Unit 3 Chemistry Lab Activity: Chemical Writing and Chemical Names The purpose of this activity is to combine different

ions and observe whether they come together to form a precipitate. You can then name the new compound formed and write the formula for this compound. Procedure: 1. Take the laminated chart (as shown below) and combine two drops of cation solution with two drops of anion solution in the appropriate grid square. 2. Observe the reaction (if any) and record your observation on the data table below. 3. Repeat the steps until you have combined all twelve possible reactions. Observations: a) Use as Y or N to indicate if a precipitate (cloudiness) formed. b) Fill in your observations of all precipitates formed (color and level of cloudiness eg. Slightly cloudy, or very cloudy) Ions Ag+ Cl- 1. Yes Thick cloud in middle 4.No Pink 7. No Yellow in color 10.No Light blue CO32- 2. Yes Yellow cloud in middle OH- 3. Yes brown precipitate in the center

Co2+

5. No 6. Yes Pink precipitate in Blue precipitate in center center 8. No Clear 11. Yes Dark blue precipitate in center 9.No Clear 12. Yes Light blue precipitate in center

Fe3+ Cu2+

Names and formulas of all compounds formed: 1. AgCl - Silver Chloride 2. Ag2CO3 - Silver Carbonate 3. AgOH - Silver Hydroxide 4. CoCl2 - Cobalt (II) Chloride 5. CoCO3- Cobalt (II) Carbonate 6. Co(OH)2 - Cobalt (II) Hydroxide 7. FeCl3 - Iron (III) Chloride

8. Fe2(CO3)3 - Iron (III) Carbonate 9. Fe(OH)3 - Iron (III) Hydroxide 10. CuCl2 - Copper (II) Chloride 11. CuCO3 - Copper (II) Carbonate 12. Cu(OH)2 - Copper (II) Hydroxide Photo of spotplate:

Questions: 1. What is happening at the molecular level for a precipitate to form? (google this) Precipitation reactions occur when cations and anions of liquid solutions combine to form an insoluble ionic solid. When two solutions are mixed that are of different ionic compounds that individually are soluble compounds, they form a new insoluble compound which produces a precipitate.

2. Suggest a logical reason why the ions in one compound would separate from each other (eg. Dissolve in water), while they wouldn't be dissolved in another compound (as they come together in forming a precipitate.) eg. What forces could be at play here? Water dissolves ionic compounds because water molecules have partially charged atoms. Water is a polar molecule that surrounds the ion, while oxygen forms a negative. When both are combined, it dissolves the ions. Non-polar molecules do not dissolve in water. 3. In making formulas of compounds, why would you use parentheses sometimes? When there are polyatomic ions. i.e. Mg(BrO4)2 4. At what time do you use roman numerals? Is this used in naming, or making formulas of compounds? To represent the charge of compounds, if the compound has variable charge. 5. a) What letters do we use after a formula to indicate the state of the compound? s - solid g - gas l - liquid aq - aqueous b) When a compound dissolves in water, how do indicate this with the formula of the compound? The symbol (aq) c) At the molecular level, describe the ionic compound when it is dissolved in water. The attractions of the polar water molecules are stronger than the attractions the ions have for each other. Due to high temperature, ionic compounds dissolve more and faster, this is because of the fast moving particles and the water molecules spread out slightly providing more space to hold the ions.

Brief reection statement of what you learned in this activity: I learnt what happens to the molecules when a precipitate is being formed. I also claried what exactly an aqueous solution is.