In the lecture the faculty deals the problems with the graded system.

The graded system didn't provide the maturity in students by physically, academically and socially. So the maturity in the graded system is to be reviewed. For that the faculty produces reasons in accordance with the passage. Firstly repeating the year if the performance of a student is not up to the minimum level is undesirable. Because of it the student gets bored, and leads the student to perform too below the average. Some individuals take long time to understand certain concepts, the grading system rushes so these things are happen. Thus this system couldn't make the studies interesting. Secondly, due to the grading system some students behavior is not matured in college level also. They behave immature in college; this indicates the problems in grading system. So according to these problems the grading system should be reviewed. The beneficiers are students; they only know what kind of changes are required to make the studies more effective. So this renovation should be mainly made by the beneficiaries, then only it is effective. In this lecture the faculty discusses the points in reading passage such as 'repeating the year if not has minimum level knowledge, then 'maturity' .Thus the faculty contrasts with the reading passage.

Mahatma Gandhi, was a world leader who worked a lot to get freedom for India. He struggled for freedom of India in a peace way. Ahimsa is his principle, that means no violence. He always not interested in violence, by his patience and effective thoughts India got freedom in 1947. Mahatma was a world leader, because he struggled for truth and who are in problem. When he was working in South Africa, there blacks are not respected equally. Gandhi struggle against this problem and helped the people to get their right. He hated violence and treating people unequally. He also struggle against many unethical behaviors. Gandhi was a great leader, He be the head of the force and use many different ways without violence got the freedom from British. Even though he was basically rich he wished to lead a simple life. He wore a waisty and a towel, dont like to wear luxurious dress. His posture showed his simplicity. Gandhi always be truth in his life, He was shot by a person and dead. At that time many people surrounded him and beat, Then Gandhi stoped them and advised to take him to court and punish him by law. Gandhi solves all problems in such a way that didn't harm ful to any one. When many muslims struggle for separate nations for them with Mohamad Ali jinna's representation,at that time he as a leader of India think both sides benefits accepted for separation of Pakistan then India got freedom. Gandhi was called by children and people in India as Grandpa. India he is called as Father of the Nation. Many countries admire Gandhi by many ways because his service and working for people who are refugee, not having their rights. Gandhi is done many for our beautiful world, It is the duty of us to follow his principles to make his presence every where.

Money is the important thing to live in this world, because it gives status, respect, comfortable life etc. Money not only makes life beautiful but also other things. The other things are which could not be bought by money like real friendship, care, affection, possessiveness etc. These other things may get from money, but they are not real one, they must be a reel one. The necessity of money in human life varies depending upon our old experiences and thinking that is called mind set. Some people set their mind in such a way that money is more important otherwise life is not prosperous. Their attitude is to make more money and become more wealthier than others. For them the money is all, nothing makes them happy. This kind of people achieve more and more money. The other way make some persons to think like that is, they got more failures because of money. This kind of people knew the value of money, so they intend to make more money. Like these people live comfortably by making more money. They don't think about the relations, affection, for those things they give less priority. Some people may belong to a very prosperous wealthy family; they live in a atmosphere that is more wealthy. They don't get an opportunity to enjoy the happiness of affection. These people give less preference to money. These people could understand money not only the life beyond that more things are there. They are involved in seeking a good relation such as friend, lover etc. The other kind of people knew the money's worth and enjoy the happiness of family, relations and care. For them relations are more important than money. According to my perspective, I would like to live a life with satisfactory earning. I live in the atmosphere of a middle class family. I know that the value of relations is more than making money. By making more money we can buy artifical things like car, bike etc. But it is not possible to buy the affection of mother, care from father, sharing from a brother and a valuable friendship. Money can solve the worldly problems but the mind problems can't be solved. For example, Money can not console when I fail in exam. The money can not show care and affection when I am sick. The money can not guide me more than my father with care and affection. These things I experienced in my life in many situations. so I prefer to live a life with the satisfactory earning. If a person is having more money the world understands him, If a person is not having more money he can understand the world. So for me money is a part of life and a tool to live the worldly life.

Integrated: The announcement is based on the university policy, for the students who entering into the program such as student. The change from the previous policy is explained by sociology department. The old policy is the course structure contains five elective subjects and three compulsory subjects. It is changed to five compulsory subjects and three electives. These changes because the negative comments on the graduates and employers and others. By concerning this in order to make the student more knowledge the course structure is changed. While changing the course structure the current students are not affected by these changes. They are not forced to follow the new policy. These change for only the new students. There is no way to involvement of department since it is the decision from the university. In reading passage the changes how arrived and why it is happen are clearly stated. Due to the negative comments on the graduates and the employers in order to protect the serious reputation of the course the university succumb to these changes. These changes arrived from the meetings. In these meetings faculties suggest the change in the curriculum will make a considerable improvement. So these changes are made. These matters are come to implement for the new students who will enter in to the department. Thus the faculty announces the remedy arrived in the reading passage, to the students.

Independent. Studying abroad is useful to gather new experience, improve our perspective broad and change our lifestyle and so on. So it is really a good experience so i like it. To elucidate my perspective by following examples and reasons, I like the opportunity to study abroad, because it is my aim from my earlier life. In my younger days I heard that abroad the studies are more practical based easy to understand the concepts that induce me to study abroad. It is the opportunity to learn new things abroad and gain more knowledge. Studying abroad is obvious a new experience. It helps to interact with different ethnic group of people and have friendship. Owing to our communication skills also improves. It is indeed a valuable experience since it offers way to research based studies. Study abroad provides a vast knowledge about our subject major. It broadens my views. And thus it improves the skills. Many people go abroad for different reasons, but I would like to study abroad because in our country offers studies mainly concentrate on theoretical basis. In abroad I could learn that theoretical basis with the practical it helps to improve the effectiveness of study. Also it obvious to learn the education culture of abroad. From the experience gained abroad I can give suggestions to improve our country education. Studying abroad also provides a good social status, and good job in Multinational concern thus it give way to shape our career. Study abroad give a good opportunity to fulfill our career plans, such as become a scientist, become a neurologist, become a best engineer etc. Thus the studying abroad is offers many things in favor of our life to improve. In a short studying abroad, a new experience which offers chance to fulfill our career aim and get a good social status. So I would like to utilize that opportunity up to the maximum.

Independent Planning is essential while young.. As the adage goes Look before you leap" planning is essential in our every activity at earlier. The careful planning determines the victory. Our every activity requires planning such as buy a new thing, select a course, organize a program etc. Not only planning is determines the success but also it should done at correct time. The correct time is that earlier before the deadline of that event which we are going to perform. I agree with the statement that careful planning is essential while we are young. I explain my views by following reasons and examples. I would like to begin with, A parent should care fully plan about their child because they have the responsibility to lead their child in a good way. For that planning is essential while their child is young. The careful planning produces a good doctor, scientist, engineer, lawyer etc. Every parent has a dream about their children, for attaining that they should motivate their children. That motivation is impossible with out careful planning while their child young. So grow a child need a careful planning. For example, my mother is doctor their wish is to make me a scientist so they plan well while I was young. They train me to learn effectively by teaching and various coaching. Now I am studying in a reputed research institute. It is not possible without their careful planning. One story told to explain the importance of planning by my mother. A wood cutter who plan more time cut the tree soon than the person not planned. Some people thing that planning takes much time, but it is not true. If we not plan well then it delay our work even more time than we spend for planning. The other thing I would like to discuss is in sports. Consider a team game for example cricket. To win a match careful planning before is very important. That planning should include all possibilities of failure and remedies. It can not done at the field so to perform well the planning should be done earlier. A sporting event which requires careful planning to acquire victory, compare to this our life is really very important. The earlier plan is essential is every activity so our life includes all these activities. Hence careful planning is essential earlier to achieve success.

A professional for example consider a manager in a engineering organization, the upper level officers give the work that organize a event which is motivate the employees in the organization. There the professional should plan all the activities earlier and arrange the requirements. Then only that event should be successful. The success of event is according to the planning of the organizer and the execution. So planning is essential all level of persons. Our life includes all levels so we need to be carefully plan in earlier then only we execute it in a correct way. That execution determines the victory. From these examples and reasons the careful planning has the main part in every activity. Earlier planning and perfect execution will ensures the victory of any activity. One who spend more time to plan will succeed with prosperous if he work hard and provide complete dedication.

Motivation story Integrated .

Motivation is a spark which make a person to act towards the goal. It is the support that encourages to work in order to achieve our ambition. It may be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is the one desire to acquire something personally such as to get satisfaction in work, personal pleasure, self satisfaction etc. This does not belongs to achieve a particular thing or object. Extrincic motivation is the thrist to achieve a particular thing externally, such as recognition for work, award, fame etc. This is thrive to achieve the external thing may be money or applause of public for particular performance. In the listening passage the author said the story about a girl named Marnie. Marnie is passionate in singing. In her earlier days she has much enthusiasm to sing. She sung in school choir, church, birthday parties, wedding, and commuintiy events. Her singing get applause of public also. Slowly her interest in singing is start decrease. Her mind change away from singing. One day she had the opportunity to sing professionally by a music company

executive. Eventhough she didn't want to sing the money offered by the company is unexpected and applause also infinite so she change her mind to sing and sign in the agreement. In this story Marnie was initially passionate about singing that time she sing due to the intrinsic motivation. In the church, school she sing for her self intrest. Afterwards she sign the agreement is in order to acquire the external motivation. There her thrist is not self motivation to sing but money they offered make her sing. Thus we can understand the concept of intrincic motivation and extrinsic motivation by this story.

Indepentant- organized person or not??????......... In this world every humen being is different in thinking, the have their individuality. Some people act in a way which is fixed by them. This way may be their role models or their dream personality. Some other people act according to the surroundings and environment which they face. These kind of people would change themselves according to the situation. I am belongs to the first category that I am a organised person. I am not want to chang my behaviour according to the situation. I am organised by means of ethically and socially. In every action I take decison according to the ethics which would not affect any one and does not influence any one's right. In addition to that I am careful about my actions do not harm the society in a small way also. It includes polluting the environment harms the place of many people living. So I am aware about my actions does not generate pollution. For example my one activity, I am not use the polyethene paper which is non bio degradable thus prevent the pollution of the environment. These are primary activities which make feel me a organised person.

I am thing before my all actions is it affect any one directly or indirectly. To explain this i would like to state one occasion in my life. One day in our college my friends are insist me to smoke, but I am firmly refuse to do that. It is because I know that the smoke from cigerate affects the nearby persons more than the smokeing person and it cause liver damage. So I refused that with this reason. And I would like to be a person as much as not harm to any one. In my point of view am well organised in that. I feel there is many advantages be a orgainsed person such as others easily understand my self, judge my activities etc. It is obvious in some urgent situations such as save a humen from an accident. In we need to act according to the situation. There we do not act according to law. If we do so it may feel us guilty. So some inevitable situations are there to act according to that. I thing these behaviours make me orgnised are come from my mothers taughts and my experiences in the world.There are lot of people does not like such persons who are organised because they wish to be different every activities. If we do so it does not make sense in our life so i wish to be an organised person.

Problem solving- independent..

Problem solving is one of the abilties which expresses one's attitude.It is not only solving mathematical problems but also facing the critical situations in life. It depends on how we use our mind towards a particular thing. The effective involvement gives the good response. It is used to determine how fast a person's mind works.So it is one criterian to select person for a dream position. A person who has this ability can face all situation strategically. Thus this is a good and essential one for all to win in the competition of prosperous future. Here I would discuss my approach to solve problems in follwoing passages. First of all I think about, should I posses all the qualities to solve the problem. For that I should define the criterian required to solve the problems. Commen requirments are, understanding of problem and is it possible to solve with the

possesing knowledge or not. If the requierments are present can attempt the problem in various steps. I used to approach any problem in a series steps and carfully cross check in each step for any mistakes. The steps are define the problem, create various solutions, analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the solutions, chose and implement the best solution. In first step I should define the problem and how to approach the problem to find the solution. It is basically understanding of the problem. The second step is to use the mind to generate various solutions for the problem by various approaches. All problems has many solutions. For example some mathematical problems can solve through the algebra which are easily solved by using differential equations. Thus by various approach generate various solutions. Then in the next step analyse each solution in the perspective of difficulty and time of solving. After that choose the best solution which has advantage both difficulty, solving time and accuracy of solution. That choosen solution is implemented. Thus I approach every problems in my life as well as in studies in such a way that these step by step procedure. In our life we need to face many problems that is crucial situations for that we may apply these step by step procedure. In addition to that the other strategies are consult friends and elders to take a important decision. This offers more ideas to solve the problems in life as well as in studies. Here is the strategy of synergic effect of friends and our knowledge so it is more effective. Problems can have many solutions but reach a perfect solution which satisfies its purpose is essential. So it is indeed a problem solved by these step by step strategies and consulting experienced persons or friends is one way to reach the appropriate solution.

Integrated- problem solving.. In the reading passage the author explaines about the problem solving. The step by step actions which are need to carry out to solve a problem effectively are explained. The first step is problem identification that is understand the problem and find the useful values and way to find solutions. Then generate several alternate solutions to the problem. After that the alternate solutions are analysed by listing out the advantages and disadvantages of each solution.

