaner when all the copper and brass had been exhausted, Churu Thakur asked his womenfolk to part off their silver ornaments and with this metal, shells for the cannons were made and used in the battle.[citation needed] Thakur Saheb Shri. Randhir Singh Ji the present Thakur Saheb of Churu is Living with his family at "Churu House" Bikaner. The temples of Salasar Balaji & Balaji Babosa are situated in the Churu district. Before independence, it was a part of Bikaner State. The district came into existence in 1948 comprising three tehsils Churu, Rajgarh and Taranagar when the administration of Bikaner State was reorganized. A view of the desert near Churu Economy The economy of the town and surrounding area is mainly based on agriculture and animal husbandry. The oilseeds, especially mustard seed, is the predominant crop in recently developed small, well-irrigated fields. Wheat, kharif pulses, bajra (pearl millet), and gwar are other produces. Churu is the main mandi (market) for agricultural produce of the area. The town has a Krishi Upaj Mandi Samiti (Agricultural Produce Market Committee) . The Food Corporation of India has its warehouses in Churu. The town is the main supply point for surrounding villages. There is no large or medium size industry in the industrial area. The main small-scale industries are granite slabs and tiles, cutting and polishing, and mustard seed crushing. the city is recognise by the main area of the city name KALERA BASS surrounding areas of CHANDANI CHOWK, ADARSH NAGAR, BALMIKI BASTI, MOCHIWARAH,VANVIHAR COLONY,NAYA BAAS, etc. Geography Churu is located at 2818N 7457E / 28.30N 74.95E / 28.30; 74.95.[4] It has an average elevation of 292 m (958 ft). CHURU is a district of enchanting topography in Thar Desert. The Churu City is encircled by large shifting sand dunes. The area is scanty in vegetation. Phoge and Kair bushes and Khejra, Royara and Babul trees are to be mainly found on the sand dunes. In the towns Neem and Peepal and Sira trees can also be noticed. One can find Sand dunes all over the area with a couple of small limestone hills.

The region boasts record temperatures ranging from below freezing point in the winters to over 50 degrees I the summer afternoons. Before dawn in the months of December/ January one may not be surprised to notice ice in small waterpots or frozen water dews on the little vegetation. Yet one may find that summer nights are cooler and winter days are warmer. The variation in the minimum and maximum temperature is perhaps greatest for any place in the world. Perhaps it is the only place in the world where temperature dips below sub-zero but does not have snowfall. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[5] Churu had a population of 97,627. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Churu has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72% and, female literacy is 51%. In Churu, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Infrastructure Sanitation Churu was rated as the least sanitary city in India, coming bottom of the ranking list of 423 towns and cities in the country.[6] Transport Churu is a junction station on Rewari-Bikaner railway line. The railway track is metre gauge and is being converted to broad gauge. Churu lies on NH 65 and is connected to all major cities by all-weather roads. Electricity There is one sub grid station of 220 KV at Churu itself. The town receives power from Power Grid Corporation of India's grid station in Hissar Haryana. Almost all villages of the Churu sub division are electrified. Water The town gets drinking water from local wells which is hard and brackish. The town area drinking water supply is managed by water dept. of Govt. of Rajasthan. The Govt. is trying to get drinking water for the area from Indira Canal. The main source of irrigation for farmers continues to be rain water and wells at a few places. Accommodation There are a few hotels in the town. Rathore Lodge and Hotel Natraj are two of them. There is a Government Rest house and Circuit House run by Public Works Department(PWD) of Rajasthan government. Education The town has a post-graduate college (Lohia College) affiliated to University of Bikaner. There are several higher secondary, secondary and primary schools in Churu. Major schools of Churu are: The Walden Pond Sr. Sec. School, Lakshmipat Singhania Academy, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Adarsh Vidya Mandir, Montesory School, Jain Swetambar School and Bagla senior secondary school (the oldest of Shekhawati region by Bhagwandas Bagla(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagwandas_Bagla), Eurokids pre-school teaching children education services(Dr. Ravi Sharma). NGOs There are a few NGOs in the town. Marudhar Yuva Sansthan, Dudhwa Mitha is one of them. It is a youth orgenisation which works on youth development and sanitation. Telecommunications All the basic phone and cellphone service provider companies like BSNL, Vodafone, Airtel,TATA and Idea have their network in Churu. Internet and fax services are available.Tata teleservices cater the rural telephony in the villages having base of 70 k rural ph in villages Hospitals Churu has good medical facilities. The town has a government hospital(bharatiya) which has very good medical facilities and a few private hospitals. There is an Aryuvedic hospital too. Sports The town has a sports stadium. It has indoor and outdoor games facilities. The yearly state-level tournaments can be held here. Adventure sports like Parasailing, Paramotoring, Rappelling are also conducted in Churu by Youth Adventure Sports Institute. Banking Many nationalised banks State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur, Punjab National Bank, Bank of Baroda, Rajasthan Bank, State Bank of India,ICICI,HDFC and some other banks have branches here. Some co-operative banks (Churu Central Cooperative Bank and Bhumi Vikas Bank) also have branches in the town. Library The town has a public library managed by the government. Places of worship and sites There are many temples in the city mostly dedicated to Hindu deities Hanuman, Balaji Babosa, Bhagwan Ram, Krishana, Satyanarain, Durga Mata, Santoshi Mata Local Deities Gogaji, Ramdeoji, Veer Vigga Karni Mataji, Shitala Mata and a few Mosques as well as a Digambar Jain Mandir. * Salasar Balaji. * Icchapurna Balaji Mandir, Sardarshahar. * Babosa murti sthal (65-foot-tall (20 m) statue on NH 65) * Marda SatiI Mandir * Balaji Babosa Temple * Digambar Jain Temple * Upahshara Jatiji * Ganesh Temple Dar-E-Gah of Hajarat Sabir Ali Shah Jasrasar Churu * Shyam Temple * Ram Mandir * Punchmukhi Balaji * Shaniji * Gogaji * Shitala Mata Others * Bhaninath Muth * Dharam Stupa [All religion Tower Temple]. * Shri Akshay Shakti dham, parsneu(ratangarh) * Shri Ram Mandir Dulrasar, Jiwani Sakati Ashram (Balaji Dham) * Gurukul Vidyalaya * Bhagwati Bhadrakali Shaktipeeth Ashram, Rajaldesar * Dandiswami Jogendrashram, Rajaldesar * Jeen Mata mandir near kalera bass forest chowki * Siv ji mandir near Kalera Bass forest chowki Havelis The Marwari merchants of the town, having business connections all over India, added to its splendour by building beautiful majestic havelis, made of lime and brick and decorated them by the best of the frescoes on the facade as well as inside of the rooms. The best of the masons and 'Chitera' or painters were employed to decorate these buildings. Initially, the Chiteras practised dry and wet methods using mineral and vegetable colours. Later on, around in 1860s they made brighter and colorful paintings with the help of chemical colours. Some merchants, the Mantries, Suranas & Kotharis got few rooms painted in gold with extensive mirror work. The prosperity of Churu reached its zenith in 18th century when the atmosphere of peace and security prevailed and the caravans passed through. Consequently, the business of wool, silk, opium and spices

flourished. The merchants moved away to the British India and onwards to Calcutta and other business centers in central India. They made a lot of money using their unique business acumen and decided to raise the palatial houses for their families in Churu. The best example of such a haveli is almost 100 year old 'Mal ji ka kamra' or 'Malji's Haveli'. [1][2]. It was build by Malaji Kothari and it took 17 years to complete the construction of this haveli. It gives a picturesque look and is renowned for its Italian-Rajasthani architecture, fresco art and royal lavish look. This is situated in the heart of the old city and surrounded by crowded group of other havelis. The havellies were impressively decorated with Belgian etched kaleidoscopic glasses in many shapes and designs. Their intricate designs and their carved woodwork doorframes are admirable. Their arch shaped gateway with provision for two seats on both the sides and their stipulations for privacy in the inner courtyard for the womenfolk are of note. Special care was taken about the security of the inmates and thus they used to make thick and blind outerwalls in the earlier times. Only the upper stories had windows small and big neatly decorated with wooden inlaid doors. These Havellies are best known for their colorful murals {wall paintings} within fresco artwork. The variety of the subjects incorporated in these murals can be of great interest for any Research Scholar. Once can discover the portraits and details of Hindu mythological gods such as Raja Ram along Sita, Hanuman, the Bhairav, Goddess Kali and the Romantic and artistic depiction's of Lord Krishna along with Radha and other maids. The pre- historic Epic Ramayana's portraitures in golden n works also find place on many ceilings of the massive temples & Havelis and the domes of the Chhatris. Wall paintings of a sea Vessel made in Germany, Dhola-Maru and Sassi-Punnu {the Rajasthani versions of RomeoJuliet}. The Hess Christ, Railway Station to the center plan of a city, Jesus smoking a cigar, a Railway Train, a Limousine etc., etc. are the other themes that can be noticed among many. AT some sites neatly placed one may find erotic scenes as well. Many people from Churu are now settled in Mumbai, Kolkatta and are engaged in trade, building, construction and export-import and other businesses. Some well known business houese are MARDA GROUP,Surana group, Bagla group business houses,. Some people from Churu presently reside in Bangalore, and Ahmedabad too. They keep regular contact with Churu through social and religious functions. Administration Churu constituency elects one member to the Vidhan Sabha ( Rajasthan State Assembly) & one to LokSabha (Indian Parliament) Notable people * Lakshmi Mittal, Steel tycoon born in Sadulpur village in Churu district * Late Jodhraj Sarawagi, Prominent educationist born in Sahawa village in Churu district * Great Freedom fighter,Late Dhanpat Kalla born in churu city * Bharat Vyas,was a noted Indian lyricist who wrote the songs for Hindi films in 1950s and 1960s * Vaidya Shant Sharma,[1890-1984] Freedom Fighter, Social Worker, and a Successful Physician in Churu District. Monuments * Fort Chur Climate Churu city is situated at 26 36'N 75 27'E. This City shows maximum range of temperature in any given 12 month and often comes into news for extreme temperatures in winters and summers; with lowest rain. The recorded minimum and maximum temperatures are -6 C (21 F) and 52 C (125 F) respectively. Bidasar Bidasar is a city and a municipality in Churu district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Bidasar is a place where marble is produced in its own unique manner and it is highly valued for its beauty, strength and resistance to fire and erosion. It is commonly used for flooring, interior and exterior wall cladding, interior and exterior paving, residential & commercial counter tops, table tops to produce magnificent tile floors, kitchen countertops, marble bathroom vanities, marble wall tile and even columns, slabs, balusters, capitals, columns, fountains, fireplaces, pots, urns and various carved articles. It has also been used in most of the Hindu temples around this town. Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Transportation/ Temples/ School/ More information Geography Bid s r is loc ted t 2750N 7418E / 27.83N 74.3E / 27.83; 74.3.[1] It has an average elevation of 304 metres (997 feet). The area is also very sandy and extremely rocky. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bidasar had a population of 30,103. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bidasar has an average literacy rate of 45%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 56% and female literacy of 34%. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Transportation Getting to Bidasar and out of it is very big efficient. There are numerous forms of transportation available to you. These are: * Buses - There are buses running every 30 minutes going to Chadvas, Chappar and Sujangarh which are just a few kilometres away. For longer trips, there are buses running everyday to Delhi, Jaipur, Bikaner and other major cities within Rajasthan and out of it as well. * Auto-rickshaws - Bidasar is no small town and so there are auto-rickshaws which can get you to any place within the area. * Railway - Although there is no railway station in Bidasar, you could always catch a bus to Sujangarh and get your destination from there. * Taxis - There are a lot of cars lined up close to the bus station and the drivers would be more than willing to take you anywhere you say in the country. Bidasar and Dariba are twin towns. They are now merged togethers. Previously it was a town dominated by jain community but now most of the jains migrated to metro cities and the nearby village communities settled here. The Muslim community is increasing here. the most happening market is Nagina Bajar. There is Gurjar community becoming stronger today. The Jats of nearby villages are dominating the town. The jain community is still ruling the power. The education is transforming the new generation. Many a students are going out to the nearby cities like Bikaner and Jaipur for further studies to connect with the world and get in touch with the outer world. Many a students are going for MBAs and Engineering. The place has a great potential for tourism development. The place is a door to Thar Desert and is near to Tal Chhapar sanctuary and is on the way to Bikaner from Jaipur. The nearby village Gopalpura is identified as a model village for village tourism. The place has an important destination The Dungar Balaji- a picnic spot for local people. The place can be developed as a major tourist destination. Temples SHREE GODHIA BALAJI SHREE TOLIASAR BHERUNJI SHREE RAMDEVJI SHREE SITLAMATAJI SHREE SATIMATAJI SHREE DURGA MATA MANDIR SHREE KASHI PUR BALAJI SHREE VISWKARMA MANDIR [DARIBA]

SHREE KARNI MATA MANDIR [DARIBA] SHREE GOGA JI KI MEDI [DARIBA] SHREE BALAJI MANDIR [P.W.D. ROAD DARIBA] School SHREE JATHMAL JIVRAJ SEKHANI ADARSH VIDYA MANDIR GYANL JYOTI S.SEC.SCHOOL SARSWTI BAL NIKETAN == Sri Bal Bari sr sec school== SHIVAJI BAL NIKETAN SEN. SEC. SCHOOL VIDHYA BHARTI SEN.SEC. SCHOOL Vidya Vihar Public School, Bidasar Balbari Public School, Bidasar [AND ALL 56 SCHOOLS IN BIDASAR] gopal public school More information The social community of Bidasar is led by Swetembar Terapanth. Terapanth is a branch of Jainism which is significantly evident in this town. This place has lot of historical importance for jainism, it is being narrated in history that burning coals rained from sky when the founder saint of terapanth, Acharya jaya(disciple of ACHARYA BHIKSHU), was worshiping in Bidasar. The social community of Bidasar is led by Swetembar Terapanth. Terapanth is a branch of Jainism which is significantly evident in this town. This place has lot of historical importance for jainism, it is being narrated in history that burning coals rained from sky when the founder saint of terapanth, Acharya Shri Bhikshu Swami Ji, was worshiping in Bidasar. In Bidasar, there are so many religious functions arrenged at all festivals. Most of all THE DANDIA NARITYA is much famous function during THE NAVRATRA FESTIVAL. RAMLEELA is also a famous play, which is played every year by bidasar's youngsters in Navratra. Chhapar Chhapar is a city and a municipality in Churu district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Chhapar is located in the Churu district of Northwestern Rajasthan in the Shekhawati region of India. It is 210 km from Jaipur and situated on road from Ratangarh to Sujangarh. The Tal Chappar lies in the Sujangarh Tehsil of Churu District. It lies on Nokha- Sujangarh state Highway and is situated at a distance of 85 KM from Churu & about 132 km from Bikaner. The nearest Railway station is Chappar which lies on Degana Churu Rewari broad gauge line of Northern Western Railways. The nearest Airport is Sanganer (Jaipur) which is at a distance of 215 km from Chappar. It is known for black bucks but it is also home to a variety of birds. Here is a famous sanctuary known as Tal Chhapar Sanctuary The Tal Chhapar sanctuary is located on the fringe of the Great Indian Desert. Tal Chhapar nestles a unique refuge of the most elegant Antelope encountered in India, "the Black buck". Tal Chhaper sanctuary, with almost flat tract and interspersed shallow low lying areas, has open grassland with scattered Acacia and prosopis trees which give it an appearance of a typical Savanna. The word "Tal" means plane land. The rain water flows through shallow low lying areas and collect in the small seasonal water ponds. The Geology of the zone is obscured by the wind blown over-burden. Some small hillocks and exposed rocks of slate and quartzite are found in the western side of the sanctuary. Area between hillocks and the sanctuary constitutes the watershed area of the sanctuary. The whole sanctuary used to be flooded by water during the heavy rains but with salt mining going on in the watershed. Hardly any rain water falling on the hillocks reach the Sanctuary Contents Geography/ Demographics/ Roads/ Heritage on Wheels: Tal Chhapar/ Shekhawati/ Schools, Colleges, Hospital, Dharamshalas/ Famous people Geography Chh p r is loc ted t 2749N 7424E / 27.82N 74.4E / 27.82; 74.4. The sanctuary is named after Chhapar village which is located at 27-50' North and 74-25' East. It is a flat saline depression locally known as "Tal" that has a unique ecosystem in the heart of the Thar Desert, Perched at a height of 302 meters (990 feet) above sea level. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Chhapar had a population of 17,855. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Chhapar has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 65% and female literacy of 46%. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Roads Chhapar is well connected by roads with almost all major cities of Rajasthan and New Delhi. National Highway 65 passes through it. Chhapar that connects it to Jodhpur and Chandigarh. Other than this, Rajasthan Mega Highway also passes from the town which connects it to Ajmer and Hanumangarh. The direct bus service is available for Delhi, Surat, Ahamdabad, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Kota, Ajmer, Bikaner, Ganganagar, Hisaar, Roorkee, Haridwar, Indore, Ludhiana and many other near and far towns. Heritage on Wheels: Tal Chhapar/ Shekhawati The next destination of the Heritage on Wheels sojourn is Shekhawati region. Shekhawati is one of the richest regions, in terms of art and crafts, of Rajasthan. Creating beautiful images with vibrant colors is a way of life of the artists of the Shekhawati region. The best exponents of Shekhawati art and paintings are the Havelis of the Shekhawati. Mandawa and Nawalgarh display some of the best Shekhawati paintings on the walls of their Havelis. The same artistic tradition of frescoes is visible in other less known towns of the Shekhawati region. It is just amazing to see the plethora of murals in a land otherwise known as impoverished desert. Besides the tour of various places of Shekhawati, you will be taken to the Tal Chappar Wildlife Sanctuary as well. It is all because of The Tal Chhapar Sanctuary, and is famous for its black bucks. It is a flat saline depression, with a unique ecosystem. During September, the Tal Chappar wild life sanctuary comes alive with the chirping of various migratory birds including montagur's, marsh harrier, pale harrier, imperial eagle, tawny eagle, short toed eagle, sparrow hawk, skylark, crested lark, ring drove, brown dove, blue jay, green bee eaters, black ibis and demoiselle cranes. Tour Schedule: 04:00 Hrs: Arrival at Padhiyar Railway Station 07:15 Hrs: Departure. 07:30 Hrs: Arrival at Tal Chhapar and sightseeing. 09:00 Hrs: Departure. 11:00 Hrs: Arrival at Ramgarh. 11:15 Hrs: Departure for sight seeing Ramgarh. 11:30 Hrs: Sight seeing of Ramgarh Havelis (Mahanser). 12:30 Hrs: Sight of Mandawa Havelis and Cenotaphs 13:30 Hrs: Lunch at Mandawa Resort.

15:00 Hrs: Departure for Nawalgarh. 16:15 Hrs: Arrival at Nawalgarh and sight seeing. 17:30 Hrs: High Tea at Nawalgarh. 19:30 Hrs: Arrival on Board. 20:00 Hrs: Dinner on Board. Schools, Colleges, Hospital, Dharamshalas Schools * Boys High Secondary School * Girls High secondary school * TolaRam Bhansali Bal vidya Mandir * Adarsh Vidya Mandir Secondary school * Adarsh Vidya mandir Primary School * Anuvrat Vidya Mandir * Shri Ram Bal Vidya Mandir * Tagore Public School * Marudhar sikshan Sansthan * Vivekanand Sickchan shanst Guest Houses * Maheshwari Bhawan * Mundhara Guest House * Kalu Kalyan Kendre * Oswal Bhawan * Jajoo Bhawan * Somani Guest House * Lakhotia Guest House * Periwal Dharamshala * Brahaman Lokhitkarinui Shabha Hospitals * Govind Ram Periwal Govt. Hospital * Ganpati Hospital Stadium * Vrindavan Stadium Goushala * Shri Ram Goushala Famous people A philosopher and saint named Acharya Kaluram or Acharya Kalu Gani, the eighth head of famous Jain Swetambar Terapanth religion belongs was born in Chhapar. He was a great scholar of the Sanskrit, Rajasthani and Hindi languages and led over a thousand followers and monks. Today, he has millions of followers throughout world. The famous Acharya Shree Tulsi succeeded him and Achrya Shree Mahapragya is the 10th Successor and head of the Terapanth Sect of the Jain religion. * Late Punam Chand Dudhoria was a great social figure, interested in Collecting Granths( sacred books ) * Late Shubhkaran Dudhoria S/o Late Sh.Punam Chand Dudhoria was a great social figure & actively organised many social and entertainment events. * Late Sobha Chand Bhansali there's a truth that when he died Kesar( which is saffron ) fell from skies...He took Santhara (in jainism it's a self giving life for Moksh) * Late Govind Ram Ji Borayara Purohit & astrologar Famous in all over India born in Chhapar. * Thanmalji Taparia a great social worker born in Chhapar. * Udaychandji Mundhara a social worker who established Ayurvedik Dhawakhana. * Chenroop ji Dayma most famous in all over India born in chhapar. *Amit Taparia the first person who spread the fame of Chhapar as well as Tal Chhapar Senctuary on the online. Not only this he made so much effort for collecting datas for writing about Tal Chhapar Sanctuary. * Jodhraj ji Jajoo is a great social person, born in chhapar. * Late Hulaschandji Lahoti, was a successful politician former MLA(Congress-I) from Bihar S/o Late Bhanwarlalji Lahoti former chairman of Chhapar Municipality. * Mudit Vijay Dudhoria, the founder of terapanthtalchhapar.com , youngattitudeindia.com and he is also the Part of the UN country team (India) ... * Sanwarmal ji Pandiya, social worker and part of municipal board.Every one knows him, wel educated person,as well as Jodhraj ji Jajoo. Dungargarh Sri Dungargarh is a city and a municipality in Bikaner district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Sri Dungargarh has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70% and, female literacy is 52%. In Dungargarh, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Rajaldesar Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Famous for Rajaldesar is a city and a municipality in Churu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography R j ldes r is loc ted t 2802N 7428E / 28.03N 74.47E / 28.03; 74.47[1]. It has an average elevation of 318 metres (1026 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Rajaldesar had a population of 22,837. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Rajaldesar has an average literacy rate of 48%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 36%. In Rajaldesar, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. The name of this village is on Bikaner's ruler his highness Gangbahadur Maharaja Ganga Singh's Mother Rajal bai. Famous for

Rajaldesar is a great place of celebrating HOLI, a festival of colors with Dance called Ghinad which had been started by its locales around 16th century. Every year, most natives of this town get together to celebrate Holi. Ghinad is a dance style among the males where they dance with different kind of costumes being female, ghost, history hero, junglee or god character to dance with. There are two places in the town where the Ghinad can be enjoyed. Apart from this famous Ghinad, you can enjoy the Chang (one kind of drumlike instrument) masti. You can call it a dance season where nobody wants to let go the celebration chance. In rajeldesar three temples of shri sanchiya mata ji maharaj are there. Oldest temple of mata ji is in front of chand mal shubh karan baid niwas. Mirja mal ji pitar ji maharaj is famous in rajeldesar. Rajaldesar is also famous for sweet called "pede" and bangels of lakhs called "chudi-patla". there are other many temple like ramdeoji ka mandir, hanuman ji ka mandir (bus stand), sedhal mata mandar shivalaya mehandipur balaji tample malasi mandir laxminarayan mandir gangaji ka mandir JAIN MANDIR(estd 600yr ago). union club is a great trust make schools watar solusation and other activities. friends club, rajaldesar gaushala jain swetamber terapanthi shabha.. "sankat mochan dhaam" is one of the sacred temple of rajaldesar.sankat mochan dhaam attracts innumerable worshippers throught the year.rajaldesar is also renowned as dev bhumi. Rajgarh Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Transport Rajgarh is a city, a municipality and a Tehsil in Churu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Rajgarh is having great history. It is a desert area and having salty water. It is native place of well known for origin of Lakshmi Niwas Mittal, owner of Arcelor Mittal Known as Steel man. Rajgarh gave the world famous economist Vimal Jalan and young politician Mr. Vimal Poonia Sarpanch of GP Bewad whose grandfather Mr. Subhash chandra Poonia was an honest & popular Pradhan of panchayat samiti Rajgarh. Well known mathematician Prashant Poonia. Gugoji is holy place also located in Churu district. Gugoji is famoues known as god of snakes. many peoples from North and all over India come to pray here. R jg rh is loc ted t 2618N 7437E / 26.3N 74.62E / 26.3; 74.62[1]. It has an average elevation of 479 metres (1571 feet). Rajgarh is also known as Sadulpur. This District of Churu is also the hottest place in the country with the temperatures peaking up to 50 degrees and winters temperature dipping below 0. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Rajgarh had a population of 48,057. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Rajgarh has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 65%. Transport It is situated on the main Delhi-Bikaner rail link. It takes around 5 hours from Delhi (en route you would cross major stations like Gurgaon, Rewari, Mahendergarh, Loharu). By road, it is around 240 km from Delhi. One needs to take NH-10 via Rohtak, Hissar (170 km), then needs to take NH-65 on Hisar-Jodhpur Road (70 km). Shorter route from Delhi is via Rohtak, Bhiwani, Bahl (around 210 km). But travelling in own conveyance during night is not advisable. Ratangarh Contents:- Geography/ Notable structures/ Connectivity/ Demographics/ Cultural notes Ratangarh ( ) is a town in the Churu district in Rajasthan, India. Ratangarh was previously called Kolasar. It is famous for grand havelis (mansions) with frescoes, which is an architectural speciality of the Shekhawati region. Ratangarh is also famous for its handicraft work. Geography R t ng rh is loc ted t 2805N 7436E / 28.08N 74.6E / 28.08; 74.6. It has an average elevation of 312 metres (1023 feet). Ratangarh is situated in the Thar Desert, on the dhoras (large sand dunes). Some neighborhoods in town are named after these dhoras. Notable structures The Raja of Bikaner, Ratan Singh, built a massive fort at Ratangarh in 1820 AD. The market place of the town is in the shape of a cross suggesting that the city was planned before construction. An array of stately havelis line the main crossing, which is also graced by a Clock Tower. The town is the site of a major power station, supplying electricity is supplied from Ratangarh up to Jaipur. Connectivity Ratangarh is a major rail head in northern Rajasthan, connecting Bikaner and Jodhpur to Delhi via railways. However, trains between Delhiand Jodhpur no longer run on this route as this is scheduled for gauge conversion under project Unigauge. Ratangarh is situated in National Highway 11 (running between Bikaner, Jaipur, and Agra), very close to National Highway 65 connecting Pali to Ambala. It also connects the northern tip of Rajasthan (Hanumangarh-Sriganganagar) to Jaipur and Ajmer through the High-speed State Megahighway system; roads are in place between Hanumangarh and Ratangarh, and between Ratanagarh and Ajmer. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Ratangarh had a population of 63,463. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Ratangarh has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 53%. In Ratangarh, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Cultural notes There are so many temples in Ratangarh that it has earned the nickname "the Varanasi of Rajasthan". Ratangarh has been a major center for studies in Sanskrit for more than two hundred years. There are several Sanskrit schools and colleges that add to the aura of the city. Ratannagar Ratannagar is a city and a municipality in Churu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Ratannagar had a population of 11,018. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Ratannagar has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 49%. In Ratannagar, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sardarshahar Contents:- Location/ History/ Education/ Havelis Sardarshahar is a town in the Churu district of Rajasthan. Location Sardarshahr is a town and also Tehsil of district Churu in Rajasthan and it is situated 217 km from Jaipur Via Sikar , Ratangarh 49 kilometers from Ratangarh. Also it is about 135 km from Bikaner. History The name Sardarshahar is due to Prince Sardar Singh who was the first king of Sardarshahar.

The Oswal Jain merchant community mostly inhabits the town situated in the Thar Desert. It has elegant havelis adorned with colourful fresco paintings and carved woodwork. It also has a small fort that now houses the government offices. Prince Abhimanyu developed the local ghantaghar. He donated his entire wealth and the whole of his life to create it. Education Sardarshahar has become an education hub in the churu district. The IASE D University is a constituent of Gandhi Vidya Mandir (GVM). The foundation stone of the 1,200-acre (4.9 km2) campus university was laid in 1955 by the first President of India Dr. Rajendra Prasad. It has over 10,000 students from KG to PG and Ph.D. levels of multi-faculty education. Havelis J mmer H velis e st w ll of the m nsion h s frieze depicting the story of P buji, the hero who introduced c mel into R j s than. The Jammer Haveli has some nice paintings from c.1900 that depict scenes from the Mahabharata. The Haveli of Amar Chand Jammer is a big mansion with two storeys and has quite a few exquisite friezes on the walls of the forecourt. There is also a haveli of sampat mal gadiya which has some beautiful paintings which is also a tourist spot in sardarshahr, and a haveli of mangatmal ridhkaran dugar which has a room whose walls are painted with real gold and it was also included in the visitor's directory of sardarshahar. Sujangarh Sujangarh (Hindi: ) is a town in the Churu district located in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. Sujangarh is situated on the AmbalaPali Highway (NH 65) and Hanumangarh-Kishangarh Mega Highway. It is 200 km away from Jaipur, 150 km from Bikaner and 360 km from Delhi. Sujangarh is connected via railway too. Sujangarh railway station exist on Jodhpur-Delhi [Via Ratangarh] BG Line. It is known for its temples, havelis and 18th century forts. Chhapar, near Sujangarh, is famous for blackbucks and its Tal Chhapar sanctuary.[citation needed] The Salasar Balaji Temple is 25 km away from Sujangarh.[citation needed] Contents Geography/ Demographics/ Places of interest/ Schools and Colleges/ Religious places Geography Suj ng rh is loc ted t 2742N 7428E / 27.7N 74.47E / 27.7; 74.47.[1] It has an average elevation of 312 metres (1023 ft).[citation needed] Sujangarh is located on the border of Churu and Nagour districts. Pre-independence, Sujangarh held a strategic position on the border of Bikaner province, then a separate kingdom, which resulted in the permanent stationing of a Resident Commissioner in Sujangarh. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Sujangarh had a population of 83806, 51% men and 49% women. The average literacy rate is 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 55%. 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Places of interest * Seth Jiwraj Ramkishandas Garodia Dharamshala near Sujangarh railway station * The Singhee Mandir * Thirupati Balaji Mandir * Lion park at Tharda Road * Moon Light Theatre * Gandhi Chowk, the market * Ghantaghar built by Sri Sujanmal Bagaria * Gandhi Ashram * Natho Talab * Ganpati temple * Jain mandir * Shiv Bari Bijli Naath ji ke Bagichi Schools and Colleges * R. R. Jajodia Government Sr. Secondary School * Shri Oswal Senior Secondary School * P. C. B. Senior Higher Secondary school * Jhanwar Government Secondary School * Gandhi Balika Sr. Secondary School * Kandoi Balika Sr. Secondary. School * G.H.S. Government P.G. College * Sona Devi Sethia Girls P.G. College * Adarsh Vidya Mandir Secondary School * Bhanwarlal Kala Balmandir * Dhapudevi Sethia Balmandir * Bhimsariya school * Bal Bharti public school * Sethia Bal Mandir, Sujangarh * S.D.Jain School Religious places * Eidgaah Masjid, Near Ladnun Bas Stand * Salasr darbaar * Dungar Bajaji * Ramachandra Ji Ka Mandir (Bagaria Mandir) * Ramdev Mandir, Tharda * Shivling, Tharda * Mandir of Lohora Gada * Tirupati Balaji Mandir * Kalimata Mandir, Dungrash * Pabuji Maharaj Mandir, Ganora * Shree Shyamji Maharaj Mandir, Ganora * Shivalaya, Tharda Taranagar

Taranagar is a city and a municipality in Churu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan situated at 28 41'N 75 3'E, about 120 miles northeast of Bikaner city. Taranagar town was earlier known as Reni. Reni was named after lady Rinkali who came here to live from Vishalnagar Koyalapatan currently Foga in Sardarshar(Rajasthan). Reni was the headquarters of the nizamat and the tehsil of the same name in the state of Bikaner in Rajputana, The nizamat consisted of five eastern tehsils of Bhadra, Churu, Nohar, Rajgarh and Reni. In 1948 the town renamed on the name of king Tara Singh who ruled it in mid 18th century. Contents History/ Places of Interest/ Nearby villages/ Geography/ Demographics History The first king of Taranagar was Ranakpal. He lost the empire to chayal Rajputs. Chayal Rajputs ruled it for more than 1000 years then Rao Bikaji conquered it. Reni was part of Jangladesh and capital of the Jakhar gotra jat, rulers prior to its annexation by the Rathor rulers. The present name of the town is Taranagar. Taranagar is a very old village (now a town nay almost a city) famous for its temples, ancient Havelies, paintings inside them and chatries. The woodwork inside the havelies is excellent. It is said that in past the holy river Saraswati use to flow near it. Deasert's sand blocked this route of the holy river which continued expanding from west to east. Taranagar also has an old Fort, loaclly known as Gadh, that is now is being used as the Tehshil headqaurters and is surrounded by the market place.Taranagar as a tradin town has quite a large hinterland - on the western side of the town there are all small villages only for a distacnce of almost more than 100 kilometres and depend on this town for all their trading needs. There have been lots of people from Taranagar who went out for business or profession and they (or their family members)are now settled in the far off citites of the country mostly in the eastern part of the country especially in Kolakata.Lately, of course, there has been a trend of these prosperous families /professionals shifting to other parts of the country as well.These non-resident Taranagrians (NRT s) continue to love and visit their home town and do have kinship between them. Economic development of Taranagar has suffered during last about 100 years- mainly due to the lack of Train connection.Nearest Railway Station deisgnated for Taranagar is Sadulpur and is almost 35 kilometres away. Proposal for exetending train connection to Taranagar has been pending with Railway authorities for quite few decades. Places of Interest The most famous temple in the village is Jain temple built in 942. It has very old statues of Jain Tirthankars and a history related to that. Chatri of Anand Singhji and Tara Singhji are most popular of the town. They belongs to 15th and 16th century. The chatri is the place where a saint live his life and died at same. Some chatries have the signs of the foots of the saints and some other have some different kind of signs of the saints. A temple, a little away from the town is known as Shyam Pandia. It is said to be as old as Dwapar Yug. It is believed that Bhima of The Mahabharata came there to call for the services or blessings of the then pujari of the temple, Saint Shyam Pandia, for the Tilak ceremony of Yudhisthira after winning the Battle of Kurukshetra. Since then the temple is known by the name of that priest. A temple of Pir Ramdeoji, situated in midst of the town is worshipped by people from all the creeds and communities and a fair is organised annually at its site where traders from many parts of the country participate to display and sell their wares. Nearby villages Brahmanwasi is an agricultural loaclity ( main crops are millets Bajra,guar and gram) situated on the western side of the town. Historically it was a zamindari vested in the Vyas family (Pushkarna Brahmins) by the late Raja Shri Joravar Singhji, the then King of Bikaner. Current scion of the family Mool Raj holds the original handwritten document of transfer of Brahmanwasi. Vyas were further patronized by Banias mainly Swetambar Jains- who held prominent position among business community. Sahawa is major village in Taranagar, Sahawa has got historical importance because of the Gurudwara, where the belief is this that 10th Sikh Guru - Guru Gobind Singh came. Sahawa is also very popular because of its POP (Plaster Of Paris) Industry. Geography T r n g r is loc ted t 2841N 7502E / 28.68N 75.03E / 28.68; 75.03.[1] It has an average elevation of 232 metres (761 feet). Taranagar is located in the tehsil named Tarangar. Taranagar tehsil is an area under the Rajgarh subdivision of the Churu district.[2] also have a great resource of great education taranagar also have a cinema hall. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[3] Taranagar had a population of 27,073. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Taranagar has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 46%. In Taranagar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Ganganagar district Contents:- History/ Geography/ Demography/ Tehsils and other towns/ Economy/ Language,Religion and culture Ganganagar District(In Hindi and Rajasthani:,In Punjabi:,) is a northern most district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Sri Ganganagar is the district headquarters. History Named after Maharaja of Bikaner. Sri Ganganagar District was part of Bikaner State. This was mostly uninhabited region. History of this district is testimony of Vision and Efforts of Maharaja Sri Ganga Singh Ji who visualised and build Gang Canal after the great famine of 1899-1900. Waters of Satluj river were brought into the region through 89 Miles Long Gang Canal in 1927 and turned this region into the bread basket[1] of Rajsthan. This is one of the most prosperous District not only of Rajathan but also India. Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College was established named after the great king. Geography Ghaggar river,near Anoopgarh,in the month of September. (1)Location and area: Sri Ganganagar District is locate Between Latitude 28.4 to 30.6 and Longitude 72.2 to 75.3[2] Total area of Sri Ganganagar is 11,154.66 km or 11,15,466 hectares. It is surrounded by on the east by Hanumangarh District, (Hanumangarh district was carved out of it on July 12, 1994) on the south by Bikaner District, and on the west by Bahawalnagar district of Pakistani Punjab and on north by Punjab. (2)Topography:Although district Ganganagar lies in great Thar desert but irrigation by Gang canal and Ignp canal has changed flora and fauna.We can classify district into 4 geographical regions. (1)Region irrigated by Gang canal:northern region,which is 3/4th of District resembles like fertile plains of Punjab,but still some areas like area between Raisinghnagar-Vijaynagar towns has desert like conditions. (2)Area irrigated by Anoopgarh branch of IGNP canal:It comprises Anoopgarh & Gharsana tehsils.It is the southern most region of district,of which more area has been converted into plains but still sandy dunes can be seen. (3)Naali belt:This is a narrow basin of Ghaggar river.It is the single river of district.It is a seasonal river which flows in rainy season.It enters in the district near Suratgarh and then runs in areas of Jaitsar,Vijaynagar,Anoopgarh and then crosses Indo-Pak border.(4)'Uncha Tibba'(high sandy dunes) area of Suratgarh tehsil:Large sandy dunes and lack of water are conditions here.This area can be said 'real desert'.People of this area face harsh conditions of desert. Demography Total population of District is 1,789,423, With total male population of 955378 and female population of 834045. Density of Population is 224 per km2. The literacy rate is 64.74% (figures are according to 2001 Census).[3] Tehsils and other towns

