Mediterranean Basin, Floods, Droughts, Coastal Problems

Sicilia - Romania
Laboratorio di Telerilevamento e Sistemi Informativi Territoriali
Strategia Regionale per lInnovazione della Regione di Sviluppo Sud-Est
Universit di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica ed Applicazioni Ambientali
Mediterranean basin, floods, droughts, coastal problems
Report by Goffredo La Loggia

University of Palermo
Promozione dellinnovazione nella Regione di Sviluppo Sud-Est della Romania
MEDILAB Laboratorio di Telerilevamento e Sistemi Informativi Territoriali
DIIAA Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica ed Applicazioni Ambientali
Personnel
G. La Loggia Manager/director/ supervisor and coordinator G. Ciraolo Modelling and image processing V. Noto GIS programming and geostatistics A. Maltese Model Maker programming and Image processing H. Nollet IDL programming and Image Processing E. Cox Image Processing and databases
Equipments
Hardware
Software GIS Platforms

ARCINFO ARCVIEW GIS ARCIMS ARCPAD -
Image Processing
IDL ENVI 3.x ERDAS IMAGINE 8.x: ER MAPPER 6.x IDRISI 32
Data Processing
- EASY TRACE - CARTALINX - MSTAR COMMUNICATOR
ACTIVITY
Geographical Information Systems Geographical Information Systems

5m 8m 10 m 15 m 20 m
Fieldwork
Remote Sensing
Numerical modeling
WEB-GIS in an open-source environment Integrated models within GIS systems Environmental applications (Monte Pellegrino, Stagnone di Marsala, etc.) Hydrological applications (GIS to calculate river levels, precipitation analysis, etc.)
Fieldwork
Bathymetric measurements with echosounder LAI (Leaf Area Index) measurements GPS measurements Spectroradiometric measurements
ACTIVITY
Geographical Information Systems
Fieldwork
Remote Sensing
Numerical modeling
Remote Sensing
1) Monitoring submerged vegetation in coastal areas using multi-platform data; 2) Monitoring coastal water quality using remote sensing; 3) Integrating numerical modelling and remote sensing data to simulate water circulation in coastal lagoons; 4) Applying remote sensing techniques to determine marine fronts; 5) Analysis of terrestrial vegetation dynamics using time series analysis of satellite imagery; 6) Remote sensing and GIS for archaeological applications.
ACTIVITY
Geographical Information Systems
Fieldwork
Remote Sensing
Numerical modeling
Numerical modeling
Implement, validate and calibrate numerical models for the simulation of hydrodynamic conditions and solute transport in coastal areas Understanding the interaction between hydrodynamic local conditions and submerged vegetation (phytobentos) in a coastal lagoon To set up a field measurements system in order to understand the dynamical behaviour of the simulated variables (velocities, water elevations, etc) To forecast the evolution of the ecosystem when the hydrodynamic regime varies To map flooded areas both in rural and urban catchments using one and two dimensional models
Water resources and hydrology
Keywords:
Flood extent Flood forecasting Water resources assessment
Floods
The importance of a correct modeling of the hydrological processes in flood
Field Data and Remote Sensing Physically-based Distributed Models Continuous in-situ measurements
over spatially distributed locations within nested watersheds. Process-based representations of basin hydrology, geomorphology and Repeat-visit, high-resolution, hyper- landatmosphere interactions. spectral observations from spaceborne Incorporation of spatial and and airborne sensor platforms. temporal distribution of topography, rainfall, soils, vegetation, meteorology, soil moisture.
Floods
Field and Remote Sensing Data over Hydrologic Catchments Precipitation Hydrologic State data estimates
Satellite & Aircraft Meteorological Data EM Data
Floods
Hydrologic Observations
Major advances in remote sensing have improved our capabilities to simulate and forecast watershed hydrology. Numerical models capable of utilizing these data sources at multiple scales are required.
Measurements of Earths Topography Measurements of Earths Precipitation Measurements of Earths Hydrologic Variables
Floods
Modeling hydrological processes
Rainfall-Runoff Transformation Mountain Lake
Coastal
Riverine
Surface-Groundwater interactions in different scales and lanscapes
GIS and Floods