The next step is to select a best solution among them is by comparing the advantages of the solutions obtained for alternate solutions. Subsequently the selected solution is implemented and tested. If the solution is not satisfactory then the procedure repeats again from the first step. These step by step procedure improves the solution and accuracy. In the listening passage the role of breaks in the problem solving is analysed. Breaks influence the problem solving. Sleeping is considered as a break, the incubation effect during sleep allow brain to work and find the solution in that time. For that example is, F.A. Kakulae find the arrangement of hydrogen atom in benzene is in ring form , which cause dilemma of existance of uncoucious mind. Here the solution obtained in the dream directly. There are two explanations regarding role of breaks is given in the lisenting part. One is the rest may give more information about the problem which we think about cause find the solution. This is explained with the architect who find the constrution of geodesert from the multiple triangle apperance. The second one is the rest allows the brain to think in a more different and productive way to obtain perfect solution. The break offer the different way of thinking which provide the better solution. Here the message in the listening passage is castes with the reading part by involve in the first two steps in the solving the problem. The role of break influence all the part but it mainly inlfluence the first two steps. The first two steps are identification and finding various solutions to a problem. Thus the reading passage casts with the listening passage.

Independent. Studing abroad.. Studying abroad is a best oppoutuniny for a person. It offers to learn new things, a new experience, improve the status among the local people etc. Studing abroad not only help for self improvement but also it will be a chance to improve the native country. The studies in abroad is compared with the home country which serves as

a chance to improve the education of home country. In my point of view it is the a my planning and like to study abroad. I like this for following reasons. Firstly, studing abroad means chance to learn the advancement of that country. It taught lot of new things. It is the way to learn the cultural advancement of that country. By continuing the studies I can enrich my academic knowledge. It is not only serves to learn new things but also spreads my country's own pride. Secondly, studies in abroad provides a new experience. It give the opportunity to have the friendship with many country peoples. Owing to that our views are broadened. It will be the chance to understand the people's life style there. Thus it serve as a bridge to exchange the informations between two country people. Hence is improve the better relationship between both the countries. Finally, Studying abroad is indirectly improve the local status. This qualification shows the unique among the in the native country peoples. So it give the respect and priestage in the native country. With these all things it is the opportuninty to learn new technology and improve the scientific growth and shows potential of the country. Studying abroad offers a new experience to know about the different country people and it offers the international quality of education. Then it is the chance to enrich the knowledge and serve as a gate way to many big opportunities. In addition to all these things it is the chance to show our country's potential and a chance to compare our country education. These advantages and thoughts make me to like this opportunity.

Integrated miller urey experiments..

Miller is a graduate student of professer Urey, who done research to found the living organism formation in early earth conditions. In this research they design the experiment that forms the early earth conditions. The experimental conditions as follows, a five litre flask filled with water is connected with another flask with a glass tube. In the bottom flask water is filled up to half of the level.Then insert a tungsten electrode in upper flask to pass electrical charge. In the bottom flask they mix the methane, hydrogen, ammonia with the water. After that the flask heated with that pass the electricity through the tungsten wire simultanously. The cooled atmosphere condense the water back in to the flask. The electricity ionizes the vapour that creates the early earh conditions in the flask. This is kept this condition for some time. After one week the analysis gives the result that fifteen percentage of the carbon converted in to organic compound which is the basic molecule that forms the living organism the flask colour changes to orange. Then after two weeks the flask turns in to dark brown. This indicates that the formation of amino acids that forms the basic molecule in living organism. From these things Miller and Urey explained that this experiment is the first step to form the living organism. Thus proves the artificial method to explain this natural reactions. The listening passage states that some of the objecting suggestions made in the Miller and Urey experiments. The first one is they pass the continous electricity and heating but in early earth it is not continous but frequent interval is there. The another objection is organic compound formed by reducing the oxygen in the atmosphere. Then the amino acid formed is able to survive at that conditons only but in these set of experiments they show that it in normal conditons thus it deviates from the fact that it resolve mystry of the first living cell formation.This experiment explains the chemical synthesis of the those compounds. By providing these objections explains that this Miller Urey experiments are intresting but it is not solve the mystry of the living things formed. Thus the lecture casts the reading passage.

Independent learning foreign language .. Learning foreign language is mainly due to its usage globally and to live in that country. Some people learn the language in their own country and others think that learn it in that country. The both possibilities are correct in their own view. According to my view it is better to have the knowledge of foreign language before face that country. It is advantageous in many ways by easy to move with other country people, to gain more knowledge, broad communication circle etc. I explain my reasons briefly in following passages. Firstly, learning the foreign language in the home country is better in many situations. For example consider a student who apply higher studies in foreign country should require the knowledge of that language to continue the studies in that country without difficulties. In some situations such as a multinational concern has the origin of foreign country there to get a job requires the knowledge of that country's language. Thus in our life many situations require the knowledge of the foreign language. To face these situations easily and perform well by learn it in our country is essential. Secondly, in some time the knowledge of the foreign language requires in our country itself, for that learning it in our country is helpful. In the tourist spots the people requires the knowledge of foreign language to communicate with the people come from the foreign country. It is mostly requires for the people such as vendors and people who are guide to the tourists etc. Thus in our home country it self in specific place the foreign language knowledge requires so it is learn in our country is very useful in such situations. Then finally the knowledge of foreign language is improves the our communication window to many kind of people. It offers many opportunities such as foreign studies, jobs in foreign country and Multinational companies etc. Thus it has many advantages in such places to avoid the hesitation and move easy communication learning it in our own country is very help ful. Learning the foreign language in foreign country leads to many problems such as cheating by people in foreign country, poor communication skills in that language etc. In addition to that it learning the foreign language in that country requires long time for a person from other country. Hence it is much advantageous that learning the foreign language in home country itself. So I think that it is better to learn the foreign language in our home country.

Integrated.. Group actions. In the reading passage the author explains that two behavior happens when people working in groups. The two behaviors are, Deindividualzation and Polarization. Deindiviualization is occur in large groups. The individuality and self awareness is lost when take decision in group. Polarization occur when like minded people are get together in group. Their decisions in group are devoid of that as individual. There are two examples for both is explained in reading passage. Deindivdualization may lead to antisocial behavior. It creats the rowdiness and unethical activities while in group. The other example is violence is fueled by deindiviualistic behavior between fans after the sporting event finished. A committee formed to judge the crime which has the members involved in small crimes. They judge the minor crime with less conscious. The next example for this is people who are in council member pass the law to punish the litter persons. They are littering before that due to the group actions they pass the law against the persons who litter. In the listening passage the faculty explains the two behaviors with other examples. Here the faculty provides examples for prosocial behavior that occur in group by deindiviualization and Polarization. For deindivdualization, the first example is In the shared emotions people ban a person without considering the anything. Then individually console that person by treat in a friendly manner. The next example is in a race an underdog wins and express the results overwhelmingly and after that praise that talent. For Polarization behavior, the first example is actions of town people against an unethical action is indeed a prosocial behavior. The second one is in a office a group of employees unite according to polarization act against boss. Because they individually dislike their bosses so act in group to avoid the problems due to their behavior. Thus the author explains two examples of antisocial and prosocial behavior in group actions of deindivdualisation and polarization in reading and listening passage respectively. These are the information provided in the reading as well as listening passage.

Independent.. grading based on participation in class good or based on exams ??????? To gain more knowledge on a particular field study a course. In that the evaluation of performance may be either based on the exams, involvement and knowledge in the field, and both. These three types has its own advantages and disadvantages. According to my view the third option that is evaluation based on both the knowledge as well as the exams is more accurate than others. Firstly course grades based on the exams only is not more accurate evaluation. It make the students exams minded and knowledge gain is less. To get more grades students start memorizing without understanding happens this type of evaluation. This exams pattern is mostly followed in many schools in our country. This is realized by students while they need to work in that field. So to understand better and improve knowledge exams only not helps there is also a internal evaluation is necessary. The internal evaluation may be check the understanding by giving seminars and assignments etc. Secondly The evaluation based on the involvement and knowledge in the field is incomplete. Better understanding of subject is only taken in to account. A good professional require to remember the understood concepts. Exams necessary to check the remembering of the concepts and fundamentals in the studying field. So evaluation based on the internal activities and understanding is require further test to keep the studied concepts in mind. For that exams are necessary. Thus only the evaluation based on checking of knowledge and participation in class is not complete. Finally to evaluate well both of the internal assessment and external assessment are necessary. Internal assessment is based on the understanding of subjects and involvement in the field. The external assessment is based on the exams. The exams helpful to check the remembrance of the understood concepts and knowledge gained. Both are necessary to form a perfect professional. The assessment based on both helpful to gain knowledge and kept in mind for a long time. So the perfect evaluation of knowledge in particular field needs both internal and external assessments.

Thus to improve the skills and knoledge grading based on the participation in class and exams are equally important. One of those is not evaluate perfectly that is based on exams means memorizing of concepts cause lack of understanding. But exams necessary to check the rememberance and application knowledge in the field. So both are essential to produce a professional to improve the technology.

Integrated strategies to make children discipline In the reading passage the author explains the three strategies used by parents to discipline their children. The listening passage summarizes the limitations for that strategies. The three strategies are based on Physical punishment, withholding affection and management strategies. Physical punishment may be spanking, avoid the privilege to play or use the car or toys etc. In this strategy parent show their power on children so this leads to fear in children. So the children may hate their parents. Even though parents do this for make their child disciplined, it turns child opposite. The second strategy is withholding of affection that is avoid to show affection to child, threatening to reject the child. These such actions may go in a wrong way that reduce the behavior of children. The final strategy is management techniques that is the synergic strategy of both control by power in a acceptable way. The parents control children with the explanation that children accepts and make them do it. Thus the author explains the three strategies to disciplined the children. In the listening part the faculty explains the relation between the discipline and self esteem. Children have low self esteem while they control by physical punishment or withholding of affection. The children have high self esteem while thy control according to management strategies. Many psychologists not believe that physically punish the children under the age two to improve their discipline. It may create a harsh behavior in children instead of reinforcing a good behavior. To incorporate discipline require teaching not harm. So it is obvious the teaching in such a way that does not harm is more effective. It is possible by using management strategies.

In reading passage the author explain each strategy and in listening passage explains the better way to make the children disciplined. That is the first two strategies are may lead the children to bad behavior so the third one management that is do the right thing in right time is effective necessary to incorporate the discipline in children.

Independent.. Technological innovation which improve interaction between countries.. The technological advances such as telephone in communication and airplane in transportation sector are cause the changes in interaction between two countries. The way of interaction using these advancements is not economical and fast. So the other technological innovation is essential to improve the interactions between the nations to make the global village. In my perspective the other innovation which is economical and fast is internet. Internet is make the communication easy and faster. In this modern world the internet is now spreads fast among the people. The no of people using internet increases minute by minute. It is because of ease of communication. By the use of internet instantly can contact any person in the world. It improves the interaction between different countries. So it leads to friendship among people in the world thus the distance between places disappear. The next thing is internet constitutes plenty of information and news happening around the world. This is visible to all people in the world. These information improve our knowledge about current world. As soon as the message reach the people through internet from the source. It also provides way to share our views with others with country to country. Thus also it makes the world small. The

informations in internet not only helps to improve knowledge but also provide experience to face new situations. Then through the internet it is possible to see other persons in different country and can communicate lively. In telephone we can communicate but can not see. To see a person in other country the fastest transportation is airplane. Airplane transportation is costly. Thus these both things comes true through the internet can see and communicate lively. This require the knowledge of using computer and internet. Internet helps to live communication that is economical than both telephone and airplane. Thus it has the advantage of both with the less expense, since internet usage require less cost than telephone and air travel. The modern invention internet make the communication easy and faster. Through internet from the place where we are, can communicate with other country people. Since it is less economical used by many people so it improves the communication and interaction between the countries and makes the world small. Thus internet unite all countries in to one form the global village. So I hope this innovation would be the important one to improve the interaction and communication among the countries.

Integrated -Jet streams. Jet stream is one of the wind forms which has the irregular pattern that arise at very high heights about twenty thousand feet that is six to nine miles above the earth surface. At this height one layer of atmosphere namely tropospheres is there. The jet stream occur at the top level of the troposphere. In troposphere only the whether changes occur so jet streams affect the whether changes. The speed of the wind for jet stream should be above 57 miles per hour. Jet stream may have the average speed of 190 miles per hour. The highest speed of the jet stream is 300 miles per hour. These jet streams mostly happen in winter times, because during this time the temperature difference between the earth surface and the troposphere is high. As the temperature difference between the

earth surface and the troposphere is increases the speed of the jet stream is stronger. There are two types of jet streams occur between the region of equator and North Pole. First one is subtropical jet stream occur at the continental United States. Second one is polar jet stream which blows over the Idaho and Montana states. The conditions to occur these jet streams is the temperature difference between the arctic and the tropical regions of the earth. The jet stream is occur in one place cause strong storm where as the place where jet stream is not occur dry and calm whether is expected. In the listening passage the faculty explains the travel effects due to the jet streams. North america is cold while the jet stream's direction is towards north. It is warm while jet stream's direction is towards south. So United states is cold that is texas and mexico while the jet steam's direction is towards north. At that time in Canada the warm climate is observed. During the reverse direction that is jet stream towards south the climate of canada is cold. The air travel is affected according to jet steam's direction. For example the time taken to travel from Los Angels to New York is shorter than the return travel. So the travel against the wind direction require more fuel consumption and longer duration. Thus the jet streams affects the travel. These are the information provided in the reading and listening passage related to jet streams.