Map showing 9 tehsils of District Sriganganagar,click this image for large map. (A)There are following 9 tehsils in Ganganagar district. * 1 Sri Ganganagar * 2 Sri Karanpur * 3 Sadulshahar * 4 Padampur * 5 Raisinghnagar * 6 Suratgarh * 7 Anoopgarh * 8 Shri Vijaynagar * 9 Gharsana (B)Other major towns, villages:- Kesarisinghpur, Gajsinghpur, Ramsinghpur, Jaitsar, Rawla Mandi are other major towns where as Lalgarh Jatan, Rirmalsar, Rajiasar, 365 hd, Patroda, Sameja kothi,Chunawadh, Hindumalkot Bajuwala,Birmana are other small towns and villages. Many towns and Cities in Sri Ganganagar District are named after members of The royal family of erstwhile Bikaner State. Economy Mustard fields in a Village of Gharsana tehsil. Paddy(Dhaan/Jhona)fields in Ghaggar river belt and brick industry near Suratgarh. Econonmy of Sri Ganganagar District is dependent on agriculture. Major Crops of the region are Wheat, Cotton, Mustard, Guar, Grams, and Sugarcane. Horticulture is also becoming popular among farmers, Kinnu (a citrus family fruit) is a popular horticultural produce, other fruits of citrus family are also grown. Industries in Sri Ganganagar District are based on agriculture. Major industries are Cotton Ginning and pressing factories, Mustard oil mills, Wheat flour mills, Sugar Mill and Cotton Spinning and Textile Factories. Most of the factories are located in and around Sriganganagar City. Language,Religion and culture Languages:Bagri, a dialect of Rajasthani language and Punjabi languages are spoken by majority of population. Besides, Hindi, Seraiki, Sindhi are also in use in this district.Some people of Bawri and Odh caste speak their unique languages. Hindi and English are official languages.1.Bagri is actually dialect of Rajasthani language it is spoken only in Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts and some tehsils of neighbouring Punjab and Haryana. A number of writers of district have made contribution to literature of Rajasthani language through Bagri.Punjabi is second most spoken language in district with majority of people of Malwai dialect. Punjabi language as optional subject is taught in schools and colleges of the district. Both Bagri and Punjabi shares many common words in this district. Impact of Seraiki language(some consider it as dailect of Punjabi language)can be observed on Arora,Raisikhs and Seraiki Muslim communities. Now this dailect or language is losing its ground in northern part of district. Sindhi is spoken by Sindhis.Most Sindhis are in Vijaynagar, Kesarisinghnagar and Anupgarh cities. Culture:-Bagri and Punjabi cultures dominate the cultural colours of the district.The embroideried Odhni (mostly of red colour)is symbol of Bagri women. Long shirt and ghaghro(long frock type clothes) and Borlo(a head ornament) is traditional dress of Bagri women.Punjabi women wear suit and salwar with chunni(cloth on head). This dress has also become popular with women of other communities. Some women of Hindu and Muslim Seraiki people still wear ghaggra(long frock). Purdah (veil) custom is mainly in vogue among Bagri women.Men wears mainly wears pant-shirt,kurta-payjama and dhoti(Punjabi call it chadara)-kurta. Religion and faiths: Most people of district practices Hindu and Sikh religions. People worships folk gods like Ramdevji, Gogaji etc. many have faith in Pirs,Saint and they visit their 'khanghahs'(shrines). Some have faith in Islam also.A number of people are followers of dera-culture such as Sachcha-Sauda, Radha-Soami and Nirankari deras. Places of interest(Tourist points) :1. Histrorical Gurudwara Buddha Johad:-An large amazing gurudwara, which is 85 km from Ganganagar in south-west.This is a place where Bhai Sukha Singh and Mehtab Singh brouht head of Massa Rangarh(guilty of sacrilege of Amritsar Golden temple)and hung it on a tree on 11th aug 1740. 2. Bror Village:-The ruins of Indus valley civilisation are found here. It is located on Anoopgarh-Ramsinghpur road. 3. Dada Pamparam's Dera:- It is at Vijayanagar town, where is samadhi(tomb) of Baba Pamparam. 4. Laila-Manjnu ki Mazar(tomb), Binjaur village:- It is 11 km far from Anoopgarh in western side.Here is so-called Mazar of Laila-Majnu, that's why a fair is organised in June month. # Chanana-Dham(Chanana shrine):-A great temple of Lord Hanuman ji is here, built in 1971. It is located 4 km from village 17 BB on Ganganagar-Padampur road. 5. Suratgarh Thermal power plant:6. Shri Jagadamba Andh-vidhyalaya:- One of the largest institutes of India for education of visually hearing and speech impaired people. It is situated within Ganganagar city. 7. Anoopgarh fort:- It is in ruin form in city of Anoopgarh. It was built by Anoop Singh Rathore. 8. Suratgarh-Jaitsar state agriculture farm:9. ANIMATOR'S ACADEMY-41 D Block, known for its ultimate designing career for Multimedia,Animation and graphics programs tt Sri Ganganagar (Hindi: ) (Punjabi: ), also called Ganganagar (Hindi: ), is the northernmost city of Rajasthan in western India. It is the administrative headquarters of Ganganagar District.[1][2] Contents :- History/ Geography/ Climate/ Economy/ Demographics/ Educational Institutes/ Training Institutes/ Notable people from Sri Ganganagar History Ganga Singh with his son in 1914 Sri Ganganagar is named after the General H.H. Maharajadhiraj Raj-Rajeshwar Narendra Shiromani Maharaja Nishant Totla Sir Ganga Singh Bahadur , Maharaja of Bikaner, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., G.C.V.O., G.B.E., K.C.B., K.I.H..Sri Ganganagar is established as the major plan of irrigating the Erstwhile Bikaner State. Sri Ganganagar is situated at the point where the Satluj Waters enters Rajasthan or Erstwhile Bikaner state. The Bikaner state was affected by the worst famine in the year 18991900. In order to get rid of this problem permanently, in 1903 Maharaja Sri Ganga Singhji obtained the services of A. W. E. Standley, Chief Engineer, who demonstrated the feasibility of the western area of the Bikaner State being brought under irrigation from the Satluj Waters. The plan of the Satluj Valley Project was drawn by then Chief Engineer of Punjab Mr. R. G. Kennedy according to which the vast area of Erstwhile Bikaner state could be brought under irrigation. But because of objections by the erstwhile State of Bahawalpur, the project got delayed and finally with intervention of then Viceroy of India Lord Curzon in 1906, a Tripartite Conference was held and an agreement was reached and signed on 4 September 1920. The foundation stone of the Canal Head Works at Ferozepur was laid on 5 December 1925 and the work completed in 1927 by constructing 89 miles of lined canal. The opening ceremony was performed on 26 October 1927 by Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India. The plan for Sri Ganganagar was drawn at this time only. And irrigated parts of Bikaner state came under Sri Ganganagar district and now parted Hanumangargh District. Geography

G ng n g r is loc ted t 2955N 7353E / 29.92N 73.88E / 29.92; 73.88.[3] It has an average elevation of 164 metres (538 feet). Climate The climate of Sri Ganganagar varies to extreme limits. The Summer Temperature reaches up to 50 Celsius and Winter Temperature dips just around 0 Celsius.[4] The average annual rainfall is only 20cms.[5] Economy Desert land was converted to a green town, credited to the Maharaja who brought the Gang canal which carries the excess waters of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the region, making Ganganagar district known as "the food basket of Rajasthan".[6] The economy of the city is based on agriculture, its main crops are Wheat, Mustard and Cotton. Other crops are Guar, Bajra, Sugar Cane and Grams. In recent years farmers are also diverting towards Horticulture, and Kinnu(A Citrus Family fruit) has become a major crop of the area. The industries in the city are mostly based on agriculture. The city has Cotton Ginning and Pressing factories, Mustard Oil mills and Wheat Flour mills and of course the famous Rajasthan State Ganganagar Sugar Mills Ltd., which is known for its Royal Heritage Liqueurs.[7][8] It also has spinning and textile factories such as J C T Mills. Because of its prosperity from agriculture, Ganganagar District also has a large number of automobiles which includes tractors and MUVs and because of the large population of automobiles in the district, Sri Ganganagar has become one of the largest automobile markets in India. Demographics As of 2001[update] Indian census,[9][10] Ganganagar had a population of 210,788. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Ganganagar has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 64%. In Ganganagar, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Majority in population are Sikhs and Hindus while only a few people constituting other sects stay here. The main languages spoken in the town are Punjabi,Hindi, Bagri or Marwari. Educational Institutes The city has been a center of learning since its early ages. This city has a large proportion of land which is dedicated to educational institutes. Notable educational institutions from the city include: === Schools ===: 1. .Govt. Sen. Sec. School, near Head Post Office(Known as Multi-Purpose) 2. .Govt. Girls Sen. Sec. School, Matka chok, Ravinder path 3. .Govt. Girls Sen. Sec. School, No. 2 Old Abadi, near PHC 4. .Govt. Girls Sen. Sec. School, No. 4 Old Abadi, near Dhingra Street 5. .Govt. Girls Sen. Sec. School, F block, near Masjid 6. .Govt. Sen. Sec. School, No. 9 Old Abadi Ravi chok 7. .Govt. Sen. Sec. School, H. Basti, Indira chok, near Birbal chok 8. .Govt. Sec. School, Sugar Mill Colony, behind Sugar mill 9. .Sri Guru Nanak (SGN) Khalsa H.S. School, (Since 1939) 10. .Saint Soldier Public School, 7A, outskirts of the city 11. .Guru Harkrishan Public School, near Teen Puli 12. .B. S. F Senior Secondary School, behind Railway Station 13. .Good Shepherd Public School, behind Andh vidhyala 14. .Bihani Children's Academy, near Shakuntla Nursing Home 15. .Nosegay Public School, Hanumangarh Road 16. .Sacred Heart Convent School, behind 17. .Blooming Dales International School, Jawaharnagar and Nathanwala, Hanumangarh Road. 18. .Tiny Tots Public School, near Govt. Main Hospital, Suratgarh Road 19. .Saraswati Public Sec. School, Meera Marg, near Chahal chok 20. .Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. Sen. Sec. School, near Sukhadia Circle 21. .Seventh Day Adventist Senior Secondary School 22. .Arorvansh Public School, near Tehsil Office 23. .S.R. Public Senior Secondary School 24. .Manav Mangal Middle School 25. .Sri Jagdambha School for Deaf and Blind Children, Hanumangarh Road 26. .Sanatan Dharam Sen. Sec. School, Bada Mandir, near S.B.I., Ravinder Path 27. .Shri Gurunanak Girls Sen. Sec. School, Nehru Park ==== Colleges ====: 1. .Sri Guru Nanak Khalsa (P.G.)College 2. .Ch. Malu Ram Bhambu Govt. Poly. College, Bhambhu Colony, offering diploma in engineering courses 3. .Govt. Law College, Hindumalkot Road Railway Fatak 4. .Dr. B.R.A. Govt. P.G. College, Hindumalkot Road Railway Fatak 5. .Ch. Ballu Ram Godara Girls PG College, near Nehru Park 6. .Sri Guru Nanak Khalsa Law College 7. .Seth G. L. Bihani S.D.(P.G.) College, near Sukharia Circle 8. .Maharshi Dayanand (PG) College, near Teen Puli 9. .Shri Aatm vallabh Jain Girls College, near Sudama Nagar, Hanumangarh Road[11] 10. .Guru Nanak Girls College, near Nehru Park & Main Bus Stand 11. .Bihani Institute of Management, near Sukharia circle 12. .Sri Ganganagar Engineering College,RIICO,Hanumangarh Road [12] 13. .Sri Ganganagar Polytechnic college 14. .Sri Ganganagar Veterinary college 15. .Sri Ganganagar Institute of veterinary science 16. .Sri Ganganagar College of Ayurvedic Science and Hospital 17. .Sri Ganganagar homeopathic Medical College, Hospital and research Institute 18. .Sri Ganganagar college of Allied Health Sciences 19. .Sri Ganganagar Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences 20. .Sri Ganganagar Nursing School 21. .Sri Ganganagar Institute of Paramedical Technology Training Institutes 1. .District Institute of Education & Training(DIET), Chunawadh Notable people from Sri Ganganagar

1. .Col Avtar Singh Cheema (19331989): An Arjuna Awardee who was the first Indian to climb Mount Everest. He was a part of the third mission undertaken by the Indian Army, in 1965, to climb Mt. Everest after two failed attempts. He successfully conquered the mountain on 20 May 1965. Due to his dislike for publicity he never got the acclaim he should have gotten. He was Captain in the Parachute Regiment at that time. Later he was promoted to colonel. 2. .Jagjit Singh: Famous Ghazal singer, was born in Ganganagar. 3. .Sardar Balwant Singh : Famous Vaidha and Krishi Pandit 4. .Captain Navpal Singh Sidhu : Kargil Shaheed 5. .Shri Shyam Sunder Maheswari : Padam Shree Awardee 6. .Dr S.S.Tantia-You will surely hear this name if you have ever visited to the district or near by areas. He is a Famous Psychiatrist, Educationist & Businessman. Besides providing multispeciality and superspeciality health sectors in the region, he laid the tradition of higher education by introducing many graduate and post graduate courses in a multidisplinary . 7. .SHRI TARA CHAND SHARMA:Famous Educationalist,Founder Principal of prestigious S.D. College. Anupgarh Anupgarh is a city and a municipality in Ganganagar district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Contents:- Geography/Demographics/Variations Geography Ghaggar river,near Anoopgarh in the month of September. Anupg rh is loc ted t 2911N 7313E / 29.19N 73.21E / 29.19; 73.21.[1] It has an average elevation of 155 metres (508 feet). Its very near to indo-pak border.One can view the border which is not too far away from here. Asia's largest food grain industry is situated here. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Anupgarh had a population of 29,548. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Anupgarh has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 60% of the males and 40% of females literate[citation needed]. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Variations This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2010) There is a little-known story about Anupgarh. It is believed that famous lovers Layla and Majnun found refuge in Anupgarh before breathing their last, and they are believed to be buried in the region. According to a local legend, Layla and Majnun escaped to these parts and passed away there. Hundreds of newlyweds and lovers from India and Pakistan journey here to attend a two-day fair in June, despite the absence of facilities accommodating an overnight stay. Anupgarh Anupgarh is a city and a municipality in Ganganagar district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Contents:- Geography/Demographics/Variations Geography Ghaggar river,near Anoopgarh in the month of September. Anupg rh is loc ted t 2911N 7313E / 29.19N 73.21E / 29.19; 73.21.[1] It has an average elevation of 155 metres (508 feet). Its very near to indo-pak border.One can view the border which is not too far away from here. Asia's largest food grain industry is situated here. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Anupgarh had a population of 29,548. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Anupgarh has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 60% of the males and 40% of females literate[citation needed]. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Variations This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2010) There is a little-known story about Anupgarh. It is believed that famous lovers Layla and Majnun found refuge in Anupgarh before breathing their last, and they are believed to be buried in the region. According to a local legend, Layla and Majnun escaped to these parts and passed away there. Hundreds of newlyweds and lovers from India and Pakistan journey here to attend a two-day fair in June, despite the absence of facilities accommodating an overnight stay. Gajsinghpur Gajsinghpur is a city and a municipality in Ganganagar district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Gajsinghpur had a population of 9507. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Gajsinghpur has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 58%. In Gajsinghpur, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.It is a small agro market place near Pakistan border.Popular crops traded here are wheat, cotton, narama and mustard. Karanpur Sri Karanpur is a city and a municipality in Ganganagar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents:- Geography/Demographics/People Geography Sri K r npur is loc ted t 2950N 7330E / 29.84N 73.5E / 29.84; 73.5[1]. It has an average elevation of 185 metres (606 feet).postel code 335073 Demographics Durga temple,Karanpur. As of 2001[update] India census[2], Sri Karanpur had a population of 20,694. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Karanpur has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 56%. In Karanpur, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. People Dr. Arun Softa a very successful doctor who lives in Bakersfield, California was born here in a very simple family in year 1958. Charanjeet Sidhu a very successful T.V. show anchor and business man who lives in Canada was born here in a very simple family in year 1955. Vinod Kumar is a neuroscientist who, nowadays lives in Germany, is resident of this beautiful town. Kesrisinghpur Kesrisinghpur is a city and a municipality in Ganganagar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[1], Kesrisinghpur had a population of 13,152. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kesrisinghpur has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 53%. In Kesrisinghpur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. It is situated near the Punjab (state) border. It is located in the Cotton Belt area of India and the livelihood of most of the people residing in KesriSinghPur (KSP) is commission brokerage of grains and cotton and quite a lot of people are involved in agriculture. The infrastructure of town is not much developing. It has remained same from 2-3 decades. People have their own cows and rely heavily on their own organic vegetables (produce) from private farms. Padampur Padampur (in Hindi: ) is a city and a municipality in Ganganagar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography P d mpur is loc ted t 2941N 7337E / 29.68N 73.62E / 29.68; 73.62[1]. It has an average elevation of 165 metres (541 feet). padampur is located in northen-western part of Ganganagar district. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Padampur had a population of 16,958. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Padampur has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, Raisinghnagar Raisinghnagar is a city and a municipality in Sri Ganganagar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents:- History/Geography/Demographics/Educational Institutes/82 R.B. History The city was previously known as Panwarsar due to the majority of the Panwar community but afterwards changed to Raisinghnagar on the name of the son of Raja Ganga Singh on whose name the city Ganganagar is named. The other sons of Raja Ganga Singh were Karan Singh, Anup Singh, Vijay Singh, Gaj Singh on their names the near by cities were named as Karanpur, Anupgarh, Vijaynagar, Gajsinghpur respectively. The railway station of Raisinghnagar was the first stoppage of the rail line from Pakistan to India. Pankaj Galhotra is the first Chartered Accountant in the city who have got job in Jaiprakash Associates Limited in Mumbai Geography R isinghn g r is loc ted t 2932N 7327E / 29.54N 73.45E / 29.54; 73.45[1]. It has an average elevation of 160 metres (524 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Raisinghnagar had a population of 27,707. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Raisinghnagar has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 60%. In Raisinghnagar, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Religion;Hindu 65%, Sikh 33% and others 2%. In Hindus and Sikhs jat is dominating farming community 40% of the Hindu and Sikh population. In Jaat there are Saharan & Godara Major communities.Others major communities are Majhbi, Nayak, Meghwal, Agrwals, Maheshwari, Kumhar, Sunar and Suthars. Educational Institutes The city has been a center of learning since its early ages. Many notable education institutes include: 1. Singhania University Center (B.ED,M.ED) 2. Pareek computer education society 3. Shaheed Bhagat Singh College 4. M.D. Girls College 5. Sanjivani College 6. Government Senior Secondary Girls School 7. Government Boys School 8. D.A.V. School 9. Maharana Pratap Memorial Sr. Sec. School 10. Vivekanand Memorial Public School 11. Guru Har Krishan Public Senior Secondary School 12. Mata Gujri Girls School 13. Bright Star Public School 14. Modern Public School 15. Bharat Model School 16. Universal education centre. 17. DAV T.T.College[B.Ed.] 18. Gyan Jyoti model senior secondary school 19. MD public school 20. nature calling science club by mani mani 21. Jolly mittal Sr. Sec. School 22. Manish College Of Engg. and Tech. 23. National Inst. Of Medical Studies ...chairman Dr. Manish Garg 24. Mr. Manish Bhari Management Teacher 9887700505 25. Dharam sangh sanskrit maha vidhalya 24 ps +91-9414381316 26. mahaveer jain Library +91-1507-223212 82 R.B. its a verry glorious village of gram panchayat lakha hakam. Site_7 km.distance from city. There r 2 schools{govt.& B.R.Model school}. Rawla Mandi Rawla Mandi (In Hindi and Rajasthani:, in Punjabi:, in Sindhi:- )is a small town in District Sri Ganganagar of Rajasthan. Rawla Mandi , , Town(Gram Panchayat)Location of Rawla Mandi within Rajasthan. Coordinates Country

IndiaState Rajasthan District(s) Shri Ganganagar district Sarpanch Sirjeet Singh Baroka Population 13,712 (2001[update]) Official languages Hindi Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)

Codes[show] Pincode 335707 Telephone +01506 Vehicle RJ-13 Contents * 1 Location * 2 Geography and climate * 3 Governance * 4 History * 5 Economy * 6 Demographics * 7 Culture * 8 Transport * 9 Education * 10 Sports * 11 Government buildings and facilities * 12 Markets * 13 Anupgarh branch of Ignp canal * 14 Social organisations * 15 Miscellaneous * 16 Gallery * 17 External links Location Rawla is 180 km from Sri Ganganagar, 125 km from Bikaner, and 22 km from the Pakistan border. Geography and climate Rawla Mandi is town of Thar Desert. Horny shrubs and sandy dunes are basic characteristics of this region. According to experts Rawla area is enriched with fertile soil for crops. Gypsum rocks are assets of this region.4 KLM is a village where gypsum mines are found. The waters of Ignp canal has brought changes to flora and fauna and agriculture of wheat, mustard, cotton, pulses and Jawar has given a composite form of sandy dunes and green fields. It should be noted this region with Gharsana is called cotton-belt but now things are changing rain average per year has fallen dramatically in last few years. Since key source of irrigation is canal-water, insufficient water supply in canal has shown adverse effects on agriculture. Now many farmers are moving to irrigation by tubewells. This is new trend in this area of Rawla Mandi. Governance Rawla Mandi is currently a gram panchayat local government. The present sarpanch is Dr. Sarjeet Singh Baroka (elected on 22 January 2010). History Rawla is not an old village. The Anoopgarh branch of the IGNP canal brought the waters of the Satluj and Beas rivers in 1967 and at that time some people opened their shops near the bridge built on the canal for labourers and farmers working on the canal site. In 1982 a new grain market was established. Rawla began to expand and the golden period of Rawla began. In 1987 a number of illegal shops were demolished by the administration and people showed strong resistance. Hardworking and dedication changed the life of the people of Rawla. Central Gypsum grinding unit at Riico industrial area of Rawla Mandi. By 2000 Rawla began to decline due to droughts and lack of water in the canal. Many residents of Rawla left the town and the people became hopeless and sad. The people of Anoopgarh, Gharsana, Khajuwala and Rawla Mandi started a movement against state government. The people of Rawla was demanding sufficient water for agriculture. According to them government had discriminatory attitude between people of first phase and second phase of Ignp irrigation system but government was claiming due to bad rain conditions water supply in Ignp canal had decreased and water was being run as per shares of both phases. Rawla came into the news when this peasant movement became violent when a gathering of farmers set fire to the police station of Rawla on 27 October 2004, when four men was shot dead. At present The shortage of water for agriculture is most serious challenge for the people of Rawla Mandi. Now again due to negative rain conditions and decreasing water supply in the canal again moving this area path of desertification and mass migrations. Economy People are mainly dependent on agriculture based trades. Various markets work to fulfill needs of people of town and surrounding villages. Demographics Total population is 13712 according to census of 2001.Among these 7315 are males and 6397 is female population that mean sex ratio is 874 for this town. Culture Bagri, Punjabi, Hindi, Sindhi and Marwari languages are spoken here. (Actually Bagri and Marwari are dialects of Rajasthani). Baba Ramdev temple on the occasion of fair. People practice Hindu and Sikh religions. Some people have faith in Islam also. Dera-culture is also here. Many people follows Radha swami, Sacha sauda and Nirankari Mission Deras. Transport Education M.J. Kumheria college is the largest college in Rawla Mandi. There are many educational institutions in Rawla Mandi. there are lot of schools & college listed as below :Senior secondary schoos:* 1 Indira memorial children school [arts & agri.] * 2 SHRI J.B.model SENIOR SECONDARY school [arts & agri.] * 3 Adrash vidhya niketan school [arts ] * 4 S V children academy [arts & science ] * 5 Govt. senior secondary school Secondary schools:* 1 BR model secondary school * 2 Chankya public school * 3 RR public school * 4 Shaheed bhagat singh public school

Middle schools:* 1 Adrash vidhya mandir * 2 Tagore public school * 3 M.R. public scho Sports Cricket is popular with youth. Badminton and Indian wresting are also played. Government buildings and facilities The government runs the local schools, a primary health care centre, veterinary hospital, and the Office of Forest Department. The police station services the southern half region of Gharsana tehsil in addition to the town. The State bank of India (SBI), Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC) and the Ganganagar Cooperative Bank also operate here. ATM facilities are available at the SBI and OBC. Markets Dhan Mandi is located in heart of Rawla mandi; vegetable market at Gharsana road are mainly around Shiv Chowk. A clothes and iron-crop market is located on Khanuwali road. Anupgarh branch of Ignp canal This canal is the region's main water source.This forms the northwestern border of the town and at R.D.321 a bridge cum head is built,where KND and KPD two distributories gets water from canal.This canal is lined by bricks. a view of canal during sunset.You can see Acacia trees(Kikkar/Babool). Few years ago a Khadwanja (a brick road)is made on the both either banks of canal.In the town side valuable land along the canal has been occupied by various people and they have built pacca houses.People also using banks to dump garbage and litter.For many people banks are used for morning walk and jogging. Social organisations a patriotic cultural programme organised by a social organisation. Many social organisations are active contributing in social life of town. Bharat vikas parishad is a active social service and programmes like marriage of poor girls,eye operation camps etc are conducted by the organisation. Local branch of Swami Vivekanand Yuwa Parishad has recently emerged and active for social awakening angainst social evils like drugs,dowry etc.This organisations organises cultural programmes to spread values like patriotism,nation-service specially among youths.Samarpan Sansthan Rawla is another important organisation works for students and conducts general knowledge competitions.Simant yuwa jagriti sansthan is also a social organisation in Rawla Mandi. Miscellaneous Gallery Head(R.D. 321) and it's water gates,1.Water gates to KPD distributory 2.Main gates 3. Water gates to KND distributory. Sadulshahar Sadulshahar is a city and a municipality in Ganganagar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents:- History/ Demographics/Transport History It is named after Maharaja Sadul Singh, son of Maharaja Ganga Singh who established it. It is a great agriculture based industry center in Rajasthan. This city is situated on the border of India and Pakistan. Even though India and Pakistan do not share a very good relationship, it is a peaceful city Sriganganagar which was part of the Bikaner State before Independence. It was under the supervision of the 19 year old Maharaja Ganga Singh who after witnessing the miseries of the great 1899 famine, vowed to end starvation by building a canal in his State. The British pussyfooted, refusing water rights from the Sutlej River in Punjab. Ganga Sigh persevered and raised a loan of 15 million for his irrigation scheme. The Ganga Canal, begun in 1921, was completed in 1927. One of the longest concrete lined canals in the world, it has changed the desert's face around Ganganagar. It's a testimony to land transformation: Desert land was converted to a lush green town credited to the efforts of the Maharaja who brought the Gang canal which carries the excess waters of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the region. Bumper crops of wheat, cotton, mustard and citrus fruit have generated industry and a building boom. Majority in population are Sikhs and Hindus while only a few people constituting other sects stay here. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Sadulshahar (sardul shahar)had a population of 22,320. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sadulshahar has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 53%. In Sadulshahar, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Transport The town is well connected through railroad on the Sri Ganganagar-hanuman garh(Rajgarh)-Jaipur line, and through state highways to haryana(sangria-dawwali-sirsa)and punjab(abohar-hnuma gargh) in the neighboring state of punjab. Suratgarh Suratgarh is a city and a municipality in Ganganagar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents:-Geography/Demographics/Media/History/Governance Geography Sur tg rh is loc ted t 2919N 7354E / 29.32N 73.9E / 29.32; 73.9[1]. It has an average elevation of 168 metres (551 feet Demographics census[2], As of the 2001 India Suratgarh had a population of 58,076. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%.Suratgarh has an average literacy rate of 63%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 54%. In Suratgarh, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Media Akashwani Suratgarh is Broadcasts on 918 kHz with a 300 kW radio transmitter. History The templ te below (Cle nup) is being considered for deletion. See templ tes for discussion to help re ch consensus. This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: subst:DATE. Please improve this section if you can. The talk page may contain suggestions. (February 2010) It has a thermal power plant of 1500 MW and a PLF of 93%, which has won an award for one of the best operated plants in India.[citation needed] Suratgarh has a large presence of brick kilns, the industry having grown when the start of construction of the thermal power plant created a demand.The foundation stone of the thermal power plant was laid by Ch. Dhani Ram Dudi as he was the first contractor to start the work in adverse conditions ranging above 46 degrees celsius. The first kiln was established in 1976 near Manaksar Chungi by Janak Raj Gumber. Since then the industry has been growing at a very fast pace. With the demand from the thermal power plant reducing as it nears completion, bricks from Suratgarh are now supplied to various parts of Rajasthan especially to the districts of Churu and Jhunjhunu. Suratgarh had been a significant arena of historical incidences in the ancient past. Around 3000 BC Suratgrh is believed to have been a lush green being place due to

presence and fusion of two big rivers, Sarasvati and Drishvati. Present sand dunes used to possess various botanical and zoological species within the basins of chaste Sarasvati and Drishvati. Emergence of Kalibanga and Barod civilizations were facilitated by the geographical and environmental complementary of Sarasvati and Suratgarh had been a noteworthy testimony of the same. The traces of ancient civilization near Rangmahal, Manaksaar and Amarpura, shows the historical significance of Suratgarh where Sarasvati civilization has receded after the 1500 Years of stability. Around 3,500 years ago Aryans along with their scholars (Rishi) and livestock entered Suratgarh en-route Afghanistan and Punjab, it is evident that they have laid down 7th and 8th modules of Rigveda at Suratgarh and that synonymies Suratgarh to Ved Bhumi. It was gradual evolution which vanish the flow of Sarasvati later on. Few mythological evidences adjudicate the visit of Lord Krishna and his brother Balram at some time. The 1st century saw the rise of Kushana Dynasty in Suratgarh, Kushanas had their rich heritage to backup their culture and business which made Rangmahal their significant business center. The bronze coins found in the archaeological remains at Rangmahal advocate their rich business interests. The 4th century saw the emergence of Gupta Dynasty which facilitated favorable grounds for the growth of Shaivism and Vaishnaism religions. The statuettes from that age are still embellishing various museums throughout the country and prove the cultural development in Suratgarh. Medieval age saw Bhati and Zoiya tribes influence in the region consequently Prithviraj Chauhan, Mohammad Gori, Sher Khan and Taimur Lang came to Suratgarh for various political reasons. 1465 saw the golden age of Suratgarh when Godara and Punia jat farmers used constructive farming techniques resulting in the overall development of the region, meanwhile Bika Rao laid down Bikaner State and the successors of Bika over powered Bhati tribes to win Suratgarh for further expansion of Bikaner. There? a myth that Social Reformer Tanwar dynastic Rajput Baba Ramdev came with a motive to rein Suratgarh state after offering his Pokharan State into dowry to his niece. However, he left to build Runecha state on some Sadhu? advice. Even Saint Jambheshwar has started his environmental revolution from here about 500 years ago. In the mean time, Thakur Raghunath Singh has laid down Sodhan village, 1570 A.D. saw Bikaner successor Rao Kalyan Mal accepted Mughal rule. The Mughal influence persisted till 1787 A.D. when current Bikaner ruler Maharaja Surat Singh revoked from Mughal rule and won the region for his imperialistic interests. To make his win memorable, he established Suratgarh state at the place of Sodhal and built the Suratgarh fort as the souvenir of his victory which ensured the emergence of Suratgarh to modern age from ancient age. Maharaja Surat Singh later accepted the refuge of British in 1818 A.D., Suratgarh had become an important revenue collection center for Bikaner till that time. The revolution of 1857 A.D. does induct the sense of revolution at Suratgarh also. Suratgarh started developing by leaps and bounds in the rule of Maharaja Ganga Singh who build a hunting lodge at Suratgarh and ensured connectivity of Suratgarh to train service. Hanumangarh and Bikaner came under Suratgarh District when it was served with the patronage of being a district at the same time. Establishment of Ganga canal in 1927 helped Suratgarh to develop which became a city after partition when various refugees from Pakistan came in and started settling over here. Suratgarh Central State Farm was established in 1956 followed with establishment of Indira Gandhi Canal project and Central Animal Reproduction Farm in 60s. Meanwhile and air and military base station, Akashvani and various offices has been established. Suratgarh Thermal Power Station have also started working from 3 November ?998 and this laid down one more milestone in the historic and developmental stairs of Suratgarh city, Governance City-wide administration is coordinated by the Nagar Palika Suratgarh. Vijainagar Sri Bijaynagar is a city and a municipality in Ganganagar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Sri Bijaynagar had a population of 17,867. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sri Bijaynagar has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 54%. In Sri Bijaynagar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hanumangarh district Hanumangarh District (InHindi/Rajasthani: H numng h Zilin Punj bi) is a district of Rajasthan state of western India. The town of Hanumangarh is the district headquarters. Contents:- District profile/Language/Tehsils/Famous Fairs and Carnivals/Prominent Persons District profile The district is located in the extreme north of Rajasthan. It has an area of 12,645 km, a population of 1,517,390 (2001 census), and a population density of 120 persons/km. It is bounded on the north by Punjab state, on the east by Haryana state, on the south by Churu District of Rajasthan, and on the west by Ganganagar District of Rajasthan. The major work of the district is farming; major crops include rice, bajra, cotton, sonamukhi, wheat, and vegetables. This is the 31st district of Rajasthan. It was made as district on 12 July 1994 from Sri Ganganagar district. Earlier it was one of the Tehsils of Sri Ganganagar district. The district contains the archeological site of Kalibangan, (a town of the Indus Valley Civilisation), and Pallu. A view of goddess Brhamani temple at Pallu. Hanumangarh also have a fort called BHATNER DURG. The Durg is the strongest and oldest one of India. Language Bagri,[1] a dialect of Rajasthani language, is spoken by majority of population. Besides, Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu are also in use in this district. Tehsils Hanumangarh district has seven tehsils: Hanumangarh, Sangaria, Pilibanga, Rawatsar, Nohar, Bhadra,and Tibbi. Famous Fairs and Carnivals Gogameri Mela Gogameri, around 120 km from district headquarter, is the place where this Mela begins on BHADAWA BADI 1 and continues till BHADAWA SUDI 11. Thousands of pilgrims from various states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal visit during the period to worship Gogaji "The god of snakes". Gogaji also known as Gogaji Chauhan, Gugga, Jahar Peer etc. Gogaji was born in Chauhan Rajput dynasty of Dadrewa village of Churu District in Rajasthan. History reveals that Gogaji was born some 900 years ago and was contemporary to Mamood Gaznabi. The beauty of this place is that the pilgrims from every caste and religion visit here to worship the Gogaji. Moreover, the temple has one Hindu Pujari and one Muslim Pujari, which is a great example of communal harmony. Bhadrakali Mela The historical temple of MAA BHADRAKALI is situated 7 km from the district headquarter. The sixth emperor of Bikaner Maharaja Ram Singh said to have constructed this temple on Badshah Akbar's desire. Though pilgrims visit the temple through out the year but during the Mela days on Chaitra Sudi 8 and 9, thousands of pilgrims from Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan visit the temple to worship MAA BHADRAKALI. Pallu Mela Pallu, around 80 km from the district headquarter, surrounded by sand dunes is a place where MATA BRAHMANI Mela takes place during Navaratras.