SIRI is based on the ArcView GIS environment and allows the determination of maximum probable discharge all over the Sicilian territory.
The prediction of flood discharge is performed using INDIRECT ANALYSIS two different approaches: direct and indirect analysis 1. RAINFALL MODULE: probabilistic analysis of the
DIRECT METHODS INDIRECT METHODS in the system (GEV, TCEV; EV1, EV2).
Regional of transformation data Hydrologic 2. LOSS analysis MODULE: of rainfall models into runoff (the runoff and the SCS-CN method). coming from coefficient the stream transform the rainfall using GEV or : the transformation recorded on the gauges 3. gauge ROUTING MODULE of rainfall TCEV over the watershed excess to direct runoff (unit hydrograph approach).into discharge at the outlet.
SIRI offers the possibility to compare estimation of QT obtained by different approaches and by different models.
rainfall using one of the many rainfall pdf implemented
Flooding delimitation
One image taken by Shuttle astronauts, using SIR-C, appears on the left. On the right is an image of merged JERS-1 radar and a SPOT 3-band composite, which offers considerable detail (notice how farmlands show through the water). Mississippi River basin
http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect14/Sect14_16.html
Flash Floods
Radar data is used to issue special weather statements This image shows a map of radar-estimated precipitation totals for a 12 hour period. Since the radar reflectivity is closely related to the precipitation rate, the total amount of precipitation falling on a region over a fixed period of time can be determined by analyzing reflectivity field over that period.
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gl)/guides/rs/rad/appl/flood.rxml
Storm Tracking using raingauges

Radar data is used to issue special weather statements This image shows a map of radar-estimated precipitation totals for a 12 hour period. Since the radar reflectivity is closely related to the precipitation rate, the total amount of precipitation falling on a region over a fixed period of time can be determined by analyzing reflectivity field over that period.
Flooding in urban areas
Urban planning and retrofitting
Planning new urban areas
Retrofitting extisting dense urban contexts
Sustainable Urban Developments (SUDS)
Best Management Practices (BMP) Road runoff reduction
Infiltration BMPs
Trenches
Basins
Pavements
Pits and wells
Storage BMPs
Under parking lots and streets Available open spaces
Vegetated surfaces (diversion BMPs)
BMP integration example in road engineering
Pervious pavements
Sidewalk storage
Vegetated area diversion
Infiltration trenches
Storage BMPs application

3,5 3 portata [lps] 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 tempo [min] T=10 anni T=5 anni T=3 anni T=2 anni
Return period [yrs] Before [lps] After [lps]
2 18 2,53
3 20,6 2,7
5 23,12 2,85
10 26,15 3,02
Return period [yrs] Mitigation effect
2 86%
10
86,9% 87,7% 88,5%
Parking area with pervious pavement
20
portata [lps]
16 12 8 4 0 0 15 30 45 60 75 90
tempo [min]
T=10 anni T=5 anni T=3 anni T=2 anni
Return period [yrs] Before [lps] After [lps] Return period [yrs] Mitigation effect
2 18 8,82 2 51%
3 20,6 10,24 3 50,3%
5 23,12 13,64 5 41%
10 26,15 17,66 10 32,5%
Droughts
Keywords:
Correlation of climatic data vegetation indices; Correlation analysis; Water saving measures in rural and urban catchments
Improvement of the understanding of the relationship between climatic variables and vegetation indices
Location of areas vulnerable to desertification and climate change
ARIDITY INDEX
MSAVI1 VEGETATION INDEX
CLIMATIC DATA
REMOTE SENSING DATA
LANDSAT 7 ETM+
Satellite: LANDSAT7 Sensore: ETM+ Data di Acquisizione: 07/07/2002
MSAVI1
Aridity Index (Thorntwaite)
Correlation between climatic parameters and vegetation indices

Correlazione NDVI-P
Indice di correlazione 0,7
Indice di correlazione 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 Anni 1996 1998 2000 2002
Correlazione NDVI-AI
0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 anni 1996 1998 2000 2002
Correlazione MSAVI-P
0,7 Indice di correlazione
Indice di correlazione 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 1986 1988
Correlazione MSAVI-AI
0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 Anni 1996 1998 2000 2002
1990
1992
1994 Anni
1996
1998
2000
2002
REMOTE SENSING AND AGRO-HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING Aim of the research: improving of crop water requirement estimation at regional scale in semiarid regions (water scarcity)
Arguments studied: 1. Evaluation of different Remote Sensing systems for biophysical variables estimation. 2. Integration use of Remote Sensing and agro-hydrological models: 2.a Soil Water Balance models applications 2.b Surface Energy Balance models applications
REMOTE SENSING AND AGRO-HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING:

a combined approach aimed to improve the crop water requirement estimation in semiarid regions
The Soil-Plant-Atmosphere (SPA) system: Processes and interactions

LAImax = 3.5 LAImin = 0.0
Plant - Atmosphere (SPA) interactions

Upper Boundary: Crop & Canopy parameters + Potential Evapotranspiration
Water flow in unsatured soils: Richards equation + Feddes model
S W A P
Lower boundary
a) Groundwater table b) No flux c) Free drainage d)
Soil-Water and root interactions