Independent Making more money than required is essential analyse. As the adage goes ' Money makes many ' , money is essential to make many things to be done. In this modern world money is required to do anything in our day today life. Money has became one of the reqirement for the human survival. In the

world there are two kinds of people viz people who earn for living and people who earn to accumalate. People who are engaged with making more money than the required level is with some purpose. Some of them make more money to improve their image in the society, and some others make more money to serve others. Having more money than the required level is also a problem, that is keeping it safe. If the money is in required level it saves the life in reverse if the money is more than the required level person saves the money. Making more money may be seen in this perspective. it is the ambition for some people who are really affected by money. Some people are really not having money in their earlier life have the ambition to make more money. Thus making more money have the advantages like improving the respect in the society and disadvantages like being a danger for life. When money is more than the required level there is a danger of theft and it spoils the happiness of mind. In addition to these things making more money may lead to bad behaviors such as drinking alcohol, spending luxuriously etc. Some people earn for their living. These kind of people follow the normal life, and in the status of ordinary people. They do not think beyond the limit that is formed by themselves. Since they earn in a required level, they are not afraid of keeping the money safe and lead a happy life. Such people may not think about the urgent needs. If there is some urgent requirement for a large amout of money they can not afford it . In these situations they need to depend upon the people who are making more money than their reqiurment. People wanting less difficult life don' t want to earn more. These kind of people give chances to other people to earn for their lives. Earning for our requirement is help ful but not for all time because some urgent requirements and health problems are not afford by the required money so a better way is necessary for safest life. In these situations making more money is an advantage for helping in the urgent needs but it is not safe for living a happy life. Making required money is helpful to lead a happy life in urgent times it would be a problem. So people to have a happiest life earn slightly more than their requirement and save some amout of money for urgent needs and for their old ages is the good way. If earn more and earn up to the mark also has some problems. So earning in such a way not harmful to happy life is the best choice.

Integrated- Plan for bequest The reading passage is about how to spend the funds raise from the older students of the Dodgson College which is a private institution. The huge fund collected from the old students, to spend that in a more productive way two committee formed. One for the administration and another for the academics. The committee for administration represented by the administrators of college and academics is represented by the head of the faculty. The aim of these committee is to make the college nice place to study. Then committee meeting was held to discuss the plans made by the each committee. In that meeting administrators head presents the plan of their committee. In their plan three main improvements using that funds are mentioned. First one is to increase the number of class rooms. Because the college campus is not have enough space to offer all the classes. To increase the classrooms need to increase the tuition fees of new students. Second one is to built the new gymnasium. The gymnasium available was seventy years old so new one is necessary. Finally the remaining in the funds used to pay raise of the administrative members. Their bay is ten percent lower than the average pay of nation. In the listening passage the Faculty committee presents the plan by contrasting the administrative committee. Firstly they disagree to made new class rooms because it is necessary for new students will admitted in future. If increase the classroom size it decrease the space available so new class room building is not a immediate requirement. Secondly the gymnasium is seventy years old but it functioning well so it needs renovation only for that new gymnasium is waste of money. Finally they also ask pay raise for faculty committee because they also get ten percent lower than the nations average salary. Thus in the listening passage faculty committee give counter answer for the administrations plans.

Independent- Last minute turning good one event. In our daily life lot of experience had happen some of the events are unforgettable. Some events are unforgettable because it turns our life or achieve a miraculous success after a great failure. There are many events in my life unforgettable in those some is I feel success in a last minute. I would like to discuss one such event in my life. That is occur when i went to apply passport in our district collector office. In that occasion I have only one day leave in my college and I applied for passport in a last minute. If I miss on that day it would become late and I may face many unexpected situations. I apply leave for one day in our college to apply for passport. If I put more leave it would reduce my internal marks so I plan to put leave for one day to apply for passport. On that day I arrived from my home and reach the district collector office later. I have the required documents to apply for passport with the instructions from my friends. There was a long queue for applying passport. I also wait in the line and in my turn got the application form. Then only I found the requirement of demand draft for applying passport. After that in a hurry I am in search of the nearest bank to take demand draft. The bank is certain distance from the collector office but for that no transportation is available since it is in outer part of the city. So I wait in the road to get a help of any vehicles in that way. Fortunately I got the lift soon and reach the bank. Very sooner than I expected got the demand draft and from there I reach the collector office by bus. In the collector office is a long queue for the filling of form. I disappointed while saw that line because then time was nearly 12.00pm, the passport office closes at 1.30 pm. In between that the form filling person sent some of the applying persons because of insufficient documents. I am afraid because of thinking like may miss any of important document. The official filling the forms sent many people out due to many reasons so I reach him sooner and fill the form. The time was 1.00pm. During completion of form i am not have sufficient copies of the documents. Then I rushes to take Xerox copy of document. After many of these hurdles I fill up the form at 1.15 pm. Then I reach the passport incharge in the collector office with my filled application form. Fortunately there the queue was thin so I submit my application at the last minute. As a result I got the passport soon. On that day until last minute I am not have the hope that I can apply that day. If I miss on that day I may put leave for more days that reduce my internal marks. Then I would not got the passport soon it will cause delay in applying toefl exam. So by

God's grace I applied on that day at the last minute after many hurdle. This is the unforgettable and last minute turned event in my life recently.

Integrated..core curricula In some American colleges adopt the core curriculam that is focused on the improve the knowledge of students in interdisciplinary areas. The core curriculam is implemented in the undergraduate program. In the core curricula the main objectives are improve the skills of the students in three main areas namely communication, reasoning and interpersonal skills. The communication includes the reading, writing, listening and speaking. The reasoning improves the thinking innovatively, problem solving abilities. Then the interpersonal interaction encourages the team work, learn in a group and exchange of learnt information. In addition to these improvements it also improves the knowledge in the scientific areas as well as social sciences. It provides the opportunites to learn multicultural issues. Thus it improves the knowledge in a multifaceted way. The colleges trying hard towards the goal, acquire the results in a productive way. This core curricula improves the students knowledge, increase students in college, improve the satisfaction of teachers and got the public name. The college will be have good name among the public. The students who expose to the core curricula are have various benefits. They can improve their knowledge in diverse areas and can apply for their future careers. In the listening passage the disadvantages of the core curriculam are stated. Firstly, studing the easy and relevant subjects is improve the knowledge than the learn the many subjects. Secondly, students expose to many fields not lead to master on one subject so it is not help ful for acquire a career using that. Learning the many subjects lead to ambiguous knoledge in all. Instead of these things improve the knoledge of students in one major subject by offering best coaching and training is more helpful. Thus the reading passage provide the advantages of the core curricula and lisenting passage provide the disadvantage by contrasting the information in the reading passage.

Integrated- Opera House In the reading passage the author explains the history behind the creation of the Sydney Opera House and the listening passage the professor expresses her opinion about the Unique structure Opera House. The design for the Sydney Opera House was chosen by competition. A international competition for architects held in 1956. In that among the came 230 designs Jorn Ultzon's work was selected. John Ultzon who belongs to Denmark explains the work as a sculpture instead of a building. The special features of his work are Opera house's shape differ for different direction and built base on the organic principle that is the structure fit with the environment. The Opera House was located in the Bennolong Point with curved roofs like a ship sail on the water. This structure take much time to completion because of the problems between engineers and contracters and it exeed the budget planned. The Opera House was completed by 1973. In between John Ultzon also resigned from this work due to the problems. The structure has many unique features such as the roof is 200 feet height achieved after solving many problems encountered by engineers. Roof is the major part of this structure, it has 2200 precast concrete sections some of sections weigh 15 tons. It is held by 220 miles of tensioned steel cable. These all things covered by more than a million ceramic white tiles. The professor consider Sydeny Opera House is a unique structure of the modern period. To explain her opinion the reasons are Opera House is a advanced structure which is built in the international style. New materials are used to built this structure. This is the symbol for the modern architecture and example for best

synergic work of architects and engineers. It is the extraordinary work in the twentieth century. So the professor considered it a unique structure

Independent- College life is the best one in a persons life College is a second stage of education after the schooling. Here the mode of teaching and studying environment changes from the school. That is because of the maturity of the students. In college days a student is transformed to professional. In this transition state only student can in the control of the parents and enjoy the student life. After the college life comes professional life that is completely formal, and all the interests in playing, chatting are disappears. Hence the college life is the last and one and only opportunity for shape our career and enjoy the student life. So the college life has more importance in a person's life. I agree with the statement and explain my perspective by following reasons. Firstly, In college life a student learn many things academically and worldly. In academically learn many new technologies, operating procedures, and mechanisms for industries. In other words gain a knowledge which is helpful to survive in the industrial world. In addition to worldly, learns interpersonal skills, communication skills, working as part of a team as well as alone etc. Thus personality of a student sharpened according to the world. These important facts are learnt from college life so it has the major importance in a person's life. Secondly, college life is a transition period from a student in to professional. As long as a person remains student, no bothering and worries. He depends parents for everything for his life. After that only a student understand the problems faced by elders and worries of parents. Until college life a student hold the hands of his parents after completion he should cross the remaining life by making decisions

alone and meet his expenses. So a person in college in the preparation stage to live in the world. So it is the time when a person understand and realizes life so it essentially has the importance so it is the best time in life. Finally, In many families student happen to know about the family activities which are unknown before because of the maturity. Thus a person learn to understand the world and adapt him to live alone in this stage only so it is the time a student can learn important things to lead the rest of the life. A student can exposed to the world from the shadow of home is in this stage. So learn many things and understand the people in the world in college life so it is the best time in the life. In college life a person learn academics to shape the future as good professional, understand the worries of the parents and become capable to make decisions alone and learn many worldly things. In addition to these things he enjoys the student life by playing, chatting with friends without worry about the world. Thus college life act as a transition come preparation stage in a person's life. So it is indeed college life is the best times in a person's life.

Integrated = The computers can think??? In reading passage the author explains the test to find the computer can think or a machine. That test was proposed by Alan Turing so it is called as Turing test. The listening part explains that from the Turing test can not predict the computer can think, hence it contradicts the passage. In Turing test a group of people are in a room with a computer and interact with something in other room through computer. They can interact with the other end by asking any question. The answer will be in the form same as the question. If a person type a question then answer will be displayed on the screen. Asking a question by speech in microphone, the other end machine can answer through speech by synthesizing speech. The result of test is relying on the judgment of the group of people. The people judge the other end as person then the machine is pass in the Turing test. That indicates the computers can think. Other wise the people judge the other end as computer the machine is failed. The listening passage the speaker provide a situation that in one room the monolingual Chinese person and other end is English person, then the judgment will be opposite. It is because the person can not understand the answers in English. The computers are programmed by man so they can't think. The statement computers can think is contradicts itself like a paradox. This thought is like acting

intelligent without being intelligent. Computers are giving the output in the required format for the complex input. So the speaker firmly disagree with the Turing test. According to the listening passage the Turing test is meaning less. Its prediction is not true. But in 1990 s the time when the Turing test was popular then it is a challenge for a machine to pass the test. Hugh Loebner sponsored a gold medal with the cash reward of $100000. This is Because no machines could not pass the Turing test. But since the computers are made by human, can not think beyond the human. So the computers can not think.

Pets should be treated like family members..agree or disagree.?? Pets are brought up in homes for many purposes such as hobby, useful things etc. Some people have the hobby that growing the specific type of dogs, cats in their home in order to done certain activities such as taking the news paper and saving the home when going out side etc. Others grow pets for the useful things from them such as goat and cow for their milk and meat. Thus pets are having many purposes so mostly they are grow for the benefits from them not for the affection. Pets are primarily grow for their benefits. Besides that people show affection on them. So it can not be treated as family members. I disagree with the statement. To elucidate my views using the following reasons and examples. Even though pets have advantages we can not treat as family members since they can not understand our feelings. We cannot share our views with the pets and they also can't reply for our actions. A pet can't console or understand ourselves. These are the basic requirements for the relationship with human. Pets not have

these qualities so can't treat as family members. In many families treat pets as a part of the family but not as close as a family member. The human being can not show the affection on the pets. If a person has more affection with a pet like cock or goat. It would really etch our mind while they kill for their purpose. Because people eat cock and goats meat as food. Thus a critical situation occurs, so we can not show the true affection to pets. Unless we didnt show the true affection for pets, can't treat pets as family members. Some times people behaving close with pets cause health problems for them. Many people grow dogs in their homes. Children play with the dogs and close with the dog. It may lead to transfer of infective organism from the pet to the children or one who close with the pet. It may cause health problems. It is not good for health to have close relationship with pets. In addition to that some pets may bite the human beings. For example dog's habit is show affection for one who supply food and bite one who torture it. Children play with dog, some time the dog may bite due to the children's actions so it affects our health. Thus showing affection and close relationship with pets may cause diseases it affects our health. So it is not good to treat pets as family members. Pets are limited in to that leval other wise it leads to many problems. Thus there are many disadvantages treating pets as family members such as can not share our thoughts, can not afford its loss, cause health problems etc. These are the some of the reasons for not treat pets as family members. With that lot of difficulties are happen if we treat pets as family member. So it is better to keep a distance with pets.