Shila Mata Mela Shila Mata Mela takes place on every Thursday near Bus Stand, Hanumangarh Town. This 6' x 2.5' x 2' size stone is worshiped by Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims. The Hindus-Sikhs call this Shila Mata and Muslims call it Shila Peer. Shaid Baba Sukha Singh ji, Mahitab Singh ji Yadgari Mela Shaid Baba Sukha Singh, Mahitab Singh came to Hanumangarh where he rest under a tree where in present a big fantastic Sikh Gurudawara &that tree it is near by the'bhatner fort on every '25, Bhadhon Mahina' (a Hindi month) a big fair will there in this fair came many religions and there very big crowd all the Sikh & political leader of over country came there.no castism here in hanumangarh Prominent Persons * Manoj Kumar: (born July 24, 1937, at Abbottabad) is an Indian actor and director in the Bollywood film industry, Mumbai (Bombay). * Tara Sharma: (born 1945 at village Daniyasar) is an Indian actor and director in the Bollywood film industry, Mumbai (Bombay). * Chander Singh "Birkali" (19101980): Famous first modern poet of Rajasthani language from village Birkali. His works are "Loon" (Summer wind) and "Badli" (Tiny clouds). * Luxmi Kumari Chundawat (1911-): famous writer of Rajasthani language. Her works are "keh re Chakwaa Baat", and "Mumal". * Asha Ram Sihag (1956-): IAS officer, Himachal Pradesh Cader. Hanumangarh (Hindi: ) is a city in northern Rajasthan state in western India, situated on the banks of the river Ghaggar, located about 400 km from Delhi. It is the administrative seat of Hanumangarh District. The city was once called Bhatner (alternatively spelled Bhatnair) because it was a stronghold of Bhatti Rajputs.[1] Contents:-History/Demographics/Fairs and carnivals/Railway Junction/Language History Hanumangarh was the kingdom of Bhatti Rajputs and hence its earlier name was Bhatner. Later it was named Shardulgarh, when Raja Shardul Singh won it. Since it was won on Tuesday, which is the ominous day for monkey-god Hanuman, it was rechristened as 'Hanumangarh' - the Fort of Hanuman the Monkey-god. A 900-year-old Bhatner fort is situated in the middle of Hanumangarh Town, the description of which can be found in Aaine-Akbari. A famous Bhadrakali temple is situated near the town on the banks of Ghaggar river.[citation needed] The area around Hanumangarh appears to be quite old. It has yielded a number of terracotta decorative tiles in the late Kushana Empire style along with a number of coins. Two terracotta capitals at the depth of 15' from the top of the mound with stepped pyramids along their edges have been discovered.[2] Demographics A view of Bhagat Singh Chowk at Hanumangarh Junction. As of 2001[update] India census,[3] Hanumangarh had a population of 129,654. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Hanumangarh has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 57%. In Hanumangarh, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. The language used by all is either Bagri or Punjabi or Hindi. People from Punjab and Haryana migrated to Hanumangarh and settled there. The major occupation is farming. Fairs and carnivals Bhadrakali Mela: The historical temple of Maa Bhadrakali is situated 7 km from the district headquarters. The sixth emperor of Bikaner, Maharaja Ram Singh, is said to have constructed this temple on Badshah Akbar's desire. Pilgrims visit the temple throughout the year, but during the Mela days on Chaitra Sudi 8 and 9, thousands of pilgrims from Punjab, Haryana, and [Rajasthan]] visit the temple to worship Maa Bhadrakali. Shila peer Mela: Shila Mata Mela takes place on every Thursday near the Bus Stand, Hanumangarh Town. This 6' x 2.5' x 2' size stone is worshiped by Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims. The Hindus and Sikhs call it Shila Mata and the Muslims call it Shila Peer. Shaid Baba Sukha Singh ji, Mahitab Singh ji Yadgari Mela: Shaid Baba Sukha Singh, Mahitab Singh came to Hanumangarh, where he rested under a tree. Today a big fair is held each year in the Hindi month of Bhadhon Mahina to commemorate this event. People of many religions and political leaders come from all over the country. Railway Junction A view of railway station at Hanumangarh Junction. 'Hanumangarh Junction' is a major railway station on Jodhpur-Bikaner-Kalka route; Sadulpur, Rewari, Jaipur, Sriganganagar, Anupgarh, (Canaloop). Both Meter gauge and Broad gauge lines pass through this station. There is a Diamond-Railway-Crossing. The broad gauge started in the year of 1982 from Bhatinda to Hanumangarh to Suratgarh, and first train was flagged by Mr. Milkha Singh, erstwhile Guard 'A'. Language Bagri,[4] a dialect of Rajasthani language, is spoken by the majority of the population. Other languages spoken in the region are Hindi and Punjabi. Bhadra Bhadra is a city and a municipality in Hanumangarh district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Bhadra in colloquial Marwari (a dialect of Hindi) means "The City of Grace". As per History, this name comes from river "SWARNABHADRA" which, unfortunately, has already disappeared. Industrial growth of the city is rising with good pace. There are four ICE plants, few mineral companies and two finance companies in Bhadra. Veritas Infoways is the only IT company of the area. Out of the finance companies, Shyam Commodities is no. 1 in the region. It has religare franchisee and other services like trading in commodity or share market etc. The town is well connected through railroad on the Sri Ganganagar-Sadulpur(Rajgarh)-Jaipur line, and through state highways to Hisar, and Sirsa in the neighboring state of Haryana. Geography Bh dr is loc ted t 2907N 7510E / 29.12N 75.17E / 29.12; 75.17.[1] It has an average elevation of 192 metres (629 feet). Main villages of Bhadra are Ajeetpura,Ghotra patta Nethrana, Chhani Bari, Ghandhi Bari, Bhirani, Kalana and Anoopsahar. Mr. Haji daud khan kaurshi Chairmen of Municipal Board Bhadra. Main circles/street points here are Khubram ji saraf chowk, Ambedkar chowk, Rajiv chowk, Agarsain chowk(gur mandi). ghotra bus stand One beautiful public garden is one old pillar of Bhadra, known as "Gandhi park". Luhariwala dharamsala is famous dharamsala of city and situated in the heart of city. Its used for public ceremoneies like Marriages, Religious purpose like Bhagawat-Path etc. There are some good seeing worth places like 'KATH KI HAVELI', Shri Kuldey dadi Mandir, Gandhi Park, Anaj-Mandi Mandir and samad bhawan etc. Government Hospital" and "Vivekanand Swasthya Sewa Samiti" are the main pillars of Bhadra. VSSS has achieved many milestone and now the most advanced Hospital within whole district of Hanumangarh. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bhadra had a population of 35,137. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Bhadra has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 60% of the males and 40% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Just like other villages, here also people like to gather in the evening and then starts an endless discussion with tea n snacks.... Nohar Nohar is a city and a municipality in Hanumangarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.karota nagar was old name of this city. Contents:Geography/Language/Temple&Mosques/Education/Schools/College/Transportation/Railways/Roadways/PublicRepresentation/ Famous Personality Geography Noh r is loc ted t 2911N 7446E / 29.18N 74.77E / 29.18; 74.77[1]. It has an average elevation of 186 metres (610 feet). The village of Birkali is located in Nohar Tehsil. Nohar is known for its history, old hawelies and poets. Language Bagri, a dialect of Rajasthani language, is spoken by majority of population. Besides, Punjabi, Hindi, Sindhi, English, and Urdu are also in use in this tehsil.[2], Temples & Mosques The famous Gogamadi temple is also in Nohar tehsil. Thousands of pilgrims come to this pilgrimage of Gogamedi and Gorakh-Tila. Surya Bhavan temple is very old and famous temple.sindhi mandir is very old & famous temple. Recently made Baba Shyam Mandir is an example of good architecture. Nearby Mataji temple in Pallu has strong faith of resident of nohar and nearby. Bhadrakali Mataji Temple at Bhookrka is a very ancient shrine and is just 5 km away from Nohar towards Rawatsar. Gurudwara Shri Kabootar-Sahib and Sahwa-Sahib are very old and very famous. It is said that Guru Govind Singh visited the village and thus Sahwa Gurudwara is and village is called Sahwa-Sahib. The Johad (Pond) in Sahwa-Sahib has historical importance and faith among sikhs. kandoi mandir is also famous temple it is opreted by pandit mohan lal chomal (chunni kaka) aamar nath dera is a oldest temple in jogi aasan, nohar. There is also a Temple in Nohar Tehsil known as "Malla Baba Mandir" where People come from Distant Villages. This temple was established by chachan community. Maliyoon ka mohalla hanuman mandir is also very old and famous mandir. Here also 12 mosque in which old mosque is kaji mosque in mohalla bhanipura which built before 200 year old and here is a big madarsa jamia tul hind al-Arabia noorul islam, it is established in 1982 president of madarsa is moulana Mohammad yunus mazahiri serve this madarsa now. in other madarsa is name darul uloom mohammadia. A view of Bhadrakali Temple, Nohar. Education There are many educational institutions including a large number of schools and colleges. Schools There are a lot of schools having the faculty of Science, Arts and Commerce. At the Secondary level there are some famous schools i.e. * Bal vikas adarsh english medium School, mob. 9694469652 * Angel Public School, * Apala School of Education, * Adarsh Vidya Mandir, * Chodhary public, * Smt Kesar Devi Periwal Secondary School, * * Sun Rise Public School, krishna, Rajasthan Public, * Nohar public, * Geetanjali Public School etc. For higher secondary levels * GOVT. HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL(science,arts & commerce), * NEHARU BAL VATIKA SCHOOL(science,arts), * NETAJI SUBHASH CHANDER PUBLIC SCHOOL(arts), * BAL VIKAS ADARSH SR.SEC. SCHOOL(arts,Science & commerce) * GOVT. GIRLS' HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL(arts & commerce) are polishing the students for their bright future. Colleges In the view of higher education Nohar is an emerging town. Hanumangarh district has only one govt. degree college which is situated in NOHAR. Since 2003 NARBDA DEVI BIHANI GOVT. COLLEGE, NOHAR was only one college in nohar. There are all the faculties of education. This is co-educational college. People hesitate to send their girls to send for higher education in this college. In 2003 GARGI KANYA MAHAVIDYALAYA (GARGI GIRLS' COLLEGE) come in to existence.There are two more collages in nohar are NOHAR DEGREE,BAL VIKAS.Now this is leading college in the field of Girls' Education. There are 10 subjects in ARTS and one for M.A. In Nohar there are 2-3 colleges also. There is a POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE for impowerment of technical education.There is two ITI collage. Transportation Railways Nohar is connected to the neighbouring state of Haryana and other parts of state through a metre gauge railway track. The nearby stations are Hanumangarh, Bhadra, Gogamedi and Ellanabad (Haryana). Recently the work has been started for upgrading of existing metre gauge track to broad gauge track under Project Unigauge. Passenger trains are available for nearby areas along with few Express trains. Roadways Nohar has a good network of roads. It is just 40 km away from MEGA HIGHWAY connecting Kishangarh (Ajmer) to Hanumangarh. Apart from it, it is well connected to neighbouring areas through state highways. State Highway 36 connects Nohar to Sahwa and Bhadra on either side. One more highway connects it to the nearby town of Rawatsar which is maintained by Border Roads Organisation and then to the MEGA HIGHWAY. Bypass roads are being built on either sides of the town to avoid traffic congestion. Nohar has a well equipped Bus stand where buses of state road transport corporation ply regularly to the differnt parts of state and of neighbouring state of Haryana. Private operators also conducts tours from Nohar. Daily sleeper coach buses are also available for Delhi, jaipur, Bikaner, Haridwar and adjoining areas from Nohar. Public Representation Nohar comes under Churu Lok Sabha constituency of Indian Parliament represented by Ramsingh Kaswan of BJP. In State Legislature it is a separate constituency represented by Abhishek Matoria of BJP. In recent years the people have raised their demands to give Nohar a district headquarter status. The new district to include Rawatsar, Nohar, Bhadra tehsils of Hanumangarh and Taranagar tehsil of Churu Districts. Famous Personality The present Harvard business school dean Mr Nitin Noharia was born in this dusty town.Mr Nitin Noharia is the tenth dean of Harvard business school. He is the first Asian to adore this chair.Mr Kumbha Ram Arya,former agriculture minister of Rajasthan state of India was also from this town who made land reforms by allotting agriculture land to its rightful owners, the farmers. By doing so he saved Rajasthan from many socio economic problems like naxalism.Indian Lokdal leader former vice prime minister of India, Devi Lal was so fascinated with this place that he had his grand son Abhay Chotala married in this town.It is the place which gets special mention in Nitin Noharia'book "In business,importance

be given to business ethics.Business people should have so strong character that biggest business deals are done by shaking hands.Their faith should remain intact". He advocates such type of philosophy which he learnt once here. Pilibanga Pilibanga (also spelt as Pilibangan) is a city and a municipality in Hanumangarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Pilib ng n is loc ted t 2927N 7405E / 29.45N 74.08E / 29.45; 74.08[1]. It has an average elevation of 173 m (568 ft). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Pilibanga had a population of 33,607. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Pilibanga has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66%, and female literacy is 48%. In Pilibanga, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Rawatsar Rawatsar is a city, a municipality, and one of the eight tehsils in Hanumangarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents Geography/ Demographics/ Language/ Education Geography R w ts r is loc ted t 2917N 7423E / 29.28N 74.38E / 29.28; 74.38.[1] It has an average elevation of 176 metres (577 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Rawatsar had a population of 28,383. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rawatsar has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 44%. In Rawatsar, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Language Bagri,[3] a dialect of Rajasthani language, is spoken by majority of population. Besides, Punjabi, English,Hindi, and Urdu are also in use in this tehsil. The linguistic survey of Bagri was carried our by a team of scholars of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi in 1993 and it was a major development for linguistic work on Bagri. A lot of research work (given in references) is done on Bagri in recent times. Now, Bagri has a reference grammar, dictionary, primers, and other reference material. The prominent poet on Bagri was Chander Singh "Birkali" who wrote "Loon" ,"Badli" and "Damfar" poems in the early-twentieth century. Education There are many schoolspublic and privateup to senior secondary grades. For higher education, two women's colleges and one boys ITI college and one one co-educational college also.and one boy's collage and three B.Ed college also /* Prominent persons */ ii Sangaria Sangaria or Sangariya (Hindi: ) is a city and a municipality in Hanumangarh district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is situated near the northern border of Rajasthan adjoining Haryana and Punjab states. It is located at Latitude:29.48N and Longitude:74.27E. Contents:- Demographics/ Religious Institutions/ Museum/ Geography and climate/ Education / Healthcare/ History/ Gramothan Vidya Peeth Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Sangaria had a population of 34,541. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Sangaria has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 64.5%: male literacy is 82%%, and female literacy is 72%. In Sangaria, 13% of the population is 6 years of age. The sex ratio is 979/1000. Tehsils;Sangaria, Gram Panchayat 27, Number of Villages 187, Developed Villages 177. Gramotthan deemed university, agriculture college and educational institutions are the defining areas of sangaria. Religious Institutions There are many old temples like 1) Shiv Mandir, better known as "Chota Mandir" or Purani Dharmshala Mandir which was funded by late Seth Ganpatrai Hisaria. This temple was under good care of late Pujari Shri Dungar Ramji Sharma, who was also a famous Vaidyaraj(Doctor of Ayurveda Medicine). 2) Panchayati Mandir which was funded by rich merchants (a few amongst them are named in the history column) of Sangaria. This mandir was under the good undertake of late Ramchander ji Shastri, who was one of the leading Sanskrit scholars of the then Sriganganagar district. 3)The Famous Karani Mata mandir which was constructed by Modi trust and family of sangaria 4) Bhumiya ji Ka Mandir. 5) Shani ji Ka Mandir. 6) Ramdev Baba Ka Mandir. 7) Bishnoi Mandir. 8) SheetalDaas baba ka mandir (Kaali and Bhairav Nath mandir) which is very famous,and largest temple of sangaria. In village Nukera the Gosai Temple is situated and this is famous temple in Rajasthan Museum The Sir Chhotu Ram Memorial Museum is situated at Sangaria, 25 km (16 mi). from district headquarters. The clay, stone and metal statues, old coins etc. collected from different parts of the country have been exhibited at this museum. A statue of Parvati from 600-900 AD, a statue of "Tirthankar Shantinath" from the 15th century, a "Toran" from the 17th century and a "Kamandal" of 5.5' height draw special attention of the visitors. Geography and climate Sangaria, situated at 29 5' to 30 6' North and 74 3' to 75 3' east, shares its boundaries with Haryana state in the east, Sriganganagar district in the west, Punjab state in the north and Churu district in the south. The geographical area of the district is 9,656.09 km2 (3,728 sq mi). The climate of the district is semi-dry, extremely hot during the summer and extremely cold during winter. The maximum average temperature remains 18 to 48 and the minimum average is 0 to 28 Celsius. The average rainfall during the year is 225 to 300 mm Education / Healthcare Due to numerous education institutes, Sangaria has a reputation as education hub of northern Rajasthan. It has 7 colleges. Total students studying in Sangaria as on 7 September 1994 were 6487. Sangaria has 43 RSEB affiliated schools. Mostly the education is Hindi but it has gathered momentum in English medium schools as well. Meera Girls College was one of the first only girls institutes of Bikaner Division set up in the late 1980s by Seth Dharam Chand Jain. . The institution provides education from prep to MA Level.Sangaria has one G.V. college of Education(B.Ed.) college which is listed in top 7 colleges of rajasthan. Another B.Ed. college is D.R. college of Education for woman . Gramotthan Vidyapeeth is another prominent higher studies institute here. It was set up by famous social worker and saint late Swami Keshawanand. Apart from above, Sangaria got many engineers, Doctors and CA selected every year. Govt. Sen. Sec. School Nukera is the Top Government school in Hanumangarh Dist. History Before the year 1900, there was a battalion of soldiers of the then princely state of Bikaner to protect the north eastern boundary at the place of the present S ng riy town, which w s known s S ng r, which g ve n me to this town. In 1901-02 the Bikaner state railway line was extended from Hanumangarh to Bhatinda. At that time there was no population at this place so this railway station was called Ch ut l Ro d in the name of the village Chautala situated in Punjab (now Haryana) situated at a distance of 6 km (4 mi) from here. From that time onward there started the inhabitation of people. State Government sanctioned an agricultural mandi here during the early twentieth century. The area was

barren and there was no availability of drinking water. The water was transported by railways from Hanumangarh town and then supplied to each house. Ancient history reveals that this area was a part of the nearly 5000 years old Indus Valley Civilization. The remains of human skeleton, unknown scripts, stamps, coins, utensils, jewellery, toys, statues, wells, bathrooms, fort, streets, markets etc., found in excavation tell the story of well developed life style of our ancestors. In early days Sangariya was popular for its "Gangaur" Mela (Fair),"Pashu"(animals) Mela for sale & purchase pets such as camels, oxes, cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep, donkeys, and horses. Once upon a time Sangaria was known for its herds of Billy Goats, hence Sangaria was called "Bokawali" (a village of Billy Goats) or Boak Mandi (a place to sell and buy Billy Goats). Gramothan Vidya Peeth On 9 August 1917 retired subed r Ch udh ry B h dur Singh Bhobi of the vill ge Bid ngkher st rted J t Anglo Indi n School with the purpose of spreading education in rural areas. Swami Keshwanand was made director of Jat School Sangaria in 1932 when the school was about to close for want of funds. He went from village to village and to the Seths of the desert region who were in Calcutta and far off places and collected funds. He became instrumental in starting hundreds of schools in the desert region. The Jat School Sangaria was renamed as Gramothan Vidyapith, Sangaria in 1948. Swami Keshwanand remained connected with the Gramothan Vidyapith, Sangaria (Rajasthan) (1932 1952). He developed here a beautiful museum with collection of rare documents, ancient items, paintings etc. brought from various places. Large-scale plantations were done in this arid area with the help of people and students of the Institute. Gramothan Vidyapith, Sangaria had become a center of inspiration for educationists from India and abroad. http://gvsangaria.com/ is the official website. Jaipur district Jaipur District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Jaipur, which is Rajasthan's capital and largest city, is the district headquarters. Jaipur District has an area of 11,152 km and a population of 5,252,388, with a population density of 471 persons per km. It is bounded by Sikar District on the north, Haryana state on the extreme northeast, Alwar and Dausa districts on the east, Sawai Madhopur District on the southeast, Tonk District on the south, Ajmer District on the west, and Nagaur District on the northwest. Jaipur (Hindi: ) (Urdu: [ ) d e.p r]( listen)), also popularly known as the Pink City, is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. During the British rule in India, Jaipur was the capital of the princely state of Jaipur. Founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber, the city today has a population of more than 3.5 million. Jaipur is the first planned city of India, located in the semi-desert lands of Rajasthan. The city which once had been the capital of the royalty now is the capital city of Rajasthan. The very structure of Jaipur resembles the taste of the Rajputs and the Royal families. At present, Jaipur is a major business centre with all requisites of a metropolitan city. The city is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and regularity of its streets which are laid out into six sectors separated by broad streets 111 ft (34 m) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses a sprawling palace complex, (Hawa Mahal), formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort, which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. The observatory, Jantar Mantar, is one of the World Heritage Sites.[1] Jaipur is a popular tourist destination in Rajasthan and India. Contents:- History/ Geography and climate/ Geography/ Climate/ Architecture/ Administration/ Politics/ Infrastructure/ Transport/ City bus/ Rail/ Road/ Air/ Economy/ Fauna/ Tourism/Forts & Monuments/ Temples/ Gardens/ Others/ Demographics/ Culture/ Festivals/ Sister cities History Main article: History of Jaipur Jaipur, Principal Street, c. 1875 Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II who ruled from 1699 1744 and initially his capital was Amber, which lies at a distance of 11 km from Jaipur. He felt the need of shifting his capital city with the increase in population and growing scarcity of water. The King consulted several books on architecture and architects before making the layout of Jaipur. Finally under the architectural guidance of Vidyadar Bhattacharya, (initially an accounts-clerk in the Amber treasury and later promoted to the office of Chief Architect by the King) Jaipur came into existence on the classical basis of principles of Vastu Shastra and similar classical treatise. After waging several battles with the Marathas, Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II was keen on the security aspect of the city. Being a lover of Astronomy, Mathematics and Astrophysics, Jai Singh sought advice from Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, a Brahmin scholar of Bengal, to aid him to design many other buildings including the Royal Palace in the center of the city. The construction of the city started in 1727. It took around 4 years to complete the major palaces, roads and square. The city was built following the principles of Shilpa Shastra, the science of Indian Architecture. The city was divided into nine blocks, of which two consist the state buildings and palaces, with the remaining seven allotted to the public. Huge fortification walls were built along with seven strong gates. For the time, architecture of the town was very advanced and certainly the best in Indian subcontinent. In 1853, when the Prince of Wales visited Jaipur, the whole city was painted pink to welcome him during the regime of Sawai Ram Singh. Today, avenues remain painted in pink, provide a distinctive appearance to the city.[2] In the 19th century the city grew rapidly; by 1900 it had a population of 160,000. The city's wide boulevards were paved and lit. The city had several hospitals. Its chief industries were of metals and marble, fostered by a school of art founded in 1868. The city also had three colleges, including a Sanskrit college (1865) and a girls' school (1867) initiated under the reign of the enigmatic Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh II. There was also a wealthy and enterprising community of native bankers, particularly the Jain, Marwaris and the administrators Kayastha. Maharaja Sawai Bhawani Singh Bahadur is the current Maharaja of Jaipur. Geography and climate Geography Geography of Jaipur. Jaipur is the headquarters of the Jaipur district which is situ ted in the e stern p rt of R j sth n. It is loc ted t 2655N 7549E / 26.92N 75.82E / 26.92; 75.82.[3] It has an average elevation of 431 metres (1417 ft). The major rivers passing through the Jaipur district are Banas and Banganga. Ground water resources to the extent of about 28.65 million cubic meter are available in the district. Although serious drought is rare, poor water management and exploitation of groundwater with extensive tube-well systems threatens agriculture in some areas. Climate Jaipur has a hot semi-arid climate (Kppen climate classification BSh) receiving over 650 millimetres (26 in) of rainfall annually but most rains occur in the monsoon months between June and September. Temperatures remain relatively high throughout the year, with the summer months

of April to early July having average daily temperatures of around 30 C (86 F). During the monsoon there are frequent, heavy rains and thunderstorms, but flooding is not common. The winter months of November to February are mild and pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 1518 C (5964 F) and with little or no humidity. There are however occasional cold waves that lead to temperatures near freezing.[4] Panoramic view from the hills surrounding Jaipur Architecture The Ganesh Pol of Amber fort.Amber is now part of Jaipur Municipal Corporation Jaipur is considered by many urbanists to be one of the best planned cities. In an era when most of the Rajputs were busy fighting with each other, Jaipur's kings diplomatically broadened their control sphere maintaining good relations with the Mughals. The city was planned according to Indian Vastu Shastra (Vedic Planning for the comfort and prosperity of the citizens). The directions of each street and market are East to West and North to South. The Eastern gate is called Suraj (Sun) Pol, while the Western gate is called Chand (Moon) Pol. There are three gates facing East, West, and North and a Northern gate (known as Zorawar Singh gate) which faces toward the ancestral capital of Amber, while many gates face South. Although the present city has expanded from outside of its walls, the original planning was within the walls. The gates used to be closed at sunset and opened at sunrise. Almost all Northern Indian towns of that period presented a chaotic picture of narrow twisting lanes, a confusion of run-down forts, temples, palaces, and temporary shacks that bore no resemblance at all to the principles set out in Hindu architectural manuals which call for strict geometric planning. Thus, for Sawai Jai Singh II and the Bengali Guru Vidyadhar, the founding of Jaipur was also a ritual and a great opportunity to plan a whole town according to the principles of Hindu architectural theory. The town of Jaipur is built in the form of a eight-part Mandala known as the 'Pithapada'. Nine signifies the nine planets of the ancient astrological zodiac. It is also known that Sawai Jai Singh II was a great astronomer and a town planner, and hence the 'Pithapada'. Also, the commercial shops are designed in multiples of nine (27), having one cross street for a planet. Administration The administration is handled here at the State , Division and District Level. Jaipur being the capital of the state , this city has the Secretariat which has almost all the administrative officers looking into the functioning of the State Government.Apart from the Secretariat Jaipur has the police headquarters also . Politics The Vidhan Sabha of Rajasthan in Jaipur The recent(2008) general election showed tremendous swing toward the Indian National Congress (INC) with Ashok Gehlot emerging as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan. The INC had won only 2 of 14 parliament elections in the past. Currently Mahesh Joshi is the MP from Jaipur. Previously, Girdhari Lal Bhargava of BJP was the MP from Jaipur, who won for the first time in 1989 and has been elected six times since then. Jaipur Districts has 19 constituencies for electing MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly) of Rajasthan, namely Shahpura, Chaksu, Bassi, Bagru, Sanganer, Malviya Nagar, Adarsh Nagar, Kishanpole, Civil Lines, Vidhyadhar Nagar, Hawa Mahal, Jamva Ramgarh, Amber or Amer, Banipark, Dudu, Phulera, Chomu, Virat Nagar and Kotputli. Banipark is the largest among these constituencies. Rajasthan's stalwart Bhairon Singh Shekhawat has also has been elected the MLA of Jaipur for three times. Jyoti Khandelwal is the new Mayor of Jaipur Municipal Corporation (JMC). Totally, there are 70 seats for Vidhan Parishad in Jaipur District. Infrastructure Jawahar Kala Kendra, designed by Charles Correa, in Jaipur, Rajasthan. World Trade Park in Jaipur, Rajasthan. In a recent International survey Jaipur was ranked the 7th best place to visit in Asia and in another poll it was ranked third among twelve major Indian cities.[citation needed] Modern infrastructural facilities are developing fast, and in many cases surpass those of larger cities like Delhi and Kolkata.[citation needed] The city is expanding very quickly and has become a hot spot for development in Rajasthan. Jaipur International Airport is located at a satellite location of Sanganer and offer's flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Kolkata and Guwahati along with sporadic services to International locations such as Dubai. Since 2000 Jaipur has become a developed centre for education. The city is very peaceful and many north Indian families prefer to send their offspring to Jaipur for higher and technical education. Jaipur has more than 60 Engineering colleges, 40 Business management institutes, 15 Pharmacy Institutes, 4 hotel management Institutes, 3 Medical colleges and 6 Dental colleges. It also has 8 universities including the Rajasthan University. Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur is one of the best technical institutes in India. Jaipur has a well maintained road network with multi-story flyovers and traffic lights with closed circuit cameras. Police control room (PCR) vans are being equipped with GPS to monitor locations and help maintain law and order. Jaipur boasts of International Living standards with well planned colonies of grid like patterns (sectors and blocks) and parks well maintained by JDA (Jaipur Development Authority). The various Shopping malls and Multiplexes which offer a urban lifestyle to Jaipurites. Sawai Mansingh Cricket stadium in Jaipur is a popular venue for many International matches and for Indian Premier League matches. Events like Jaipur Jewelry Show and Jaipur Literature Festival offer a common platform for people not only from India but from other countries also, giving Jaipur a cosmopolitan image. Sawai Mansingh Hospital, SDMH (Durlabhji Hospital) and Fortis Hospital are among the most famed hospitals of Jaipur. Apart from these, there are more than 40 small and mid sized hospitals in the city. Old city of Jaipur is highly congested, whereas suburbs of Jaipur provide wide roads with free flow of traffic. Tech Park has already became operational, built by Mahindra Group and is expected to complete by 2010. Transport Jaipur Kishangarh Express Way Road The city of Jaipur is the capital of the state of Rajasthan and is centrally located. National Highway No.8 links Delhi to Mumbai, National Highway No.12 links to Kota and National Highway No.11 links Bikaner to Agra, passing through Jaipur district with a total length of 366 km. The total length of different types of roads in the district was approximately 4,102 km in March 2000.RSRTC operates bus service to all the parts of Rajasthan and New delhi,Uttar pradesh,Haryana,Madhya pradesh.Bus service is operated from Sindhi camp,Jawahar nagar bus stand,Durgapura bus stand,Sodala bus stand. Jaipur International Airport City bus City buses are operated by JAIPUR CITY TRANSPORT SERVICE LIMITED OF RSRTC under JNNURM.No of buses which are operated under city bus is 300.It includes Ultra modern buses like A/C Low floor,NON A/C Low floor,Semi low floor.There are 2 bus depots Vaishali nagar,sanganer.Bus service covers entire city.Jaipur BRTS which is a part of Bus rapid transport system serving the city has been launched successfully Rail

Jaipur Railway station is the headquarters of the North Western Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It has direct trains on the broad gauge network to all major cities in Rajasthan and India such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Kota, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Gandhinagar, Pune, Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Nagpur, Raipur, Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi, Patna, Trivendrum etc. and metre gauge network to Sri Ganganagar, Churu and Sikar. One of India's most famous and luxurious trains The Palace on Wheels, also makes a scheduled stop in Jaipur.A very ambitious project Jaipur Metro Train is under construction and is going to start in the city by 2014. Air Jaipur International Airport is situated in its satellite town of Sanganer and offers sporadic service to Muscat, Sharjah, Bangkok and Dubai, London via Muscat, London via Sharjah, London via Delhi by Jet and AirIndia, and major European cities like Frankfurt, Paris, Zurich, Moscow by connection through Jet Airways or AirIndia. Jaipur also has well connected domestic air links with Jodhpur, Udaipur, Aurangabad, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Goa, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Indore, Bangalore, Mumbai, Surat, Bhopal, Lucknow, Gorakhpur and Jabalpur. Economy Jaipur district is a centre for both traditional and modern industries. It is famous as largest exporter of Gold, Diamond and Stone Jewellery in Asia and only City finishing blue diamond or called Tanzanite in the world. . The main industrial products include: acetylene gas, ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) cable, all-purpose flour (maida), atta flour, ball bearings, bottling of LPG, ceramics, pottery, cold roll strips, corrugated boxes, deoiled cakes, durries, dyeing and printing, edible oil, electronic items, engraving on brass items, ferrous and nonferrous castings, gems and jewelry, general engineering and manufacturing, granite slabs and tiles, hand-made paper, handicraft items, halogen automobile headlamps, "hawai" chappals (sandals), household electrical appliances, HT steel strips, iodized salt, lamps, laminated springs for railways, marble statues, marble tiles & slabs, moulded plastic components for electronics, nitrochlorobenzene, oxygen gas, perfumes, pigments, plastic containers, P.P. multifilament yarn, PVC cables, PVC doors, PVC footwear, canvas shoes, Portland cement, ready made garments (clothing), re-roller products, semolina (suji), steel furniture, steel ingots, stone grits, synthetic leather, suits & shirts made of synthetic materials, tablets and capsules, two way radio and line, washing soap, wheat, woollen carpets, refined vegetable oil and vanaspati ghee heavy Steel fabrication, brass and lacquer work, enamel work, gems and jewellery, granite tiles, handlooms, marble statues, printed cloth and textiles, ready made garments, woollen and silk carpets. Jaipur has been ranked 31 among the 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing cities.[5] Genpact and Infosys have their BPO already established and running successfully. In fact Genpact has the fastest growing location in Jaipur. Real Estate business is flourishing well from last 23 years. Some of the companies already present here include MICO, Coca Cola, IBM, Ericsson and NEI populary known as NBC Bearings. Jaipur also has Reserve bank of India and many other prominent international banks. India's largest integrated IT SEZ Mahindra World City is located in Jaipur. Master planned by Jurong Constructions Singapore it covers nearly 3,000 acres (12 km2) of land off Ajmer highway and has already attracted major companies like Infosys, TCS, Wipro, Tech Mahindra, ISYS BPO Services, Truworth and Deutsche Bank. India's one of a kind World Trade Park is also under construction in Malaviya Nagar. It will be having luxury hotel, business halls, five screen multiplex, underwater restaurant and many showrooms of international brands. In coming years it will be the hub for modern business development in Jaipur.[citation needed] Number of large and medium scale running units: 48 Number of small scale units: 19,544 Number of industrial areas: 19 (Bagru, Bassi, Bais Godam, Bindyaka, Dudu, Hirawala, Jetpura, Jhotwara, Kaladera, Kanakpura, Kartarpura, Malviya Nagar, Phulera, Renwal, Sanganer, Shahpura, Sitapura, Sudarshanpur and Vishwakarma). Jaipur is soon planned to have an International Convention Centre and a Golf course. A film city near Agra highway is also in the pipeline.[citation needed] Fauna Monkeys in Jaipur In Jaipur there is a colony of 60 monkeys.[6] Monkeys and elephants are considered to be sacred in India. Tourism Jaipur is a very famous tourist and education destination in India. Lots of people flock to Jaipur to view the various forts and monuments in Jaipur which reflect its glorious past. Tourism is a significant part of Jaipur's economy. Some of the world's best hotels are located here. Forts & Monuments * Hawa Mahal * Amber Fort * Jaigarh Fort * Nahargarh Fort * City Palace * Jantar Mantar * Jal Mahal * Rambagh Palace * Central Museum, (Albert Hall Museum) Temples * Govind Dev Ji temple * Galtaji * Birla Temple also known as Lakshmi Narayan Mandir * Moti Doongri Ganesh Temple * Panchayati Hall devoted to Temples of Goddess Durga and Lord Shiva | width="50%" align="left" valign="top" | Gardens * Ram Niwas Garden * Sisodia Rani Garden and Palace * Vidyadhar Garden * Kanak Vrindavan * Central Park * Jawahar Circle Garden * Technology Park,Mansarover Others * Chand Baori(stepwell) * Chokhi Dhani * Raj Mandir Cinema |}

Jantar Mantar attracts thousands of tourists every year. Amber Fort Tourism is important sector of the city's economy The Albert Hall Museum, Jaipur Albert hall Hawa Mahal Hawa Mahal Lakshmi-Narayan Temple The Jal Mahal Rambagh Palace The Vidhan Sabha of Rajasthan in Jaipur Maharaja Palace Jaipur [edit] Demographics [show]Jaipur population Census Pop. % 1981 101,520 1991 1,518,200 1395.5% 2001 2,210,800 45.6% Source: Census of India[7] As of 2001 India census,[8] Jaipur had a population of 2,324,319. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. In Jaipur, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Culture Further information: Jaipur Tamasha Jaipur has a rich culture for which it is well known. Festivals Gangaur Festival Gangaur is a significant festival of Jaipur. This festival is especially meant for women. Gangaur festival is widely acclaimed and celebrated throughout the state of Rajasthan, in the month of March. The word Gangaur is derived from two words, 'Gan' and 'Gauri' which are synonyms of 'Siva' and his consort 'Parvati' respectively. Literature Festival Jaipur has been playing host to a literaure fair inviting writers from subcontinent. Kite Festival Kite Festival is a popular festival of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Kite flying is enjoyed by people of all age-groups. However, 14 January, the day of Makar Sankranti, makes the official day for flying kites in Jaipur. People make most out of the festival by flying kites for the whole day. Teej Festival Teej Festival is one of the most popular festivals of India. Teej celebrates the arrival of monsoon, after the scorching sun of summers. Teej is celebrated in the month of 'Shravan' (JulyAugust), according to the Hindu calendar. Shitla Mata Fair A large fair is held to propitiate the goddess of war whose wrath can be the terrible scourge of smallpox unless appeased by her followers. Consecrated food on this day consists of stale food left out the previous night. The fair is held in and around the temple dedicated to the goddess in Amber, Jaipur. Chaksu Fair A gathering of people from Jaipur's rural pockets collects here in almost all forms of transport - laden into tractor trolleys and jeeps - at what must be one of the most colourful events on the Rajasthani fair calendar. Elephant Festival Celebrated on the eve of Holi, in the month of March, this festival features Elephant Polo and Elephant Dance. The Elephant Festival begins with a beautiful procession of bedecked elephants, camels, horses and folk dancers. The owners proudly embellish their elephants with vibrant colors, jhools (saddle cloth) and heavy jewellery. It is quite a treat to see female elephants wearing anklets, which tinkle as they walk. One can see people sprinkling 'gulaal' (colored powder) perched on top of the elephant. The most beautifully decorated elephant is awarded. Elephant polo, Elephant race, the tug-of-war between Elephant and 19 men and women are the featured events of the festival.[9] Sister cities Jaipur has the following sister cities: * United States Fremont, United States of America[10] since 1993 * Canada Calgary, Canada[11] since 1973 * Nigeria Lagos, Nigeria * France Paris, France Bagru Bagru is a city and a municipality in Jaipur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Contents: - Geography/ Demographics/ Economy/ Education Geography B gru is loc ted t 2649N 7533E / 26.82N 75.55E / 26.82; 75.55.[1] It has an average elevation of 341 metres (1118 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Bagru had a population of 22,089. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bagru has an average literacy rate of 52%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 66% of the males and 34% of females literate. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Economy Bagru is known for natural dyes and hand block printing. Bagru is the place of Chhipa community people who are involved in this printing tradition since 100 years ago. Bagru is also known for Natural dyeing, Indigo Dyeing and Wooden hand Block Printing over textile articles. Bagru is also famous for RICO. Education There are many schools in Bagru. Mostly schools are running Hindi medium courses. In Bagru, children play school is famous.Head of this school is mr. neeraj sain.It is Hindi medium school.MG English International Sr.Sec.School is an English medium school that is fulfilling needs of modern and English medium education. There are some colleges also in Bagru. All are private and trying to get settled.

