10b.

Buckling Considerations

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10b. Buckling Considerations

Transition Zone Bracing Bifurcation

(SSES Ch. 10.4)

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Transition Zone For long columns (large slenderness ratio s), the Euler Buckling Strength reduces rapidly. For very short columns (small s) the Buckling Strength is large. However, the column's strength cannot exceed the material's compressive strength Sc. Depending on the slenderness ratio, a column fails by either: Material Failure (e.g., yielding in metals), or Geometric Instability (buckling) A transition point between yielding and buckling can be determined by setting the buckling strength equal to the yield strength: scr = Sy. The Transition Slenderness Ratio is then:

Critical Stress vs. Slenderness Ratio

In reality, a sudden change from one failure mechanism to another does not happen. Columns of Intermediate Length are governed by equations which provide a transition between yielding and buckling. Steel, aluminum and wood each have unique transitional equations in design manuals for their particular industry. Bracing Columns can be braced to increase their buckling strength by reducing the unsupported length of the column. The images below illustrate the effects of bracing a column:

Braced Columns of industrial Model of column under building. The center column axial compressive load, is of I-beam shape, and is with I-beam crossbraced to resist section. The column is buckling/bending about its pinned at top and bottom, weak axis. and braced at its midpoint.

Buckling about Strong Axis. Buckling about Weak Axis. I-beams have a greater Bracing reduces the effective moment of inertia about their length. Here, it is reduced by strong axis and thus can have 2, increasing the buckling longer unbraced lengths about strength by 4. that axis. Pictures from the class web-page of Kirk Martini.

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10b. Buckling Considerations

http://strengthandstiffness.com/10_buckling/page_10b.htm

Bifurcation
Consider the rigid post AB of length L, supported at B by a torsional spring of stiffness KT. Axial load P is applied at A. Suppose the post has a slight angular displacement q. The moment caused by the load helps to tip AB; the spring resists the angular motion. Equilibrium gives: S M = 0 = KTq P(Lsinq) For small q, sinq ~ q, so the result reduces to:

Rigid post AB supported by torsional spring under force P.

Thus: if q = 0 the column remains perfectly upright (even if P > KT/L), until failure due to the material being unable to the load support load. if P < KT/L the column remains perfectly upright. if P = KT/L the column remains standing, at angle q. if P > KT/L the column tips over.

Top Updated: 05/22/09 DJD

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