Integrated history of a person. In the listening passage the speaker provide a story of a presidential candidate of a country. There are two autobiographies of that person is released. Both of them are completely different that is one book contrasts another. But the information in both books are true. That is the collection of happenings at different stages of life. The speaker discusses the some information in those books. One book constitutes the early life and schooling of that person. In that period he has discipline problems and his activities are not good. He fail to make the representation of the football team in his high school. His grads also no well. However in the second book completely contrasts the message in the first book. It provides the his good part

that contains extraordinary activities such as in elementary school period he was a bright student and eager to learn. He represents the class during college period. And after that he serves in the military also. Thus it provides the good part of that person. The speaker seems to feel it is unusual change occur in his life. According to reading passage the author discuss about the recording of the historical events. In that first comes the definition of history, it is the collection of events happen at the past. It should not the selected events happen in the history. And also the historical records depends upon how the historian interpret that events. Here if the selected events of the history of person mentioned in the listening passage taken in to account he seems to be a good and extraordinary person according to second book. If consider the first book the reverse happen he seem as a ordinary person. Thus it support the reading passage history is the collection of event and from this the idea about the person is recorded according to the historians thoughts. Thus here that person is seems a good character for whom recorded the information of that period and in schooling he seem to be a bad character for the recorded historian. So history is based on the collection of events occur during past and interpretation.

Independent Analyze adv& disadv and which is better for you working from home or in an office????? In this modern world the human life become more and more comfortable and convenient. As the technology grows in the same speed the pollution and diseases grow. The technology makes the human life more comfortable. For that sustainable development in technology is required, that is with out harm the environment

improve the human life. Working from the home through computers with internet is one of the improvements of the technology. Working from home has many advantages such as can do the work leisurely, With out getting tired, more efficiently. In that offers working with the computer in online here one can work at any time and complete the work before the assigned time so it leads to work with out tension and leisurely. Besides that work is in home so no need to report at office at correct time so it reduces the travel disturbances so without getting tired can work. Since home become office can work with the full effort without the urgent and pressure so the work would be more efficient. In addition to those things the another advantage is can spend more time with the family after complete the assigned work earlier. Thus working from home has some advantages like job with out getting tired and efficiently. Working in an office has its own advantages, can work for definite time, industrial exposure, in home free from tension. Here work is done in office by regularly going to office for definite time, so after that time spend the remaining time with family. But in case of working from home there is a possibility for delay in work due to the interruption of family members and guests. In office we can completely concentrate in the work and it also provides the industrial exposure, it is not possible in working from home. After the working hours can spend the remaining time with family, if working from home it may not possible if a work delay then need to work in late hours also. Thus working from office has some advantages over the working from home. In my view, it is better to work in a office for certain time. Because in office I can completely concentrate on work it would improve the performance. In working from home we can not concentrate completely on work so many interruptions such as guests and small children. After came from office leave the tension and spend the time with the family. In other case working from home need to manage the time for work and family. So It seems to me that working in a office is more advantageous than working from home.

Integrated- graded school system.

In the lecture the professor addresses the flaws in the graded school system in United States. According to reading passage United States adopted the graded school procedure from the European culture. It extends from first grade to twelfth grade. There are three different stages namely elementary, intermediate, high level. The elementary level constitutes the first to fifth grade which taught by single teacher. Next stage intermediate level consists sixth to eighth grade which taught by a team of teachers. In ninth or tenth grade the high level starts her the subjects taught by specialists. In this system if a student does not meet the minimum requirement he should repeat that year. In the listening part the professor states the two main flaws in the grading system which is explained in the reading passage. Firstly it is not taken in to account the individual readiness. In primary stage the ability differ from children to children. The learning capability of boys differs from that of girls. So the system is should be reviewed. Secondly repeat the year if a student does not meet the minimum requirements is hurt the student. It make the student perform too poor. Since this system does not consider the individual readiness is not the correct criteria enforce the below average student to repeat the year. In addition that it the portions are rushed in a faster rate it can not be understood by the below average student. This is also because of the different in individual readiness. The system does not provide the required time for student to learn. In earlier age student require many time repetition of the concepts then only can remember them. That required time for each student should be given then only they got equal individual readiness. Thus the listening passage casts doubt on the criteria and the individual readiness with the reading passage.

Independent- Mahatma Gandhi In my view it seems that Mahatma Gandhi was the world leader is important. He was born in India. He struggled against unethical, unlawful behaviors. Gandhi not only struggle for Indian people but also for the other countries, so he is a world leader. His life taught a lot of things to people. Gandhi is inspiration and ideas are major contribution for Indian freedom. Gandhi studied Law, and he went for barrister studies to South Africa. At the age of thirty he first struggle against the racism. Gandhi always follow silent way, his weapons are truth and ahimsa. Ahimsa means that not violence. In that country they treat black people very cheaply. Gandhi supports them and help to got their rights. From there his historical journey starts. After completion of barrister studies he came to India. In India Gandhi find our nation is in the hand of the British people. Then Gandhi starts to struggle for Indian freedom. Gandhi's way of approach induces fear in the British people. His thoughts inspired many people to oppose the British government. With those people Gandhi led many struggle against British such as sathya graha. By Gandhi's ways, after many losses India obtained freedom in 1947. Gandhi was a simple person. His posture is very simple. Even though Gandhi belongs to a rich family, he is not live the luxurious and sophisticated life. He always speaks truth. Gandhi's thoughts are very inspiring and real. It turns many people to good behavior from bad ways. The people who follow Gandhi are called Gandhians. Gandhi was true and behave equally to all people, Before India get freedom many Muslims together and represented by Mohammad Ali Jinnah request for a separate nation for them. In that Gandhi as a leader of India analyze the both sides merits and accept for the separation of Pakistan from India. Gandhi was always wish to be lenient from his young age. In his school days in an exam Gandhi does not know the answer, the teacher allow him to write by copy the answer from the next student. But Gandhi refuse to do that. This is the best evidence which shows that Gandhi spoke truth at any situation. Mahatma Gandhi killed by a person in a public meeting. At that time also he does not allow the people to punish that person and advised them to produce him in the court. Mahatma Gandhi was called as by children and youngsters as 'Grandpa'. He

is also respected by our country as 'Father of the nation'. Indian government respects Gandhi by printing his photo in the currencies of our country. Gandhi's service one can never forgot, and his thoughts and principles are the tools which make his presence every where. There are lot of monuments are founded by government to honors Gandhi. I like Gandhi's thoughts and way of approach to any problems. Gandhi was very strong in his decision that inspires me very much. I follow Gandhi in every situation of my life.

Integrated scholarship from news paper. In the reading passage the information is provide information on a community formed by news paper and the criteria for selection to award a scholarship for a student. The listening passage consist the details about the shortlisted candidates. According to reading passage the news paper form a committee to fix the qualifications to choose a appropriate candidate to award the scholarship. The committee makes three criteria after the discussion. The first one is the student should belongs to major in journalism with high grades since the scholarship given by news paper. Second one is that the student should have the excellent talent in the journalism. The third and final criterion is the student should possess the mind to serve people. In addition to these the student should be multifaceted that is involved in different activities. In the listening passage provides the information about two students who are short listed. The first one was Stevens; he is major in journalism with good grades. Also he involved in variety of activities namely member of student council, Violin player, Photographical skills etc. Besides these he spends extra time in serving people in nearby hospitals and orphanage. The next candidate was Ralf Mayers, he is major in biology study along with journalism. He involved in science related journalism activities. Since he is major in biology, he was involved in research in biology. Spend most of the time in lab and while he leaves the campus for participate in sporting events. In these two students has good background and have the criteria fixed by the committee. If the scholarship for one student then it would be given for the first student whose name is Stevens because he has some more extra curricular activities and involved in service to people. This conclusion can be drawn from the information provided in the reading and listening part.

Independent promotion given for Performance are Seniority analyze and provide Ur views. The organization offer promotion either based on the seniority or performance. Each of these criteria has some advantages and disadvantages. Even though these methods have demerits, both are reasonable. The success is relies on the hard work, here both seniority and good performance have that criteria. According to my view, it is better the promotion should be given based on the performance because I feel that this method has more advantages than the other. The organization is give promotion based on the seniority, here the people who are work for the organization many years. It is in order to recognize the hard work of that person. His experience the criteria for that promotion. This may lead to the better handling of the problems occur in organization and leads to the effective management. It is the chance for the person to implement the dream plan about the organization. That person has the knowledge about old techniques so it may difficult to lead the new people and approach in the innovative way. The person may not be aware of the new methods and technologies because he spends lot of years spend in working. So he can manage the work effectively the innovative ideas and steep improvement is not possible. In the other case the person who performs well will get the promotion. Here that person's skills and talents are the criteria for that. He achieves this position while young because of his hard work and educational qualifications. He has the exposure to the modern world so can think new ideas and approach problems innovatively. Since the person was young, he can work with the spirit. Hence it improves the organization so faster. The disadvantage is sometimes it is not possible to handle

certain problems without experience. So experience also required to solve and handle the problems in a organization. According to my view, It seem to me that young person who perform well can improve the organization than the experienced old person. To overcome the difficulties due to the inexperience get the guidance from the experienced employees. The person who performs well can implement the appropriate and innovative approaches to solve the problems occur in the organization. The activities are so faster than the experience person so he can improve more than the experienced person. Although both have equal qualities that is experience and good performance, well performance will improve the organization more than that of the experience.

Integrated- Motivation story In the reading passage the author explains the motivation and two types of motivation. The listening passage consists a story which is explains the two types of motivation. In the listening passage the speaker told a story about Marnie. Marnie was a girl who is enjoy singing while her teen age. At that time she enthusiastic about singing, sung in school choir, Church, Family events and community events voluntarily. And her talent was applauded by the watching people. After some time her interest is decreased than before, even though she likes singing. But not like previous events namely church, and family events etc. There after her performance was appreciated by a music company executive. That person requests her to sing professionally for more money. As nature she agrees that contract and accepts to sing for money and signed in th4e contract. According to reading passage motivation is sum of one's needs and make a person to act towards it. It is divided in to two types as extrinsic and intrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is that perform a activity as service or for self satisfaction and happiness. That is the Marnie's teenage interest in the singing, sing for her satisfaction. Extrinsic motivation is that perform an activity which gives the awards,

attention, approval, applauds and money etc. In the story Marnie last signed the contract in order that considering the more money that she going to get for singing. While a performance gets the external reward with the satisfaction of the internal motivation. As the external awards increase then the internal motivation decreases. That state is called over justification. This is not explained in the story which is mentioned in the reading passage. Thus from in these set of materials can understand the motivation and two types of it clearly.

Independent organized person: In the world every individual is different, each has vivid behaviors. A person either organized or not organized. Organized means that orderly or regular, it leads to a person whose behavior is regular and orderly manner. It can be either in a good or bad. Naturally the other case is not organized means irregular that is not same at all time, such person's activity change according to environment. The both cases has some pros and cons. I wish to be a organized person rather than a not organized person. An organized person would be regular in his activities. A person's activity plan from morning as, walking and exercise, then reading news paper after get ready for office then spend time by teaching children and chatting with the friends. That kind of person would plan his every activity and execute well. It help to conscious about time so it give a satisfaction of fulfilling our duties. If a person not organized then he act according to situation that, some time wake up at early some times not, that

kind of irregularity in happens in all his activities. This decreases the respect on that person. So organized person respected by others since he perform his planned and told activities. A person's behavior also organized that is reaction for certain situations are same for all time. For example a person who don't like the lying. In his office an employee told a lie, and then his First step as a professional warning and in the second time punishes that employee severely without bother about the consequences. An organized person behaves same in for all time in certain situations. Like this persons are very strong in their beliefs. It is also a criterion for a person to be respected in the society. I wish to behave with all in a same way for certain situations so i wish to be a organized person. Organized person perform well in all activities by plan well and work hard. This persons behavior some times not help in certain situations in our life. If a person fixing time for all his activities leads to a bad impression in the family. That is small children and others in family afraid to talk and discuss with that person. So With that organized mind a person should not always concentrate on his activities and interact with all persons in a appreciable way. That is without relaxing his principle gives respect to the others wishes. Thus a organized person can behave in a good way, regular in day to day activities, face the situations with conscious so it is indeed make a better personality.

Integrated - Smoking ban. The reading passage consists the information oppose the smoking ban and incontrasts the listening passage contain supporting details for smoking ban. The information in both contradicts in three seperate ideas namely right of human, economical and second hand effects. The brief explanation for those in the folloing paragraphs.

Firstly, smoking is a person's right even though it affects the health. It is same like travel in a car, eat fast food and drink alcohol. Besides the smoke from that ciggrette would pollute the environment, for industries the government put regulations for the emission of harmful gases but for smokers the smoking ban is essential. The next, argument is based on the economic perspective. If smoking banned it is expected that many bars, restaurents etc losses its profit. Because selling of ciggrette gives them a profit of 20% so ban would affect badly their economy. However at the same time many new bars and restaurents form for attracting nonsmokers that makes the balence orelse the business man may follow the way to attract the nonsmokers. Finally, smoking affect many near by people, it is reported that 3000 people died due to the lung cancer who are nonsmokers. Smokers affected by lung cancer after 20 years smoking but it would taka more than a life time to generate lung cancer to second hand person so not seem acceptable. In contrasts smoking affects not only cause lung cancer but also cause many diseases such as heart problem that may cause death. Heart patients and astma patients are easily affected by second hand smoke so it should be banned. Thus the informations in the reading are oppose for smoking ban and viceversa in the listening passage. Each point in the reading passage is contrasted in listening passage and creat a strong idea that smoking ban is necessary for creating a healthy and pollution free society.