Bairat Bairat is a town in northern Jaipur district of Rajasthan, state, India located 52 km north of Jaipur, and 66 km west of Alwar. Contents:- History/ Geography/ Demographics/ Places To Visit History The ancient name of the town was Viratnagar, and its history goes back to the time of the Mahabharata. Viratnagar was the capital of the ancient Indian kingdom (Mahajanapada) of Machcha or Matsya. The kingdom came under the control of the neighboring Chedi Kingdom in the 5th century, and was later part of the Mauryan Empire. The ruins of the Bijak-ki-pahadi, a Buddhist Chaitya (chapel) from the 3rd century BCE, is the oldest free standing Buddhist structure in India. The town also has the ruins of a Buddhist monastery, a wood and timber shrine, and rock-cut edict from Emperor Ashoka that date from the Mauryan period. In 634 Xuanzang had visited the Bairat and Mathura towns. He went east to Jalandhar in eastern Punjab, before climbing up to visit predominantly Theravada monasteries in the Kulu valley and turning southward again to Bairat and then Mathura, on the Yamuna river. The town has a number of Mughal structures, including a Chhatri (cenotaph) with some of the earliest surviving murals in Rajasthan, and a lodge where the Mughal emperor Akbar hunted and stayed overnight on his yearly pilgrimage to Ajmer. The town's Viratnagar Museum houses artifacts from Bairat's long history, including sculptures, coins, pottery, seals and metal objects.the banganga river originates from nearby village mair. Geography Bairat is located at 2727N 7611E / 27.45N 76.18E / 27.45; 76.18[1]. It has an average elevation of 430 m (1,411 ft). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Viratnagar had a population of 17,237. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Viratnagar has an average literacy rate of 50%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 34%. In Viratnagar, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. The twn is in a great speed to success. The roads and the water flow are on adevelopment.Soon the town will be with all facalites like jaipur.A tourist department is also going to build here soon. Places To Visit Bijak-ki-pahadi a Buddhist Chaitya (chapel) from the 3rd century BCE, is the oldest free standing Buddhist structure in India. Mughal Gate it is a lodge where the Mughal emperor Akbar hunted and stayed overnight on his yearly pilgrimage to Ajmer. Scenic Beauty is at it Best in Viratnagar as it is Surrounded by Aravallis all around. Hanuman Temple and Ganesh Temple on top of two Different hill are the beautifull places. Chaksu Chaksu (also known as Chatsu) is a city and a municipality in Jaipur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Geography Ch ksu is loc ted t 2636N 7557E / 26.60N 75.95E / 26.60; 75.95[1]. It has an average elevation of 297 m (974 ft). Demographics As of the 2001 India census,[2] Chaksu had a population of 29,111. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Chaksu has an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 67% and female literacy of 38%. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Chomu Chomu is a city and a municipality in Jaipur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Contents: - Geography/ Shopping/ Demographics Geography Chomu is loc ted t 2710N 7543E / 27.17N 75.72E / 27.17; 75.72.[1] It is 33 km far in north from Jaipur (Capital of Rajasthan). Chomu is having a good tourist and filmmakers destination in its nearby village named Samod. It has also a good class of hotels such as Serena Palace,etc. It is famous for its bumper groundnut crop every year. Due to the presence of sweet and fresh water, fruits and vegetables that are grown here, have a very good taste. Everyday, a large quantity of fruits and vegetables are sold in the nearby city Jaipur. It is also connected to Jaipur by a meter gauge rail line. Shopping Chomu is a very good shopping hub. All kind of things are available at lower prices. It has its famous Sadar Bazar and which is visited by a good number of foreign tourists every year. Various famous shops includes Deepak Stationers (A Departmental Store in Sadar Bazar), Vijayvargiya Mishthan Bhandar (A Sweets Shop in Naya Bazar), etc.there are many historical palace like-RAVAN GATE,BOUNDARY WALL;there are a shopping mall known as ashoka plaza; Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Chomu had a population of 50,717. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Chomu has an average literacy rate of 63 Jobner Jobner is a city and a municipality in Jaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents Geography/ Demographics/ College/ School/ Temple Geography Jobner is loc ted t 2658N 7523E / 26.97N 75.38E / 26.97; 75.38.[1] It has an average elevation of 400 metres (1312 feet). Here a famous temple of JWALA MAIYA is situated. Jobner is also famous for the college Sri Karan Narendra College of Agriculture which was established by Rawal Narendra Singh in the year 1947.the college is also known as SKN College of Agriculture. it is a constituent campus of Rajasthan Agricultural University. it offers courses leading to B.Sc.(Ag.) Hons, M.Sc.(Ag.) and Ph.D. in Agriculture. The college has produced several luminaries in Indian Agriculture. The library of this college was established in 1947, presently attached to extension department.It has total a collection of 42000 which includes Books,Journals, Govt publications,theses along with CD databases collection like CAB /AGRIS /AGRICOLA /PGRABST / onlinejournals J GATE Agriculture portal and other audio visual CD. In 2004 Internet-CDROM unit has been established. After 1996 ,Dr K M Krishna Asstt Librarian, Jewel of India, Rajasthan, has taken new steps to improve and mordenise the library building by adding new infrastructures and services like Reprographic unit (1997), Internet-CDROM unit (2004) ,Audio visualunit(2004), Book Bank Unit, Periodical unit Old stack unit, CCTV systems of the library. He has made first Library orientation CD: LIBRARY ON PROGRESS SINCE 1947 for UG/PG students of this college not only in Rajasthan but also in India (20/8/2008) and He has been awarded jewel of India and eminent citizen award in 2006 for outstanding contributions in library and profession services. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Jobner had a population of 10,496. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Jobner has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 51%. In Jobner, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

College (1)S.K.N.Agriculture College (http://sknjobner.org/college.asp) (2)Jobner P.G.Mahila College (3)Girls B.Ed College Jobner is a center of high educations in agriculture. SKN college of agriculture was the first college in Rajasthan for agriculture subject estt. by Lt. Shri Karan Narendr Singh our first edu. minister of state and THAKUR of jobner. Many IAS, RAS, and scientists are alumni of this which are giving their services to India and across the world. for visit Jobner P.G. Mahila Mahavidhayalaya is located at behind samudayik bhawan,dhani nagan,jaipur road. Smt.Kamla Devi Mahila Shikshak Prashikshan Mahavidyalaya, jobner. School {1}SKN Govt. Sr. Sc. School {2}RDV Govt. Sr. Sc. Girls School {3}Bal Mandir School(Now became Centarl Acadmey) (4)Bhagasara Bal Mandir School (5)Tagore Vidhya Mandir Sr. Sec. School (6)Gramin Adarsh Vidhya Mandir Sr. Sec. School SKN sr. sc. school is the one which started agricultur as subject for sr. class in rajasthan. Sh. Bheru Singh Shekhawat completed his school studies from here not only in studies but also in sports it played a good role maney national and international players of basketball and tennis. Mr. Digvijaya Singh, Mr. Viveke Jhajharia, Mr. Arpit Gaur, Mr. Hansraj Choudhary and Mr Laxman Choudhary are well known player in tennis world of rajasthan from this school. Mr. Viveke, Mr. Digvijaya and their other team members Mr. Anirudh Singh{Great Grand son of Lt. Sh. Karan Narender Singh}{St. Xeveir's School Jaipur} and Mr. Tariq Anwar{from Tonk} were the first who won bronze medel for rajasthan at national level in 2003. Mr. Digvijay, Mr, Viveke and Mr Arpit cont. won silver medel for jobner at state level, the first gold medel was won by Mr. Vivek, Mr. Arpit with the help of their team members Mr Hansraaj, Rahul Sharma{tvm} in 2006. And Mr. Aman Dadhich also has got 2nd Possion in Science Fair at State lavel in 2009. Bhagasara bal mandir school is a school in jobner it is a big school and it is most famous school in jobners village areas Temple Temple of Goddess Jwala mata is a famous temple in India from jobner, many visitors came here in 'NAVARATRA' the temple of jwala mata is on a hill and there are two old forts on the hill, here are some pictures of it Kishangarh Renwal Kishangarh Renwal is a city and a municipality in Jaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Kishangarh Renwal had a population of 27,563. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kishangarh Renwal has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 46%. In Kishangarh Renwal, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. There will be municipality elections in Kishangarh Renwal in August,2010. Mahendra Dadhich is the President of municipality board. Mahendra Dadhich belongs with BJP. Kotputli Kotputli is a town and a municipality in Jaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is made up of the main town named Kot and the nearby Putli village, which is now considered a part of the main town. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Kotputli had a population of 1,00,157. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kotputli has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 56%. In Kotputli, 16% of the population is under 16 years of age. & the kotputli is fast increasing town in infrastructure development. its don by placed between delhi & jaipur center. the jaipur is already fast city, its benefit goes to kotputli. Geography It is situated on the National Highway No.8 at a distance of 165 k.m. from Delhi and 106 k.m. from Jaipur. While travelling from Delhi to Jaipur, Kot is on the left side while Putli is on the right. Kotputli was founded and ruled for a long time by "Tanwar" Rajputs and in the older times, the region was called "Torawati". The main landmarks of Kotputli include Lalchand Laxminarayan Dharamshala (Hanuman Mandir), B.D.M. Government Hospital, Sardar Senior Secondary School, Nagarpalika Park, Sitaram Arjundas Ramvilas Bagichi (I.T.I.), Lal Bahadur Shastri P.G. College, Azad Chowk, Purani Bawri and Shiv Mandir, Janana Hospital etc. The Purani Bawri is an old step well or Bawri which was once used as a rain water reservoir. This has been dried up now. The old market is situated near Azad Chowk.since last 35 year (1975) a manufacturing ayurvadic medican firm with name shri ram rasayan shala situated near Azad Chowk. Phulera Phulera is a city and a municipality in Jaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Phuler is loc ted t 2652N 7514E / 26.87N 75.23E / 26.87; 75.23[1]. It has an average elevation of 387 metres (1269 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Phulera had a population of 21,639. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Phulera has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 62%. In Phulera, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sambhar Sambhar (officially known as Sambhar Lake Town)is a city and a municipality in Jaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Its importance is primarily because of it is situated along the Sambhar Lake, the largest saline lake in India. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Sambhar had a population of 22,293. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sambhar has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 53%. In Sambhar, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Shahpura Shahpura is a city and a municipality in Jaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents:- History/ Geography Demographics History Shahpura was the tazimiThikana of Shekhawat Sub clan. It was the head seat (Tikai Thikana) of Shekhawat. Present head of the family or present ruler of Shahpura is Rao Shri Rajender Singh Shekhawat Ji Saheb.

Geography Sh hpur is loc ted t 2538N 7456E / 25.63N 74.93E / 25.63; 74.93[1]. It has an average elevation of 364 metres (1194 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Shahpura had a population of 28,170. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Shahpura has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 43%. In Shahpura, 17% of the population is under six years of age. Jaipur to 65 km ahead for Delhi-Jaipur highway. One famous location TRIVENI DHAM is just 11 km from shahpura.[citation needed]There is a famous degree college named as Baba Bhagwan Das PG College, Chimanpura. Alwar district Alwar District is a district in Rajasthan, a state in northern India, with capital in the city of Alwar. The district is bounded on the north by Haryana state, and on the east by Bharatpur, on the south by Dausa, and on the west by Jaipur districts. Contents:- History/Administrative set up History The first reference to Alwar goes back to story of Prahald-Hiryanyakashyap, next in Mahabharata where the Pandavas lived their one year in hidden exile (Virat Nagar) called Barath, the area gained prominence under the rulership of Gurjar Pratihars and their allies Badgujars. It was a part of vast Northern Indian empire known as Gurjara - Pratihara. The town previously named as "Matsyanagar", meaning the city of fishes. The city houses numerous places of historical and tourist interest. The district also has accountable high turnover industries in functioning including the Ashok Leyland, Pepsi, Parryware, Kajaria Ceramics. The city is also famous for the vegetable market connection to the other parts of the country mainly for the onion and mustard seed supply. One of the world famous things is the Milkcake. Bala Qilla (Fort), situated in the Aravali Hills is one of the best fort present in the rajasthan. It is said that it has been never invaded or conquered by any king. Just behind the bala qilla is the Nikumbh Mahal. There are many small palaces in the city and an old museum with a good collection of paintings, armours, old weapons. Sariska Tiger Reserve is located in the district. Arvari River flows through this district. Administrative set up The 11 tehsils of this district are as follows: Fort in Thanagazi * Thanagazi * Umren * Rajgarh * Reni * Laxmangarh * Kathumar * Ramgarh * Tijara * Tapukara * Kotkasim * Kishangarh Bas * Mundawar * Bansur * Behror Alwar Alwar City (Rajasthani: ) is a city and administrative headquarters of Alwar District in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is a part of National Capital Region (NCR) and is located around 160 km south of Delhi, and about 150 km north of Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan. Alwar was formerly the capital of the princely state of Alwar or Ulwar in British India. India's highest ever recorded temperature of 50.6 C (123.1 F) was measured at Alwar on 10 May 1956.[1] Contents:-History/Rulers of Alwar state/Geography/Demographics/Ethnicity/Local attractions/Fairy Queen/Places to see/Excursions/Villages in Alwar History Alwar has been a part of Matsya region of olden times whose capital was Virat Nagar."Alwar" was formerly known as "Ulwar". This placed it in last position in alphabetically ordered lists, so a king renamed it to "Alwar" to bring it to the top. Till the 11 A.D. this area was ruled by a powerful Gujar Chief.[2] During the Muslim period one of the Emperors demanded a daughter in marriage from Ishwar Das the Bargujar Raja of Alwar. On his refusal to comply the Bargujar were slaughtered where ever found, but some escaped, among them Raja Dalku Rao a chief of clan, fled and founded the Sikarwar branch of Rajputs.[citation needed] Alwar is famous for its scenic landscape Historically, the territory of modern Alwar state was under the sway of the Gurjars with capital at rajyapura (Razor).A Gurjar king named Mathandeva were ruling here aroumd 11th century.[3] Hemu also known as Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, a Hindu Emperor of India, was born in this district at village 'Maccheri Devat' in the year 1501. His father Rai Puran Das, a Brahmin was a Purohit and was beheaded by Akbar's forces on refusal to convert to Islam, at the age of 82, in the year 1556 in Machheri village only. Hemu had won 22 battles against Afghan rebels during 1553-56 spanning entire North India from Punjab to Bengal and had acceeded to the throne of Delhi on 7 October 1556 after defeating Akbar's forces at Agra and Delhi. Hemu had his Rajyabhishake at Purana Quila in Delhi. Hemu Vikramaditya had established 'Hindu Raj' in North India after a foreign rule of 350 years by Islamic invaders and rulers. He had sacrificed his life fighting Mughals in the Second battle of Panipat. The princely state of Alwar was founded by Pratap Singh, a Rajput of the Kachwaha lineage, in the second half of the 18th century. His adopted son, Bakhtawar Singh, aided the British against the Marathas. After the battle of Laswari (1803), Alwar became the first state of Rajputana to sign a treaty of 'Offensive and Defensive Alliance' with the British East India Company.[4] A few years later, Bakhtawar Singh ventured an armed incursion into neighbouring Jaipur, the senior Kachwaha state, and the erstwhile overlord of his predecessor. Bakhtawar Singh was defeated; a fresh engagement was made with him by the HEIC, prohibiting him from political intercourse with other states without British consent. During the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, Raoraja Bane Singh sent a force consisting mainly of Muslims and Rajputs, to relieve the British garrison in Agra. The Muslims deserted and the rest were defeated by the rebels. Pran Sukh Yadav, who fought beside Rao Tula Ram of Rewari in 1857, settled along with the kinsmen of dead soldiers at Village Nihalpura, Behror Tehsil, of Alwar District. Kishorpura Village of Bansur Tehsil is dominated by Bhati clan of Gurjar Community.

Following the independence of India in 1947, Alwar acceded unto the dominion of India. On March 18, 1948, the state merged with three neighbouring princely states (Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karauli) to form the Matsya Union. This union in turn merged unto the Union of India. On May 15, 1949, it was united with certain other princely states and the territory of Ajmer to form the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan. Jai Dayal Yadav and Prime Minister of Matsya Union Shobha Ram Kumawat played a vital role in bringing education to the rural areas of Alwar after independence.[citation needed] Neemrana Rulers of Alwar state * Pratap Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (17751791) Rao Raja of Alwar * Bakhtawar Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (17911815) Rao Raja of Alwar * Bane Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (18151857) Maharao Raja of Alwar * Sheodan Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (18571874) Maharao Raja of Alwar * Mangal Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (18741892) Maharaja of Alwar * Jai Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (18921937) Maharaja of Alwar * Tej Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (19371971) Maharaja of Alwar (titular Maharaja from 19712009) * Jitendra Pratap Singh Prabhakar Bahadur, Maharaja of Alwar (titular from 2009-) Geography Alw r is loc ted t 2734N 7636E / 27.57N 76.6E / 27.57; 76.6.[5] It has an average elevation of 271 metres (889 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[6] Alwar had a population of 160,245. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Alwar has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 59% of the males and 41% of females literate. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. Ethnicity The Residents of Alwar are from different communities majority of resident were Yaduvanshi Ahirs and remaining are Meo, Gujjars, Brahmans, Mahajans , Saini and of Dalit community. Local attractions Alwar rail station outside Alwar Junction Alwar contains many interesting and historical monuments. The city has a beautiful lake and a picturesque valley. The Sariska Tiger Reserve is located in the Aravalli hills only a few kilometres away from Alwar. The sanctuary, which is a Project Tiger reserve, also boasts of many other species, including rare birds and plants. The military cantonment of Itarana lies on the outskirts of Alwar. Fairy Queen It is the oldest working engines in the world. The engine was built in the year 1855 and acquired by the Eastern Indian Railways from a British firm. Now the train is one great means of transportation that departs from the Delhi encampment and reaches its destination at Alwar, in Rajasthan. Places to see An image of the Sariska Palace[7] within Sariska Tiger Reserve Siliserh Lake is wonderful tourist place surrounded by green Aravalli Hills * The Alwar fort (Bala Quila) * Sariska Tiger Reserve * Haldia Bhawan - About 250 year old Haveli * Siliserh Lake * Jaisamand Lake * Pandupol Hanuman Temple * City Palace * Government Museum * Moosi MaharaniChhatri * Purjan Vihar * Tomb of Fateh Jang * Nehru garden * Hope Circus * Moti Doongri Park * Bharthari * Naldeshwar * Neelkanth * Narayani Mata * Karni Mata * Ada Pada * Andheri * Taalvriksh * Saagar * Ajabgarh * Bhangarh * Mansa Devi Mandir * Garwaji * Laal Diggi * Kishan-Kund * The Sariska Palace * surya nagar * vijay temple * karauli kund * ganyatri temple * natni ka bara * jain temple Excursions

* Vijay Mandir Palace (10 km) * Jaisamand Lake (6 km) * Siliserh Lake and palace (13 km) * Viratnagar (66 km) * Sariska (42 km) * The Sariska Palace [2] (21 km) * Hope Circus (Middle place of the old city) * Pandu paul (70 km) * Ajabgarh and Bhangarh (80 km) * Tijara * Pratapgarh (55 km) * Mansa Mata Temple Hamirpur (Bansur) (35 km) * Gator (Alligator) Hole [3] (13 km) * Garhi Mamor (Mamod Dham, Mandav Rishi's Taposhthli, Karma Bai's Karmasthli(Mamod Dham mahatyam wrote by Pt. Prabhu Dayal Joshi)) Villages in Alwar * Mousampur Behror Behror ( ) is a town and a municipality in Alwar district in the state of Rajasthan, India.Behror comes under Delhi NCR region.[1][2][3] Contents * 1 Geography * 2 History * 3 Demographics * 4 Midway Behror * 5 See also * 6 References Geography Behror is loc ted t 2753N 7617E / 27.88N 76.28E / 27.88; 76.28.[4] It has an average elevation of 312 metres (1,024 ft). Behror had been an industrial since the early 90's, the industrial area is known as RIICO (Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Investment Corporation Limited) Industrial area. The industries set up are Cement Production Plants, a few pharmaceutical companies and plywood companies. Neemrana is another industrial area at a distance of 10 km from behror towards Delhi which comes under RIICO too.Names of the more popular companies in Neemrana are, * Terry Plus India Pvt Ltd. * Parle G Biscuit * Ginni International * Apex Tubes * Malbros Group of Company of Stones.(In Mandhan,near khosyawas(Anandpur). History Rors founded the town of Behror by establishing one of their biggest forts here in the 2nd century BC. Pran Sukh Yadav,who fought along with Rao Tula Ram against the British in 1857, hailed from Behror Tehsil. His descendants include the Lumbardar family of Jay Dayal Yadav, Village Nihalpura. Chandra Swami, spiritual adviser of many politicians also belongs to Behror. Nearby villages great soldiers are serving India's Army. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[5] Behror had a population of 22,829. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Behror has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 60% of the males and 40% of females literate. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Midway Behror Behror serves as a popular stop for travelers from Jaipur to Delhi on National Highway-8. All deluxe and AC Volvo buses of Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation stop here for 20 minutes. The restaurant has a bar also and an SBI ATM. Bhiwadi Bhiwadi is a census town in Alwar district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Contents:- Demographics/Resources/Educational Institute/Transportation/Economy/Industries Demographics Flying Fox Neemrana See also: Manesar See also: Bawal As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Bhiwadi had a population of 33,830. Males constitute 63% of the population and females 37%. Bhiwadi has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 76% and female literacy of 53%. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.A large number of Yadav and Gujjar community people live in Bhiwadi. Bhiwadi is located at the East End of Rajasthan in Tijara Tehsil of Alwar District, just 55 km away from the Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, 200 km form State Capital Jaipur, 90 km from Alwar, 40 km from Gurgaon, 60 km from Faridabad and 5 km from NH-8 (DelhiJaipur highway) on the Dharuhera-Sohna Road. Resources Land 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) in Bhiwadi.977 acres (3.95 km2) in Khushkhera and 820 acres (3.3 km2) in Chopanki Water availability 4,000 gallons per hour. Water depth -25 m. average .Present daily supply -0.55 MGD. Wind velocity 5 km. per hour. Power 132 KV GSS and 220 KV GSS. Tele-Communications Telephone -20,000 line electronic exchange with STD facility Telex- 4000 lines exchange (BSNL and Rainbow). Educational Institute

UCSKM Public School,Modern Public School, Modern Academy Sr. Secondary School, St. Xaviers School, Presidency International,central academy, Starex International, dudh Public School, Sagar International, Raman Munjal Vidya Mandir are Prominent Schools Of Bhiwadi. Transportation Internal transport Bus services available Economy Stainless Steel Industry in Bhiwadi. Bhiwadi sub-region is playing a major role in the economic development of Rajasthan. Spread over 3,347 acres (13.54 km2) of land and 3,000 acres (12 km2) area are proposed for extension, Bhiwadi has around 2,500 tiny, small, medium, large, industries and including MNC industrial units manufacturing various types of products. They include all types of industries like steel, furnace, electronics, engineering, textiles, pharmaceuticals, printing, cables, rolling mills, food processing, herbal care etc. Being a small town, All major Government Offices like Post Office, Police Station, DIC, Fire Station, Electronic Telephone Exchange, Rajasthan Financial Corporation, RIICO , ESI Hospital, Govt. Referral Hospital, Central Excise Excise Deptt., Sub-Registrar Office, NSIC Office etc. Industries * Prominent industries are Hi-Set Polymers, Synthetic Coat & Chemicals. * Spirotech Heat Exchangers India Limited, Lloyd Electric and engineering Limited. * Bhiwadi Metal Private Limited, Rosenbergershilpi Technologies Ltd, Samtel India Ltd. * Bausch & Lomb Ltd. Parasrampuria Synthetics Ltd. Paam Pharmaceutical Ltd. * Indian Shaving Product Ltd., Climate Systems India Ltd, Honda Siel Cars India Limited. * Swastik Automobiles,5-star dealer of Castrol and GOLD Retailer of TATA. Area is suitable for engineering, food processing, pharmaceuticals and Hi-tech industries Govindgarh Govindgarh is a census town in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents:-Geography/Demographics/Govindgarh Fort Geography Govindg rh is loc ted t 2627N 7423E / 26.45N 74.38E / 26.45; 74.38.[1] It has an average elevation of 373 metres (1223 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Govindgarh had a population of 10,086. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Govindgarh has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 52%. In Govindgarh, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Govindgarh Fort As the name suggests,Govindgarh is known for an ancient fort(Garh).Fort is known for its architectural Govindji Temple.Its so called because Lord Krishna(Govind) stayed here for a night in this fort. Khairthal Khairthal is a city and a municipality in Tehsil Kishangarh Bas Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is at the northern end of Aravali Contents:- Demographics/Economy/Important places/Banks and ATM/Connectivity Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Khairthal had a population of 32,008. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Khairthal has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 56%. In Khairthal, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Economy Khairthal has a 3rd Biggest grain market of Rajastahan called "Anaj Mandi" with many grain shops."RAMBILAS RAMAVATAR" is the most respectable firm of the Anaj Mandi. This Anaj mandi is Largest in terms of Mustard Deals . It also is a source of mustard oil and onions.According to Mr. ASHOK DATA (CHAIRMAN of the municipality),khairthal is growing very rapidly and many industries are seeking interest in the town since it is close to DELHI. Industres : Potential Insutries at kahairthal are * Mustard Split * Pulses * Cotton Ginning Mustard Oil Plant M/S Vijay Industries was established in 1978 at Khairthal. The Plant has a production capacity of 20 MT of mustard oil per day [3] Khairthal has two RIICO industrial Area of sizes 30 and 33 Acres.[2] There are Many Small and mid scale Mustard Oil plants there.A couple of Brick Manufacturer are also functioning. Important places This place has just one tourist place cum temple Called Hanumanji ka Mandir. Every Tuesday and Saturday thousands of people come to worship at this temple and visit beautiful rock mountains present. The 40 foot road is the new generation market of khairthal. The Narayan Talkies is only cinema hall in the town. Famous landmarks in this place are * High Secondary School * Jawahar Navodya Vidyalaya (of the Alwar district) * Pushkarna Temple, Arya Samaj Mandir * Government Hospital * Hanumanji Ka Mandir (pahadi wale) * Mazar of Peer Baba * Lakshminarayan ji ka Mandir (Old Anaaj Mandi) * Jhoolelal Mandir ( dhib ) * Pariyon ki haveli. * Mahawar dharmshala Banks and ATM State Bank ATM is available at Mator Road Main market opp to Lakshmi Narayan Temple Banks : * Punjab National Bank * Alwar Co operative Bank

* State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur SBBJ * Bank of Rajasthan Ltd Connectivity Khairthal is well connected by both Rail and Road . Nearest Airport is Indira Gandhi International Airport , Delhi. Jaipur International Airport is also near. Its on Delhi Jaipur Railway track 130 km from Delhi. By road its connect to National Highway 8 (India) Jaipur Delhi Expressway. Connecting points( Roads ) at NH8 for Kahairthal * From Jaipur side is Kothputli(via Bansoor) * From Delhi side is Dharuheda via Kishangarh Bas Most of the Trains ( Superfast / Fast passenger /Pessengers )on this Link halts at Khairthal Like Ashram Express , Malani Express , Pooja Express and many more Kherli Kherli is a city and a municipality in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics This section's tone or style may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (June 2009) As of 2001[update] census of India,[1] Kherli has a population of 15,494. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Kherli has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 65%. In Kherli, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kherli is not a lonely town, Kherli represents a conglomerate of more than 20 villages surrounding it and these villages are integrated by the economy of Kherli town. Some of these villages are Kherli Goan(village),Neawadi,Sonkhar, Bhanokhar, Samouchi, Sonkhari, Rampura, Sahajpura, Akhaigarh etc. The farm produce is brought to grain mandi of Kherli which is a well known grain mandi of eastern Rajasthan.And some shops are quite famous in this mandi like Swaroop chand Mahesh Chand etc. The place have produced many Engineers, Doctors, Pharmacists and other professionals who are now serving in various parts of the country and abroad. Dr. Brajesh Goyal is a well known doctor in New York. Naresh Gupta, Mohanraj Goyal and Sourabh Gupta have established themselves in computer and telecom engineering in top American companies. Kherli can boast of selection of 4 engineers consecutively into the oldest running civil services cadre of IRSE that is Indian Railway services of Engineers. These are Mr. Chauthi Lal Meena (Rampura), Sudheer Kumar Jain (now in Jaipur), Madan Gopal Banga(now moved to Alwar) and Mukesh Kumar Gupta (presently in Lucknow). There is a big apparels and readymade-garment store owned by Shyam Sunder Khandelwal. Presently A website is developed [2] by software engineer Mr. Neeraj Agrawal who is working in Asia's Largest software consulting company (Tata Consultancy Services) with there 5 friends. This website includes all the details about the kherli. In Kherli there is a shop (Super Sales) which fulfills all the technology-related requirement of Kherlians (this store is well known for sports, Telecom services, Gifts). Super sales always do the different things in the business (comes with Innovative ideas like earlier there was no sports shop in kherli people goes to Near cities like Bharatpur or Alwar) same in telecom products... All the kherlians best wishes for this store with many more success....... Many engineers, Chartered Accounts and docotors are now settled in the capital city Jaipur. Recently they all organised themselves in an association under the banner of "Kherli Samajik Vikas Samiti". This Association is growing day by day and now boast of more than 100 active members. Recently this samiti had its first Diwali milan at "Rawat Farms " near Jaipur it was well attended and a whole day programme. The samiti office bearers are: * Sudheer Kumar Jain President * Sita Ram Khandelwal Secretary Mr Sudheer Jain is an Engineer who has had an illustrious carrier in Indian Railways and now a leading Bridge expert in the state of Rajasthan. the kherlian Mr. Ashish Agarwal shifted to New Delhi. He is well famous journalist. he did many sting operations with Cobrapost. the top one is GADDAR showing nearly a dozen candidates of at least two key political parties accepting money and promising dubious favors to their financiers after their election. Mr. Ashish est blished N tion l NGO Friends. Friends is non -political, non-communal and non-profitable volunteer organization. The NGO works for socio-economic, educational, awareness and cultural development of the most neglected, oppressed, downtrodden and disadvantage section of the society. for more info visit www.friendssociety.in Kishangarh Kishangarh is a census town in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Kish ng rh is loc ted t 2634N 7452E / 26.57N 74.87E / 26.57; 74.87[1]. It has an average elevation of 433 metres (1420 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Kishangarh had a population of 9472. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kishangarh has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 62%. In Kishangarh, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Rajgarh Rajgarh (Rajasthani: ) is a city and a municipality in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is a neat small town and has scenic hills dotted with some forts and fortresses. Contents:-Geography/Demographics/Food Geography Rajgarh has an average elevation of 479 metres (1571 feet).[1] Rajgarh was earmarked as the capital of the Alwar princely state in the early 19th century. Today it is a major agricultural centre with a RIICO industrial park. It lies on the main railway line between Jaipur and Delhi via Bandikui junction. It is linked to NH 11 or Jaipur-Agra highway (to the South) at Sikandra and to Alwar City (to the North) via the well maintained State Highway 25. Rajgarh is very close to the famed Sariska Tiger Reserve. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Rajgarh had a population of 25,006. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Rajgarh has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 51%. In Rajgarh, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Pandit Bhawani Sahai Sharma was a famous personality from Rajgarh. Involved in the Delhi conspiracy case and incarcerated in the Naini Central Jail, Allahabad for 9 years during the British Raj he was an important functionary of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army of

Chandra Shekhar Azad in Delhi region and was slated to be the commander of the Army upon Azad's death in Allahabad. He represented the Thana Gazi assembly seat of Rajgarh in the Rajasthan Assembly from 1952 to 1957. Food The 'Kachori and panipuri' of Rajgarh is very popular. Rajgarh is also known for its mangoes and katcha aam. Tijara Tijara is a city and a municipality in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents:- Geography/Demographics/History/Historical figures/Important places/Nearby towns/Chronicle or places of memoir/See also Geography Tijara is located at 2756N 7651E / 27.93N 76.85E / 27.93; 76.85[1]. It has an average elevation of 291 metres (954 feet). Tijara is easily reached from the Daruhera-Alwar road. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Tijara had a population of 19,918. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Tijara has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 51%. In Tijara, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. History Tijara is one the most historic place from the Vedic Yug. Name of Tijara was "Trigat Nagar" at the time of RamaYug (SatYug). Shravan passed through TrigatNagar when he was on the journey of Dharshan Of CharDham with his Parents. The mention of Tijara is found in the book, 'Mirat ul Masaud', which relates how Saiyad Ibrahim Mashhadi Barah Hazari (died 421 AH / 1030 AD), an officer of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, in A.H. 420 (A.D. 1030) attacked Dhundgarh near Rewari, the Raja of which fled to his kinsman Tej Pal of Rewari. The latter, in a night attack, killed Saiyad Ibrahim, but his disciple Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud compelled Tej Pal to fly to Tijara, where, in a battle, three relatives of Salar were killed. The tombs of some associates of Syed Mohammad Dost (Nana Barah Hazari), Rukn Alam Shaheed, Roshan Shaheed and Bhakan Shaheed in and around the town of Tijara are now places of pilgrimage[3]. Another tomb of the cousin of Saiyad Ibrahim Mashhadi (Barah Hazari), Syed Hameeduddin can also been seen at Kot Qasim (20 km away from Tijara), who was going as injured after the battle of Tijara to Rewari[4]. A sanad of Akbar's time speaks of "Tijara Shahbad" as though they were the principal towns of a district[5]. Also in the Ain i Akbari of Mughal King Akbar we have mention of the Khanzadas and a Thathar Rajput tribe living in Tijara where they occupied a brick fort along with 405,108 biggas of land of which the annual revenue was rs 11,906,847. The tribe had 400 cavalry and 2000 infantry soldiers at its disposal[6]. History bears the testimony of the fact that Dehra -Tijara was a well developed region. The discovery of the image of Shri 1008 Bhagwan Chandraprabhu in 1956 has a remarkable history[7]. Q zi M hmood ibn Hkim-e Shariah Shareef Qazi-e Aazam ibn Qazi Ziauddin (died 1005 AH / 1596 AD) of Pinangwan was 'Qazi Qaza' (authority to appoint Qazi) after his father Qazi-e Aazam. His brother Mohammad Hashim and his son Abdul Hafeez had also received many Farman like Qazi Mahmood. Qazi Ibrahim ibn Qazi Mahmood was also 'Qazi Qaza' at Tijara. Shahjahan awarded him Farman first on 22 Dhu al-Hijjah 1054 AH (Juloos 18) and second on 19 Ramadan 1055 AH. Some parts of his ruined haveli is still seen at Tijara. He died on 5 Moharram 1074 AH / 1665 AD. Qazi Abdul Baqi son of Qazi Ibrahim had also close relations with the Durbar of Aurangzeb and had given him charge of appointing 'Qazi' at Tijara. He also built various orchards and Havelis like Haveli Kalan, Deewan Khana, Kothi Bagh,etc at Tijara. He had business of horses from Arabian breed. The main gates at the Qazi Mohallah were built by him. In the archive of Tahsil Tijara, dated 1070 AH shows the M fi B gh in the name of Qazi Abdul Baqi[8]. The city was largerly inhabited by Ahirs since ancient times. Khanzadas Community in large number also lived in this town before partition in 1947. Syed families were mostly inhabited at Qazi Mohalla. Hakim Syed Karam Husain (1870 1953)[9][10], popularly known as Rais-e Tijara (Title used for affluent persons in a particular region), was a famous Unani Physician before partition, also a resident of Qazi Mohalla. He established Dawakhana Shifaul Amraz (a registered Unani pharmaceutics) in 1894, which grew to the extent that the Department of Indian Postal Service had to establish a separate post office for postal distribution of parcels (VPP) at the premises of Dawakhana itself. This exclusive postal service also worked as an additional post office at Tahsil Tijara[11][12]. In 1956 , the excavation work was taken up for widening of the roads. While digging, a small "Talghar" was found. Late Smt. Saraswati devi w/o Late Biharilal jain discovered an idol on Shravan Shukla Dashmi (16:08:1956). This image bears the date "vaishakh shukla 3,1554 vikram samvat". Later on with the grace of Acharya Shri VimalSagar Ji maharaj, one black idol of Bhagwan chandraprabh was discovered on 29:3:1972. Historical figures * Rukn Alam Shaheed (died 1030AD / 421AH) * Hazrat Shah Ghazi Gadan Shah Walayat (died 1600AD / 1009AH) * Hazrat Miranji * Hazrat Shahjeevan Abul Alai (died 1753AD / 1167AH) * Hazrat Shah Balam * Hazrat Mirza Ahmad Shah (died 1806AD / 1221AH) * Khalifa Shah Hamzah Marahrawi (1718-1783) * Shah Abul Ghais (died 1825AD / 1241AH) * Qazi Hisamuddin (Mir-e Mohallah Qazi Wada) Important places Tijara fort Tijara is of particular relevance to the Jain community. A new addition to an ancient temple is underway. Beside above you can also visit at ruins of Tijara old fort. Fort is still in good condition. It is very adventorus to visit here and see sunset over green farm land across aravali hills. Localites know these fort by name of 'Suraj Mukee ka Kila". There is one artificial water-dam in between two hills. Nearby towns * Ferozepur Jhirka * Pinangwan * Mohina * Jhumrawat - 20 km * Nuh * Palwal * Sakras * Jhajjar * Kot Qasim (20 km away from Tijara)

Chronicle or places of memoir 'Tijara House', a beautiful building built in 1955, at Aligarh carries the name of Tijara, and now owns the office of Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences, founded by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman. See also * Qazi Mir Imdad Ali * Hakim Syed Fazlur Rahman * General Fateh Naseeb Jhunjhunu district Jhunjhunu district or Jhunjhunun district is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India.It was named in the memory of a Jat named Jhunjha or Jujhar Singh Nehra .[1] The town of Jhunjhunu is the district headquarters. It is a part of Shekhawati Region.It was ruled by the Kaimkhani Nawabs till 1730.Rohilla Khan was the last Nawab of Jhunjhunu. The Nawabs ruled over Jhunjhunu for 280 years. Rohilla Khan had imposed great faith in Shardul Singh and he acted as his Diwan. Shardul Singh was a very courageous, bold, brave and efficient administrator. He occupied jhunjhunu, after the death of Rohilla Khan in 1730. Shardul Singh was as brave as his ancestor Rao Shekha ji was, It was by dint of his Subtle political Demeanour that he occupied (usurped) Jhunjhunu & ruled over it for twelve years. After his death the estate was divided equally among his five sons & they continued to rule over it till india achieved freedom shardul singh was a man of religious bent of mind, as he built many temples such as kalyan Ji Mandir & Gopinath Ji Ka mandir at Jhunjhunu. To commemorate the sweet memory of his father, his sons made a monumental dome at Parasrampura. Its fresco painting is worth seeing. The district has a population of 1,913,099 (2001 census), an area of 5928 km, and a population density of 323 persons per km. The district falls within Shekhawati region, and is bounded on the northeast and east by Haryana state, on the southeast, south, and southwest by Sikar District, and on the northwest and north by Churu District. It is famous for providing considerable representation to Indian defence forces. The Pasari and The Birla family, two families of prominent Indian industrialists, hail from the district. Birla Institute of Science and Technology, one of the prestigious engineering institute, is situated at Pilani. Pilani is a town in Jhunjhunu District. Many tourist come to Jhunjhunu to visit Rani Sati Temple and Old Havelis. In Khetri town, copper mines are situated. Villages * Maligaon * Loyal * Pipal Ka Bas * Khanpur village near Singhana * Basawa * Maharana * Chirana * Sotwara * Khetri * Bhaisawata Kalan * Bhimsar * Chirawa * Jherli * Ked * BAMLASH * Kudana * Bharonda Kalan * Pipal Ka Bas * Raipur Jattan * Bhaloth * Buhana * (Kuharwas) * Badangarh * Kumawas * Barau * Rasulpur * Nangli Saledi Singh * Bugala * Mahapalwas * Chanana * Mandasi * Dhamora * Bhorki * Singnor * Jakhal * Gudha Gor ji * Raghunathpura * Udaipurwati * Titanwar * Jejusar * Ajari * Chhau * Sangashi * Dhigal * Udawas * Narshingpura * Indali

* Dorasar * Badagaon * Bajawa * Tamkor * Taen * Sithal * Mahla ki Dhani * Bhimsar * Dhani Badhan * Kisari * lalpur * Bangothari Kalan * Mukandgarh * khariya * Pachari * Bangothri Kalan village near pilani * Nari village near chirawa * Dhaka Mandi * Bhojnagar * Malsisar * Bagar * Alsisar * Keharpura Kalan * Dhaka ki Dhani (Navalgarh) * Khaliphari * Jaiphari * Chihroli * Islampur * Sultana * Makher * Kishorpura * Ratan Share * Bhalot * Ghardana * Kithana * Ardawata * Surajgarh * Buhana * Singhana * Chanana * Matana * Math * Pratapura * Sari * Kalod * Nua * Tetara * Ojatoo * kakrai,mandra,shimala,dudva,rojda,rnva Jhunjhunu Jhunjhunu jat leading caste(Hindi: ) is a town in the state of Rajasthan in India, and the administrative headquarters of Jhunjhunu District. It is located a 180 km from Jaipur and 245 km from Delhi. The town is famous for the frescos on its grand Havelis, a special artistic feature of this region. Contents:- Etymology/ History/ Forts and Palaces/ Geography/ Demographics Etymology Jhunjhunu is an old and historical town, having it own district headquarter, no authentic proof as yet, when this city was founded and by whom. It is said that is was ruled by jat's and Chauhans. In the year 1450 Mohammed Khan & his son Samas khan defeated the Chauhans and conquered Jhunjhunu. Mohammed khan was first Nawab of Jhunjhunu. Then his son Samas khan ascended the throne in the year. 1459. Samas khan founded the village Samaspur and got Samas Talab constructed. Rohilla Khan was the last Nawab of Jhunjhunu. The Nawabs ruled over Jhunjhunu for 280 years. Statue of Jujhar Singh Nehra, founder of Jhunjhunu town in Rajasthan gudha gorji -ajit jakhar History Unbalanced scales.svg The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (September 2008) Jhunjhunu got its name after Jujhar Singh Nehra (16641730) or Jhunjha, a Jat chieftain from Rajasthan. Jujhar Singh Nehra (Hindi: ) (1664 1730) or Jhunjha was a Jat chieftain of Rajasthan in India who gave name to the Jhunjhunu town situated in Rajasthan. He was born in a Hindu Jat family of Nehra gotra in samvat 1721 (1664 AD). His father was a faujdar of Nawabs. Jujhar Singh when became young was made the general of the army of Nawabs he was very brave,very courageous and bold . He had a dream to establish Jat rule in India. He was planning to have a joint rebellion against the Muslim rule in India. He had heard the stories of rebellion by Jats of Bharatpur such as Gokula and Raja Ram. In that time a Rajput Shardul Singh, who was an employee of the Nawabs had inspire Jhujhar singh

and he was decide to fight. The Jats through Jujhar Singh agreed upon a proposal to fight against Muslim rulers and if the Nawab were defeated Jujhar Singh would be appointed the Chieftain. Jujhar Singh one day found the right opportunity and attacked Nawabs at Jhunjhunu and Narhar. He defeated the army of Nawab Sadulla Khan on Saturday, aghan sudi 8 samvat 1787 (1730 AD). Satrahso Satashiye,Agahan Mass Udaar, Sadu linhe jhunjhunu,Sudi Athen Sanivaar. According to the book R nkesh ri Jujh r Singh, written by Kunw r P nne Singh, Ju jhar Singh was appointed as Chieftain after holding a d rb r. After the til k ceremony of ppointment s s rd r or chieft in, the R jputs could not digest it nd they che t's and killed Jujhar Singh Ji in 1730 AD at a lonely place. Jujhar Singh thus became a martyr for his community. The town Jhunjhunu in Rajasthan was named so after the memory of Jujhar Singh or Jhunjha. Thakur Shardul Singh Shekhawat who later went on to be known as Maharao Shardul Singh was conquered Jhunjhunu in 1730 after killing Jhujhar singh Ji. This is clear from the following poetry, made by the Charan of Shekhawats in the Rajasthani language Satrahso Satashiye, Agahan Mass Udaar, Sadu linhe jhunjhunu, Sudi Athen Sanivaar. Another poem in Rajasthani language on Shardul Singh Sade, linho Jhunjhunu, Lino amar patai, Bete pote padaute pidhi sat latai. The above poetry was composed by the Charan of Shekhawats after Jhunjhunu was conquered by Shardul Singh. The translation is that Shardul Singh has taken Jhunjhunu on a lifelong lease. Now the succeeding seven generations would be benefited. Shardul Singh had three marriages. He married firstly, in 1698, Thukrani Sahaj Kanwar Biki Ji Sahiba, daughter of Manroop Singh Bika of Nathasar; married secondly, Thukrani Sirey Kanwar Biki Ji Sahiba, daughter of Mukal Singh Bika of Nathasar; and married thirdly Thukrani Bakhat Kanwar Mertani Ji Sahiba, daughter of Devi Singh Mertiya of Poonglota (Marwar), near Degana, and had issue. He died 17 April 1742. He had six sons, namely, * Thakur Jorawar singh, (by the first wife), born at Kant, married and had issue. He died 1745. He built Jorawargarh fort, and was the ancestor of the families of Taen, Malsisar, Gangiyasar, Mandrella etc. * Thakur Kishan singh, (by the third wife), born 1709, the ancestor of the families of Khetri, Arooka, Seegra, Alsisar etc. * Kunwar Bahadur Singh, (by the third wife), born 1712, died 1732. * Thakur Akhay singh, (by the third wife), born 1713, built Akhegarh Fort. Died without issue in 1750. * Thakur Nawal singh Bahadur (by 3rd wife), born 1715, ancestor of the families of Nawalgarh, Mahensar, Dorasar, Mukundgarh, Narsinghani and Mandawa. He died 24 February 1780. * Thakur Keshri singh, (by 3rd wife), born 1728, ancestor of the families of Dundlod, Surajgarh and Bissau, fifth and youngest son, died 1768. Unfortunately, his son Bahadur Singh expired at an early age. As a result his estate was divided into five equal shares. The administration by his five sons was cumulatively known as Panchpana. After his death the estate was divided equally among his five sons. Shardul Singh was a man of a religious bent of mind, as he built many temples, such as Kalyan Ji Mandir and Gopinath Ji Ka Mandir at Jhunjhunu. To commemorate the sweet memory of his father, his sons made a monumental dome at Parasrampura. Its fresco painting is worth seeing. All the five sons of Shardul Singh Ji were very brave, capable and efficient rulers. They raised many new thikanas, towns, forts and palaces; they encouraged the baniyas (merchants) in trade. As a result they grew rich and made many Havelies. Currently the famous Rani Sati Dadi Mandir is a main tourist attraction apart from its religious significance. It receives more than 1 lac footfalls a day. Due to this temple the city has earned an importance in serving the tourist and "yatris". The term "mela" is used to represent the "Bhadi Mawas" day, a day of religious importance at this temple. People from all over the India gather in this mandir to offer prayer on this day. ( ' . , , ( ) , ' . . . .