Distance learning and online computer classes should replace class room learningagree or disagree In the modern world growth takes place in all sectors. Education is one of the important sectors; in order to make the education convenient and more effective some improvements are introduced. That such improvements are distance education and online class rooms. The main topic is that whether the improvement replaces the existing class room system. The both systems, has some pros and cons. Even though it has some merits can not replace the class room system is my opinion. It seems to me that class room system is exists from very earlier period and it has its own advantages. That detail I am going to deal in further part of this essay. Firstly, the development of technology and fast communication made this distance education and online class rooms possible. Distance education offers degree by postal communication with out any classes and coaching. The postal learning is not so efficient because with out teacher can not learn the concepts clearly by self learning. It is the major draw back of this system so it can not replace the class room system. The other case the classes are takes place online through internet, it is slightly expensive in current situation so most of the people can not adopt it so it can not replace the class room system. The next thing is class room system of education has lot of unique merits that are not possible by the other systems so it can not be replaced by any other system. The class room system in earlier period called as ' guru kulas' that means the students reside in the teacher's home during the learning period. In that time the student learn the scientific concepts and practical life. That in currently change to schools and teacher teaches those fundamental things to the students. This kind of teaching is more lively and easy to understand it. This liveliness and the understanding is not possible in other systems. Besides this class room system offers a student to apply the concepts, that kind of applied knowledge is not possible in case of distance education and online education. The other more advantages of class room learning are discussion between students and professor is possible, and can clarify the doubts in the class these are difficult and not convenient in other systems. Finally the online education and distance education are not applicable for full time learning only for partial inconvenience. If a student learns fully in distance education it will make him a machine that memorizes the syllabus given. He isn't understands the concepts and has less practical knowledge. In some time the portion for the particular session may not covered by the professor that time use these modes of technological growth is the right choice. Because the basic fundamental is taught in class room so extension of that is can easily understood by that system. Thus the class room learning has its own advantages like better understanding of concepts, applied knowledge in subjects, discussion is possible. So for complete and satisfied learning require these criteria essentially. The people who are learns from class room only has real stuff and others can not acquire it. Although the distance education and online education are developments, it is not practical so can not replace the class room learning.

Independent - Believing the news resources and other person become difficult The improvements in the modern world are very fast in the field of information technology and telecommunication. The communication facilities are very high compare to earlier period. The happenings in the world reach from one side to next side with in minutes. That showcases the improvement in the communication. A person communicates with another person in the other end of the world by many modes video conferencing, voice mail, e-mail, telephone etc. Thus one can share information with others by many ways. These improvements make the life of people very comfortable and convenient. These improvements are not only making the life comfortable but also improving the other fields such as media, journalism. Of course the news can pass around the world with in seconds due to these improvements. Some times these help to spread the wrong information, to refine truth from it is very difficult for a common man. Even though many resources available, it is difficult to find the correct information. I agree with this statement the information obtain from many resources are rumor and ambiguous. Firstly I would like begin with, money become the main thing for all. To make more money the services like news paper, internet, news channels are spread the wrong information. These fake activities are not only has the money motivation but also the fame. Many resources to become familiar provide the wrong details about an issue thus make eager to people and increase their profit. According to ethical values these resources are not work for the profit their main aim is to spread and proclaim the truth to people. But it happen reverse in the world. In our town, an accident of two vehicles happened, many people died at the spot. The media and press provide news in which make people eager to read, not the fault which cause that accident. Thus they mainly concentrate on the writing style not the true information. This indicates that the resources for news are providing the information vaguely. The next thing is that, human lives also mostly depend on money. Money can bends the human life towards the unethical behavior. Improvement in the human life leads human to do the immoral actions with out think. Some people in the society work hard, they expect the genuine recognition for their work. But it is not possible in this corporate world, in many places the selfishness play the major role. Work was done by one person but the reward given for another that becomes the current world situation. One can not believe his college also, because he may got applauds of higher official by using our performance. This creates the doubtful relationship among the human beings. In some places the relations left a person because he is not having the luxurious life like them. That kind of unreal life is in the materialized world. So everyone should careful enough in talk and believe others.

In sum, the technological growth is not properly conveys the truth in order to make the profit one side and human relationship is not real and meaningful due to the desire to make more money and fame. So in my opinion is that it seems to me to believe others and the all information from the resources are ambiguous .

Integrated.. The reading passage constitutes the step by step procedure for solve the problem and in the listening passage the lecturer discusses the role of brakes in problem solving. The role of brake would involve in one step of the problem solving. Role of brakes in problem solving is a strategy to find the solution soon. During brake that rest time allow brain to work continuously on solving the problem finds the solution. For instance F.A Kakule find the arrangement of carbon atom in the benzene is ring shaped while sleeping in the dream of snake whirling around. But his idea even though acceptable other researchers disagree that working of unconcious mind. The faculty explains the role of brakes in two ways, first one is the solution is appeared during the brake then it remembered after wake up. It is explained by the example of Fullerin's experience. Fullerine found an idea to creat geodesert from the appearance of multiple triangle in his dream. The next one is that, during the rest allows the mind in a different way which is more feasible way to obtain solution thus the solution can found easily. According to reading passage, the author explains the steps to solve problem, first identification of problem, then generate alternate solutions, after that select one from that generated solution, finally that selected solution is implemented and tested. The identification of problem is involves with the functional aspects and it has more imporance to get the solution. Then come the generation of various solutions in this step the role of break play a key role to find various solutions. For example consider a brake such as sleep, during sleeping the incubation effect allows brain to work on problem and find the solution. After that the pros and cons of each solution are listed and from that information select the best solution. That appropriate solution is implemented and tested. If it is not work well then again repeat from the first step problem identification.

Independent - Studying abroad. Planning is necessary in every human's life, In my life my aim from the childhood was study abroad. My parents planned my career according to my aim so I prepare myself to qualify for that opportunity. From these statements it is inferred that I am like this experience. I am very much interesting to know about foreign education method, gain a valuable experience and more knowledge in my field and of course shape my career. Firstly, I would like to begin with my interests towards that opportunity. I am very much eager to talk with the foreign people and know about the culture. While I was studying tenth grade, I met a foreign person who visits our school. In that meeting I happen to know about the studying methods and the places there. That makes me more interesting towards that. Again in my college life, I have many experiences like this. Many of my seniors continue their higher studies in abroad; they used to visit our college yearly. At that time their talk and behavior inspires me to study abroad. These experiences are a half food for my eagerness to know about the abroad, I fulfill that by doing higher studies in abroad. Another point I would like to discuss is to gain valuable experience and more knowledge in my field. By study abroad one can have the chance to know about the culture and people in that country which will be a good experience. In my undergraduate studies I got the well theoretical fundamentals on my field, study abroad would provide opportunity to learn more in my subjects. In addition that many recent research is going on my field, by studying abroad I could have the opportunity to do research. It would enrich my knowledge and experience in my studies. To gain valuable experience about that country and acquire more knowledge are possible so I like this opportunity. Apart from these two reasons, every one's aim is to reach a prosperous carrer, which is different for each individual. That prosperous career may be defined as to got a good salary job or start a business. To achieve that is by having the qualification for that career. I would like to gain much knowledge in my field and do something for the society for that I need to get a good job. To gain more knowledge by studying abroad and got a job using that knowledge gained.

In sum I like the opportunity of studying abroad to know about abroad, to gain more knowledge and valuable experience and using that shape my career to serve my society.

Independent- built a restaurant in your area support or oppose the plan give your reasons. Our home is in more congested area of the town. In that area built a new restaurant has both pros and cons. The restaurant is a place people gather to eat and enjoy variety of food. At the same time it also has some difficulties like transportation, population, market for the restaurant are the factors may affect the profit and the people's comfortable life. First analyze the plan by comparing the advantages and disadvantages then choose the beneficial one. In my view built a new restaurant in our area is not a good plan because it would cause difficulty for the management of that restaurant and people. I strengthen my perspective by stating following reasons and examples. I would like to elucidate my view in the following paragraphs. First of all, a restaurant would attract people which have more space for people to eat and pleasant atmosphere. In our area nearby one textile mill there so it would create a noisy atmosphere, it will not provide a pleasant environment. The other requirement for a good restaurant is that spatial, my neighborhood areas are fully residential so they can build at the maximum very small restaurant which can accommodate twenty people at one time. Thus our area atmosphere is not feasible to provide the spatial area and pleasant atmosphere so it seems to me it is not good to build the restaurant in our area. Another point is that if a restaurant is built there many people will come so traffic problems arouse since our area is congested place. In our area many of people stop their car in the street; it would generate the parking problem. The person come for restaurant can not meet those problems. Even the management of restaurant offer parking by servants then it would affect the people living there. If the restaurant come in our area would not concentrate on their profit but they need to solve the problems in street for parking. So it is also an unfavorable criterion to build a restaurant. Furthermore, our residential area can not afford the pollution generated. If a restaurant functions there are lot of wastes even though they are degradable bio

wastes generate unpleasant smell so it is not afford by the people living there. It may be generate some diseases in our area. Thus built a restaurant affect the healthy life of the people living there. Thus this also indicate built a restaurant is not favorable. Since our area mostly family area no place like industrial area if it is a family restaurant then it would not affect people's day to day life. If it introduce bar and dancing club then it would spoil the culture in our area and affect the normal life of people. Of course, built a family restaurant in our area has some advantages such as, it would offer a chance to eat together, and can eat variety of foods. Thus it would helps to improve human relation ship in our area. Then in some family may order food in restaurant in urgent times. Hence the restaurant would really helpful in urgent situations. There is lot of families in our area that is population is high so it also improves the profit of the restaurant. In sum by comparing the advantages with the disadvantages for the plan to build a restaurant in our area, it showcases that it has many disadvantages. Even though the plan has some advantages, the disadvantages more so it would not allow the restaurant to function continuously. Our area is a congested place so mainly these unfavorable to built that restaurant, to select a location for the restaurant by comparing this place would be a best option.

Independent - media influences the personal life of celebrities mostly agree/disagree reasons and details
Celebrity or famous persons are normal human being who are expressed their talents in such a way that is admired by many of others. Celebrities are inspiring the people and influence their action by their performance that is reach ordinary people by media like newspaper, television, cinema etc. Many people are made celebrity by media so it plays a important role in their life. I agree with this statement to support my assertion by following reasons and details. Firstly, I would like to discuss about the celebrities in the entertaining field. In the film industry the artists perform in order to attract the other people from all age group. Their performance is admired by all people and they inspired by the character role of the celebrities. For example, in our country in bolly wood a famous hero Sha ru kan was perform a young student role who become a big business man by his hard work and confidence in that film. That character is admired by many young students and many people who are try to be more successful people. As a hero he performs well in that film that inspires many of young people to work hard and win in their profession. Thus the celebrity become close to the common

people's lives. Unless media is not there these kinds of things are not happen. And the celebrity also not knew by many people. So the celebrity's each and every activity is admired by the people so in each time he is watched by the media since people are the ultimate goal of media. It show cases that media influences the personal life of a celebrity. Another reason, is that many sports personalities are become celebrity because of media only. They are enlightened by the media to watch by many people. A sports person remains as in that level then he is not in the interest of people. While a sports person come for media like television, news paper to advertise some products then he is known by many people. The sports man's actions are keenly watched by the young children they thought to become like that sports man buy that energy drink, which is advertised by him. For instance, in India many people knew the great cricket player sachin tendulkar, he come to advertisement of energy drink, biscuit, car, bicycle etc. Thus media using the sports person's actions advertises those products, the young children and people also attracted by this and buy those products. It increases the fame for the player with the marketing of those products. If a player familiar by these kind of ways so his each and every actions are watched by media because he was known to all people. Thus a player becomes celebrity by media and his personal life also mostly influenced by media. I conclude by, stating one thing that is some reputed people such as Mahatma Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln, Dr. Ambedkar and so on, are celebrity and their personal life mostly influences the normal people. Their fame is by their service and thoughts it is not influenced by media. Nowadays each and every activities of celebrities such as a small talk, gossip with family members etc. watched by media because these kind of information is mostly liked by people so in order to increase their profit they do this. It is the reason for media's interest on celebrity's personal life. Thus many celebrities lives are mostly influenced by media by their performance in their field.

In the modern world everyone need to work for their survival. The convenient life is not possible or can not achieve the fundamental requirements without the work or job. So the working is important criteria or requirement for a person to live in this planet. People are working to lead a happy life; hence it is clear that to acquire happiness people working. To work for a long time the job should be not contemptible or hard. These kinds of thought are come to mind while people not involve their mind and body on job. So the effective involvement makes the life fine and work ease and interesting. It seems to me that the statement is correct, that mind satisfaction on a job is the happiness than the salary for job. The job satisfaction is relys on the mind to involve any work. The accuracy is reduced over the repitition of any job. For instance in our home, I used to buy snacks for our family daily evening, after many years all of our family members wait for me to snacks without take coffee. Using that advantage I am not go to that shop to bring snacks, thus I deviate from my duty as a younger member

of that family. This deviation due others irresponsibility and my over confidence in doing that work. So one should do the job happy and with out pride then only could win in the world. If a person working for higher salary then in that effort not only based on the real talent but also rests on the covet to acquire more money. That covet to acquire more money is more than that of the job satisfaction. Due to the less concentration in job the worker concentrate primarily on the money offered by the costomer. So the money paid for the work is related to the performance. If more money was paid then the work was perfect where as less money paid then work is not as perfect. So money over comes the performances thus it reduces the geniuinity of work. Here the satisfaction for the mind to complete a work is not taken in to account but the amount of money paid for accomplishment is calculated so the job satisfaction could not be achieved. The job satisfaction means that a person's inner mind happiness while performing a particular task which is very much interesting to them. That is real happiness which is not achieved by the money. The happiness achieved by money is not real aswellas not remain for a long time. The happiness by higher salary is can help for the worldly life but not for the inner mind. The inner mind would be happy while do the job with complete involvement. Real happiness is more important for our life than the worldy requirement . To achieve that the job should be satisfaction to the mind and the costomer. We could got these status by doing any job with the complete involvement and interest. From these statements it is indeed that the more imporatant think is to do the job better way to our mind than the salery expected.

Integrated globalization adv/disadv..

In this lecture the speaker contrasts the information in the reading passage. The reading passage discusses the beneficals of the globalization in contast the listening part has some points to oppose those points in the reading passage.

The positive aspects of the globalization is discussed in three points. First one is the globalization increases the capital invest across the countries and decrease the imports. Thus it cause to improve all countries' economy. Howvever it improves the economy of country, it widens the gab between the poor and rich countries. It show cases the rich countries become more richer where as the poor countries become more poorer. It is explained by showing the growth of a country incraeases as six fold in gross domestic product and at the same time it widens the gab three fold with the poor country. Thus it arques that the growth one side is balence in other side by causing a poor country to become more poorer.

The second positive aspect is that globalization cause rapid spread of the technology, hence it impart the noval things faster in many countries. It improves the efficiency and cause the development. Event though it improves the country's economy it would not happen in all countries. It may improves the growth of one country at the same time may decrease the growth of some country. That is globalization reduces the gab between the rich and poor in the same country not globally. Thus it contrasts with the information in the reading passage.

Finally the globalization cause to improve the technologies by sharing the employyees across the countries. It is not happen in many countries is the arquement of the speaker. Thus the speaker in lisenting passage contrasts every points made by the author in the reading passage.

Independent -Some of the experiences which shaped your out look and the way you live now?................ Successful persons are not born but they are made by shapeing their life in a particular way which leads them to that position. There are many instances may shape our life either to good or bad behavior. I would like to share some of my unforgettable experiences which ae change my views towards the external world. First of all, I would like to start from the recent one. In my college last month, my friend went to the university with the head severe head ache. He engaged in that

journey without expecting any bad happenings. But he was met with a difficult situation in that journey, that he lost his concious with the fitz due to the severe head ache. In such situation by the near by co passenger only we got this news. Suddenly we arrange him a place in the near by station and stop his journey. So from this experience I got the view that to consider all effects of an issue. Here if my friend considered the effects of his head ache he will not meet such situations by engaging that travel. Another situation is that in my school days while in twelfth grade, once I went to the place where my friends are playing. Before that I am not engaged with such hang out events in my school life. Then this meet would be a chance to improve the relationship with friends more thicker. I am not think in such a way that hanging out friends would leads to more thick friendship. That situation is also change my view to the other side from hanging out friends will spoil the studies to improve the relationship with friends. Then in my tenth grade I had an experience which change my study habit. At that time my view is that can get more marks by concentrating on studies and i am not taking in to account the practise. In one exam in tenth grade I am not got good marks in maths, that would make me to think why my mark reduced? Then after many confusions I arrived at the answer that lack of practise from my maths teacher. I like my maths teacher and share my all problems in studies with him in my school days. From that situation l learnt that practise is more important in some subjects such as maths, science etc. After that I spend much time on practise by solving the excercise problems in maths like subjects. Untill now I follow this strategy which i learnt in my school days. These such experiences which are change my views on small tasks that effects in many places in my life.

Teacher is a person who activates the intellectual ability of everyone. From them only a student can learn the essential things required to live in this world. So the teacher's part in this life is very important. According to an adage teachers are the people next to parents in everyone's life. Since the teacher has such a importance they should fulfill that responsibility. For that well relationship with students is very important. A good teacher must know the subject well ethically, but to do the job with full mental satisfaction they need to relate well with others. I agree with this statement, and would like to elucidate my views in following paragraphs. First of all, in primary school, the students are the younger ones. That is the beginning of studies in a human life. There in order to feed the fundamental knowledge well, the teachers should relate well with the children. It becomes essential because to teach a child is not easy task. While I was in the primary school, my teachers are like my mother and show care and affection that helps me to learn well. Thus the learning efficacy will increase while the relationship with the teacher is well. Another important thing is the students are not approach a teacher who is strict to them. For instance in my eighth grade, my science miss was very strict. I am afraid of their punishments and impositions for the home work. So I am fear to ask anything to them. Thus here the lack of relationship with teacher makes them ineffable person. This would make the learning difficult. In other words the teacher couldn't understand the requirements of students with out good relationship. There the purpose of their job is lost so the well relationship with the students would make the teaching efficient. Further more a teacher should know the subject well. However a teacher having a vast knowledge in the particular subject but they don't relate well with students. The knowledge they have is not use. So for perfect learning, not only the subject knowledge is sufficient but also the good relation with the students essential. If a teacher know that how to relate well with students then they can teach even the unknown subject to some extent. Subject knowledge also essential for a good teacher but the purpose is that to transfer it to students. The efficiency of teaching is relies on the relationship with the students. How well they understand the students they can teach that much. On the whole, a good teacher should posses a well behavior to relate with the students. To do their job with full efficiency they require an essential criterion. That is to relate well with the students. A teacher may teach without knowing the subject if they understand the student, hence it assures that the important thing is the well relation than the subject knowledge.

Independent - Building a school in Ur area advantageous/disadvantageous give reasons and examples.. School is a place where the learning in our life starts officially. A good school should provide good quality of education. The quality may be depends on the way of teaching, curriculum of the school etc. Although school is a place where many children are educated, the location of it is important. The place should be feasible to locate the school. So to start a school in a particular location, first should analyze the pros and cons of the place with respect to school. In my view building a high school in our area has merits and demerits. In the beginning analyze both and then I would like to conclude this by stating my side. First of all I would like to define our residential area. It constitutes wide streets with many skyscraper apartments. In our area around that there is a large place for ground. It is used as a playground by many children. But there is no school is near to that. Since our area not has school the plan to build a high school would improve our area. It is the first nearest school for many children. Thus our area will be developed by building a school. Another reason is that, building a school reduce burden of many people in our area. Many of people in our area send their children to residential school for schooling. This happens because there is no school is near to our place. I also studied in a school which is the nearest school in our area. To reach that school daily I need to get ready very early otherwise I could not attend the school on that day. Because there is not many buses available in time. In addition to that many small children can not study by go to school through bus. So our area people send their children to local small primary school since there is no way to send their children to a big school. This also indicates that building a high school is advantageous to many people. Furthermore, building a school with high quality is safe for the children in our people. Besides safety it also improves the literacy of our area. It also has some disadvantages; for instance in our area there is a market place which has a sports club it may affect the studies of children. The children may deviate from studies due to that club. The other disadvantage is that it is difficult to make a pleasant atmosphere to build a school. Because our area is not having many children, since now no more school. These difficulties can overcome by suitable remedial measures. On the whole by comparing the advantages with the disadvantages to build a high school near our area, it has many advantages. Building a school change the atmosphere pleasant, helpful for many families to make their child study near to them and reduce the burden of many parents. The difficulties were seemed very ineffective, it will be changed over the time. Thus building a school near to our area is more advantageous.

Independent - Various reasons for which people are working other than making money give examples and reasons. Money is the essential one for everyone, since one can acquire most of the fundamental facilities through money. It shows that one can require money for survival of life. So the ultimate aim of all the people is to make the needed money for remain in this world. The money can either made through the good way or bad way. It is based on the way we choose. According to the job chosen people make the money, there they do various kinds of work to acquire money ultimately. While we look in to this based on the work, we may find various different reasons for working. Even though the ultimate aim is money, some other reasons also there for working. Because money only can not satisfies a human. The other possible reason for working is in general, self satisfaction. I would like to state my further points on this reason in following paragraphs. The self satisfaction includes, many things, it is differs for each profession. For instance consider an engineer; he is not only work for the money to but also for his mental satisfaction. The mental satisfaction is that to fulfill the project with in the time with the expected perfection. These are the general expectations of any professionals. Some engineers having an ambition to build a dream building or bridge with the world record. Thus making a record or done a extraordinary work also a reason for working. Another one which gives the self satisfaction is that serving to the society. Many professionals such as doctors, scientists work for serving the society. The doctors are work for achieve the healthy society, by treating the poor people with the care and affection. The other profession is scientists who are working to produce a novel thing which make a considerable change in society. The change is that to make the human life convenient and comfortable. Thus serve the society also the prime reason for many professionals rather than making more money. Furthermore, people are working to lead a healthy life; if they leave the job then they won't be healthy. These kinds of people do the work with the complete involvement. They do the job not for money but for their interest. Thus some people work for their interest such as sports persons, actors, artists etc. These people involve such profession because of their own interest. Without interest they can't remain in that profession. The interest gives the involvement, which is the ultimate aim for any profession. Thus another important reason which gives the self satisfaction in the profession is the interest. On the whole, people, involved in the profession not only for money but also for self satisfaction. The self satisfaction is achieved by various modes such as the

spirit to acquire ambition, serving society and own interest in particular field. These are the various reasons for which people are working through which the output for all those things is gain more money...

Some people prefer to work for themselves or own a business. Others prefer to work for an employer. Would you rather be self employed, work for someone else, or own a business? Use specific reasons to explain your choice. People either work in a organization or own a business. It is depends upon their mind. Some people interested to do business; they have the talent to manage an organization. Some others wish to have less tension so they work for an employer. Thus the decision is depends upon the mindset we have. According to my view working for an employer is convenient for my life. I would like to elucidate my reasons and details for that opinion in following paragraphs. First of all, Working for an employer is that to complete a particular objective with in certain duration. There it is possible to concentrate on that one objective and do well after that engage with other one. On the other hand in doing a business there are many objectives such as, improve the production, marketing, maintain the quality of product without affect the profit. So it seems to me a burden, and also increases the stress. For people who are interest in business can concentrate with involvement. Since I am not interested it would not be a better option for me. Another reason is that, a person who is working in an organization is work for certain duration everyday and can put leave for any personal work. He could spend rest of the time for his personal life such as teach children, tour with family etc. It is not possible for a person who manages an organization. The person would be the incharge of the all activities in the business so he can not leave from office all times. He could manage sometimes but it is not happen all times. Since the important decisions are relies on him, he should not spend much time for his personal life. I would like to spend time with my family and enjoy the life so I prefer to work for an organization rather own a business. Moreover, owning a business and improve that is not a easy task. It requires a good mindset as well as the interest. The mindset is that the person can withstand the loss and regain the profit by continuous trying. It is not possible with out a fine involvement and interest. I am not that much courageous person to withstand loss; I will be fall down for a small loss. So I feel that it is not suitable for me to do a business.

On the whole, doing a business with a spirit, dedication and talent is require to sacrifice the happiness of family, rest, etc So to live a happy life without worry about any thing I would prefer to work for an employer rather than owning a business.

Integrated- Electoral College.. In the reading passage the author explains that the function of the Electoral College and its background. The listening part constitutes the comments on the reading passage. The speaker starts the comments with the presidential election, which occur every four years. The presidential election must be according to the will of the people. However it is due to the influence of the Electoral college it might deviate. According to the reading passage the Electoral College is compromise the confusions in the election and it also done favors to the people. Thus here the author contrasts the statement made by the speaker. Another point is the voting allotted for the small states and the large states. Since the larger states have more population, it has more weightage where as in smaller states the population is comparatively less so it has less weightage. Though the Electoral College compromises, it does not reflects the people's decision. In contrasts the author make the assertion that the Electoral College is exists more than two hundred years. It assures that its decisions are accepted by people. Finally, the Electoral College's fixed number of votes for the smaller states is if increased then it may change the situation. Thus the speaker suggests to incorporate the people's decision in the selection of the president. Thus the listening passage contradicts the author's information in the reading passage.