. .) It is a false story. Forts and Palaces * Badalgarh Fort , used as a Risala and was built by the Kayamkhani Nawabs. * Jorawargarh Fort, built by Thakur Jorawar Singh son of Thakur Shardul Singh Shekhawat. * Akhegarh Fort, built by Thakur Akhe Singh son of Thakur Shardul Singh Shekhawat. * Khetri Mahal, built by Pravez Khan Kayamkhani prince of Jhunjhunu. Geography Jhunjhunu is loc ted t 2808N 7524E / 28.13N 75.4E / 28.13; 75.4[1]. It has an average elevation of 323 metres (1059 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Jhunjhunu had a population of 100,476. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jhunjhunu has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 50%. In Jhunjhunu, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Baggar aggar is a town in the Jhunjhunu District of Rajasthan, state in India. It lies in the Shekhawati region. It is known for the Piramal Haveli with fresco paintings. This haveli is also used as a hotel. Bagar is also known as educational centre of rajasthan,there are so many good schools and colleges.Piramal girls school is very popular boarding school of this town. B.L.sec.sr.school , Shivonker Maheshwari Technical Institute & Krishna Devi Maheshwari Pharmacy College , Seth GDSB Patwari College & Sanskrit College are very popular schools & colleges in Bagar. this small town has produce many top industrialist i.e. Piramals, Maheshwaris,Roongtas etc. It is also known for its "sati temple". Bagar is peaceful and pollution free town,ideal time for visit is nov/dec. Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Baggar had a population of 14,648. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Baggar has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 64% of the males and 36% of females literate. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. See also * Bagar Bagar Bagar (Hindi: ) is a town in Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan, state, India. Contents:- Havelis/ Education hub/ Projects/ Geography Havelis Piramal Haveli, Bagar, Rajasthan Bagar also has many beautiful havelis with frescos on the walls that belong to Marwari families, many of these families have moved on to bigger cities in India like Calcutta and Bombay. The most famous family to hail from Bagar are the Piramals & Maheshwaris. The Piramal Haveli that is run by Neemrana Hotels is also in Bagar.Now days Mr. Rajendra Kanoria is the chairman of NAGARPALIKA BAGAR.[1] Education hub The village of Bagar is in the Jhunjunu district of Rajasthan and has a population of approximately 10,000. The Jhunjhunu region is famous for being the ancestral home of many well known Marwari business families, including the Piramals, Lakshmi Mittal, and the Birla family todi family lineages. Many of these families have invested heavily in schooling in the region. As such, Bagar, strategically placed between Jhunjhunu city and Chidawa city, is known as a learning hub. It currently houses 32 educational institutions for both local citizens as well as residential students from neighboring towns and cities. However, the proliferation of schools does not always equate to top quality learning; there is great potential for improvement in the standards and content of education in Bagar. The growing willingness by villagers to pay for private education has led to the opportunistic creation of many new schools in recent years. The town is also viewed as transitory: the population fluctuates with the school year Projects Source for Change (SFC) Source For Change is an all-women rural Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) company based in Bagar, Rajasthan empowering women with employment opportunities and providing quality dedication and best practices to the BPO industry. Source For Change aims to present rural women a platform to be financially independent and to achieve greater social standing. SFC was initially called Skarv. It was called such because names of 7 of the first 10 sari-clad recruits started with an "S".[2] Grassroots Development Laboratory (GDL) In partnership with Indicorps, the Piramal Foundation has established a Grassroots Development Laboratory (GDL) in Bagar, Rajasthan. This initiative takes an experiment-driven approach by applying best practices in development and innovative ideas to a geographically focused area. The GDL aims to address broad development challenges by implementing nationally calable projects in the local Bagar community. The Grassroots Development Lab focuses on implementation of top-quality, small-scale interventions by highly committed young people.[3] Sarvajal Sarvajal means W ter For All. It is soci l enterprise th t develops sust in ble drinking w ter solutions for rur l nd urb n popul tions where the quality of water is often the cause of more than 60% of common health ailments. Their business is designed around scalable innovations, technical/process improvements, ensuring livelihoods for local entrepreneurs, and developing customized community water filtration systems that can produce ultra-affordable drinking water for the masses. Their commitment is to make purified drinking water accessible and affordable to all. Sarvajal is incorporated as Piramal Water Private Limited.[4] Geography B g r is loc ted t 2811N 7530E / 28.18N 75.50E / 28.18; 75.50.[5] It has an average elevation of 315 m (1,033 ft). See also Hallway of Piramal Haveli heritage hotel, Bagar * Baggar * Sati Tample * SMTI collage * Seth GDSB Patwari Collage * Piramal water * Gita Piramal Bissau Bissau (Hindi: ) is a city and a municipality in Jhunjhunun district in the state of Rajasthan, India. Contents:- Origin/ History/Geography/ Demographics Origin Its original name was 'Vishala Jat Ki Dhani'. Keshari Singh son of Shardul Singh of Sikar Thikana got this village in Jagir. Keshari Singh constructed a palace here and the boundary wall for defence and named this habitation as Bissau in samvat 1812 (1755 AD). [1] History Is another small town of fluctuating fortunes in Sekhawati, Rajasthan. Keshri Singh founded the town. It fell into anarchy when his grandson Shyam Singh extorted huge sums of money from the local merchants. The merchants packed up and fled the town and the local Thakurs indulged in looting and theft. However, after the death of Shyam Singh, his heir restored normalcy and the merchants were encouraged to return. Geography Biss u is loc ted t 2815N 7505E / 28.25N 75.08E / 28.25; 75.08.[2] It has an average elevation of 292 metres (958 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[3] Bissau had a population of 21,133. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Bissau has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 70% and female literacy of 50%. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. this time bissau(2009) population 45000 Chirawa Chirawa is a town in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India. It is part of Shekhawati region. It is known for fresco painted havelis. Chirawa is one of the oldest town of Shekhawati and was a hub for this region since it was junction for Jhunjhunu, Khetri, Sultana, Mandrela, Pilani, Loharu, Surajgarh. It has lots of old havelis like dalmias, sakserias, somanis, suraj mal shiv prashad's, Dasrapuria ki Haveli and shrimalon ka mahal, Pasari's and many more though they are not maintained that well now. There is a Jain temple is situated in shrimalon ka mohalla it was about 150 year old. Educational institutes were also a big attraction of Chirawa. It has one of the oldest college Chirawa College and school

Dalmia School of the region and Dalmia Girls School which is also one of the oldest girls school in Rajasthan. However now Chirawa has taken back seat with Jhunjhunu being district and Pilani having Birlas blessing. Khetri taking over being copper town. Still Chirawa is holding fort because of its locational advantage which connect many surrounding villages. Chirawa is now known for its market, being place of Pandit Ganeshnarayan's (Handi wale baba) - called to chirawa as 'SHIVPURI' and he is the saint who blessed Birla's. Chirawa is still a regional hub for the majoriy of the economic,commercial and political activities as it is connected with rail, road lines.Chirawa is also very famous for its kind of sweets and namkeens Like PEDA. the 'LalChand' & 'Kasu Halwai's Peda has delicious taste. Interestingly, the quality and variety of sweets prepared in Chirawa can only be matched by the sweets prepared in Bengal. Chirawa may be one of the best places for sweets in the entire country. Apart from this, it has annual Gugoji Maharaj's mela and at that time people from all over the Shekhawati region visit Chirawa. IFS Shri Murari Lal Arrawatia IPS Shri Shashi Kant Pujari IAS Shri Kaushal Raj Sharma Chirawa is also having the distinction of being the birth place of the famous wrestling coach Shri Guru Hanuman and also the Dalmias who were one of the top five industrial families in India, and also Pandit Makku Ram Arrawatia (Famous Personility), pandit Ramjiwan Sharma,Poet Shri Banwarilal Mishar "Sumanji" pandit.shri shiv kumar ji dayma"shivji" (dadheech)let.master mahaveer prasaad dayma, prasaaand Pandit Beni Prasad Joshi (Jyotish Samart), a well known jyotishi, who was famous for his accurate predication. In general, people from Chirawa and the surrounding villages are very aggressive. The first well known politician and the first man with post graduation qualification from Chirawa was Shri Hajari Lal Arrawatia, who is popularly known as Master Hajari Lal or Masterji as he was a professor of economics in Chirawa college before Dr Rajendra Prasad, the first president of India, motivated him to join politics. It was in his political time that great personalities like Lal Bahadur Shashtri and Indira Gandhi visited Chirawa.The property market in Chirawa is hot and provides a good investment opportunity. It is well connected with Pilani the education hub of Rajasthan. Chirawa is famous for Saag roti, gajar paak, peda(lal chand ke Peday on staion road) with namkeen daal. To build on the legacy of the Shekhawati region and historical roots of Chirawa region, a new AICTE approved Engineering and Management Institution has just been launched. The institute known as Keystone Institute of Technology and Management is run by Keystone Group of Institutions, New Delhi. The Group was founded in July 2005 by a group of NRIs who decided to return to India after spending up to fourteen years in USA. The management team received their undergraduate as well as post graduate education in USA and have leadership & managerial experience in Fortune 50 companies like American Express, JP Morgan, Interpublic Group and HAVAS Group. The institute offers B.Tech and MBA Programe Deepak sharma (Ideal Village Badangarh)Chirawa Geography Chir w is loc ted t 2815N 7538E / 28.25N 75.63E / 28.25; 75.63.[1] It has an average elevation of 294 metres (964 feet). IT World computer centre have 45 computer it had start at 2006 at preasent 2008 the have 500+ student in centre Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Chirawa had a population of 37,210. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Chirawa has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 75% and female literacy of 56%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. www.chirawaonline.com a complite people of chirawa a web. of chirawa "We love Chirawa" Gothra Gothra is a census town in Jhunjhunu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Gothr is loc ted t 2550N 7536E / 25.83N 75.6E / 25.83; 75.6.[1] It has an average elevation of 328 metres (1076 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Gothra had a population of 21,819. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Gothra has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 67%. In Gothra, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Khetri Khetri Nagar is a town in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India. It is part of Shekhawati region. Khetri is actually two towns, the first "Khetri Town" was founded by Raja Khet Singhji Nirwan. The other is the town of "Khetri Nagar", which is about 10 km away from Khetri. It is known for its Copper Project. The township of Khetri Nagar is built and is under control of the Hindustan Copper Limited, a public sector unit under Government of India. The nearest railway station is Chirawa at a distance of 30 km. Khetri is at a distance of 190 km from Delhi and 180 km from Jaipur. Frequent buses are available from Jaipur to reach Khetri. From Delhi, one has to take a bus to Singhana, and catch a cab from there. Contents:- History/ Travel/1 Khetri Fort/ Ramakrishna Mission Center/ Ajit Sagar/ Gopinath ji temple/ Pannasar Talab/ Temples/ Geography/ Demographics/ Hindustan Copper Limited History Khetri was the second largest Thikana in Jaipur State. It was the thikana of Nirwan sub-clan of (Chauhan) subsub-clan Rajput Hindu King at the time of Rajputana. The rulers of Khetri belonged to Shekhawat sub-clan (Bhojraj Ji Ka subsub-clan) of Kachawa dynasty of Jaipur. The king of Khetri Maharaja Ajit Singh of Khetri gave name of Swami Vivekananda, to Narendra. The saffron turban and clothes was given to swamiji by Raja Ajit Singh. King also helped Swamiji financially for going to Chicago Dharma Samellan, from where swamiji got publicity worldwide. Khetri nagar has a multicultural ambience due to people from all states coming in and working in the copper project. Singhana is the bus terminal which links all the nearby places. Khetri also has a centre of Ramakrishna Mission, and this centre is active in philanthropic activities in this town and near by villages for long time[1]. Travel The places of interest include: Khetri Fort The fort of khetri was built by king of Khetri Raja Shri Ajit Singh Shekhawat Ji Saheb Bahadur and is an easy trek of 4 km from the base. The splendid view from the fort is a breathtaking experience and also includes a marvellous but small marble temple. The spiral shaped open-cast copper mine called Chandmari is a treat to eyes, when viewed from the hilltop along the boundaries of the fort. This mine has been shut down and is abandoned. There is one temple on the top which is locked for visitors. Ramakrishna Mission Center It is situated on the part of once acclaimed palaces for the queen. Swami Vivekananda had stayed there during his visits to Khetri. (Source http://rkmissionkhetri.org). Ajit Sagar

Its a artificial large lake on the outskirt of Khetri made by Raja Ajit Singh. Wild boars, barahsinghas(Rucervus duvaucelii) and migratory birds can be seen here. The town of Khetri is also famous for its delicious pickles. A worthy place to visit by one who wants to wander the places still left undiscovered. Gopinath ji temple The temple of Gopinathji is a unique example of shekhwati paintings. A person who wants to see the painting art of shekhawati should visit Gopinathji temple also. Pannasar Talab One Artificial Talab is also in Khetri named Pannasar Talab. This is also a big monument made by human being in Rajasthan. all the water collected from hills comes into the pond. there are three storage tank also in case of overflow in rainy season. Sthapatya kala is also there in the form of small statues made on the boundaries.by sunil jangir Temples There are many temples which are very beautifully made, which can be visited. 1. Varahi Devi, 2.Hanuman Ghadi, 3.Sidhhi Vinayak 4.ganga mataji ka Mandir, 5.Bihari ji ka mandir, 6.Temple of RaniSati(On Fort) 7.Jhojhu Aashram 8.Bhatiyani Ji ka mandir 9.bada mandir 10.Gopi Natha jI ka Mandir Geography Khetri is loc ted t 2759N 7548E / 27.98N 75.8E / 27.98; 75.8.[2] It has an average elevation of 484 metres (1587 feet). The name of the mountain in khetri is Bhopalgarh. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[3] Khetri had a population of 17,377. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Khetri has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 56%. In Khetri, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hindustan Copper Limited The Khetri Copper Complex of Hindustan Copper Limited is situated at 10 km from here. It is the largest Copper mines in India with concetrator & refinery and produces copper. It also has by-products i.e. Sulphuric Acid, Fertilizer etc. Mandawa Mandawa is a town in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India. It is part of Shekhawati region. Mandawa is situated 190 km off Jaipur in the north. The town lies between l titude 28.06 in the north nd longitude 75.20 in the e st. M nd w is known for its fort nd h velis. The fort town of Mandawa is well connected with the other places in region through a good network of roads. Contents:- History/ Geography/ Demographics/ Mandawa fort/ Havelis History The City of Mandawa[1] was made a thikana in the mid of 18th century by the Bhojraj Ji Kasubsub clan of Shekhawat Rajputs. About the origin of this town there have been earlier references to Mandu Jat as founder of the Mandawa village. He first established a dhani (hamlet) and dug a well here, which was completed on savan badi 5 samvat 1797 (1740 AD) (source Shekhawati Bodh, Mandawa special issue, July 2005). Initi lly this pl ce w s known s M ndu ki dh ni, M ndu k b s or M nduw s which ch nged to M nduw , M ndw nd fin lly M nd w . Water well near Mandawa A remote feudal principality in the centre of the Shekhawati region, Mandawa was a trading outpost for the ancient caravan routes that stopped here from China and the Middle East. Thakur Nawal Singh, the Rajput ruler of Nawalgarh and Mandawa, built a fort in 1755 to protect this outpost. The township that grew around the fort soon attracted a large community of traders, who settled here. Geography Mandawa is located at 2803 N 7509E / 28.05N 75.15E / 28.05; 75.15[2]. It has an average elevation of 316 metres (1036 ft). in the north side it has four village named bazisar kamalsar kuharu and godu ka bas and east side three village named tetara(chandrpura), syopura and hanumanpura (dular ka bas), south sides village name are mithwas, dinwa ladhkhani and west side are Khalasi, sadinsar, tihawali and dabari Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[3], Mandawa had a population of 20,717. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Mandawa has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 45%. In Mandawa, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Interior of the Mandawa Fort Mandawa fort The fort of Mandawa was founded in the 18th century. Thakur Nawal Singh, son of Shardul Singh, founded the fort in vikram samvat 1812 (1755 AD). The fort dominates the town with a painted arched gateway adorned with Lord Krishna and his cows. Built as per a medieval theme, the castle of Mandawa is adorned with beautiful frescoes.Rooms in the palace are decorated with paintings of Lord Krishna, exquisite carvings and amazing mirror work. The palace's Durbar Hall houses a number of antiques and paintings. Situated in the middle of the town, the Mandawa Fort has been converted into a heritage hotel. Havelis This town has been referred to as the "open art gallery" of Rajasthan because the entire Shekhawati region and not just Mandawa is dotted with fascinating mansions(havelis) that have lavishly painted walls. * Hanuman Prasad Goenka Haveli This haveli has a painting depicting Indra Dev on an elephant and Lord Shiva on his Nandi bull. * Goenka Double Haveli This haveli, with two gates, has a monumental faade of elephants and horses. The outer walls, jutting balconies, alcoves and overhanging upper storeys are replete with patterns and paintings, ranging from traditional Rajasthani women and religious motifs to Europeans wearing stylish hats and other Victorian finery. * Murmuria Haveli The paintings of trains, cars, George V, and Venice were executed on the walls of this haveli during the 1930s by Balu Ram, one of the last working artists of the region. In pictures - like Lord Krishna with his cows in the English courtyard and a young Nehru on a horseback, holding the national flag - this haveli uses a unique theme blending the East with the West. The haveli also features a long frieze depicting a train with a crow flying above the engine and much activity at the railway crossing. * Jhunjhunwala Haveli The haveli features a striking gold leaf painted room located to the right of main courtyard. * Mohan Lal Saraf Haveli A picture of a Maharaja stroking his moustaches beautifies this haveli. * Gulab Rai Ladia Haveli

This haveli is located in the south of town, where the decoration of the outer and inner walls is perhaps the finest in Shekhawati. Blue washes here and there betray twentieth-century censorship of the erotic scenes that had been commonly acceptable one hundred years earlier. The Binsidhar Newatia Haveli, Lakshminarayan Ladia Haveli and Chokhani Double Haveli are some of the other painted havelis in the area. Murals in the Thakurji temple, located opposite the Goenka Double Haveli and the Murmuria Haveli, include soldiers being shot from the mouths of cannons, a reflection of the horrors of the Mutiny of 1857. Further west are a couple of chhatris, and a step-well, still used today and bearing paintings inside its decorative corner domes. Mukundgarh Mukundgarh (Hindi ) is a city and a municipality in Jhunjhunu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.It is part of Shekhawati region. It lies a few km from Nawalgarh. Contents:-History/Demographics/See also History Its original name was 'Shahabsar'. Mukundgarh founded by Thakur Mukund Singh Saheb with the help of Seth Sevek Ram Ghuwalewala. The Kanodias also played an important role for it. It was the Thikana of Bhojrajji Ka Shekhawats. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Mukundgarh had a population of 17,790. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Mukundgarh has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 43%. In Mukundgarh, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. See also * Shekhawati Nawalgarh Nawalgarh (Hindi: ) is a town in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan state, India. It is part of the Shekhawati region. It is midway between Jhunjhunu and Sikar. It is 30 km from Sikar and 39 km from Jhunjhunu. Nawalgarh is located at 2751' North, 7518' East. Nawalgarh is famous for grand havelis with frescos, which is a specialty of the Shekhawati region. It has some of the best-preserved havelis and finest frescoes in Shekhawati. Contents:-History/Geography/Forts, Palace and Temples/Education/Transportation/Demographics History Thakur Nawal Singh Ji Bahadur (Shekhawat) founded Nawalgarh in 1737 AD at the village site of Rohili. Before abolition of Jagirs in Rajasthan Nawalgarh was a tazimi thikana of Bhojraj Ji Ka sept of Shekhawat in Shekhawati. Nawalgarh was encircled all around by the high Parkota (walls) comprising of four Pols (gates) in different directions, namely Agoona Darwaja, Bawadi Darwaja (in north), Mandi Darwaja and Nansa Darwaja. Each gate has iron doors. Bala Kila Fort is situated in the center of the Thikana, and Fatehgarh Fort is situated outside the Parkota as an Outpost. The market place of the town and layout of the havelis indicate that the original city was well-planned before construction. Nawalgarh was considered to be the most modern towns of Shekhawati. The Rulers of Nawalgarh belong to the Shekhawat sub-clan (Bhojraj Ji Ka September) of Kachwaha Dynasty of Jaipur Princely State. This city is also known for its business families. Now also many families from Nawalgarh are in business. Many years ago, Mr. Govind Ram Seksariya was a great businessman. He was in the cotton textile business. Mr. Narendra Jangid and his younger brother Mr. Pankaj Jangid, who belong to Mirjwas village (Sikar), established themselves in business with lots of effort and now own many businesses, running B.R.Medical store (2008), A.R Aircel Distribution point of Nawalgarh Tahsil (2010), and B.R. workshop of interior designing (2007) and many other businesses. They got the inspiration from their grandfather, named Baju Ram. In his honor, all these business names include his initials, B.R. Narendra and Pankaj Jangid started their business under the supervision of their father, and built them up to be a business hub in Nawalgarh Tehsil. Geography N w lg rh is loc ted t 2751N 7516E / 27.85N 75.27E / 27.85; 75.27[1]. It has an average elevation of 379 metres (1243 feet). very popular person in Nawalgarh wo h Dhola Family (Mr.Babulal & His 4 Son) Forts, Palace and Temples This temple built by Shekhawat ruler of Nawalgarh * Bala Kila Fort-built by Thakur Nawal Singh in Nawalgarh. * Fatehgarh Fort-built by Thakur Nawal Singh and his descendants in Nawalgarh. * Roop Niwas Kothi(Palace)-- built by Thakur Roop Singh Ji and Rawal Madan Singh Ji in Nawalgarh. * Lakshmi Narayan Mandir built by Thakur Udai Singh in 1869 V.S. in Nawalgarh. * Shri Gopinath Ji Mandir- built by Thakur Nawal Singh in Nawalgarh. Temple Education Nawalgarh Poddar College Shekhawati region is known for education in Rajasthan. Sikar and Jhunjhunu are education hubs in the region. Pilani, Laxmangarh, and to a small extent, Nawalgarh are important education centers. Seth GB Poddar College (commonly known as Poddar College)and Shri Nawalgarh (P.G.) Mahila Mahavidyalaya(Commonly known as SN Girls College) are the most important educational institutions in Nawalgarh. There are science and Arts faculty in S N Girls college. This year S N Girls College started B.Ed. College also. Nawalgarh has some well known schools like Shri Nawalgarh senior secondary School, Shri Nawalgarh Primary School Prerana Senior Secondary School,shri seksaria saraswati girls Senior Secondary School, Holy Light Play School, Shekhawati Public School and Dundlod Public school CBSE (in Dundlod), New Indian Senior Secondary School, Kariwala Public School, Poddar Matushri Senior Secondary School, Gyanodya School, Gautam Balika Senior Secondary School (exclusively for girls), New Indian Senior Secondary School, Mother Terasa School, Sheksariya School (exclusively for girls). It also has New Indian Polytechnic College. Shekhawati Engineering College [2] is located in Dundlod, not very far from Nawalgarh. Transportation Nawalgarh is connected through Metre gauge railway line, it has its own railway station, which is situated in the western corner of it. Nawalgarh railway station is situated on the Jaipur-Loharu railway track. Nawalgarh has very well bus facility for major cities like Jaipur, Delhi, Ajmer, Kota, Bikaner, Jodhpur. All the buses operated from Sikar and Jhunjhunu depot passes through Nawalgarh as well as other depot buses also operated. Recently ministry of Railway has been surved Jaipur-Loharu railway track and it will be expected that this railway track soon be converted in Broad gauge[3]. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[4], Nawalgarh had a population of 56,482. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Nawalgarh has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 46%. In Nawalgarh, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. Pilani

Pilani is a town in the Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan, India. It is the home of the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, the CEERI (Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute), and several other schools. Each institution is located in its own campus and in addition there is the original Pilani town comprising the whole re now known s Pil ni.The countrys next ssembling centre for the prestigious Br hMos missiles will be R j sth ns Pil ni. The St te Government h s lre dy lloc ted 80 hect res of l nd ne r Pil ni town, better known for its Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS Pilani) for this purpose. Contents:-Geography/Demographics/Climate/Birth Place of GD Birla/Premier Seat of Learning/Accessibility Geography Pil ni is loc ted t 2822N 7536E / 28.37N 75.6E / 28.37; 75.6.[1] It has an average elevation of 279 metres (915 feet). Time Zone(est): UTC +5:30 Approximate population for 7 km radius from this point: 45366 pilani is a city . Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Pilani had a population of 26,219. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Pilani has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 57%. In Pilani, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Climate Pilani is known for its extreme climate. Summer temperatures reach up to 50 degree Celsius from May to July, while Winter temperatures reach sub-zero levels between December and January. Months of October and March are generally considered the most pleasant. Birth Place of GD Birla The town was birthplace of India's famous and influential industrialist, GD Birla . His ancestral residence is located in Pilani. The Birla Guest House and other important old structures are located here. One of the guest houses, called the "Vishram Vatika", which is now open for public, was earlier used by Birla's distinguished guests. Premier Seat of Learning One of India's finest technical schools, the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) is located in Pilani. BITS was formed in 1964, by merging the Birla Colleges of Arts, Commerce, Engineering, Pharmacy and Science into a single institution with Prof. V. Lakshminarayanan as its first Director. In this period of inception (especially during 1964 1970), BITS Pilani received support from the Ford Foundation and benefited from an alliance with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. BITS was one of the first institutions in India to introduce the Semester System. BITS continues its thrust in innovation in education system with the numerous academic flexibilities that it provides. BITS Pilani started to expand in India and abroad since 2000. New campuses were established in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (2000) and Goa (2004) and a fourth campus in Hyderabad (2008) at Jawaharnagar (near Hakimpet Air Force station). BITS also runs a virtual university and an extension center in Bangalore. Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani is one among the top ranking universities in India today offering degrees in Engineering, Management, Economics, Pharmacy, Sciences, Engineering Technology, Information Systems, General Studies, Finance, etc presently at Pilani, Dubai, Goa and Hyderabad campuses. BITS Pilani also offers an array of work integrated learning programmes for HRD of a vast spectrum of Indian corporates. BK Birla Institute of Engineering and Technology, BKBIET was formed in 2007 under the chairmanship of Syt. Basant Kumar Birla. BKBIET is under Shree Krishnarpan Charity Trust, founded by Padma Vibhushan Late Shri Ghanshyam Dasji Birla with Dr. S Radhakrishnan, Ms Maniben Patel and other great personae of that time as founder trustees. BKBIET, Pilani is committed to groom and nurture efficient technical professionals in the globalizing scenario setting milestones for eminence in engineering and technical education. The Institute has strong coll bor tions with eight of the worlds le ding universities (five in Fr nce nd one e ch in Switzerl nd, Portug l nd Th il and and we shall soon add more universities from Europe and the USA to this list). Over 20% students have undergone their internships from these prominent international universities. More than thirty students completed internship at our institute under Students Exchange Programme from French and Thailand universities. BKBIET Pilani offers undergraduate programmes in Computer Science and Engineering, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering and Information Technology. There are postgraduate programmes here too. The GD Birla Memorial Polytechnic Institute known as BTTI was established in 1988 in memory of Late Shri GD Birla. The institute was founded by Ghanshyam Das Birla in 1929 as an intermediate college. Pilani also boasts a few good boarding schools like Birla Public School (Vidya Niketan), Birla School, Pilani and Birla Balika Vidyapeeth. There are several other prominent English medium schools like [Haridevi Jhutharam Shishu Sadan],[CEERI Vidhya Mandir]and [Birla Sishu Vihar]which are serving the society from many decades. Hindi medium schools like Shaboo senior secondary school, Bal Niketan, Jankidevi Mendelia Senior secondary School, and Goenka Vidhya mandir have glorious past in education and are making Pilani a prominent education center. M.K. Saboo PG collage is also a boon for the citizens of Pilani and near by villages. From many decades this prestigious collage is boosting the talents in commerce and arts. Indermani Mandelia collage is one of the best colleges for girls in rajasthan for home science and subjects like computer science. To fill in demand of Engineering and MBA in this education hub of Shekhawati region, Keystone Group of Institutions was established in the recent past to offer Engineering (B.Tech) and Management (MBA) courses. The institutes are AICTE approved and affiliated with Rajasthan Technical University. Keystone Group offers engineering courses in Civil, Mechanical, Electronics & Communication, Computer Science and Information Technology. The Keystone Group of Institutions is promoted by a group of NRIs with vast technical and managerial expertise acquired through their education in top US colleges/universities and years of work experience in senior leadership roles and exposure in global corporate giants like American Express, Interpublic Group, JP Morgan Chase, Nokia Siemens. The promoters after spending up to 14+ years in United States of America decided to return to their motherland and contribute to INDIA RISING at the grass roots level with a mission to transform the experience in higher education! Accessibility Unlike other towns, Pilani is not accessible by rail, but it does have a computerised reservation counter, situated in the CEERI campus, at its entrance gate opposing BTTI (Birla Technical Training Institute). The nearest rail stations are Chirawa (16 km)served by Western Railway and lying on the Jaipur Loharu Metre Gauge section and Loharu(25 km)in Haryana which is served by both broad gauge and metre gauge sections. Jaipur is 220 km from Pilani and Delhi is 210 km and well connected by road. Surajgarh Surajgarh is a city and a municipality in Jhunjhunun district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. MLA - Sharwan Kumar Contents:-History/Geography/Demographics/Higher and Technical Education History it is an ancient town and famous for mandi Geography Sur jg rh is loc ted t 2819N 7544E / 28.32N 75.73E / 28.32; 75.73[1]. It has an average elevation of 280 metres (918 feet). For more information on Surajgarh please visit www.surajgarh.com Demographics

As of 2001[update] India census[2], Surajgarh had a population of 18,857. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Surajgarh has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 55%. In Surajgarh, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Higher and Technical Education Surajgarh, which literally translates into Castle of the Rising Sun, was selected as the location for establishing Keystone Group of Institutions by Shree Kalka Devi Education Trust, New Delhi. Keystone Group of Institutions is a world class fully integrated residential campus that has been established in this educational hub of the Shekhawati region to offer Engineering (B.Tech) and Management (MBA) courses. The Keystone Group of Institutions is promoted by a group of NRIs with vast technical and managerial expertise acquired through their education in top US colleges/universities and years of work experience in senior leadership roles and exposure in global corporate giants like American Express, Interpublic Group, JP Morgan Chase, Nokia Siemens. The promoters after spending up to 14+ years in United States of America decided to return to their motherland and contribute to INDIA RISING at the grass roots level with a mission to transform the experience in higher education! Udaipurwati Udaipurwati is a city in Shekhawati and a municipality in Jhunjhunun district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents:-History/Demographics/See also History Thakur Bhojraj (Shekhawat) was the ruler of Udaipurwati. He was a Good King and the ancestor of Bhojraj Ji Ka Shekhawats. The group of 45 villages of Udaipurwati was known as Pentalisa. The Shekhawat Thakurs of Pentalisa paid allegiance to their overlords, the Maharajas of Jaipur, which was collected from Udaipurwati. The famous villages of Pentalisa was Jhajhar, Khirod, Chirana, Gudhagorji etc. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Udaipurwati had a population of 27,831. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Udaipurwati has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 43%. In Udaipurwati, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. chhapoli is the beautiful village of udaipurwati ,kadam kund historical palace in this.udaipurwati ke banna's are very smart,powerfull and any side work. in tish liev rajput verey great person.udaipurwati's temple's are popular and historical palace. udaipurwati banna's name;ku.shivraj singh shekhawat(shivsa) ku.neresh singh shekhawat er.kuldeep singh shekhawat jaipal singh,jitendra singh,mangal singh,ghanshyam singh,ompalsingh,randheer singh,rahul singh,ku.bhanupartap singh, these are very smart,powerfull and strong banna. See also Chhatris (cenotaphs) in India the udaipurwati is municipal area in 25 wards. there are three partition in nichla dhar, uparla dhar and city. the municipality chairman is Sri Rameshwar Saini this time. Current MLA and Minister Rajasthan state: Mr.Rajendar Singh Gudha There are an co-operative society Udaipurwati kraya vikraya sahkari samiti ltd. since 1991. Few reputed family: 1. Baroodgar familly :Family business in Mumbai construction and engineering and headed by Mr Rafi and Mr Mohd Babu Baroodgar 2. Khairadi Family:Business in Mumbai 3.Badgujar Family:Mumbai construction and engineering and headed by Najruddin badgujar and Juma 3. Qureshie's:Jamil Qureshi (RAS -Raj Govt),Hazi Ramzan,Gulam hussian,Harun Ajmeri Qureshi, 4.Kazi's:Nisar,Firoj and Anwar Hazi,Rashid,Jakir,Ilyas Sikar district Sikar District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The town of Sikar is the district headquarters. Contents:-Location/Famous Places/Demographics/Sex Ratio and Literacy/Education/Subdivisions/Panchayat Committees of Sikar district/NREGA Location The district is located in the north-eastern part of the state of Rajasthan. It is bounded on the north by Jhunjhunu District, in the north-west by Churu district, in the south-west by Nagaur district and in the south-east by Jaipur district. It also touches Mahendragarh district of Haryana on its north-east corner. The district has an area of 7742 km, and a population of 2,287,788 (2001 census). It is bounded on the north by Jhunjhunu District, on the northeast by Haryana state, on the east and southeast by Jaipur District, on the southwest by Nagaur District, and on the west and northwest by Churu District. Sikar and Jhunjhunu districts comprise the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. The old name of Sikar was "Veer Bhan Ka Bas" (Information by O.P. Verma). Sikar District has road length 2918 km. Famous Places This district is popular as a pilgrimage place of Lord Shri Khatu Shyamji, known as an Avatar of Lord Shri Krishna. Every month before the full moon on Ekadhasi-Dwadasi Tithis a fair is organised. Devotees come from all over the country and other countries, such as Nepal and Bhutan. A big festival takes place every year in the Hindu month of Phagun (Feb - March) from full moon Navami to Dwadasi as near 20-25 lakhs of people come for having Dharshan of Shri KhatuShyamji.ganeshwar a village in neem-ka-thana thehsil, a famous palace 4 its hot water ,which comes through cow's mouth in both winter nd summer from past more than 100 year * The district has a hot summer, scanty rainfall, a chilly winter season and a general dryness of the air, except in the brief monsoon season. * The average maximum and minimum temperatures are 48 and 0 degrees Celsius, respectively. * The normal rainfall, mostly received from the south-west monsoon, is 466 mm. Demographics The demographic data are from the Government of Rajasthan website[1]: * Total population: 2,287,229 * Density of population: 296 persons per km * Literacy: 71.19% * Working population: 31.65% Sex Ratio and Literacy The sex ratio is 952 females per thousand males and the literacy percentage is 71.2%[citation needed]. Education Sikar, of late, has become a hub for education in Rajasthan. Along with numerous government colleges providing arts, sciences, and commerce education, private educational institutes have also opened up. These include: Mody Institute of Technology and Science (Deemed University) [2], Sobhasaria Engineering College [3],Bhartiya Institute of Engineering and Technology[BIET], Goenka Institute of Education [4], and Shekhawati Engineering College [5] In Technical education Sikar has Government Polytechnic College running with three branches EE,EL, ME.

Sikar had 299 higher secondary schools, 843 middle schools, and 1695 primary schools in 2003 Subdivisions There are 6 tehsils in the district. The tehsils are Sikar, Fatehpur, Laxmangarh, Shrimadhopur, Neem ka Thana and Dantaramgarh. Panchayat Committees of Sikar district Panchayati Raj has decentralized the process of administration at the village level in India. Under this process, a group of villages elect representatives to govern themselves. This group of villages is called Panchayat Samiti. A village or town which is bigger in size is usually chosen as Panchayat Samiti. Sikar has 8 Panchayat Samitis: Danta-ramgarh, Dhod, Fatehpur, Khandela, Laxmangarh, Neem Ka Thana, Piprali, and Srimadhopur. Each of this Panchayat Samiti is in turn made up of a number of villages[6]. Each of the villages have population ranging from 300 to over 1500. Danta-ramgarh also serves as constituency of Rajasthan legislative assembly. Danta-ramgarh Panchayat Samiti consists of Aloda, Bai, Bajyawas, Banathala, Banuda, Bharija, Bhima, Bhirana, Chainpura, Chak, Dansroli, Danta, Dhingpur, Dholasari, Dudhwa, Dukiya, Ganoda, Gowati, Jana, Kankara, Karad, Khachariyawas, Khandelsar, Khatu, Khora, Khud, Kochhor, Kuli, Ladpur, Lamiyan, Likhmaka, Manda, Mandha, Mei, Motlawas, Mundiyabas, Pachar, Ralawata, Ramgarh, Reta, Roopgarh, Sami, Sigaliya, Sulyabas, Surera villages. Dhod also serves as constituency of Rajasthan legislative assembly. Dhod Panchayat Samiti consists up of Anokhu, Badalwas, Badhadhar, Bhairunpura, Bhuwala, Bidoli, Bijyasi, Bosana, Dhod, Dugoli, Dujod, Fatehpura, Gothda, Gothda, Jerthi, Jhingar, Kanwarpura, Kasli, Khakholi, Kirdoli, Kudan, Losal, Mandawara, Mandola, Morduga, Moondwara, Nagwa, Netadwas, Painwa, Palthana, Purabadi, Puranpura, Rasidpura, Sanwloda, Sarbadi, Sewa, Sewad, Shahpura, Shyampura, Sihor, Sihor, Singrawat villages. Fatehpur also serves as constituency of Rajasthan legislative assembly. Fatehpur Panchayat Samiti consists of Athwas, Badusar, Balara, Balod, Banthod, Batdanau, Beswa, Bhinchari, Bibipur, Birania, Chudimiyan, Dataru, Deenwa-ladkhani, Dewas, Dhandan, Dhimoli, Dishnau, Gangyasar, Gaarinda, Godiya, Hirna, Hudera, Kayamsar, Khotiya, Mandela, Nabipura, Nayabas, Palas, Rajas, Rajpura, Rohal, Rosawa, Sahnusar, Takhalsar, Tihawali villages. Khandela also serves as constituency of Rajasthan legislative assembly. Khandela Panchayat Samiti consists of Barsinghpura, Basadi, Bawari, Bhadwadi, Burja, Chaukdi, Dayara, Dhalyabas, Dulhepura, Gokulkabas, Govindpura, Hardaskabas, Hathideh, Hurara, Jairampura, Jajod, Jhadli, Jugalpura, Kalyanpura, Kanwat, Kardaka, Kasarda, Kerpura, Khatundara, Kotdi, Lakhani, Loharwada, Malikpur, Nimeda, Paniharwas, Ralawata, Rampura, Sawaipura, Thikariya, Thoi villages. Laxmangarh also serves as constituency of Rajasthan legislative assembly. Laxmangarh Panchayat Samiti consists of Alakhpura, Bagri, Bathoth[7]. Bhojasar, Bhuma, Bidasar, Birodi, Chhanani, Dehar, Doodawa, Ganeri, Garoda, Ghirniyan, Hameerpura, Jajod, Jasrasar, Kachhwa, Kheriradan, Khinwasar, Khudibadi, Kumas, Kumas, Lalasi, Mangluna, Mirand,Ramsingh Pura Narodara, Nechhwa, Paldi, Patoda, Rehnawa, Rulyana, Rulyani, Singodara, Suthoth, Sutod, Tidoki, Trilunda villages. Neem ka thana also serves as constituency of Rajasthan legislative assembly. Neem ka thana Panchayat Samiti consists of Agwari, Ballupura, Basri, Bega, Bhagega, Bhudoli, Bihar, Biharipur, Chaja, Chala, Charanwas/Pura, Chiplata, Dabla, Dalpatpura, Dariba, Dayal, Deepawas, Dehra, Dokan, Ganeshwar, Gaonri, Ghasipura, Godawas, Govindpura, Guhala, Hasampur, Jhirana, Jilo, Khadra, Khatkar, Kishorpura, Kotra, Ladi, Mahawa, Makri, Mandholi, Maonda (kala), Maonda (Khurd), Maonda (R.S.), Mokalwas, Mothuka, Narsinghpuri, Natha, Nayabas, Patan, Pithalpur, Pithampuri, Raipur, Raipur, Rajpura, Ramsinghpura, Salodara, Sanwalpura, Shyampura, Sirohi, Tatera, Thikaria, Toda villages. Piprali Panchayat Samiti consists of Abhaypura, Bajor,Beri,SIKAR, Bhadwasi,Sikar, Chainpura, Chandpura, Dadiya, Daulatpura, Gokulpura, Gungara, Gurathda, Harsh, Kishanpura, Kolida, Ktrathal, Kudali, Ludhana, Malkeda, Nani, Palasara, Palsana, Piprali, Purohitkabas, Radhakishanpura, Raghunathgarh, Rajpura, Ranoli, Rewasa, Sangarwa, Shishyu, Shyamgarh, Shyampura, Sihasan, Sujawas, Tarpura, Ved Ki Dhani villages. Sri madhopur also serves as constituency of Rajasthan legislative assembly. Srimadhopur Panchayat Samiti consists of Aabhawas, Aaspura, Ajitgarh, Anantpura, Arniya, Bagariyawas, Bharani, Chomupurohitan, Dadiyarampura, Divrala, Futala, Garhtaknet, Hanspur, Hathora, [E:\etc\KHANDELA.htm Jajod] Jajod[E:\etc\KHANDELA.htm] , Jaitusar, Jorawar, Jugrajpura, Kalyanpura, Kanchanpur, Kheri , Kotdi, Kotridhaylan, Lampuwa, Lisadiya, Maharoli, Malakali, Mau, Mundaru, Nangal, Nathusar, Patwari ka bas, Reengus, Sargoth, Sihodi, Simarla, Tapiplya villages. NREGA In Sikar district 287930 Job card Issue. In 2008-09 total employment provide 145000 House Hold. Sikar district have fully transpresncy in NREGA.Sikar district exhibited a very brilliant scenario in the attainment of public vigil, transparency and innovation at all the stages of audit. Besides carrying out the state directed audit many exemplary steps are taken to ensure transparency and public vigil. Sikar (Hindi: ) is a city located in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan state in India.This is second most developed city in Rajasthan after Jaipur (Capital of Rajasthan). It is the administrative headquarters of Sikar District. Sikar is situated midway between Bikaner and Agra on National Highway 11 (India). Sikar is a historical city and at present district headquarter. Sikar presents a good many facts for the tourists. It is 114 km away from the Jaipur, 320 km from Jodhpur 240 km from Bikaner and 315 km from Delhi. Contents:-Geography/Demographics/History/Fort and Palaces/Villages of Sikar/Sikar Municipal Council/Transport/Climate/Education/Pin codes of Villages Geography Sik r is loc ted t 2737N 7509E / 27.62N 75.15E / 27.62; 75.15[1]. It has an average elevation of 427 metres (1400 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Sikar town had a population of 184,904. Population of Sikar district was 2,287,229 according to census in 2001. The population density of the district was 296 according to the same census. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sikar has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 54%. In Sikar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. History Sikar is as much part of Shekhawati as Jhunjhunu. It was the biggest Thikana (Estate) of the Jaipur State ruled by Shekhawats (Rao Ji Ka subcl n). Sik r w s the c pit l town of the Thik n Sik r. It is escorted ll round by the high w lls comprising of seven Pols(g tes). The primitive n me of Sik r w s Beer Bh n K B ss. R j B h dur Singh Shekh w t, the R j of Kh ndel gifted the v illage (Beao Nahar Singh & Rao Chand Singh, Rao Devi Singh ascended the throne of Sikar after Chand Singh. He was a great warrior and ruled over Sikar very efficiently. in the ye r 1795. Devi Singhs son R o R j L xm n Singh Ji w s lso gre t w rrior. He built the Laxmangarh fort erected on the hill and a town which sprang up at the foot hills in called Laxmangarh after his name. Maharaja S w i J g t Singh Ji S heb B h dur (II), the king of J ipur w s much ple sed with him, s result the title of R o R j w s conferred upon him by the king. His period is known for the love of art, learning, religion and culture. He was very philanthropic, the Sikar state was very prosperous in his period. The seths & the rich people got the m gnificent buildings buil t & the painting on them are worth seeing. Rao Raja Ram Pratap Singh who ascended the throne after Laxman Singh got the marble palace made .The golden painting on its walls is very attractive. The successive rulers of Sikar such as Rao Raja Bhairon Singh, Rao Raja Sir Madhav Singh Ji Bahadur (1866/1922), he was granted

the title of Bahadur in 1886 &. Madhav Singh enjoys the credit of making huge Victoria Diamonds Jublee Hall & Madhav Niwas Kothi which are the excellent examples of his love for architecture and paintings. He was always anxious for the welfare of the public. During the terrible f mine in 1899 (S mv t 1956), he st rted m ny f mine relief works for the poor nd hungry people. It is evident from M dh v S g r Pond which was built in the year 1899. This pond was made at the cost of Rs.56000/- it clearly speaks the fame of his ruler. It was in the times of Madhav Singh that Sikar saw the first light of electricity. The roads were also constructed in his time. The old monuments, forts, palaces, boundary walls and temples were repaired in his time. He was very strong and courageous. He had very cordial relations with the British Government. The survey of Railway from Jaipur to Sikar was accomplished in his period. After Madhav Singh the throne of Sikar was ascended by Kalyan Singh. Rao Raja Kalyan Singh Ji was the last ruler of Sikar (1922/1967). Kalyan Singh had been famous for their love of magnanimous building, palaces, temples and ponds He had ruled over Sikar for 32 years. He built clock tower, which adds beauty to the town. For the welfare of public he got the Kalyan Hospital & Kalyan College built. He died in the year 1967. To commemorate the sweet memory of his late son Kunwar Hardayal Singh. Sikar is a very fascinating and charming place for the tourist. The fresco Painting on the ancient havelies, temples and forts captivate the tourist from abroad. Sikar was the kingdom of royal Shekhawat rajas. Today also many royal Shekhawat family reside in Sikar. One of the great shekhawat is Mr Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, former Vice President of India is also belong to (Khachriyawas) Sikar. Three most prominent business homes of the country viz. the Bajajs, the Birlas and the Goenkas also belong to the district. Most of the Marwari businessmen community residing in Assam, W.Bengal, Surat, Bengaluru and Hyderabad also belong to Sikar. Fort and Palaces * Sikar Fort * Madho Niwas Kothi * Rani Mahal * Devi Pura Balaji * Khatu Shyamji * Maroo Park * Harshnath * Nehru Park * Jeen Mata Mandir * Bhagat Singh Market * Sikar Jumma Masjid * Kashi Ka Bas * Ganesh Mandir, Fatehpuri Gate * Temple of Gopinathji, Subhash Chowk * Diwan Ji Ki Nashiya, Jatiya Bazar * Diwan ji ki Haveli * Tila mandir(balaji temple) * Shiv Mandir(Baniyo ki dhani-Ranoli) * Shobhagyavati mandir * Shakambri mandir * Tibre wala mandir (NH11 par Ranoli ) * jhalday wallay balaji (Kanwarpura Sikar) * Bajarang lal bhaskarji ki kothi Villages of Sikar Chowkari (Choukari), Ajeetpura, Akwa, Anokhoo, Antri, Arjunpura, Badalwas, Badhadar, Bajaj Gram, Bajor, Balloopura, Baral, Beri Sikar, Bhadwasi, Bhagowa, Bhairoopura, Bhairoopura, Bharkasli, Bhawanipura, Bheekhanwasi, Bhukhron Ka Bas, Bhoowala, Bhoya, Bidoli, Bijarniyon Ki Dhani, Binjasi, Bootoli, Bosana, Chainpura, Chandeli Ka Bas, Chandpura (Rural), Charan Ka Bas, Charanwas, Chelasi, Chokha Ka Bas, Chooroli, Dab Panora, Dadia, Dadli, Dasa Ki Dhani, Daulatpura, Deeppura, Deeppura Charnan, Deogarh, Dhani Chooroli, Dhani Fatehsingh, Dhani Salamsingh (Rural), Dhani Sawairam, Dhani Takhran, Dhaninathawatan, Dhod, Dhokar, Dinarpura Sikar, Doogoli, Doojod, Dulhepura, Dulla Ki Dhani, Fakeerpura, Fatehpura, Ganeshpura,Ganeri, Gokulpura, Gothra Bhookran, Gothra Tagalan, Gumana Ka Bas, Gunathoo, Gungara, Gurha Kalan, Gurha Khurd, Hameerpura, Hardayalpura, Haripura (Losal), Harsh, Hatyaj, Hukampura, Jachas, Jagatpura, Jagmalpura, Jassoopura, Jerthi(Subhash Nagar), Jheegar Bari, Jheegar Chhoti, Jurathra, Kadma Ka Bas, Kaharo Ki Dhani, Kala Khet, Kanwarpura, Kanwarpura Sikar,karanga bada, Kashi Ka Bas, Kasli, Katrathal, Khakholi, Kharsadoo, Khori Brahmanan, Khori Doongar, Khurd, Kirdoli, Koleera, Kudan, Kudli, Kundalpur, Kushalpura, Ladwa, Lakheepura, Laxman Ka Bas, Losal Chhoti, Mailasi, Majipura, Malkera, Mandawara Sikar, Mandoli, Mandota,Maonda Khurd, Molyasi, Mordoonga, Mukandpura, Mundwara, Nagwa, Nani, Netarwas, Ola Ki Dhani, Palasara, Palthana, Palwas, Pardoli Bari, Pardoli Chhoti, Pewa, Phagalwa, Piprali, Poora Ki Dhani, Pooranpura, Puran Bari, Puran Chhoti, Purohit Ka Bas, Radha Kishanpura (Rural), Raghunathgarh, Rajpura, Rambaxpura, Ramnagar, Rampura, Raseedpura,Rewasa, Rooppura, Sabalpura, Sakrai,sanwali, Samrathpura, Santoshpura, Sanwaloda Dhaylan, Sanwaloda Ladkhani, Sanwaloda Purohitan, Sarwari, Sewa, Sewad Bari, Sewad Chhoti, Shahpura, Shastrinagar nehru park, Shivnagar, Shivsinghpura, Shyamgarh, Shyampura, Sihot Bari, Sihot Chhoti, Sikar (M Cl), Singhasan, Singrawat, Sob, Sotya Ka Bas, Sujanpura, Tajsar Karnawatan, Tajsar Khejdoliyan, Tarpura, Tatanwa, Thorasi, Todi Madhopura. Ranoli,shishu,Keshawali dhani,Baniyo ki dhani,Goriya Sikar Municipal Council Urban Local body is Sikar Municipal Council. There are 45 wards in Sikar M Cl. In municipal elections of 2009, out of these 45 seats, INC got 24 seats BJP got 13 and 8 by others. Banura Transport Kilometre sign Sik r 16 km Kilometre sign R noli 3 km" There is start broad gauge railroad in Sikar. It is connected through meter gauge to Delhi, Jaipur, Rewari, Bikaner, Sri Ganganagar, Churu, Jhunjhunu. It's well connected by roads from all the major cities. One National highway NH-11 crosses through center of city. NH-11 connects Sikar to Jaipur and Bikaner. This highway is going to be four laned very soon. Recently ministry of Railway has been surveyed Jaipur-Loharu railway track and it will be expected that this railway track soon be converted in Broad gauge [3] Airways The nearest airport is at Jaipur which operate flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, Indore, Ahmedabad etc. Climate

Summers are hot, with temperatures reaching nearly 45 degrees Celsius. Winter temperatures can drop below 2 degree Celsius. Fog is common during the winter months and the region receives less rainfall. Education Sikar, of late, has become a big hub for education in Rajasthan. Along with numerous government colleges providing arts, sciences, and commerce education, a number of private educational institutes have also opened up. St. Mary's Sr. Sec. School (affiliated to the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, New Delhi) is one of the most reputed school in Sikar located on Jaipur Road. In the last few years many coaching institutes for IIT, PMT, CPMT and other competitive exams have opened which are producing very good results. Student flow for coaching institutes has stopped to other major cities like Kota and Jaipur. Most of the merits in board exams are scored by students from schools of Sikar. Pin codes of Villages Abh w s 332604 Ajitg rh Am rs r 332701 B j jgr m Sik r 332021 B l r n 332401 B nur 332037 B ori 332411 B y 332601 Beri 332045 Bes w 332303 Bhop tpur 332410 Bhudoli 332736 Bid rs r 332316 Ch k Gopin thpur 332733 Ch l 332737 Chowk ri (Ch uk ri) 332738(Sh tru) Chomu Purohit n 332605 Churi Miy n 332412 College Ro d F tehpur 332301 D bl Sik r 332727 D di 332036 D di R mpur 332413 D nt 332702 D nt R mg rh 332703 Deor l 332704 Dh li w s 332314 Dh ndh n 332302 Dhod 332022 Doodw 332747 Dujod 332032 F tehpur B z r 332301 F tehpur H O Sekh w ti 332301 G neri 332029 G neshw r 332705 G nw ri 332724 G rod 332043 G ush l Ro d 332715 Gorir 332748 Govindpur 332739 Guh l 332706 Gung r 332038 Gur r 332721 H r sh 332035 H ss mpur 332743 Hod 332728 Hospit l Ro d Ring s 332404 J ir mpur 332726 J jod F teh pur 332318 J jod Sri M dhopur 332722 J lp li 332730 J nkipur 332315 Jerthi(vik s j ngid) 332031 Jetus r 332407 Jh rli 332707 K nw t Town 332708 K r d 332723 K sli Sik r 332039 K tr th l 332024 K y ms r 331033 Kh ch ri w s 332710 Kh ndel 332709 Kh tu Shy mji Ki 332602 Khoor 332023 Khuri B di Sik r 332313 Kochhor 332406 Kolid 332040 Kotri Sik r 332740 Kud n 332031 L chhm ng rh B z r 332311 L chhm ng rh Sekh w ti 332311 L khni 332409 Lorw r 332725 Los l 332025 Los l B zar 332025 M likpur 332408 M ndh Surer 332742 M ndholi 332741 M ngloon 332044 M rg 332001 M u 332735 Mehr uli 332603 M ond R S 332711 M ond Khurd 332711, Mundru 332712 N bipur 332306 N thus r 332731 N y m B z r 332311 Nechw 332026 Nehru P rk Kh ndel 332709 Nim K Th n 332713 Nim K Th n B z r 332713 Nim K Th n Town H O 332713 P ch r 332729 P ls n 332402 P t n 332718 P tod 332312 Ph g lw 332041 Pipl i 322214 Pipr li 332027 Prit mpuri 332745 Pur n b s 332732 Pur ni Chh wni 332732 R C P Colony 332034 R ghun thg rh 332034 R l w ts Sik r 332734 R mg rh B z r 331024 R mg rh Sik r 331024 R noli 332403 Ring s 332404 Ring s Town 332404 Rols bs r 332304 Rorub di 332317 S dins r 332305 Sekhis r 332308 Shishu 332405 Si r Mochiw r 332001 Sihot B di 332028 Sihot Chhoti 332033 Sik r B j j Ro d 332001 Sik r Collector te 332001 Sik r Devipur 332001 Sik r F tehpuri G te 332001 Sik r G ndhin g r 332001 Sik r H O 332001 Sik ar Hospital Ro d 332001 Sik r M h m ndir Ro d 332001 Sik r M ul n Az d 332001 Sik riy B z r F tehpur 332301 Singr w t 332030 Sirohi Sik r 332714 Sri M dhopur B z r 332715 Sri M dhopur H O 332715 Sur n B z r 332715 T tonw 332042 Thoi 332719 Tih awali 332307 Abh ipur 332402 Abh neri 303326 Ajmeri 332701 Akw 332315 Alkhpur Bog n 332312 Alod 332602 Anokhu 332002 Aspur 332701 Athbigh 332709 Athw s 332401 B dh dh r 332315 B dus r 332317 B gri 332311 B gri w s 332715 B gro da 332303 B ir s 332311 "b j j Ro d, Sik r Ndtso" 332001 B j jgr m 332021 B ji w s 332601 B jore 332403 B llupur 332718 B lod Bh k r n 332305 B lod Chhoti 332305 B n th l 332601 B ne K B rkher 303304 B nthod 332301 B rsinghpur 332402 Basri 332708 B sri Khurd 332708 B thot 332312 B tr n u 332311 B w np r 303326 Beed s r 332316 Besw 332303 Bh dw ri 332708 Bh g s r 332303 Bh goth 332714 Bh ironpur 332001 Bh nd ri 303326 Bh rij 332742 Bh rni 332715 Bheench ri 332303 Bhilund 332028 Bhir n 332025 Bhoom B d 332318 Bhum 332025 Bhurdonk b s 332703 Bhuw l 332042 Bibipur 332317 Bidoli 332023 Bih r 332718 Bih ripur 332718 Binj si 332028 Bir ni 332301 Bochi 332029 Bos n 332025 Br hm n B irada 303326 Ch chiw d 332311 Ch kgopin thpur 332710 Chh j kin ng l 332718 Chhok rw d 303326 Chipl t 332705 Chir s r a 332025 Chomupurohit n 332602 Chowkri 332706 Chuw s 332301 D nsroli 332742 D ntru 332311 D y lkin ng l 332711 D yara 332709 Deenw 332311 Deep w s 332705 Dend B sedi 303502 Devipur Ndtso 332001 Dh b w li 332715 Dh k s 331024 Dh n ni 332318 Dh n w d 303304 Dh ni Gum n Singh 332709 Dh ni Jor w rsingh 332708 Dher K B s 332028 Dhingpur 33260 1 Dhol s ri 332703 Din rpur 332024 Dinw 332303 Disn u 332401 Dok n 332718 Dolik 303304 Dooki 332402 Doong kin ng l 332718 Dudhw lonk b s 332709 F d npur 332301 F tehpur Shekh w ti Mdg 332301 F tehpuri G te Ndtso 332001 G ndhin gar Ndtso 332001 G ng dw di 303502 G nor 332602 G rh Bhopji 332719 G rh T knet 332701 G rind 332301 G ssu 332315 Gerot 303502 Gh n 332312 Ghirni B d 332026 Ghumn 303502 Godi B d 332301 Gokulk b s 332709 Gokulpur 332021 Goriyan 332403 Gothr Bhuk r n 332031 Gothr T gl n 332023 Gov ti 332402 Gudh Chhot 332402 Gun too 332028 H mirpur 332311 H mspur 331715 H p s 332312 H rd sk b s 332707 H rj npur 332708 H rs w 332301 H rsh 332021 H s mpur 332718 H thideh 332707 Heengw 303508 Hirn 332303 Holik b s 332715 Hospit l Ro d Ndtso 332001 J ch s 332023 J jod 332318 J l l sar 332301 J lund 332601 J n 332025 Jeenm t 332406 Jeenw s 332406 Jheeg r Chhoti 332024 Jillo 332711 Jugr jpur 332701 Juli s r 332318 Jur th r 332402 K chhw 332026 K lw n 303508 K nkr 332742 K nti 332601 K nw t Rs 332708 K r ng B d 332301 K rdk 332719 K rodi 303509 K s rd 332722 K shik b s 332021 K sw li 332401 K y ms r Gdsso 331033 Kel i 303304 Kerpur 332709 Kh ndels r 332403 Kh nri 332025 Kh tundr 332709 Kh tushy mjik 332602 Kheri R d n 332401 Khiroti 332705 Khor 332601 Khotiy 331024 Khuntl 303326 Khuri B di 332315 Kirdoli 332041 Kochhore 332406 Kood n 332031 Koolie 332710 Kothy ri 332026 Kotri Dh y l n 332404 Kum s 332311 Kunder Doong r 303508 Kuti M riy d 303326 L chhm ng rh 332311 L dik b s 332705 L dpur 332411 L kh ni 332404 L l si 332315 L miy 332602 L mpuw 332404 Likhm K B s 332601 Lis riy 332712 Los l B z r Ndtso 332025 Los l Chhoti 332025 Lotw r 303509 M dhopur 332401 M hroli 332603 M kri 332711 M ndel B d 332301 M ndel Chhot 332301 M ndh M dni 332402 M ndot 332023 M ndusiy 332701 M ond K l n 332711 M ond Khurd 332711 M ond Rs 332711 Meir j npur 332703 Mir n 332312 Mochiw r Ndtso 332001 Mok lw s 332705 Moly asi 332041 Mordung 332030 Mot Ki Dh ni 332601 Motl w s 332702 Mund w r 332023 Mundi w s 332702 N.p.kh ndel Ndtso 332709 N gw 332002 N mner 303508 N ng l Bhim 332715 N ng l N thus r 332712 N rod r 332311 N rs s 332318 N rsinghpuri 332706 N th kin ng l 332711 N th w tpur 332001 "n y m B z r, L chhm ng rh" 332311 Nechhw 332026 Neem kidh ni 331024 Neem w s 332702 Neemki 332708 Net rw s 332002 Nimk th n Ndtso 332713 Nimk th n Town Mdg 33271 3 P l s r 332405 P lth n 332315 P lw s 332042 P nih rw s 332709 P rdoli B di 332041 P tw ri K B s 332715 Peechup r K l n 303326 Peelw K l n 303304 Peep lki 303509 Pew 332002 Pos ni 332031 Prithvipur 332402 Pund rp d 303509 Pur n Badi 332021 Purohitk b s 332027 R hn w 332401 R ipur J gir 332701 R jpur Nos l 332742 R lw t 332406 R mg rh Shekh w ti 331024 R mshis r 332302 R msinghkidh ni 332718 R shidpur 332315 Ret 332406 Rew s 332403 Roopg rh 332406 Roru Badi 332317 Ros w 332304 Roy l 332709 Rul n 332601 Ruly n M li 332041 Ruly ni 332028 S hnus r 331024 S kr im t 332721 S ledipur 332709 S mer 332602 S mi 332023 S mr thpur 332708 S ng rw 332405 S ngliy 332025 S nkhu 332401 S n waloda Dh y l n 332315 S nw lpur Shekh w t n 332707 S nw lpur T nw r n 332707 S nwlod L dkh ni 332315 S nwlod Purohit n 332315 S rgoth 332404 S rw ri 332030 S w ipur 332722 Seepur 332701 Sew d B di 332041 Sherpur Suj s 332403 Sho la 332722 Sihori 332719 Sik r 332001 "sik ri B z r, F tehpur" 332301 Sim rl Pironk 332603 Simr l 332719 Singh s n 332027 Singodr 332311 Sol 332312 Srim dhopur 332715 Srim dhopur B z r Ndtso 332715 Srim dhopur R.s. Ndtso 332715 Subh sh N g r 332031

Suj npur 332030 Suli w s 332702 Sur ni B z r Srim dhopur Ndtso 332715 Surer 332742 Sutod 332029 Sutot 332041 T js r 332301 T kh ls r 332024 T piply 332404 T s r B di 332042 T t nw 332042 T ter 332701 Thedi 331024 Thikriy 303509 Thimoli 332307 Tih y 332307 Tiroki B di 332029 Tiw ri Ki Dh ni 332715 Tiw rikidh ni 332709 Trilokpur 332403 Tunw 332026 Um r 332710 Ved Ki Dh ni 332405 Y ls r 332031 Fatehpur Fatehpur (Hindi: ) is a town of Sikar district in Rajasthan, India. It is part of the Shekhawati region. It is midway between Jaipur and Bikaner on National Highway -11. Fatehpur is famous for grand havelis with frescos, which is speciality of the Shekhawati region.A number of Bawdis are also centres of attraction here. Contents [hide] * 1 History * 2 Birania * 3 Garinda * 4 Geography * 5 Tourism o 5.1 Haveli Cultural Centre Nadine Le Prince o 5.2 The Haveli o 5.3 The Jagannath Singhania Haveli o 5.4 Member of Legislative Assembly * 6 References History The Muslim Kayamkhani Nawab, Fatehkhan established Fatehpur in 1451. He constructed the fort of Fatehpur in 1449 and ruled up to 1474.[1] It served as the capital of Fateh Khan, the Muslim Nawab. Fatehkhan's eldest son was Jalalkhan, who founded the village Jalalsar at a distance of 10 km south of Fatehpur. After death of Fatehkhan in 1474, Jalalkhan became the Nawab of Fatehpur. Jalakhan was a warrior and kind Nawab. He had left the Fatehpur bid (forest land) for the purpose of grazing of animals.[2] Shekhawat Rajputs took it over in the 18th century. Birania Birania or Biraniya or Biraniyan ( ) is one of the largest village of Fatehpur Tehsil. It is located in the west direction at a distance of 12 km from Fatehpur. National Highway-11 passes at the distance of about 11 KM from the village.Adjoining villages are Karanga Bara,Karanga Chhota,Sulkhania, Rosawa,Kishanpura and Thathawata Piran. There are about 70 families of "Godara" Jats out of 500 families. There are about 200 families of Karwasra jats out of 500 families in the village. Karwasras in the village were migrated from Loha village of Churu district.The main occupation of the villagers is agriculture. Some persons have gone to Arab countries for earning. Birania is considered to be a progressive village of the region. The village has contributed significantly in education. As many as 5 well known education institutes in Sikar district are run by noble persons from the village. Garinda Garinda is a village of Fatehpur Tehsil. Garinda's population about 4,000 and has a Senior secondary school and two primary schools in Garinda. There are three temples and a mosque. Budhgiri ji ki mandi is most temple in south in fatehpur on NH.11 Dara jat's is the most population in garinda village and Dhayal, Dhaka, Bagria, Khichar etc. other Jat gotra in Garinda Garinda PCO No.01571-284271 Geography F tehpur is loc ted t 2759N 7457E / 27.98N 74.95E / 27.98; 74.95.[3] It has an average elevation of 325 metres (1066 ft). Tourism Haveli Cultural Centre Nadine Le Prince A beautiful haveli purchased by a French artist Nadine Le Prince. It has been built in 1802 by a rich family of traders, the Deora, who were also officers at the court of the local Maharaja. Since 1999, Nadine Le Prince has entirely restored this palace and all the frescoes, restoring these to their originals. . She is doing much to preserve and restore the wonderful and unique heritage of havelis in Shekhawati working with other associations to give them a second life. That's why she has opened a cultural center , which she created in order to exhibit french and Indian modern artists, and to confront old and contemporary art. The Kala Dirga Gallery of Contemporary Art shows especially pieces made by artists about India ; the Saraswati Gallery is more about traditional themes of Rajasthan, through different kinds of painting ; there are also two little Tribal Art Galleries exhibiting the artistic work of tribes, as Patachitras and Madhubani. The aim of this project is to offer to the visitor a large panorama of works and points of view toward India. Thus, the exhibited artists belong to very differents origins : French renowed artist, Jaipur Fine Art Sch ools Te cher or Shekh w tis Loc l P inters. Nadine Le Prince has also established a program for artists in residence and she's planning to organize some cultural events as dance and music shows to make this enchanting palace becoming a lively place for art in all his shapes. The Haveli Though in an extreme state of deterioration, it has a rare depiction of an erotic painting. The Jagannath Singhania Haveli Year of Construction, 1857 to 1860, Height of the Haveli 50 feet, Total No. of floors, It has some fine paintings of Radha and Krishna and shows some British men holding guns. 1. It has a special 9 Door room This is situated on the terrace which is open from all sides. There is air-circulation from all sides and thus it remains cool naturally. 2. Baithak It has 5 doors which are exclusive to this h veli. Other B ith ks in the region h ve 3 doors only. 3. Bara Dari A Baradari, in Persian and Moghul architecture, is a building or room with 12 doors designed to allow the free draught of air through it. Persons of repute used it as a venue for for m l nd inform l settings in hot we ther. It is lso known s the mehfil room. The men would occupy the base area. And, there is an exclusive provision made for ladies to sit upstairs in privacy. 4. Rangeen Kamra It is also known as the colourful room. The specialty of this particular room is that it acts both as a secret chamber and is also renowned for its artistic beauty. The floors, walls as well as the ceilings are hand painted depicting stories based on the life of Lord Krishna. 5. Bhuran It is also known as the underground safety room. It acts like a safe deposit valve which is closed from all sides. The haveli has Naal on one side and Nohra on the other side which can be used as open space for parking, swimming pool and is large enough to construct the two together. The others havelis, which are notable are Harkishan Das Saraogi Haveli and Vishnunath Keria Haveli. The town has blessings of many religious mentors, it includes Dargah of Hazrat Nazmudin , Temple of Do-Janti Balaji Dham (which is famous for its exterior

hand made stone bricks construction and in-side Lord Sun painting)etc. It got few workshops which repair and create antic furniture and other suff for sale, some of which are very good and available for purchase. Member of Legislative Assembly Mr. Bhanwaru Khan Khandela Khandela (Hindi: ) is a city and municipality located within the Sikar district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is known to be the place where the Rajputs converted into a Banya clan by name of Maheshwari. The Maheshwari community finds its inception and starting in the town of Khandela more than 5000 years ago Contents:-History/Geography/Demographics History Khandel ( ) Khadaul ( ) gotra of Jats originated from Khandela, which was founded by Khadgal ( ). [1] Khandela was the Thikana of Shekhawat Rajas. Khandela was divided into 2 panas (Parts), namely, Bada Pana and Chota Pana.ghateswar is one of the temple area of the town and Sunderlal sharma was the popular personality.Mahadev Singh Khandela also belongs to this town. The town is very famous for Gota Kinari handlooms. Mainly Muslim karigars are involved in this Industry. Khandela is also known for ancient Saint Karmaiti Bai ji Maharaj. Karmaiti bai ji maharaj has sent lord Bihari ji Statue from Vrandavan to Khandela and the statue is still worshiped in Bihariji temple. Purohiton kee kotari is the residence of Bada pana Purohits (Pareek). Shri Nand lal Ji pareek, a retired Government teacher has also wrote a book on Karmaiti Bai ji Maharaj. Charora Dham is also the famous religious place in the town and its now looking after by Swami Dinesh Giri ji Maharaj ( Pupil of Baba Bishvmbhar Das ji Maharaj). Chhota Pana garh is now being converted into a hospital and a very good care has been taken by Dr. Bhanwar Singh Raisal to local residents. He is very good physician and also a very famous social worker. The oppressive measures by the Jagirdars had forced the Bajiya Jats of Lampua village who gathered at Khandela and opposed the Jagirdari system due to which The Shekhawat Jagirdar hacked Lala Bajiya by sword. Bhura Bajiya had taken lead of this movement who was also killed. The Jaipur state established a statue and Chhatri of Lala Bajiya at Khandela. The villagers themselves established statue and Chhatri of Bhura Bajiya at Khandela. Khandela is a very famous ancient town and lots of casts originated from here like - Maheshwaris, Khandelwal Baniya & Khandelwal Brahmins. (Any person should not use this site for his personal advertisement and business purpose) Geography Kh ndel is loc ted t 2722N 7518E / 27.36N 75.30E / 27.36; 75.30[2]. It has an average elevation of 318 metres (1043 feet).It is 45 km from Sikar. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[3], Khandela had a population of 22,475. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. As you can see Khandela has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 45%. In Khandela, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Khandelwal Jain, Vaishnava and Brahmin originated from here. Vijayvargiya (Vijayvergia) and Maheshwaris communities also trace their origin from this place. Rayasala was the most famous ruler of Khandela. Khatushyamji Khatushyamji is a village of religious importance in Sikar District of Rajasthan in India where there is a famous temple of Shyam Baba. It is said to be founded by Khatkar gotra Jats. Contents [hide] * 1 Distances * 2 Features of the town o 2.1 Khatushyamji + 2.1.1 Shyam Kund + 2.1.2 Shyam Bagichi + 2.1.3 Gourishankar Temple * 3 See also Distances * Ringas: 17 km; Jaipur: 80 km; Delhi: 266 km * Jeenmata: 26 km; Salasar Balaji:105 The nearest airport is Jaipur. Features of the town Khatushyamji Khatushyamji's temple, constructed of the famous Makrana marble, is in the heart of the town. Khatushyamji is considered to be the God of the Kaliyuga. Shyamji is synonymous with Krishna and thus, he is worshipped in the same form also. Shyam Kund It is the holy pond near the temple from which the Sheesh (Head) was retrieved. It is believed that a dip in this pond cures a person from ailments and brings good health. People come at Falgun Mela from various places here and assume sacred after taking bath. People take water from here which they use to remove several diseases. Shyam Bagichi A blessed garden near the temple from where the flowers are picked to be offered to the deity. The great devotee Lt. Alu Singhji's Samadhi is also in the premises. Gourishankar Temple This is a Shiva temple which is near Khatushyamji's temple. There is a legend that the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's soldiers wanted to destroy this temple, and attacked the Shiva Linga with a spear. Fountains of blood appeared from the Shiva Linga, and the soldiers ran away, terrified. One can still see the mark of the spear on the Linga. See also * Khatushyamji In Hinduism, Khatushyamji is a name and manifestation of Barbarika, son of Ghatotkacha. This manifestation is especially popular in the Indian st te of R j sth n. The origin l S nskrit n me B rb rk is often repl ced in R j sth n by the Hindi version, B rb rk, often written as Barbareek.