Independent- Management positions/Individual responsibility positions which do u prefer, reasons and examples People either choose management oriented career or individual responsibility oriented career. It depends upon the interest, involvement and mindset. In my view I would like to choose a Individual responsibility rather than management position. Since the management position requires more responsibility, devotion and dependency etc. I would like to elucidate the reasons and examples to support my opinion in following paragraphs. First of all, a management position has many responsibility. For example consider a head master of school, he has the responsibility of managing school. That one responsibility includes, the quality of education in school, fundamental requirements of students, supervision of teachers in school etc. Thus a person who works in such a position should face all the requirements. On the other hand in the indivdual responsibility is easily fulfilled by self interest and working. Because it does not has more responsibilities. In a person who works in a factory, the wages he acquired is according to his work done. So if he feels individual responsibility then he would work for the wages. Another reason is the management position is requires high degree of devotion. A person who work in such a position is can not face the situations without the interest and involvement. For instance consider a industry manager. He is responsible for all the works in that industry, and sometimes he may need to work

for extra time to fulfill his works. So he may not spend much time for his personal life such as family and children. Since he is responsible for all the works in the factory, he need to sacrifice all those such happiness. Such a devotion to the work is requires for management position. In my case I wish to spend much time with family and for enjoying the external world. So I seek a position of individual responsibility. Furthermore, the burden for the person in management is more compare to the individual responsibility related jobs. In the former the person need to depend on the employees in the whole organisation. The person need to concious about others. In the later case the person depends only on his abilities since he is working for his life.The management position requires the dependency of others to function the organisation in harmony. I feel it is difficult to direct others to work so I would like to choose the career based on the individual responsibility. On the whole the individual responsibility is better for me because it has less responsibility, can spend time in other than job and less difficult. I seek a career which based on the individual responsibilty to prove myself.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should never judge a person by external appearances. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. To lead a better life the communication among the people is important. Communication with known and unknown people is different. While communicating with the unknown one should be careful. Because it is difficult to judges the unknown by external appearance. The judgment might be wrong. Judging others is very important in any relationship. The external judging may not be true since there is a possibility to change. I am agrees with the statement and would like to elucidate my views with the reasons and details in the following paragraphs. Firstly, judging others by appearances is might cause problem. Because a person judges other less than him, then while realizing the fact that the other person is in higher position than him it could be a problem for him. So people should be careful enough to judging others. The same thing also may happen in reverse also. That is judging a less expertise as genius by his appearance. Then it may cause to lack of

respect for genius. In addition to that it may be the expression of his humility. So to avoid these kinds of situations one should not judge others by external appearance. Another reason is that, external appearance may be attractive and desirable but while see in depth it may not the desirable one. In the advertisements all the products are shown very attractive but many of them not have the expected quality. So an object coming in the advertisement is difficult to judge whether it is good or not. In our life we need to believe others for many things for example in marriage one person should choose a life partner should not see the external attraction. If a person seen the external appearance then the life won't be a happiest one. Thus people who want the reality in life should not believe the external appearance. Moreover, judging others is a respectable thing so one should careful. Many genius people are living a simple life, at the same time some people seem more attractive externally without any stuff. To understand others the external appearance not only sufficient but also certain time of thinking and the relationship is necessary. All people consider the self respect of them, judging others is one way of maintaining the self respect. So in order to maintain self respect one should not judge others by external appearance. Thus judging others according to the external appearance will be problematic in many cases and it would affect the respect of ours. By considering these impacts we may not live without others relationship. In order to have the smooth relationship we should have the safe relationship. That relationship should not harm others; this would lead us to a good position in the society.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Boys and girls should attend separate schools. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Learning starts from school for every child. The separation in our life starts from sex. Our ancestors form regulations that boys and girls are separated in every activity. As the time goes the world improves in all aspects but not in these separations. In addition to sex the separation occurs between people by religion,

community, race, language etc. Even though these separation increase, for some extent this is reduced by the philosophers. That causes the changes such as same place of study for both boys and girls. There are two varieties such as co-education where both boys and girls studying in same school and separate education where boys separate school and girls separate school. Thus the education system breaks in to two divisions. According to my view co-education is better than the separate education and I would like to elucidate the reasons and examples in the following paragraphs. First of all, the world has two different human that is boy and girl. To grow a better relationship from young it is necessary. If children study in the co-education school they can develop the mind that has the healthy relationship with the opposite sex. There boys can have the friendship with the girls from their earlier ages. In the world a good society formed when the relationship is good so to form a improved life co-education method helps. The separate education has many disadvantages. For example a boy who is studying in the separate school, it would generate a distance with girls from young ages. While he go for work or higher studies there it is difficult to work with the girl or study with the girl. Since he maintains a distance from earlier it would become wider so he hesitates to talk or work with a girl. Besides he also doesnt know how to move with a girl. So it affects the professional career. In many organizations take employees based on the communication skills and the ability to relate with others. So there it is difficult for both boys and girls who are studying in separate schools. Thus to make their career prosperous it is essential to study in co-educational school. Furthermore, our ancestors make the rule that boys and girls are study in separate school because they also consider in many points such as to limit the relationship and to make the children to understand the culture. Their aim is to grow their child from the younger age itself disciplined and cultured so they limited their rights. Although there is a need to improve the culture, it is important to coincide with the growth of the corporate world. In order to live with the world it is important to improve the relationship with the boys and girls. Thus it becomes necessary to study in a co-education school rather than separate school. On the whole to improve the fundamental relationship between boys and girls, and to have a good professional career, survive in the corporate world co-education is essential. To shape our career in a good way it is better to study in co-educational school.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Businesses should do anything they can to make a profit. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

Business is also one among the career which people choose. It is chosen primarily for two reasons, to earn more money and the mindset to manage others. Profit is also one of the aims of doing business. But it should not be the most important one. Because profit not only acme for businessman other than this it has lot of pleasures. The other things are satisfaction in work, earn respect of people, broaden the market for product etc. So solely for profit doing business is made a good impact on the society. It would loss its name and fame very soon due to the lack of quality. I am disagree with the statement and would like to elucidate my reasons and examples in the following paragraphs. First of all, business is the production and marketing of a product. To do business well a person should have the interest on that profession that is he should knew thoroughly about that product and its market in the local area and other areas. Simply expecting a high profit one can not do business well. So to do business well one should necessarily concentrate on that profession rather than the result (profit). To make profit the product marketed by the business man should be attracted by common people. To attract common people product should be cheap, useful, durability etc. Some businessmen advertise their product by false information in order to make more profit. If a person expect more profit soon then he would not be achieve that instead he would meet the loss. To acquire more profit they handle the trick that reduce the quality and size slightly and increase the number of product per unit cost. These strategies are soon identified by people so they can not long last in the market. So simply expecting profit one can not do the business. Furthermore, there are many kind of happiness in doing business. For example, in our country Tata motors introduce a new product which is a car for one lakh rupees. That is attracted by many people, since that product has the certification to prove the quality. That is one direct happiness by acquiring the attraction of many people where as the indirect way of happiness is that mind satisfaction and wishes of the families which bought that product. Thus it would be mind satisfaction to the business man also. Thus it is not able to do a business by simply expecting profit beyond which it constitutes many advantages. On the whole doing a business for profit is should be part of the ultimate goal, the real goal is to satisfy the common people and the mind satisfaction. So if every businessman do business like that then the people life will improve rapidly thus we form the developed world....

Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed peoples lives. automobiles bicycles airplanes Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Automobiles, bicycles and airplanes these three modes of transportation facilities have its own impact on people's lives. The first invention among this is bicycle it is lead to the further improvements of automobiles and airplanes. The bicycle's improved versions are automobiles such as cars and bikes. The airplanes are advanced transportation. According to functional each vehicles is used for different purposes. The domestic transport within the town can use bicycle, if the distance more than that near by town then there is a need for automobiles. Airplanes are used to travel very high distances and overseas. In my view I feel that bicycle is has the more impact on people's lives since it is the initiator, easiest and cheapest mode of transport. I would like to elucidate my perspective with the reasons and examples in the following paragraphs. First of all, bicycle is the older in time compare to other two, it implies that it initiates the development of other two. It is the easiest mode of transport and can use it for domestic travelling purpose. In the earlier days people travel by walk from one place to other. Bicycle is the first thing change the life of people considerable faster at that time. While comparing the development from the bicycle to automobile with that of walking to bicycle the later one is the appreciable one. Because it reduces the time consumption of travel and increases the comfortability of people. Thus considering bicycle as the initiator to automobile and change the people's life faster it seems to me that bicycle has made the considerable change in people's life. Another reason is that the recent development made the automobile vehicle; it has some problems such as pollution and accident. Since the automobile uses hydrocarbon fuel so it generates lot of carbon di oxide and pollutes the world. If a person ride automobile vehicle carelessly and very fast it would be a danger to his life. These problems are not in bicycle. Bicycle not generates any pollution and it does not cause fatal accident while ride fast. Thus considering these advantages bicycle is safe and ecofriendly though it not faster the travel. So people widely use bicycle, still it is in usage so it change the people's lives. Furthermore bicycle is not only help for safe travel but also cheap. Bicycle is used by even poor people since it is less cost and not need fuel. In other words riding bicycle not requires any fuel it would be a physical exercise. Thus it seems to me bicycle is helps all ways in ecofriendly, economically to improve the people's lives so it change the people's lives more than the other two modes of transportation.

Integrated - Globalization The reading passage contains the benefits due to the global market where as in the listening part consists of the happenings in twentieth century due to the globalized market. The information in the listening part is contrasts with the reading passage. According to the reading passage the first benefit of the global market is it widens the opportunities by allowing collaborating with many developed countries. It would increase the capital investment across the countries and leads to the improved business. However at the same time its effect also affect negatively. As the speaker says in the listening passage the globalization in which rate increase the market at the same rate it make the poor country poorer. It widens the gap between the rich and poor countries by causing rich country become richer and vice versa. The other point that made by the author is that globalization will cause the rapid growth and increase of knowledge and improve the technology. Where the speaker contradicts it by stating the data of Gross Domestic Product(GDP) growth the globalization increase the growth of GDP six fold and at the same time it increase the poverty in countries. It also causes to widen the gap between the rich and poor countries three fold. It means that poor country become poorer, in other words within the country also that gap widens. Finally the author state one benefit that globalization is helpful for the employees. The employees from the developing countries have the opportunity to work in the developed countries. Thus it would be a chance to learn new technology and help to increase the knowledge. It is contradicted by the speaker by stating the actions of developed countries. That is developed countries offer little amount of salary compare to their country worker to the other country counterpart. This less salary is more comparing to the home country salary so people working there. Thus it again causes the depression of growth. Thus the speaker in the listening passage contradicts the all points made by the author in the reading passage.

Independent - Experiences which are shape Ur life to the way U live now The experiences are the lessons we learn in the life school. So every experience shapes our self in a particular way. After each experience one's outlook changed according to the effect of that previous experience. So our ancestors say in an adage "Experience is the best teacher", yes it is true that we can learn lot of things through the experiences. I also had many experiences which are shaped my life into the way I live now. Some experiences taught about persons and some about our behavior towards the society. Thus experiences shape our life personally as well as socially. Firstly I would like to share the experience which leads me to study in a reputed research institute. During schooling I am very much interested in science. An incident increases it into many folds. That is a story told by our science teacher. I like my science teacher's class since his way of teaching is really attractive and lively. One day he told in our class about the scientists Curie couple. From that I knew that Curie couples were excellent scientists who very much interested in the science and invented Radium which finds multifarious uses in the current world. That inspired me to do something to science not big as Curie couple like discover in their own interest. Then I fix my goal as to become a scientist so I joined this prestigious research institute to pursue a research career. Another experience is that which I had just before my admitted to the institute where I am studying now. Here I realize that money makes all people differ even blood relation. After completing the twelfth grade I got seat in the wished research institute, and then my problem is to pay the fees. For that I went to ask from my both mother and father way relations. Then they all refuse to give money, since am not having any source to return it. At that time my only asset is my mark. In the mean time I go to the bank for request loan. There also the same problem due to the security for the money given to me. I overcome that security problem by the relations who wish to help me to pursue a prosperous career. There I realize the golden words A friend in need is a friend indeed Thus this experience teaches me a lesson that even though son and mother have similar characteristics but the mouth and stomach different for both. Further more, I would like to discuss one more experience which in my twelfth grade. This is related to my studies and changes my study habit in a efficient way. In my twelfth grade there are lot of subjects even I study well all subjects not got good results in my class tests. I am not encountered such a problem ever before in

my studies. Then I think patiently and ask suggestions from my faculties there. They find the problem for me and taught the correct way also. That is I am studying all details in subject extensively and wrote in exams on my own there I miss many points. So they advised me to study deeply and practice writing to remember all the concepts. From that I practice in that manner and it is continued in my college studies also. Thus this experience changes my study behavior in a more effective way. On the whole, there are many experiences changes my life but the one I stated here are significant and made the considerable change in my life as well as my behavior. In every experience I have firm hope that I find a perfect way to face one situation that hope I realize all these experiences.

Some people are always in a hurry to go places and get things done. Other people prefer to take their time and live life at a slower pace. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. The world becomes faster and smaller with the technological development. In this modern world people also wants do done all things faster. So they prefer choices which done things faster and cheaper. Many people doing their job in a hurry in order to complete their job soon. I am not agreeing with this, doing a work in a hurry does not help to complete it with perfection. Hence patience and clear thinking is necessary before engaging in to any work. That is also mentioned in an adage "Slow and steady wins the race" to win the life race we should done our works with perfect thinking and confidence in a steady pace. I would like to elucidate my view by providing reasons and examples in the following paragraphs. Firstly, I would like to begin with, the work which is done in a patient manner is succeed. We should do our work with patience and should not be idle. If we rush to do any thing then it would become waste that is told by our ancestor as "Haste makes waste" This I am realize in a experience, In my tenth grade I like to play video games but in our home that is not there. So I asked my mother many times and make them agree to buy that if I got class first in my exam. As I told to my mother got the first mark in my exam and subsequently I rush my mother to shop and buy the video games. In that hurry I miss the new game release in the weak after our purchase. So my hurry leads me to miss that new game version. After that I set my mind should be patient in any thing. Another reason is if we do a work in a hurry then there is a possibility to miss any important thing. I do realize that also in my life experience. After completion of my schooling I applying for undergraduate in many institutes since I am very much

interested in doing research based course. There also my hurry play a role, I started the application procedure just before two days of deadline. I complete it in a hurry and miss to attach a particular document. Then after sending that also I am not realize. Later one weak one letter from that university comes to my house in regard of that important document. As soon as I receive letter, I took it to university so I got admission. This experience also makes me more patience and does all works in a steady pace. Furthermore, in order to work in a steady pace people should not be idle. Many people understand the patience in the wrong meaning they think that patience means work for less time and sleep for more time. My brother done like this in my school days, I always instructed him to wake up early but also he doesn't consider my words. One day he realizes himself when he went late to an important exam. Thus I understood the importance of time and doing work in particular pace. On the whole these experiences I had in my life are helps me to be a patient person and do my works perfect to a level of my knowledge. These things are I learned from my mother's advices and real experiences. So be patient and work continuously makes a person surely successful.