Barbarika had obtained a boon from Krishna to the effect that he would be known by Krishna's own name (Shyam) in the Kaliyuga era (presently ongoing) and worshipped. Krishna had declared that Barbarika's devotees would be blessed just by pronouncing his name from the bottom of their hearts. Their wishes would be granted and troubles removed if they worship Shyamji (Barbarika) with a true piety. Contents * 1 Legend o 1.1 Krishna tests Barbarika + 1.1.1 Krishna's leg + 1.1.2 The other interpretation of three arrows o 1.2 Act of charity + 1.2.1 Why Lord Krishna asks for Barbareek's head? o 1.3 Bearing witness to the war * 2 Other names * 3 Temple o 3.1 Architectural features o 3.2 Precincts * 4 Observances and festivals * 5 Administration and amenities * 6 See also * 7 References * 8 External links Legend The legend begins with the M hbhr t . B rb rik li s Kh tushy mji li s Shy m B b w s gr ndson of Bhim , Second of the Pandava brothers. He was the son of Ghatotkacha (who in turn was son of Bhima) and Kamkankata Ma Morwi . Even in his childhood, Barbarika was a very brave warrior. He learnt the art of warfare from his mother. God Shiva, pleased with him, gave him the three infallible arrows (Teen Baan). Hence, Barbarika came to be known by the appellation Teen Baandhaari, the "Bearer of Three Arrows". Later, Agni (the god of Fire) gave him the bow that would make him victorious in the three worlds. When Barbarika learnt that battle between the Pandavas and the Kauravas had become inevitable, he wanted to witness what was to be the M hbhr t W r. He promised his mother that if he felt the urge to participate in the battle, he would join the side which would be losing. He rode to the field on his Blue Horse equipped with his three arrows and bow. Krishna tests Barbarika Krishna disguised as a Brahmin and stopped Barbarika to examine his strength. He baited Barbarika by mocking him for going to the great battle with only three arrows. On this, Barbarika replied that a single arrow was enough to destroy all his opponents in the war, and it would then return to his quiver. He stated that, the first arrow is used to mark all the things that he wants to destroy. On releasing the third arrow, it would destroy all the things that are marked and will then return to his quiver. If he uses the second arrow, then the second arrow will mark all the things that he wants to save. On using the third arrow, it will destroy all the things that are not marked. In other words, with one arrow he can fix all his targets and with the other he can destroy them. Krishna then challenges him to tie all the leaves of the peepal tree under which he was standing with these arrows. Barbarika accepts the challenge and starts meditating to release his arrow by closing his eyes. Then, Krishna without the knowledge of Barbarika, plucks one of the leaf of the tree and puts it under his foot. When Barbarik releases his first arrow, it marks all the leaves of the tree and finally starts revolving around the leg of Krishna. For this Krishna asks Barbarika, as why was the arrow revolving around his foot? For this, Barbareek replies that there must be a leaf under his foot and the arrow was targeting his foot to mark the leaf that is hidden under him. Barbarika advises Krishna to lift his leg, since, otherwise the arrow will mark the leaf by pricking Krishna's leg. Thus, Krishna lifts his foot and to his surprise, finds that the first arrow also marks the leaf that was hidden under his foot. Of course, the third arrow does collect all the leaves (including the one under Krishna's foot) and ties them together. By this Krishna concludes that the arrows are so infallible, that even if Barbarika is not aware of his targets, the arrows are so powerful that they can still navigate and trace all his intended targets. The moral of this incident is that, in a real battle field, if Krishna wants to isolate some one (for example: the 5 Pandava brothers) and hides them elsewhere in order to avoid them from being Barbarika's victim, then Krishna will not be successful as the arrows can still trace the target and destroy them. So, nobody will be able to escape from these arrows. Thus Krishna gets a deeper insight about Barbarika's phenomenal power. Krishna then asks the boy whom he would favour in the war. Barbarika reveals that he intends to fight for the side whichever is weak. As Pandavas have only seven Akshouni army, when compared to Kauravas eleven, he considers that Pandavas are weak and hence wants to support them so that Pandavas will become victorious. But Krishna asks him, did he seriously gave a thought about the consequences before giving such a word to his mother (to support the weak side). Barbarika guesses that his support to the weaker side will make them victorious. Then, Krishna reveals the actual consequence of his word to his mother: Krishna tells that whichever side he supports will only make the other side weak due to his power. Nobody will be able to defeat him. Hence, he is forced to support the other side that has become weaker due to his word to his mother. Thus, in an actual war, he will keep oscillating between the two sides, there by destroying the entire army of both sides and eventually only he remains. Subsequently, none of the side is victorious as he will be the only lone survivor. Hence, Krishna avoids his participation from the war by seeking his head in Charity. Krishna's leg The other version of the story tells that the first arrow indeed pricks Krishna's leg and mark the leaf that is hidden under Krishna's foot. This becomes a weak spot of Krishna. When Krishna revives Abhimanu's son Parkishit, he looses half of his strength making him even more weaker. Later, a hunter by name Jara hits at Krishna's foot mistaking him for a deer leads to the death of Krishna. In other words, this weak spot on Krishna's foot was first created by Barbareek's arrow. The other interpretation of three arrows The three arrows are signs of three "taaps" that humans experience. These include the physical, mental and emotional conflicts and confusions that are found almost everywhere. These three "taaps" are cleared with chanting of name of Shri Krishna. Thus, giving Barabarika the name "Shyaam", the Lord intended to remove the three taaps of human like, symbolized with the three arrows Act of charity The guised Krishna then sought charity from Babarika. Barbarika promised him anything he wished. Krishna asked him to give his head in charity. Barbarika was shocked. Perceiving that all was not as it appeared, he requested the Brahmin to disclose his real identity. Krishna showed Barbarika a vision of His Divine Form and Barbarika was thus graced. Krishna then explained to him that before a battle, the head of the bravest Kshatriya needs to be sacrificed, in order to worship/sanctify the battlefield. Krishna said that he considered Barbarika to be the bravest among

Kshatriyas, and was hence asking for his head in charity. In fulfilment of his promise, and in compliance with the Krishna's command, Barbarika gave his head to him in charity. This happened on the 12th day of the Shukla Paksha (bright half) of the month of Mangsir on Monday. Why Lord Krishna asks for Barbareek's head? Lord Krishna asks Barbareek to sacrifice himself for two reasons: 1) Before the beginning of Mahabharat war, the head of the greatest warrior has to be sacrificed. Krishna considers Barbareek to be the greatest warrior 2) Barbareek was an Yaksha in his previous birth. Once Lord Brahma along with several other Devas came to Vaikunta and complained to Lord Vishnu that the Adharma on earth was increasing and it was not possible for them to bear the tortures causes by the wicked people. Hence they came to seek the help of Lord Vishnu in order to check them. Lord Vishnu told the Devas that he will soon incarnate on Earth as a human being and destroy all the evil-forces. Then, a Yaksha told the Devas that he alone is enough to kill the entire evil elements on the Earth and it was not necessary for Lord Vishnu to descend on Earth. This hurts Lord Brahma very much. Hence, Lord Brahma curses this Yaksha that whenever the time comes to eliminate all the evil forces on Earth, then Lord Vishnu will first kill him. Later, the yaksha takes birth as Barbareek and lord Krishna seeks his head in charity as a result of this curse. Bearing witness to the war Before decapitating himself, Barbarika told Krishna of his great desire to view the forthcoming battle and requested him to facilitate the same. Krishna agreed and placed the head on top of a hill overlooking the battlefield. From the hill, the head of Barbarika watched the entire battle. At the end of the battle, the victorious Pandava brothers argued amongst themselves as to who was responsible for their victory. Krishna suggested that Barbarika's head, which had watched the whole battle should be allowed to judge. Barbarika's head suggested that it was Krishna alone who was responsible for the victory: his advice, his presence, his gameplan had been very crucial. Barbarika's head said that he had seen only the Sudarshana Chakra revolving around the battlefield, hacking the Kaurava army to pieces; and Draupadi, assuming the fearful form of Mahakali Durga, drank bowl after bowl of blood without even allowing a drop of blood to fall on earth. Other names * Barbarika: Khatushyamji's childhood name was Barbarika. His mother and relatives used to call him by this name before the name Shyamji was given by Shri Krishna. * Sheesh Ke Daani: Literally: "Donor of Head"; As per the legend related above. * Haare Ka Sahara: Literally: "Support of the defeated"; Upon his mother's advise, Barbarika resolved to support whoever has less power and is losing. Hence he is known by this name. * Teen Baan Dhaari: Literally: "Bearer of three arrows"; Reference is to the three infallible arrows that he received as boon from God Shiva. These arrows were sufficient to destroy the whole world. The title written below these three arrows is Maam Sevyam Parajitah. * Lakha-datari: Literally: "The Munificent Giver"; One who never hesitates to give his devotees whatever they need and ask for. * Leela ke Aswaar: Literally: "Rider of Leela"; Being the name of his blue-coloured horse. Many call it Neela Ghoda or "blue horse." * Khatu Naresh: Literally: "The King of Khatu"; One who rules Khatu and the whole universe. * Kalyug ke Avtaari: Literally: "The God of Kaliyug"; As per Krishna he will be the God who will save good people in the era of Kalyug. Neele Ghode ka Aswar........The horse of veer barbarika is blue. Saccha darbar Dhari............Always fulfill the devotee's wishes. Know More Names of Shyam baba Temple After the M hbhr t b ttle, B rb rik 's he d w s buried in the vill ge of Kh tu in present -day Rajasthan. The location was obscured until well after the Kaliyuga period began. Then, on one occasion, milk started flowing spontaneously out of a cow's udder when she neared the burial spot. Amazed at this incident, the local villagers dug the place up and the buried head was revealed. The head was handed over to a Brahmin who worshipped it for many days, awaiting divine revelations as to what was to be done next. Roopsingh Chauhan, king of Khatu, then had a dream where he was inspired to build a temple and install the head therein. Subsequently, a temple was built and the idol was installed on the 11th day of the Shukla Paksha (bright half) of the month of Phagun. There is another, only slightly different version of this legend. Roopsingh Chauhan was the ruler of Khatu. His wife, Narmada Kanwar, once had a dream in which the deity instructed her to take his image out of the earth. The indicated place (now known as Shyam Kund) when then dug up. Sure enough, it yielded the idol, which was duly enshrined in the temple. The original temple was built in 1027 AD by Roopsingh Chauhan and his wife Narmada Kanwar. In 1720 AD, a nobleman known as Diwan Abhaisingh renovated the old temple, at the behest of the then ruler of Marwar. The temple took its present shape at this time and the idol was enshrined in the sanctum sanctorum. The idol is made of rare stone. Khatushyam is the family deity of a large number of families. Architectural features The temple is architecturally rich. Lime mortar, marble and tiles have been used in constructing the structure. The shutters of the sanctum sanctorum are beautifully covered with silver sheet. Outside is the prayer hall, named Jagmohan. The hall is large in size (measuring 12.3 m x 4.7 m) and its walls are elaborately painted, depicting mythological scenes. The entrance gate and exit gate are made of marble; their brackets are also of marble and feature ornamental floral designs. Precincts There is an open space in front of the entrance gate of the temple. The Shyam Bagicha is a garden near the temple from where flowers are picked to be offered to the deity. The Samadhi of Aloo Singh, a great devotee, is located within the garden. The Gopinath temple lies to the south-east of the main temple. The Gaurishankar temple also lies nearby. There is an interesting tale associated with the Gaurishankar temple. It is said that some soldiers of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb wanted to destroy this temple. They attacked the Shiva lingam enshrined within this temple with their spears. Immediately, fountains of blood appeared from the Shiva Lingam. The soldiers ran away, terrified. One can still see the mark of the spear on the Lingam. Khatu Shyam ji Main temple resides at Khatu Town near jaipur 80km far . view more about khatu shyam ji temple Observances and festivals Barbarika is worshipped as Shyam, being Krishna himself. Therefore, the flavour of the festivities reflects the playful and vibrant nature of Krishna. The festivals of Krishna Janmaashtami, Jhool Jhulani Ekadashi, Holi and Vasant Panchami are celebrated with gusto in the temple. The Phalguna Mela detailed below is the principal annual festival. Hundreds of devotees visit the temple everyday. Newly married couples come to pay homage and newly born babies are brought to the temple for their mundan (the first hair-shaving) ceremony. An elaborate Aarti is performed at the temple five times a day. These are: * Mangala Aarti: performed in the early morning, when temple is open. * Shringaar Aarti: performed at the time of make-up of Baba Shyam. The idol is grandly ornamented for this Aarti. * Bhog Aarti: performed at noon when bhog (Prasadam) is served to the Lord. * Sandhya Aarti: performed in the evening, at sunset. * Sayana Aarti: performed in the night, when temple is closed.

Two special hymns, the Shri Shyam Aarti and the Shri Shyam Vinati, are chanted on all these occasions. The Shri Shyam mantra is another litany of the Lord's names that is chanted by devotees. The aarti reads as follows : Aum jai shri shyam hare, baba jai shri shyam hare Khatu dham virajat, anupam roop dhare, aum jai shri shyam hare... Ratan jadit sinhasan, sar per chanvar dhure Tan keshariya baago, kundal shravan pade, aum jai shri shyam hare... Gal pushpon ki maala, sir pe mukut dhare Khevat dhoop agni par, deepak jyoti jale, aum jai shri shyam hare... Modak kheer choorma, suvaran thaal bhare, Sevak bhog lagaavat, seva nitya kare, aum jai shri shyam hare... Jhanj katora aur ghadiyaaval, shankh mridang dhure, Bhakt aarti gaave, jay jay kaar kare, aum jai shri shyam hare... Jo dhyave phal paave, sab dukh se ubare, Sevak jan nij mukh se, shri shyam shyam uchare, aum jai shri shyam hare... Shri shyam bihariji ki aarti, jo koi nar gaave Kahat alusingh swami, manvanchit phal paave, aum jai shri shyam hare... Aum jai shri shyam hare, baba jai shri shyam hare, Nij bhakton ke tumne, pooran kaaj kare, aum jai shri shyam hare... Other particular observances include: Shukla Ekadashi & Dwadashi: The 11th & 12th days of the bright half of every month in the Hindu calendar is of special significance to the temple. This is because Barbarika was born on the 11th day of the bright half of the month of Kartika, and he donated his head ("Sheesh") to Krishna on the 12th day of the bright half of the month of Mangsir on Monday. Darshan on these two days is therefore considered auspicious and devotees come in their thousands every month. The temple remains open throughout the night that falls between these days. Night-long Bhajan sessions are organised since devotees traditionally pass the night in singing the praises of the Lord. Devotees organise Bhajan programmes and invite Bhajan singers to sing devotional songs. Bathing in the Shyam Kund: This is the holy pond near the temple from which the idol was retrieved. It is believed that a dip in this pond cures a person from ailments and brings good health. Filled with devotional fervor, people take ritual dips in the Shyam Kund. They believe that this will relieve them of diseases and contagion. Bathing during the annual Phalguna Mela festival is deemed specially salutary. Nishan Yatra: It is believed that your wishes are granted if you offer a Nishan at the temple. A Nishan is a triangular flag of a particular size, made of cloth, which is hoisted on a bamboo stick. It is carried in one's hands while covering the route from the town of Ringas to Khatu (17 km) on (bare) foot. Nishans are offered in millions during the Phalguna Mela. Phalguna Mela: The most important festival associated with the temple is the Phalguna Mela which occurs just 3 4 days before from the festival of Holi. Barbarika's head appeared on Phalguna Shuddha Ekadashi, the 11th day of the bright half of the Hindu month of Phalguna. Therefore, the fair is held from the 9th to the 12th of that month. An estimated one million devotees visit the temple during these four days from all corners of the country. There is virtually no vacant space in the town during this period. There is celebration and festivity in the moods of the devotees who wait for hours in long serpentine queues for a moment's glance of the deity. The whole town, along with the temple, is illuminated. Singers across all over the country come here to perform Bhajans on this holy occasion. Special arrangements are made for feeding the devotees in almost all the Dharamshalas and rest-houses. Special trains & buses also ply during the mela. The government of Rajasthan takes care of the law and order during the fair. Khatu Shyam ji temple and puja ( worship ) timing Administration and amenities The Public Trust that has charge of the temple is registered under registration No. 3/86. A 7-member committee oversees the management of the temple. A number of Dharmashalas (charity lodges) are available for their comfortable stay. The temple timings are as follows: * In winter (Ashvin bahula 1st to Chaitra shuddha 15th): 5.30 am - 1.00 pm and 4.00 pm - 9.00 pm. * In summer (Vaishakha bahula 1st to Bhadrapada shuddha 15th): 4.30 am - 12.30 pm and 4.00 pm - 10.00 pm. The temple is open 24 hours a day on every Shukla Paksha Ekadasi, i.e., on the 11th day of the bright half of every month in the Hindu calendar. The temple is also open throughout the 4-day Phalgun Mela. Laxmangarh Laxmangarh is a town in Sikar district of Rajasthan in India. It is situated on National Highway-11 at a distance of 30 km from Sikar in north. The tehsil is also called Lakshmangarh. Contents:-History/Laxmangarh Fort/Places to See/Geography/Demographics/Education History Laxmangarh town came into being in the year 1862. Rao Raja Laxman Singh of Sikar constructed fort of Laxmangarh at this place. Rao Raja Laxman Singh of Sikar Thikana planned it nearly 200 years ago under Shekhawati region of erstwhile Rajputana. The reigning kingdom of jaipur had many thikanas and Shekhwati was one of them. The jagirdars of these thikanas were called Rao Rajas and Laxman Singh happened to be the Rao Raja of Sikar and founder of Laxmangarh. Most recently, Laxmangarh has been of public curiosity due to its place in modern literature. Some mistakenly believe it served as the home of the fictional character Balram Halwai, from the best selling novel The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga. The book won the Man Booker Prize of 2008. However, The White Tiger is actually set in the Gaya District in the vicinity of Bodh Gaya in the state of Bihar. DAGRA is a village near Laxmangarh and located approx 8km west of the town. The religious temple of Balaji at Salasar is 30 km west to the town and is connected with a state highway. The road witness heavy to very heavy traffic on the Saturdays and Tuesdays. The road is also accident prone. The administration is looking for an alternate parallel road from NH 11 to Salasar( From Khori Badi, Hapas via Somani Balaji, Sola and Mangluna). The preliminary survey have been carried out and the work will start soon. Laxmangarh Fort Laxmangarh Fort The most imposing building in this town is its small fortress (owned by the Jhunjhunwala Family) which looms over the well laid out township on its west side. Laxman Singh, the Raja of Sikar,built the fort in the early 19th century after Kan Singh Saledhi besieged the prosperous town. The fort of Laxmangarh is a unique piece of fort architecture in the whole world because the structure is built upon scattered pieces of huge rocks. The fort is private property - owned by a local businessmen and is closed to the public. You can however climb up the ramp to a temple which is open to the public, and the view from the ramp can be quite fascinating too. Of course, seeing the town from this height tempts you to go further higher, but a guard effectively keeps the public out. in this city good people mahesh kumar shivran village =dagra post badushar

Places to See View of Laxmangarh Town Other than the Laxmangarh fort, the Ghanta ghar (Clock Tower) and various havelis with famous Shekhawati fresco paintings and Chhatris are the hallmark of the town. One get to Laxmangarh by bus, or you could take a meter gauge train from Sikar. About 50 m north of the bus stand through the busy bazaar, a wide cobblestone path wends its way up the east side of the fort. There's a sign advising that the fort is private property, but there's a good view from the top of the ramp before the main entrance. From here you can see the layout of the double Char Chowk Haveli, below and to the northeast. Head for this haveli when you descend the ramp. Beneath the cave on the northern external wall of the Char Chowk Haveli is a picture of a bird standing on an elephant with another elephant in its beak. The large paintings on the facade of the northern face have mostly faded, and the paintings in the outer downstairs courtyard are covered by blue wash. The paintings in the inner courtyard are fairly well preserved. The wails and ceiling of a small upstairs room on the east side of the northern haveli are completely covered with paintings. It has some explicit erotic images, but is very badly illuminated, so although they're well preserved you'll need a flashlight to examine them properly. In the same building, a room in the northwest corner retains floral swirls and motifs on the ceiling with scenes from the Krishna legends interspersed with inlaid mirrors. The black and white rectangular designs on the lower walls create a marbled effect. No one lives in the haveli now, but there may be someone around who will open it for you (for a small fee). The front facade is in very poor condition at the lower levels, with the plaster crumbling and the bricks exposed. The southern haveli is still inhabited. About 50 m east of this haveli is the large Radhi Murlimanohar Temple, which dates from 1845. It retains a few paintings beneath the eaves and some sculptures of deities around the external walls. To the south of this temple is the busy bazaar, flanked by a series of uniform shops whose overhanging balconies have three scalloped open arches flanked by two blank arches with lattice friezes. The shops were constructed in the midl9th century by a branch of the Poddar family known as Ganeriwala, who hailed from the village of Ganeri. If you turn left at the first intersection south of the temple, on the corner of the first laneway on the left is the Chetram Sanganeeria Haveli. The lower paintings on the west wall are badly damaged: the plaster has peeled away and concrete rendering has been applied. Paintings on this wall include a woman in a swing suspended from a tree; a woman spinning; a man dancing on a pole balancing knives; people enjoying a ride on a Ferris wheel; a man ploughing fields with oxen; and men sawing timber. On the north-east corner of the clock tower square, which is about 100 m south of the temple via the busy bazaar, is the Rathi Family Haveli. On the west wall, a European woman in a smart red frock sews on a treadle machine. The European influence is very much in evidence here, with painted roses and a Grecian column effect. On the south side of this haveli are ostentatious flourishes and the British crown flanked by unicorns. On the east side is depicted a railway station (a painted sign reads 'A Railway Station', in case you weren't sure!), and some blue eyed British soldiers. There is a busy set of chai (tea) stalls on the west side of the haveli, and this is a good place to sit and admire these extraordinarily overthe-top paintings. Behind this haveli, a short distance to the east, is the Shyonarayan Kyal Haveli, which dates from around 1900. Under the eaves on the east wall, a man and woman engage in an intimate tryst while a maidservant stands by with a glass of wine at the ready. Other pictures include those of a woman admiring herself in a mirror and Europeans being drawn by horses with a tiny coachman at the reins. The heritage hevelis are on the attack by the land Mafia, mushrooming on the behest and patronage of the greedy and corrupt administration in the area. These havelis are destroyed and new illegal high rise malls are constructed in unplanned way. The local government i.e. Municipal Board has turned blind eye with the vested interest. The matter has been headlined by the local newspapers at times but could not bring the desired results to protect the heritage buildings. Geography L xm ng rh is loc ted t 274921N 750131E / 27.8225N 75.025278E / 27.8225; 75.025278.[1] It has an average elevation of 222 metres (728 ft). The Laxmangarh Fort is the best monument of the town. The nearing area of the Laxmangarh town are also very rich in heritage. The PEER Baba ki Samadi located in the revenue village of Alkhpura Bogan near Hapas is also a 300 years old monument. The monument is a place of worship for both the Hindus and Muslims of the area. The great fair is organised every year on the sixth of Bhadarpad (Hindi Month). Large number of people participate in the fair. The area is arid ridden and the main source of their income is agriculture. The agriculture is based on the monsoon rains. The average rain fall in the are is also very less. Certain farmers are now constructing tubewells in the area for irregation purposes. The haweli belonging to JAJODIA family is also there. Although lot of members of Jajodia family have left to varous part of India and Nepal for further progress. Properties belonging to them are still there in Large numbers but unathourised capture by muslim communities is at large. The large work force is also migrated to gulf countries as labour and earning their livilihood. Ceratin people of the area are also engaged in the Hawala business. The Hawala operators and the money pumped in by these gulf eraners thorugh these operator, impair the fair assessment of the income of the people. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Laxmangarh had a population of 47,288. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Laxmangarh has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 47%. In Laxmangarh, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. The depleting sex ratio in the area is a cause of great concern. The area around Laxmangarh is Jat dominated demography of the area has wide differences and the male, female ratio below 15 years is 1000:650-725. The crime rate is also increasing in the area and the youth is indulging in the heinous crimes like murder and serious social crimes like trade of illegal liquor and other narco substances. Education Laxmangarh is also known for the Mody Institute of Education and Research (M.I.E.R) located on the west of city just on the National Highway-11. The college is devoted to the girls education and the students from all over India are admitted to the college on first come first served basis. There are some other colleges as- Shri B.D. Todi PG & Bed. College. Vinayak College, trilok singh college, goenka college . The town is an age old hub for education and various private colleges and schools are mushrooming. The private schools are upcoming like water bubble, but lake quality education on the academic as well as social fronts. In Laxmangarh, the percentage of professionals like Chartered Accountants, advocates and professors is minimal in comparisan to Total Population of Laxmangarh. Many Famous and Reputed CAs are working at prominent places worldwide. CA Rakesh Joshi, CA Puneet Pansari, CA Vishnu Sharma and many others inspire the young commerce students of Laxmangarh Town. As far the advocate class is concerned the, local courts are manned by them. Advocate Ram Niwas Mund,Imran Pathan Advocate & Legal consultant Associate with nation & International Law firms Specially in Gulf countries he have offices in laxmangarh , Jaipur, Dubai ,http://www.facebook.com/Advocate.Imran . Virendra Dotasra Chiranji Jat, mahipal Godara are the prominent in the area. H R Dhaka is an advocate and consultant and has high reputation in the corridors of consultancy services. Apart of this Raghu Sharma M.Sc. in physics currently associated with GIER lakshmangarh. Moreover, Dr.

Deepak Shrivastava, graduate from the B. D. Todi college working on a miraculous alga Spirulina as a Sr.Scientist with a reputed Biotech Company associated with IIMSAM, United Nation. The youth of the area is attracted towards armed forces and a large number of young blood form part of all the three organs of the services. There are many young of the Laxmangrah who raised the name of the town in world map for their bravery and valour. Losal Losal is a city and a municipality in Sikar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography Los l is loc ted t 2724N 7455E / 27.4N 74.92E / 27.4; 74.92[1]. It has an average elevation of 410 metres (1345 feet). Losal is divided into 25 wards. An Education town in sikar dist. Losal ( Sikar) Losal is holy land of Baba Parmanand and Baba Raghuver Das ji.Baba Parmanand was famous sait of shekhawati. There are a senior boys school in memory of late seth shri Ded Raj Khetan. almost 50 school or colleges in losal. total population of losal almost 26000 or almost 18000 students in losal. Ramesh C. Bugalia Bugalia Bhawan, Dhod Road, LOSAL Dist. Sikar (Rajasthan) Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Losal had a population of 25,355. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Losal has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 44%. In Losal, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Neem-Ka-Thana Neem-Ka-Thana is a city and a municipality in Sikar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is one of the six tehsils of the district. papra colony is great because road, infrastructure,water supply is very good in this colony & 100% people in this colony are educated and most of them are teacher. KAIRWALI is a Great village in the tehsil.Ganeshwar the hostorical village of chalcolithic period is situated 12 km from neem ka thana. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Neem-Ka-Thana had a population of 250000. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Neem-Ka-Thana has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 56%. In Neem-Ka-Thana, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. In the state of Rajasthan one finds no dearth of cities and towns that have flourished here by leaps and bounds. Among several cities Neem-Ka-Thana is significant. its location in the district of Sikar of the same Indian state. In fact it has acclaimed the status of being one of the 6 tehsils that have grown here. For supervising its administration a municipality also has been set up. Without knowing the demographical updates of a town or city it becomes impossible for any one to gain acquaintance with it in the true sense. In order to collect enough information a handful of demographers have devoted majority of time and energy. Amongst enormous reports that were prepared afterwards one cannot fail to mention the name of census report of a particular year. It was issued out in the year 2001 and depicted facts like literacy rates, population status etc. As per this report , Neem-Ka-Thana has shown a population counting of 29,544. Following the same tradition of the nation , females are less in number than males. Thus male populace constitutes 53 % of the population. 47 % is population of females in Neem-Ka-Thana. In Neem-Ka-Thana, 16 % of the total population is below six years of age. The scholars have regarded literacy condition as a yardstick for measuring progress and growth of a specific town. One can also collect data from this report as well. According to this report, the literacy rate of Neem-Ka-Thana has been measured to be 67 %. Thus it is even higher than that of the Indian continent, which constitutes 59.5 %. Moreover a gap exists between male and female literacy rates of Neem-Ka-Thana. Male literacy rate constitutes 77 %, which has rightly proven the inclination of males towards education and learning. In comparison female literacy is much less thus constitutes 56 %. Few lines can be added from the standpoint of the district as a whole. Agriculture is one of the sources of income of the district people. Principal crops include wheat, bajra, red chillies,pulses, groundnuts, barley, gram, rapeseed, and mustard. Being a part of the district it is natural that people of Neem-Ka-Thana too stride into their footsteps as we Neem ka Thana has a lot of schools and colleges. It has an Income tax department, a court and has good connectivity to other places also through road and railways as well. Ramgarh Ramgarh famous as "Ramgarh Sethan" is a city and a municipality in Sikar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Contents Geography/ Demographics/ History/ Origin/ The Breathtaking Beauty of The Town/ People and Living Standard/ Special Exit Gates/ Places of interest/ Current Conditions/ Source of Information Geography R mg rh is loc ted t 2355N 7357E / 23.92N 73.95E / 23.92; 73.95[1]. It has an average elevation of 121 metres (396 feet). Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Ramgarh had a population of 28,431. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Ramgarh has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 48%. In Ramgarh, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. History Ramgarh was founded in 1791 by the Poddar family and it was one of the richest towns in 19th century India. late freedom fighter and social worker Shree Gorakh Ram Ji Varma (Netaji) was born in 1901 in this town. Origin The story of Ramgarh's origin is rather interesting. It so happened that in Churu, which was a part of the Bikaner state, a particular Poddar clan rose to great prominence as the main merchant family trading in woollen products. Nothing was wrong with that; trade was the main occupation of the marwaris of Shekhawati. But things became really bad when the state funds dried up and the thakur (chieftain) of Churu imposed a new levy on the wool trade. This obviously angered the Poddars. They thought this was unfair and opposed the hike. But the thakur was adamant too. So the Poddars lifted their bag and baggage and off they went to settle themselves in a new place (see Churu for more). and with the help of the Raja of Sikar, the Poddars founded Ramgarh in 1791. The displaced Poddars then vowed to make Ramgarh so beautiful so as to outdo Churu The Breathtaking Beauty of The Town An English tr veller of the 1830s h s be utifully written th t R mg rh "is singul rly striking nd seems to give re lity to a vision drawn from eastern romance. The buildings are all constructed from kunkur [gr vel grey h rdp n, numerous h ndsome houses of the seths [businessmen some of which are on a magnificent scale, ornamented and painted in various devices outwardly; the neat high wall and gateways and the cupolard chhutrees [cenotaphs] in the suburb in contrast with the desert around, altogether exhibit a scene deserving to be allied with enchantment." But that was more than a century and a half back. Now the town clearly shows signs of aging. However, that does nt m ke

Ramgarh less interesting; old is beautiful. and in any case, Ramgarh boasts of more paintings than any other town in Shekhawati. Ramgarh is one of the best places in Shekhawati to buy antiques and replicas, especially ornate Rajasthani woodwork, although the prices rent too che p. People and Living Standard Population here is mix of all regions. The famous communities in Ramgarh are Poddar's, Ruia's, Khetan's and Agrawal's. All these rich of Ramgarh are now big businessmen in Mumbai, India[citation needed]. They have their own set-up of various businesses. There was a time when Ramgarh was famous for the business of Handicrafts, but now this is very minimal. Special Exit Gates Ramgarh has an unique built structure, it has three exit gates on the three different directions, Fatehpur Gate, Churu Gate and Bissau Gate. All these three different gates are named as per the neighbor towns. Places of interest Hotel Ramgarh Fresco The Ramgarh Fresco, formerly known as the Khemka Haveli, has been renovated and converted into a boutique hotel. The haveli is profusely covered with frescoes. The paintings are truly captivating and at the same time offer a bizarre variety. It has 14 rooms, ranging from a cosy single room to opulent suites. The rooms are spread interestingly across the property. Candlelight rooftop dinners with Rajasthani cuisine and a caf offering Indian and continental dishes; an internet caf and a massage parlour are among the facilities available. The hotel is conveniently located at walking distance from the towns v rious ttr ctions. Chhatris The most beautiful structure in Ramgarh is perhaps the opulent Ram Gopal Poddar Chhatri. As its name suggests, it was built by the Poddars. It came up in 1872 and has some great murals, especially in the dome. The scenes fall into three broad groups the Ramayana, the life of Krishna and ragamala paintings (illustrating the musical notes). Chhatris, usually consisting of a cluster of pavilions, are a common sight in princely Rajasthan where they were built to commemorate a dead hero. But the Poddar chhatri is so elaborate that it could very well pass for a palace! and would you believe it, there are a whopping 500 murals all over it! The Ramayana Chhatri is more modest, but richer in paintings. It has a beautiful collection of murals in maroon and blue showing scenes from the epic Ramayana. Exquisite Havelis (mansions) Thanks to the wealthy Poddars and their inflated ego, Ramgarh is also blessed with over a dozen beautiful havelis (mansions). The Bashashwarlal Poddar Haveli is one of them, and a fine double one at that. It was probably built in the glorious 1830s, with good ochre paintings of floral designs. Across the road are the ruins of the first haveli built in the region. Near this is the haveli of the particularly prosperous family of Tarachand Ghanshyamdas Poddar, which has a beautifully painted room. But the building is generally kept locked. The Anant Ram Poddar Double Haveli and the Jagannath Poddar Double Haveli are some of the others in the region. The two Ruia Havelis are also worth seeing. The Ruias, who were also a merchant family, managed to grow very important in this Poddar dominated town as the century progressed. Their havelis were built around 1890 and were painted with murals of red and blue of Indians and the British. Temple Attractions Ramgarh has some nice temples too. The Ganga Temple is the finest one here, built by a Poddar. and in 1845, it cost as much as 32,000 rupees! But that's not surprising, as the Poddars' main purpose was to make Ramgarh flashier than Churu. But sadly, antique dealers have ruined the place; they've mercilessly torn beautiful pieces off the walls in many places. The Ganga Temple has suffered too; the adjoining dharamshala (rest house) has all its woodwork torn off. Anyway, there are some good murals on the outer walls of the temple. The complex is interesting, with lots of arches that you could weave your way through. The little Shani Temple, devoted to the Saturn god, was built by a Khemka family in 1840. The outside wears a somewhat weathered look, but the inside is a glorious concord of murals and mirror work. The murals, rich in ultramarine, are of varied subjects, though the colour has worn off in some places. The Hanuman Temple was built by the Ruias in about 1885. It is an interesting building with a passage running under it. Locals might call the temple a different name, the Lal Kuan Mandir (the Red Well Temple), probably because of a well somewhere in the premises which was painted red. The vaulted ceiling in front of the shrine had some fine murals, but they have been destroyed badly due to moisture. The Natwar Niketan, Ram-Lakshman Temple and the Surekha Dharamshala are some of the other monuments. Current Conditions The current Chairman of the town is Mr.Devendra Kumar Chotia, who is putting lot of efforts to develop this small town to get its old reign back. Source of Information Any information about Ramgarh may be obtained from [1] Reengus Reengus is a town in Sikar District of Rajasthan in India. It is 63 km from Jaipur. Reengus is mainly famous due to its proximity to Khatushyamji. Many devotees travel their path on own foot with full enthusiasm. One way from Reengus goes to Jaipur, second way goes to Sikar, and a third ways goes to Shrimadhopur. There is a temple of Khatushyamji at Reengas. There is a dharmshala near the temple that provides accommodation to the travelers . The town also has a girl's college . There is a well established railway station on the meter gauge railway. The most important trains running through are the Bhopal - Ajmer Express, Indore Ajmer Express, Ratlam - Ajmer Express, Chetak Express and Shekhawati Express. In Reengus, there is a famous temple of Bhairava, where a good number of pilgrims turn out. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Reengus had a population of 22,928. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Reengus has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 48%. In Reengus, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Sri Madhopur Sri Madhopur is a city and a municipality in Sikar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.It is one of the six tehsils of the district.The town is a market place for agricultural produce of the surrounding area. The Delhi-Mumbai freight corridor will be passing through this town. The basic architecture of this town is similar to Jaipur - "the pink city". The town gets its name from Sawai Madho Singh. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Sri Madhopur had a population of 28,480. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sri Madhopur has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 55%. In Sri Madhopur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. and Sasural of deepak.there are most tample of lord ganesh, krishna and hanumaan etc Dausa district Dausa District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The city of Dausa is the district headquarters. Dausa District has a population of 1,316,790 (2001 census), an area of 2950 km, and a population density of 384 persons per km with 62.75 % literacy rate. It is bounded on the north by Alwar District, on the northeast by Bharatpur District, on the southeast by Karauli District, on the south by Sawai Madhopur District, and on the west by Jaipur District. The district is divided into five tehsils, Baswa, Dausa, Lalsot, Mahwa and Sikrai. The Sawa and Ban Ganga rivers run through the district. It is situated on National Highway no.11 From Jaipur to Agra. It is 100 km to the east of Jaipur. In Tehsil Mahwa there is a Gram Panchayat, Kherla Bujurg, it is famous for a record which was made during an election of member for legislative assembly Mahwa seat for Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha. All three candidates from National parties were resident of this village, all of these three were from