Integrated- smoking ban. The speaker provide the information in the listening passage which supports the smoking ban where as in the reading passage opposes the points in the listening passage. Both passages discuss the topic in three aspects such as personal right, economics and second hand effects. I would like to elucidate the points discussed in reading and listening part one by one in the following paragraphs. First of all, I would like to discuss the personal right. According to the reading passage, smoking ban and increase of the tax on smokers will affect the personal freedom of the people; hence it opposes the smoking ban. That point is contrasted in the listening passage it won't affect the freedom and provide the pollution free environment and improve the health of people's lives. Another point is made in the reading part that, smoking ban cause loss to many bars and clubs since it is the business which gives the twenty per cent of profit. Thus it affects the economy of the country. At the same time the new businesses will start to attract the people who are non-smoking thus the country's economy balanced thus the speaker contrasts the information in the reading passage. Finally the author of reading passage contradicts the second hand effect of smoking. A person who is smoking will affect by lung cancer in twenty years of smoking so it wouldn't cause the harm soon for the second hand persons who inhale

the smoke of cigarette. The people inhale cigarette smoke not only affected by the lung cancer but also affected by other diseases such as heart problem. Heart problem is a serious one cause many people to death. Many people have the threat to affected by other such health problems due to the second hand smoke. Thus it contradicts the information in the reading passage. On the whole while comparing the information in the reading and listening passage each and every point is contrasted. In these three points, personal right, economics and second hand problems the information in the reading passage is clearly contradicted in the listening passage.

Independent- agree/disagree online and distance learning will replace the class room learning. In our life learning is a continuous process which has no ends. A person starts learning from his birth and end by the death. So the life is journey of learning. Learning may be formal or informal. The former is defined as learn through schools and academic institutions. The later one is defined as personal experiences have in our life other than formal. The formal learning is advanced nowadays to self learning from the class room learning. In older days the formal learning is in the teacher's home for a period of time that is 'gurukula' is evolved in to online learning and distance learning now. Even though many new methods arise the classical method of class room learning has many advantages in this period also. I am disagree with the statement; and would like to elucidate the reasons and examples for my views in the following paragraphs.

First the class room learning has unique advantages so it is remain now also. There are in the class room learning the students interact with the professor directly and the interaction will be live. Such a lively discussion makes the learning efficient and would cause to produce many talented professionals. These advantages are not in the online learning or distance learning. Even though there is lot of materials available, the lack liveliness and perfect guidance is make it inefficient. While considering distance learning students can not learning all the things by self, certainly some live guidance is necessary to understand what we are studying. In our life we require guidance of elders in our every activity like that in studies also the guidance of faculty should be necessary. Another reason is that learning through the online and distance education is lack in practical aspects and unimaginable. In online learning the professor may take the class in online but can not explain such facts through online and some facts which explained by professor are not imaginable by students. In class room learning only the professor fulfill these aspects of teaching. Class room learning is necessary for professors to understand the student level and teach as effective possible. Thus a student could not learn all aspects in one subject and understood through online or distance learning some live classes requires to explain some practical aspects and unimaginable concepts. Thus class room learning becomes inevitable in the learning process; it can not be replaced by any improvement in the technology. Furthermore many people prefer online learning and distance learning in order to have more freedom in studying since in this mode they can study any time. These two modes of learning are better and helpful for independent studies like doctorate etc. But it is not useful for students in schools and colleges, since here students require the class room learning to sharpen their knowledge. The disadvantages with the online learning and distance education the students may leave many of the portions without studying and it is expensive mode compare to class room learning. Thus it is not leads to effective learning and economical option. On the whole the class room learning has its own advantages in the path of learning and could not be replaced by any other option is assured by these points. Thus to replace class room learning the improvement should be a live one so no one can not replace the class room learning.....

What discovery in the last 100 years has been most beneficial for people in your country? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.

Finding the use of the available resource or developing a process to make use of a resource is called discovery. There are many discoveries in the last hundred years which improve the world and people lives in many aspects. These improvements occur in the development in science and technology. As a result of these developments the lives of people become more convenient and comfortable. Every useful technological invention had impact on the people's lives; it makes the life easier than before. Hence there are many discoveries if we see in last hundred years, here I would like to discuss some of three discoveries which are most beneficial for the people in our country. First of all I would like to discuss the development in the entertaining aspects. There are many changes happened in the options of entertaining in the last hundred years. The most impactable one is that Television; it changes the people's life in many ways. Firstly it ate the time available for people to work in home. Many house wives in our country addicted to various programs in television. Hence television takes their time of preparing food for the family. In earlier days housewives are inside the kitchen only now the television keeps them away from that place. Such a change occurs in the house wives lives. The other positive effect due to the discovery of the television is that it makes the people informative about the current world. There are many useful programs which are improves our knowledge of world and studies etc. Thus it makes the people more knowledgeable. Many children are attracted by their interested programs such as cartoons and games in television etc. All in all television attracted people of all stages so it improves the life of the people. Another invention which is most beneficial for people are belongs to the communication aspect. Nowadays the communication in the world becomes very easy through the discovery of the internet. The discovery of internet changes the life of people to the next generation. There are lot of improvements happened in the peoples lives such as it helps to contact the friend who is staying in the other side of the world with in a second. We can share the information through the internet with in short time. The internet also improves the business across the countries, since it offers the communication between countries. Many developed countries start business in the developing countries and monitor from their country itself such a great improvement happen in the information and technology. It would really beneficial for the both country people. Thus it helps all people in the world. Due to the evolution of internet communication around the world is possible within seconds so it is really helpful to update the general knowledge of people. Thus internet also improves the people's lives in many aspects it is the discovery in the last century. Further more there is lot of improvements in the transportation aspects also. In this field the improvements made the people's life more convenient and easy. The transportation is becomes faster and economical in the current world. Even though the fuel depletion is the major problem the transportation is economical using other resources such as electricity. The development of the electric trains and metro trains in our country reduces the travelling burden of many daily employees. Thus the people's lives become more comfortable and easy. Thus the improvement in the transportation sector is development of various sources of fuel and ways to manage the energy depletion of the world. If we see in the last century there is a lot of improvements are made; and improves the people's lives in a considerable amount.

On the whole the developments in the three aspects are very crucial and make the life of people more comfortable and convenient in that I thing the above mentioned discoveries are influences the people's life mostly....

Integrated - Core curricula. The reading passage explains about the core curricula for the undergraduate program where as in the listening passage the speaker says the problems associated with the core curricula. There are three problems discussed by the speaker in the listening passage. I would like to elucidate the advantages in curriculum to overcome the problems discussed in the listening passage in the following paragraphs. First of all the speaker states the core curricula contains many subjects which are irrelevant to the discipline so it should be reviewed. In the reading passage the author discusses the features of the core curricula in that the basic information a professional required to have only mentioned while analyzing this there is nothing is seems irrelevant. Having the knowledge in all discipline will improve the students knowledge and induce to study depth a interesting subject. So there is no need to review the course structure. The second problem is that, the course has lot of writing intensive courses so it is difficult to perform well by students. According to the curriculum mentioned in the reading passage, it really improves the student's talents and way of handling problems. Since the course provides the way to study such intensive subjects and learning these subjects will help the students in future. So it also inevitable one; can not remove some subjects it would necessary to improve the talent and improve future of student. Finally, the students must require proper guidance to pursue such a career; and arrangement to pursue the summer internship and other extra programs to improve the students skills; this would be a problem for university to provide all these facilities to all students. According to the information in the reading passage there is the number of students is high so it could be possible and the faculties are eager to taught students so these things are possible. The strength of students and the faculty interests are the inferred information from the reading passage. On the whole analyzing these three problems mentioned in the listening passage are not seemed like a problem they are doubts about the core curricula. It is cleared by the information provided above.

It is better to marry somone who is similar to you rather than someone who is different from you - agree - disagree Marriage is a commitment which is made between two hearts for a life time. Since it is a life time commitment one should be very careful to choose the marriage partner. Here there are two possibilities to choose a marriage partner are given. The first one is to marry a person has same character alike and another option is that marrying a person who has different character. Both has advantages and disadvantages and the decision is differs for every individual. The decision is depends on the mind and the thoughts of a person. Some people who are not interested in life accept any of the both options. I think for me it is better to marry a person who is similar to me has more advantages in considering the better understanding, communication, and cooperation. These three qualities are perfectly works out if a person who has same character like me is my marriage partner. I would like to elucidate my option with reasons and details in the following paragraphs. Firstly I would like to discuss the understanding of the couples how improve in regarding my opinion. If a person who has same behavior like me then I could know about all of my partner's character. For example I am having the helping tendency to people who are in the worry, since my partner also have the same quality, while she observe a person asking for his fundamental need then suddenly she run to help without thinking. Thus here the same thoughts of both will work out. As long as the harmony is remains good the family's happiness also prosperous. At the same time considering the other option the different character person is not coincide with my character there need some compromises in order to make the life happy. So I can live the life without compromising with the perfect understanding by marrying a person who has same behavior like me. Another option I am going to discuss here is that communication. That is the information sharing and expressing the likes and dislikes without hesitation is possible with the person who has same character since she could understand me perfectly. At the same time it is difficult with the person who has different character there the life seems like leading a separate life after marriage. After marriage the closeness between the couples increases while the communication is perfect. There are many benefits such as avoid the misunderstanding, and manage the difficult situation in life together the combined action in every situation in life is possible. So

it seems to me that to make the life a prosperous garden to marry a person who has the same character like me is essential. Finally I would like to discuss one more thing that is cooperation that is also defined in a old song what I am willing to talk is talked by you" there a husband sung by seeing his wife. Such a life requires better cooperation. It is possible only by a partner having same character. Unless a couple do not think alike it is not possible. So to have such kind of relationship partner should be having the same character like me. On the other hand a person who is marrying a person who has different character then he needs to hear the talks of his partner or reverse. So there one should be accepting the other there that understanding is primarily available. To import the happiness in the whole family the cooperation with the family also necessary, it is automatically arrived if a person marries the same character partner. So I would like have a partner who has the same character like me. On the whole to form university (a good family) it is necessary to have better understanding, communication between each other and cooperation these things are possible only by marrying a person who has similar character like us....

If you could meet a famous entertainer or athlete, who would that be, and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. Some persons become famous by expressing their talents and hard work. They become famous because their action is admired by many of common people. These celebrities are attracting the audiences by their performance. If we thought about the primary reason for these people become like this then we could arrive at many of reasons such as their aim, passion, hard work etc. Anyone can become celebrity if he has the spirit and devotion in the work engaged. The reasons of many people for why they wish to meet the celebrity or entertainer they like is many such as to get their autograph, have a conversation, ask a question etc. The celebrities are in both entertaining field as well as in sports field. I would like to meet a celebrity who is become famous by exposing his talent and hard work that is none other than Anju Boby George. She is an athlete who belongs to India; I wish to meet her because many reasons. That I elucidate with details in the following paragraphs. Firstly why I would like to meet Anju Boby George is to have a conversation with her since I am also an athlete. I read about her many things in news papers and other magazines with that I collect it in my room. I wish to share my aim with her and get some suggestions to improve my skills in performing the athletic events. Anju won prizes in long distance and sprint running in world wide events. These are my inspirations about Anju. I am a long distance runner and can not perform well in the short distance events: I would like to ask the reason for this and how to practice regularly and some doubts about the diet to maintain the performance constant. These kind of questions I am ask to Anju and get suggestions are the plan of that conversation.

Then another reason is that, I would like to have a coffee with Anju that will give me a privilege to tell my friends that 'I had a coffee with Anju' Many of my friends are seeing movies and they are fans of the stars in the film industry. They told me that they seen their star after seen a shooting of film. Similarly I also if I have a moment with my star that is Anju that I could share with my friends that is the funny thinking of mine to have a coffee with Anju. Furthermore everyone wish to get a signature or autograph of their liking celebrity while they have the chance to meet them. I also have the same wish. It is also a symbol of that meet and I can remember that meet with these things in my life. To make more memorable that meet I would like to give a gift to her and keep my remembrance with her. Thus I would like to make the meet most memorable in my life. I would like to conclude that meet by getting her wishes and strategies for improving my talents in the athletic events and share some thing about her achievement and at last having coffee with her and give a gift to her and get signature in my favorite book these are my plans while meet my favorite athlete Anju.