same cast (Gurjar), all were advocate by there profession. Eventually Hari Singh Gurjar was elected. BBC news services broadcasted a special programme about it. Dausa is named after a nearby hill called Devgiri. On the top of hill is situated a fort, built by Badgujar Kings, who were the orininal rulers of this place. Later, Dausa was given by Chauhans to Kachwahas, but the centre of their power shifted to Amber. When Akbar went to Ajmer as a pilgrim to Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti in 1562, he stayed in Dausa and met with Rupsi Baragi, Hakim of Dausa at the time and brother of Bharmal. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Dausa. The main crops of the district are wheat, bajra, rapeseed, mustard and groundnuts. Statistical Data Dausa is the largest district of Rajasthan according to area. Based on information displayed on Dausa's official website. Population 12345 Male Female Total Population % Growth over 1991 Female/Male Ratio 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 Rural 621591 559654 1181245 32.85 900 Urban 71847 63971 135818 29.05 890 Total 693438 623625 1317063 32.44 899 D us (Dev ng r: ) is a town in Rajasthan state of western India. It is the administrative headquarters of Dausa District. It is 55 km from Jaipur and situated at NH-11. It is also known as "Dev Nagari." Contents:- History/Geography/Demographics History Dausa District was constituted on 10th April 1991 by separating 4 tehsils, namely Dausa, Baswa, Sikrai & Lalsot of Jaipur district. Mahwa Tehsil of Sawai Madhopur was included in this district on 15th August 1992. The city of Dausa is situated in the north-eastern region of Rajasthan, a region widely known as Dhundhar. The Chauhan ruled this land in 10th Century AD.[1] Dausa was an important political place for Dhundhar region. The Kachwaha ruler Raja Sodh Dev who came from Gwalior ruled this region during 996 to 1006 AD, and his son Dulha Rao ruled for 30 years. The Kachwahas' capital was later moved to Amber. Dausa has given prominent freedom fighters to the nation. Late Shri Tikaram Paliwal & Late Shri Ram Karan Joshi were amongst the freedom fighters who gave their valuable contribution for fight for independence and for amalgamation of the Princely States to form Rajasthan State. Late Shri Tikaram Paliwal was the First elected Chief Minister of Rajasthan in 1952 after independence. Also, Late Shri Ram Karan Joshi was the First Panchayati Raj Minister of the Rajasthan state who submitted the First Panchayati Raj Bill in the Vidhansabha in 1952. The famous poet of the traditional worship by poetry, Sant Sunderdas was born on Chaitra Shukla Navami in Vikram Samvat 1653 in Dausa. He was a renowned Nirgun Panthi Sant and wrote 42 famous Grantha, out of which Gyan Sundaram & Sunder Vilas are famous. The district has many places that are turning out to be good for tourism. Some of them are Abhaneri(Chand Bawri) and Hotel Bhadrawati palace at Bhandarej. Bhandarej is around 10 KM far from Dausa and famous for Bhadrawati palaca and Bawdi.The Bawdi is very famous because of its ancient importance, and it is said that it was built by some spirits in only a time of night. Geography D us is loc ted t 2653N 7620E / 26.88N 76.33E / 26.88; 76.33.[2] It has an average elevation of 333 metres (1072 feet). It is one of the 7 Districts of Jaipur division and is surrounded by Jaipur, Alwar, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Bharatpur and Tonk. The total area is 3404.78 km2 in roughly C shape tampering towards east and west at corners. The soil of the district is yellowish to dark brown dominantly fine textured, generally suitable for all type of crops. The mountain ranges in Dausa are part of North Aravalli range. Banganga and Morel are the major rivers in the area, these rivers have dried now and there are 36 dams. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[3] Dausa had an urban population of 61,589. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Dausa has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 65.4%: male literacy is 76% and, female literacy is 54%. In Dausa, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bandikui Bandikui is a city and a municipality in Dausa district in the state of Rajasthan, India. History Text document with red question mark.svg This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (June 2010) Bandikui is an old town made famous during the British rule. It is located close to the Jaipur Agra Highway in Dausa district in North Eastern Rajasth n. The first tr in link in R j sth n w s est blished from B ndikui to Agr Fort.Th ts why its lso c lled the r ilw y ci ty. It is very well known in Rajasthan for its handmade items that are famous across Northern India. Its a major agricultural center and a major erstwhile railway junction for trains travelling between Eastern Rajasthan, UP, Haryana and Delhi. The British established a market here, called Angreji Bazaar (British Market). There is a beautiful, well maintained and grand British Era church, near the railway station, called The St. Francis Church. There are also some grand British era bangalows. Bandikui is also famous for its well designed maps. Abhaneri (Abha Nagri or the city of brightness) is an important tourist place located 7 km to the South-East of Bandikui. Abhaneri is believed to be established by Gurjar Pratihar king Samrat Mihir Bhoj. Abhaneri is famous for 1) Chand Bawri - is a popular step well in Abhaneri. It is quite large and is located close to the Harshat Mata Temple. It remains one of India's deepest and largest step wells 2) Harshad Mata Temple - is a important temple raised in the 10th century. Harshat Mata is considered to be the goddess of joy and happiness. Both Chand Baori and Harshad Mata Temple are known for their stone architecture. Jhajirampura, is a beautiful picnic spot located about 11 km from Bandikui near Baswa. It is famous for a stone Gaumukh (cows mouth). Water comes out of this stone Gaumukh 24/7 all year round. There is a big lotus garden associated with the Gaumukh. Mehndipur Balaji, a highly revered Hindu religious site dedicated to Lord Hanuman is about 25 km from Bandikui. Sikandra, famous for its traditional Rajasthani shoes and stone carving industry is only about 12 km and falls on the main Agra-Jaipur National Highway 11. NH 11 also passes through Balaji Mor. A well maintained State Highway 25 connects Sikandra on Jaipur-Agra highway to Alwar via Bandikui. Kalakho Lake is a famous lake located right on the Jaipur-Agra Highway about 25 km from Bandikui just outside Dausa. It has a large palace i.e. Umaid Lake Palace which is now converted to a resort and a lake known for its bird life. for more information dail 09829668816 Lalsot Lalsot is a city and a municipality in Dausa district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.

Contents:-Demographics/Geography/History/Battle of Lalsot/Hella Khyal Dangal Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Lalsot had a population of 28,278. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Lalsot has an average literacy rate of 59%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 46%. In Lalsot, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Geography L lsot is loc ted t 2634N 7620E / 26.57N 76.33E / 26.57; 76.33[2]. It has an average elevation of 298 metres (977 feet). History Battle of Lalsot Rajputs and Marathas fought a pitched battle in May 1787 called the Battle of Lalsot. Such was the state of things when the ascendancy of Mahadji Scindia received a signal from the combined forces of Marwar and Jaipur and the of Lalsot in which the Maratha chief was defeated. It was the signal for the Rajputs to resume their alienated territory. Nor was the Rana of Mewar backward on the occasion when there a momentary gleam of the active virtue of past days. Maldas Mehta was civil minister of Mewar with Mauji Ram as his deputy, both men of talent and energy. They first effected the reduction of Nimbahera and the smaller garrisons of Marathas in its vicinity who from a sense of common danger assembled their detachments in Jawad which was also invested. Sivaji Nana the governor capitulated and was allowed to march out with his 442 effects. At the same time the sons of the Kal Megh of Thikana Begun -Mewar assembling drove the Marathas from Begun, Singoli etc and the districts on the plateau while the Choondawats redeemed their ancient fief of Rampura and thus for a while the whole territory was recovered. Elated by success the united chiefs advanced to Chardu on the banks of the Rarkia a streamlet dividing Mewar from Malwa preparatory to further operations. Had these been confined to the maintenance of the places they had taken and which had been withheld in violation of treaties complete success might have crowned their efforts but in including Nimbahera in their capture they drew upon them the energetic Ahilya Bai, the regent queen of the Holkar State, who unluckily for them was at hand and who coalesced with Sindhia's partisans. Hella Khyal Dangal On the Festival of Ganguar Lalsot witnesses Hella Khyal Sangit Dangals-A tradition of past 250 years. This is place of persons who have unique identified across the world for their behavior. Mahwa Mahwa is a census town in Dausa district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Demographics Mahwa is town in Duasa district, 120 km from jaipur situated on NH-11. As of 2001[update] India census[1], Mahwa had a population of 19,558. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mahwa has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72%, and female literacy is 47%. In Mahwa, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age. 3 km from Mahwa, there is a very famous village by the name of Barkhara. Mandawar Mandawar is a census town in Dausa district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Geography M nd w r is loc ted t 2435N 7615E / 24.58N 76.25E / 24.58; 76.25. It has an average elevation of 343 metres (1125 feet). THE FIRST ELECTED CHIEF MINISTER OF RAJASTHAN SH. TIKARAM PALIWAL BELONGS TO MANDAWAR....HE WAS THE FFREEDOM FIGHTER ALSO. The town is well connected with rail route with Jaipur and Agra. Two major superfast trains "Udaipur - Gwalior Express 2965/2966" and "Marudhar Express from Jodhpur to Varanasi" stop here. Passenger trains are also available between Bandikui and Agra. Roads connect the town to Alwar via Rajgarh and Karauli via Mahua. National Highway Number 11 from Agra to Bikaner just pass thorugh Mahua which is 15 km away from the town. The highway is four lane between Agra and Jaipur. Buses are available in big number to Jaipur and Agra and most of the cities of Rajasthan. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[1], Mandawar had a population of 10,108. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mandawar has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 57%. In Mandawar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Barmer district Barmer ( ) is a district of Rajasthan state, India. Barmer is the district headquarters. Balotra, Guda Malani, Baytoo, Siwana, Jasol and Chohatan are other major towns. Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ People and Culture/ Administration/ Oil in Thar/2006 floods/ Underground Airbase Geography Barmer is located in the western part of the state forming a part of the Thar Desert. The district is surrounded by Jaisalmer district in the north, Jalore district in the south, Pali district and Jodhpur district in the east and Pakistan in the west. The tot l re of the district is 28387 km. The district is loc ted between 24,58 to 26, 32N L titudes nd 70, 05 to 72, 52 E Longitudes. Demographics According to the Indian census 2001, the Barmer district's population is 1,963,758. The population constitutes 1,035,813 male, while females are 927,945. Hence sex ratio is 896 females per 1000 males, while density of population 69 persons per km. Literacy rate is 59.65%. Urban population is 145,241, while rural population is 1,818,517. People and Culture Barmer district is part of the Great Indian Desert or Thar Desert. Like all other districts in the desert region, Barmer is known for its folk music and dance. The Bhopas (priest singers) are found in Barmer, who compose music in honour of the deities of the region and its war heroes. The other folk musicians come from a community called the Muslim Dholis (drummers) for most of whom this is the only means of livelihood. Langas and Manganiars are the some of these communities. Barmer is famous for its carved wooden furniture and hand block printing industry. This area is best visited to gain an insight into the desert life and admire the decorative skills of the simple village folk. The villagers have some of the most beautiful mud huts that are decorated with delicate folk motifs. Jasol, Juna Burmer, Khed, kiradu, Mallonath Fair (Cattle Fair), Meva Nagar (Nakoda), Kanana (sheetla fair) Neemari are the prime attractions of the district. Tilwara cattle fair is a popular fair visited by thousands of tourists every year. People speak mostly Rajasthani Language, while Hindi is the official language here. English language also run here as an extra language and to help the tourists. Administration There are total 4 Sub-divisions in the district and 8 Tehsils: Barmer, Baytoo, Chohtan, Gudha Malani, Pachpadra, Ramsar, Sheo and Siwana. Total 1941 villages are there in the Barmer District, comes under Eight Panchayat Samitis. Some of the villages are Hemaguda, Dhorimanna,

Pachpadra, Jasol, Shiv, Chohtan, Sindari, Nakoda, Munabao, Ramsar, Bishala, Jharwa - (Rauaniyo Thoriyo Ki Dhani), Chooli, Bhadresh, Samdari, Baitu, Ranigaon, Gudamalani, Gunga, Sedwa, Kalyanpur, Gadra Road, Kavas, Mokalsar, Padru, Sanawara, Siwana, Parlu, kanana etc. Oil in Thar Presently the Barmer district is in news due to its large Oil basin. The British exploration company Cairn Energy is going to start the production soon in the year 2009 on the large scale. Mangala, Bhagyam and Aishwariya are the major oil fields in the district. This is India's biggest oil discovery in 22 years. Cairn works in partnership with state owned Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).[1] Cairn holds 70% in the field, while state-run ONGC holds the remaining 30%. In March 2010, Cairn increased oil potential from this field to 6.5 billion barrels of oil from an earlier estimate of 4 billion barrels.[2] 2006 floods In August 2006, the usually drought prone Barmer district was hit by flash floods. As of August 27, 2006, 103 deaths had been reported in Rajasthan due to floods. Many people (about 1200) died in this flood. The village of Kawas is still under the effect of flood. The water level as on 06th-March-2007 is about 3 feet to 10 feet in Kawas. People are living in Camps. The loss included the death of 75,194 cattle and damage to Kharif crop worth Rs. 1,300 crores.[3]. Many villages in the district remained submerged under water for few days. Underground Airbase Uttarlai military airbase is situated in Barmer district, Uttarlai is India's first under ground airbase. India can counter any insurgency into India by Pakistan. The Battle of Longewala (December 4, 1971 - December 5, 1971) was one of the first major engagements in the Western Sector during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, fought between assaulting Pakistani forces and Indian defenders at the Indian border post of Longewala, in the Thar Desert of the Rajasthan state in India. The Indian infantry company (reinforced) was left with the choices of either attempting to hold out until reinforced, or fleeing on foot from a mechanised infantry Pakistani force, choosing the former. The company officer commanding ensured that all his assets were correctly employed, and made the most use of his strong defensive position, and weaknesses created by errors in enemy tactics. He was also fortunate in that an Indian Air Force forward air controller was able to secure and direct aircraft in support of the post's defence until reinforcements arrived six hours later. The Pakistani commanders made several bad decisions, including failure of strategic intelligence to foresee availability of Indian strike aircraft in the Longewala area from Uttarlai air-force base as Barmer is a border town. Barmer ( ) is the headquarters of the Barmer district in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is a city and a municipality. Contents:-Origin of name/Demographics/Geography/Tourism Origin of name The name Barmer is derived from the ruler Bahada Rao Parmar (Panwar) or Bar Rao Parmar (Panwar) who is said to have founded the town in the 13th century, when it w s n med B h d mer (The Hill Fort of B h d ). j sol vill ge of b rmer temp le of m jis Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[1] Barmer had a population of 83,517. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Barmer has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 63% of the males and 37% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age. In 2008 barmer's estimated populaton is 104000. Geography B rmer is loc ted t 2545N 7123E / 25.75N 71.38E / 25.75; 71.38.[2] It has an average elevation of 227 metres (744 feet). The total area of B rmer district is 28387 km. The whole district lies between 2458 - 2632 N nd 705 7252. On its north is J is lmer, to the south is Jalore, and Pali and Jodhpur are to the east. Pakistan is 270 km to the west. Barmer district is 3,727 ft (1,136 m) above sea level and 22 km in length. The longest river in the district is the Luni. It is 480 km in length and drain into the Gulf of Kutch passing through Jalore. The variation in temperature in various seasons is quite high. In summers the temperature soars to 46 C to 51 C. In winters it drops to 0C (41 F). Primarily Barmer district is a desert where average rainfall in a year is 277 mm. However, extreme rainfall of 549 mm rain between 16 August and 25 August 2006 left many dead and huge losses due to flood in a nearby town kawas and whole town submerged. As many as 20 new lakes formed, and 6 covered an area of over 10 km. Barmer is the second largest district of rajasthan. Tourism To the immediate west of the city lie the remains of Juna or Juna Barmer and to the south are the ruins of three Jain temples. There is an inscription dated 1295 AD on one of the pillars of the hall of the largest temple at Juna. This mentions a Maharajakula Sri Samanta Sinha Deva ruling Barmer at the time. Barmer is famous for its carved wooden furniture and hand block printing industry, woolen industries, gaur industries, oil. There are number of festivals held in Barmer, the most famous of which is a cattle fair held every year at Tilwara village situated on the banks of the Luni river. The fair goes on for a fortnight in the months of March and April. The other major festival is the Barmer Thar Festival, started as a practice to enhance the tourism potential of this town. During the annual Barmer festival in March, the town is at its colourful best and that is the best time to visit Barmer. Siwana fort is a very old fort. it is at about 1000 years old.In local language it's name 'GADH SIWANA'. Balotra Balotra is a city in Barmer District of Rajasthan state in India. It is about 100 km from Jodhpur. The town is famous for hand block printing and textile industry and for an annual desert and tribal fair at Tilwara. The town is well connected with Jodhpur by rail and buses at frequent intervals. Night buses to Ahmedabad are also available . From Balotra towards Jalore (14 km) there is India's Third Brahma Temple in the village of Asotra. Famous Rani Bhatiyaniji temple is also here in village named Jasol 4 km from Balotra. About 13 km away from Balotra is located the famous Jain Temple Nakoda. The place receives religious devotees from across India. The town is home to more than 1000 textile units and is located on the coast of the river Luni. Contents:-Geography/Textile industries/Demographics/Education/Tourism Geography B lotr is loc ted t 2550N 7214E / 25.83N 72.23E / 25.83; 72.23.[1] It has an average elevation of 106 metres (347 feet). Textile industries For 40 years, Balotra has been known as a leading centre in India for processing and trading of various types of fabrics. In particular, Balotra is famous for its dyeing and printing of Cotton and Polyester fabrics. It is estimated that around 30,000 workers are employed in Balotra in the textile industry. In recent times, Balotra has emerged as a leading town in Western Rajasthan, with a number of colleges, modern factories, high standards of living with mobile, broadband, IPTV connections and improved transportation services including major train and bus connections. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Balotra had a population of 61,724. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Balotra has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 63% of the males and 37% of females literate. 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Education Balotra has good educational facilities.Government Colleges for boys and girls are located in the heart of the city. Govt. I.T.I and Govt. Polytechnic college are also situated in the outskirts of the city. Student from nearby villages come here to pursue their further studies. A large number of schools for secondary, primary education with well-equipped facilities. Tourism Amongst the many tourist sights in the area are the Nakoda Temple,khed Temple, Mata Rani Bhatiyani Temple at Jasol, Brahma Ji Temple at Asotra, the Bithuja Temple, Chonch Mandir, the Khed Temple, Tilwara Malinath Temple, Hinglaj Temple Siwana, and Santoshi Maa Temple. Siwana Siwana is a village in Barmer district in Indian state of Rajasthan, located 151 km from Barmer. The place is known for its fort. Demographics According to the Indian Census 2001, population of Siwana is 21,155, where male population is 11,154 and female population is 10,001. [1] Fort Famous Fort Siwana or Gadh Siwana is situated on a hilltop. The fort was built by a famous Rajput ruler Raja Bhoj s son Veern r y n, who t one stage controlled much of Barmer and had close ties with the Solanki dynasty of Gujarat. The fort is not in the best of condition now however it still houses a beautiful pond. The fort fell to forces of Alauddin Khilji in 1308. When Alauddin Khilji, the Sultan of Delhi, besieged the fort the people led by Sutal Deo mounted a heroic defence. To commemorate this ancient event an annual fair called the Kalyan Singh Ka Mela is still held within the precincts of the fort in the month of Shravan (July-Aug). Later, in the period 1318-20, Luntiga Chauhan stormed the fort of Siwana and slaughtered its Muslim garrison. No Sultan of Delhi tried to recover this fort. Siwana is also famous for mines producing fine quality of granite. Jaisalmer district Jaisalmer District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The city of Jaisalmer is the administrative headquarters of the district. Contents:- Geography/ Demographics/ Administrative Set-up/ Tourism Geography Thar desert It is the largest district of Rajasthan and third largest in the country in area. Jaisalmer District lies in the Thar Desert, which straddles the border of India and Pakistan. It is bounded on the northeast by Bikaner District, on the east by Jodhpur District, on the south by Barmer District, and on the west and north by Pakistan. The district is loc ted within rect ngle lying between 26.4 28.23' North parallel and 69.20'-72.42' east meridians. The length of international border attached to the district is 471 km. Jaisalmer is almost entirely a sandy waste, forming a part of the great Indian desert. The general aspect of the area is that of an interminable sea of sandhills, of all shapes and sizes, some rising to a height of 150 ft. Those in the west are covered with log bushes, those in the east with tufts of long grass. Water is scarce, and generally brackish; the average depth of the wells is said to be about 250 ft. There are no perennial streams, and only one small river, the Kakni, which, after flowing a distance of 28 m., spreads over a large surface of flat ground, and forms a lake orjhil called the Bhuj-Jhil. The climate is dry and healthy. Throughout Jaisalmer only raincrops, such as bajra, joar, motif, til, etc., are grown; spring crops of wheat, barley, etc., are very rare. Owing to the scant rainfall, irrigation is almost unknown. Demographics According to Indian census 2001, Jaisalmer district's population is 5,08,247. Male constitutes 2,79,101 while females are 2,29,146. Most of the population is rural only i.e. 4,31,853 while urban population is only 15.03% of total population i.e. 76,394. Population density of the district is very low of 13 per km2. Literacy of the district is 51.4%, where male literacy level is 66.89% and female literacy level is 32.25%. Sex ration is 821 Female per 1000 of Males. Administrative Set-up Jaisalmer district have three sub-divisions: Jaisalmer, Pokaran and Fatehgarh. With the same name, these are also the three tehsils of district. Jaisalmer and Pokaran are the Nagar Palikas, while 744 villages comes under 128 Gram Panchayats. The developmental activities of the district are being looked after by three Panchayat Samities, i.e. Jaisalmer, Sam and Sankra.Jhinjhinyali is gram panchayat in sam samity. Jhinjhinyali 100 km away from jaisalmer hq. Tourism Jaisalmer is the largest foreign tourist attractor district in the Rajasthan. Per year about 2,76,887 tourists visit the district and out of which about 1 Lakh tourists are foreigners only. Some of the tourist attractions in the Jaisalmer are: * Fort & inside fort-Jain Temples ,Royal Palace & two heritage havelis (haveli shreenath ,haveli suraj) * Patwa Havelies. * S lim Singhs H veli. * N thm ls h veli. * Madir Palace (Tazia Tower). * Gadsisar Lake. * Govt. museum & the folk museum. * Thar desert Every year Desert festival is being celebrated for the tourists. Ramdevra is also a big attraction for the Baba Ramdevji's pilgrims. Jaysalmer About this sound pronunciation (helpinfo) (Rajasthani: ), nicknamed "The Golden City", is a town in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located 575 kilometres (357 mi) west from the state capital Jaipur. It was once known as Jaisalmer state. The town stands on a ridge of yellowish sandstone, crowned by a fort, which contains the palace and several ornate Jain temples. Many of the houses and temples are finely sculptured. It lies in the heart of the Thar Desert and has a population of about 78,000. It is the administrative headquarters of Jaisalmer District. Contents:- Origin of name/ Location/ History/ Medieval period/ Princely Jaisalmer/ Geography/ Economy/ Transport/ Demographics/ Tourism/ Visitor attractions/ Jaisalmer Fort/ Havelis/ Jain heritage of Jaisalmer/ Museums/ Other/ In neighbourhood/ Desert festival Origin of name Jaisalmer is named after its founder Rao Jaisal Yadav king.[1] "Jaisalmer" means "the Hill Fort of Jaisal". Jaisalmer is sometimes called the "Golden City of India" because the yellow sand gives a yellowish-golden tinge to the city and its surrounding area. Location Panorama of Jaisalmer from top of Maharaja Palace District JAISALMER is loc ted within rect ngle lying between 26.4 28.23' North parallel and 69.20'-72.42' east meridians. It is the largest district of Rajasthan and one of the largest in the country. The breadth (East-West) of the district is 270 km and the length (North-South) is 186 km. On the present map, district Jaisalmer is bounded on the north by Bikaner, on the west & south-west by the Pakistani border, on the

south by Barmer and Jodhpur, and on the east by Jodhpur and Bikaner Districts. The length of international border attached to District JAISALMER is 471 km. History For the history of the region, see Jaisalmer state. Jaisalmer city view The majority of the inhabitants of Jaisalmer are Bhatti Rajputs, renowned as a warrior when the tribe. This area was part of Gurjar - Pratihara empire and until the 11th century was ruled by a powerful Bargujar King. Deoraj, a famous prince of the Bhati family, is esteemed the real founder of the Jaisalmer dynasty, and with him the title of rawal commenced. In 1156 Rawal Jaisal,[1] the sixth in succession from Deoraj, founded the fort and city of Jaisalmer, and made it his capital as he moved from his former capital at Lodhruva (which is situated about 15 km to the north-west of Jaisalmer). In 1293, the Bhattis so enraged the emperor Ala-ud-din Khilji that his army captured and sacked the fort and city of Jaisalmer, so that for some time it was quite deserted. Some Bhatti's migrated to Talwandi, now Nankana Sahib in Distt. Nankana Sahib (Punjab, Pakistan) and others settled in Larkana (in Sind, Pakistan)under the name of Bhutto. In Nankana Sahib, the Bhatti Clan can be traced from the lineage of Rai Bhoe and Rai Bular Bhatti. After this there is nothing to record until the time of Rawal Sahal Singh, whose reign marks an epoch in Bhatti history in that he acknowledged the supremacy of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. The Jaisalmer princes had now arrived at the height of their power, but from this time till the accession of Rawal Mulraj in 1762 the fortunes of the state rapidly declined, and most of its outlying provinces were lost. In 1818 Mulraj entered into political relations with the British. Maharawal Salivahan, born in 1887, succeeded to the chiefship in 1891. The Maharajas of Jaisalmer trace their lineage back to Jaitsimha, a ruler of the Bhatti Rajput clan. The major opponents of the Bhati Rajputs were the powerful Rathor clans of Jodhpur and Bikaner. They used to fight battles for the possession of forts, waterholes or cattle. Jaisalmer was positioned strategically and was a halting point along a traditional trade route traversed by the camel caravans of Indian and Asian merchants. The route linked India to Central Asia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, Africa and the West. Medieval period Flag of the princely state of Jaisalmer During the Islamic invasion of India, Jaisalmer escaped direct Muslim conquest due to its geographical situation in the desert region. The Rawals of Jaisalmer agreed to pay an annual tribute to the Delhi Sultans. The first siege of Jaisalmer occurred during the reign of Alauddin Khilji. It was provoked by Bhatis' raid on a caravan filled with treasure. According to local ballads, the Bhatis defended the fort for seven years until the enemy army forced beached the ramparts. Bhatis, facing certain defeat, proclaimed the rite of jauhar. Later, Sultan Ferozshah also sieged Jaisalmer after the rulers of Jaisalmer raided his camp at Anasagar lake near Ajmer. The siege led to another jauhar. Jaitsimha's son Duda perished in the attack. Duda's descendants ruled over Jaisalmer for about two centuries. Duda's descendant Lunakarna had a fight with Humayun when the latter passed through Jaisalmer en route to Ajmer. Mughal emperor Akbar was married to one of the Jaisalmer princesses. Later, Jaisalmer was ruled by a noble called Sabala Simha, who won the patronage of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan for services rendered in his Peshawar campaign. Princely Jaisalmer Facade of a mansion in Jaisalmer Jaisalmer was one of the last states to sign a treaty with the British. During the British Raj, Jaisalmer was the seat of a princely state of the same name, ruled by the Bhati clan of rajputs. The present descendant is Brijraj Singh. Though the city is under the governance of the Government of India, a lot of welfare work is carried out by him and his family. The Royal Family still commands a lot of respect from the people.[citation needed. Traditionally, the main source of income was the levies on the caravans. However, the glory of Jaisalmer faded when Bombay emerged as a port and the sea trade replaced the traditional land routes. The partition of India in 1947 lead to closing of all the trade routes on the Indo-Pak border and rendered Jaisalmer a drought-prone desert backwater on the international border. Ironically, skirmishes between India and Pakistan gave Jaisalmer a strategic importance and made it serviceable as an army supply depot. Later, the Rajasthan Canal served to revive the surrounding desert areas. Roads and railroads were then built, knitting the hitherto remote town with the rest of Rajasthan. Later, the Government of Rajasthan decided to promote Jaisalmer as a tourist destination. Geography Jaisalmer average max. and min. temperatures in F precipitation totals in inches Jaisalmer has an average elevation of 229 metres (751 ft). It is situated near the border of India and Pakistan in West Rajasthan, and covers an area of 5.1 km. The maximum summer temperature is around 41.6 C (106.9 F) while the minimum is 25 C (77 F). The maximum winter temperature is usually around 23.6 C (74.5 F) and the minimum is 7.9 C (46.2 F). The average rainfall is 150 millimetres (5.9 in).[2] Jaisalmer is almost entirely a sandy waste, forming a part of the great Indian desert. The general aspect of the area is that of an interminable sea of sand hills, of all shapes and sizes, some rising to a height of 150 feet (46 m). Those in the west are covered with log bushes, those in the east with tufts of long grass. Water is scarce, and generally brackish; the average depth of the wells is said to be about 250 feet (76 m). There are no perennial streams, and only one small river, the Kakni, which, after flowing a distance of 28 metres (92 ft), spreads over a large surface of flat ground, and forms Lake Orjhil ("The Bhuj-Jhil"). The climate is dry and healthy. Throughout Jaisalmer only raincrops, such as bajra, jawar, motif, til, etc., are grown; spring crops of wheat, barley, etc., are very rare. Owing to the scant rainfall, irrigation is almost unknown. Distances: Jaipur (558 km), Ahmedabad (626 km), Agra (802 km), New Delhi (864 km), Mumbai (1177 km). Economy Bada Bagh Panorama in the afternoon Tourism is a major industry in Jaisalmer. The Government of India initiated departmental exploration for oil in 1955-56 in the Jaisalmer area.[3] Oil India Limited discovered natural gas in 1988 in the Jaisalmer basin.[4] Musicians and dancers are also a major cultural export from Jaisalmer to the rest of the world. Manganyar musicians have played the world over, and Queen Harish,[5] the dancing desert drag queen, is touring the world and has featured in international movies. Jaisalmer is also known for its leather messenger bags, made from wild camels native to the area. Transport Road sign to Bikaner and Jaisalmer Jaisalmer is the terminus of a Broad gauge branch railway of Indian Railways, which joins with the main system at Jodhpur. The Palace on Wheels has a scheduled stop at Jaisalmer. Demographics As of the 2001 India census,[6] Jaisalmer had a population of 58,286. Males constitute 57% of the population and females 43%. Jaisalmer has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 50%. In Jaisalmer, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

The main part of the population lead a wandering life, grazing their flocks and herds. Large herds of camels, horned cattle, sheep and goats are kept. The principal trade is in wool, ghee, camels, cattle and sheep. The chief imports are grain, sugar, foreign cloth, piece-goods. It suffered from famine in 1897, 1900 and other years, to such an extent that it has had to incur a heavy debt for extraordinary expenditure. Tourism While Jaisalmer may always have been remote, it is filled with many artistic structures and monuments of local historical importance. Jaisalmer's medieval mud fortress and walled township make it a popular tourist destination. The surrounding desolate landscape evidences a stark, austere beauty. Camel safaris through the nearby desert dunes are popular with tourists; competition for business is fierce. A few quiet days spent wandering around the town and the surrounding desert can be a wonderful way of unwinding from the chaos of larger Indian cities. Visitor attractions Jaisalmer Fort Jaisalmer Fort sign.jpg Built in 1156 by the Bhati Rajput ruler Jaisal, Jaisalmer Fort is situated on Trikuta Hill and had been the scene of many battles. Its massive sandstone walls are a tawny lion colour during the day, turning to a magical honey-gold as the sun sets. The famous Indian film director Satyajit Ray wrote a detective novel and later turned it into a film Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress) which was based on this fort. This is a living fort and about a quarter of city's population still live inside the fort. The main attractions inside the fort are: Raj Mahal (Royal palace), Jain temples and the Laxminath temple. Havelis Havelis of Jaisalmer, Rajasthan The main havelis in Jaisalmer are: * Patwon-ki-Haveli: Guman Chand Patwa (and later by his five sons), a wealthy merchant belonging to powerful Oswal Jain community and banker who had over three hundred trading centres from Afghanistan to China. This ornate five-storey complex took fifty years to complete. This is the largest, the most magnificent, and the most elaborate of Jaisalmer havelis.[7] * Salam Singh-ki-Haveli: It was built by the scheming Prime Minister Salam Singh in 1815. It has a beautifully arched roof capped with blue cupolas and carved brackets in the form of peacocks. * Nathmalji-ki-Haveli: Built by a Prime Minister of princely state of Jaisalmer. Its facade is a riot of ornamentation: flowers, birds, elephants, soldiers, a bicycle and even a steam engine. * Haveli Shreenath :haveli The Vyas family built this lovely haveli Shreenath Palace - Hotel in Jaisalmer in the 15 th Century, and descendants of this family live here today. Shreenath Palace - Hotel in Jaisalmer was once inhabited by the Prime Minister of Jaisalmer, and guest are invited to stay in these rooms there are only five available for the hotel and join the Vyas family in enjoying this architectural treasure, and feel like aMaharaja for a few days. Some of the doors and ceilings are wonderful examples of old carved wood from many hundreds of years ago. Some of the doors have brass or iron fittings. Jain heritage of Jaisalmer Jaisalmer city has been enriched by its Jain community which has adorned the city with beautiful Jain temples most notably the temples dedicated to 16th Tirthankar Lord Shantinath and 23rd Tirthankar Lord Parshvanath. Jaisalmer boasts some of the oldest libraries of India which contain rarest of the manuscripts & artefacts of Jain tradition. There are many Jain pilgrimage centres around Jaisalmer like Lodarva, Amarsagar, Brahmsar and Pokharan. Museums * Desert Culture Centre & Museum * Jaisalmer Folklore Museum * Government Museum Other * Gadsisar Lake - Excavated in 1367 by Rawal Gadsi Singh, it is a scenic rainwater lake surrounded by small temples and shrines. In neighbourhood * Bhattiani Sati Rani * Bada Bagh * Amar Sagar * Lodhruva * Mool Sagar * Kuldhara * Desert National Park * Sam sand dunes * Khuri village * Akal Wood fossil Park * Bhaniyana * Gadisagar Lake Desert festival This is held over three days in January/February every year. This is the best time to visit Jaisalmer to witness performing arts like Kalbelia dances and folk songs and music. Pokhran Pokhran (also spelled Pokaran) is a city and a municipality located in Jaisalmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is a remote location in the Thar Desert region and served as the test site for India's first underground nuclear weapon detonation. Contents:-Geography/Demographics/Rulers/Landmarks/Nuclear test site/Team of Scientists and Engineers/Atomic Devices/Theoretical yield of Atomic Bomb/Pokhran as a Nuclear Site Geography Pokhr n loc ted t 2655N 7155E / 26.92N 71.92E / 26.92; 71.92.[1] It has an average elevation of 233 metres (764 feet). Surrounded by rocky, sandy and five s lt r nges, Pok r n me ns the pl ce of five mir ges. It is en route both from Jodhpur to J is lmer nd Bikaner to Jaisalmer. Demographics As of 2001[update] India census[2], Pokhran had a population of 19,186. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Pokhran has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 41%. In Pokhran, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age. Rulers * Tomar rulers - King Ajmal Tomar was descendant of Anagpal Tomar of Delhi. His son was Baba Ramdevji

* Seat of Chief of the Champawats, a sub-clan of Rathores of the state of Marwar-Jodhpur. Landmarks Fort Pok r n, the 14th century cit del lso known s B l g rh, st nds midst the Thar Desert. This monument is the premier fort of the chief of the Champawats, the clan of Rathores of the state of Marwar-Jodhpur. The famous, touristic city and fort of Jaisalmer is a couple of hours away by road. Pokharan is a pilgrimage site of Jains. A Jain temple dedicated to 23rd Tirthankar Lord Parshvanath is situated here. There is a Historical Sikh Gurdwara Present at Pokhran called Gurdwara Damdama Sahib. Guru Nanak Dev ji visited this place during his travels. Pohkran Nuclear Test Site Type Nuclear test site Location 270542N 714511E / 27.095N 71.753E / 27.095; 71.753 near Jaisalmer in India Area Unknown Operator Indian Army Status active In use 1970-present Testing Subcritical tests not known Nuclear tests 6 Nuclear test site Pokhran shot into the international limelight on 7 September 1974 when the then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi authorized scientists at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay to detonate an indigenously designed nuclear device. Throughout its development, the device was formally called the "Peaceful Nuclear Explosive", but it was usually referred to as the Smiling Buddha. Team of Scientists and Engineers The team was Headed by Rajagopala Chidambaram. The team consisted of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (Tamil Nadu), P. K. Iyengar (Kerala), Rajagopala Chidambaram (Tamil Nadu), Nagapattinam Sambasiva Venkatesan (Andhra Pradesh) and Dr. Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan (Maharashtra). The project employed no more than 75 scientists and engineers from 1967-1974. Keeping it small served to aid in the preservation of secrecy, according to the researcher Jeffrey Richelson. Atomic Devices The device used a high explosive implosion system, developed at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)'s Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL), Chandigarh, based on the American design from World War II. But the Indian design was simpler and less sophisticated than the American system. The detonation system to detonate implosion devices was developed at the High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) of DRDO at Pune. The 6 kg of plutonium came from the CIRUS reactor at BARC, Trombay, Mumbai (then Bombay). The neutron initiator was a polonium-beryllium type (again like those used in early U.S. bombs of the Fat Man type) code-named "Flower." The complete core was assembled in Trombay before transportation to the test site. Theoretical yield of Atomic Bomb The fully assembled device had a hexagonal cross section, 1.25 m in diameter and weighed 1400 kg. The device was detonated at 8.05 a.m. in a shaft 107 m under the army Pokhran test range in the Thar Desert (or Great Indian Desert), Rajasthan. Coordinates of the crater are [show loc tion on n inter ctive m p 270542N 714511E / 27.095N 71.753E / 27.095; 71.753. Officially the yield was reported at 12 kt, though outside estimates of the yield vary from 2 kt to 20 kt. Pokhran as a Nuclear Site Pokhran is the test site for India's nuclear program. The Atomic Energy Commission of India detonated its first underground nuclear weapon there on 18 May 1974. The Indian government, however, declared that it was not going to make nuclear weapons even though it had acquired the capacity to do so. It claimed that the Pokhran explosion was an effort to harness atomic energy for peaceful purposes and to make India selfreliant in nuclear technology, but subsequently, India conducted five nuclear tests on 11 May and 13 May 1998. Since then, India has declared a moratorium on the testing.