Test area 2005

CASTELVETRANO
TEST AREAS
Test area 2002 Menfi

REMOTE SENSING DATA Satellite data: LandSat TM7

(3 bands VIS + 1 NIR 30m x 30m)
Airborne sensor: MIVIS

(20 bands VIS + 8 NIR 3m x 3m)
Scene 189/34
Center Lat: +37:28:31 Center Long: +013:49:05
Test data
Test area
Acquisition date
22/09/2001 13/02/2002 27/05/2002 07/07/2002
19/06/2002

Applications and results in the MENFI test Area

Leaf Area Index (LAI) estimation Simulation and Management of Irrigation System
[Minacapilli, DUrso, Qiang, 2004]

LAI value 13/02/2002
[DUrso, Iovino, Minacapilli, 2005]
Approach: Use of Remote Sensing data into a Soil Water Balance model (SWAP code)
Etp [mm/d]
METHODOLOGY Canopy Radiative Transfer s Models SAIL+PROSPECT (Verhoef, 1984) Semi-empiricals Models CLAIRS (Clevers, 1989)

Applications and results in the MENFI test Area ESTIMATING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BY MEANS OF HYPERSPECTRAL AIR-BORNE REMOTE SENSING DATA
METHODOLOGY The application of the SEBAL (Surface Energy BAlance for Land) model has been investigated using hyperspectral (VIS/NIR + TIR) and high resolution airborne data.
ET = Rn G0 H
SEBAL Real Evapotranspiration map VIS NIR Mivis OUTPUT: bands TIR Mivis bands Net Radiation Soil Heat Flux Sensible Heat Flux
[Ciraolo, Minacapilli, Sciortino, 2006]

Applications and results in the CAstelvetrano test Area ESTIMATING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BY MEANS OF HYPERSPECTRAL AIR-BORNE REMOTE SENSING DATA
INVESTIGATIONS We are validating SWAP and SEBAL model has by means of soil water content and scintillometer flux and/or eddy tower measurements. Test area and instruments location
Field data acquisitions
MICRO-METEOROLOGIC MEASUREMENTS: EDDY CORRELATION METHOD

- 3D sonic anemometer; - Fine-wire thermocouple; - Infrared Gas Analyzer : CO2. H2O - Electronic tipping-bucket rain gauge; - Pyranometer; - Radiation shield; - Infrared temperature soil sensor; - Net radiometer; - 107 soil temperature probes; - Data logger.
Fast response instruments
MICRO-METEOROLOGIC MEASUREMENTS: EDDY CORRELATION METHOD

- 3D sonic anemometer; - Fine-wire thermocouple; - Infrared Gas Analyzer : CO2. H2O - Electronic tipping-bucket rain gauge; - Pyranometer; - Radiation shield; - Infrared temperature soil sensor; - Net radiometer; - 107 soil temperature probes; - Data logger.
Fast response instruments
Field truth data acquisition
Pluviografo
LAI (Leaf Area Index) and SPAD: 52 ground stations

Capanno contenente la centralina di rilevamento dati
Humidity TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry): 15 ground stations. Humidity thermo-gravimetric method: 22 soil samples. Soil temperature soil thermometer: 15 ground stations. Soil and vegetation temperature non contact infrared thermometer: 15 ground stations. Spectroradiometric measurements: spectral solar radiance and irradiance. Discharge measurements. Soil use: field prospecting. Satellite positioning (GPS) WAAS: 3m accuracy.
150 100 50
Scala portate
0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS: SPECTRORADIOMETER
The spectroradiometer is an instrument useful to measure radiance, irradiance and reflectance of different material The application range is the visible and the near
1 2
Reflectance
0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 443 523 603 683 763 1175
2. Vineyard 1. Bare soil
Wavelength [nm]
0.50
infrared
(350-2500nm).
Reflectance
0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10
4. Meadow 3. Light Asphalt 5. Sand
Vegetation is one of the most interesting object to measure due to its

4 3
5 4
0.00 443 523 603 683 763 1175
particular shape in the redinfrared region.
Wavelength [nm]

FIRST RESULTS: Scintillometers measurements and SEBAL model validation
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7

14/07/2005
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 ETref ET r Scintillometro Scintillometro SEBAL EFm 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 0.4 0.3 0.2
ET [mm/h]
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 18
0.9 0.8 0.7 ET [mm/h] 0.6 0.5 Scintillometro ETrif

Erba medica 17 - 20 maggio 2005
a)
0.1 0.0
ore
1.0 1.0
15/07/2005
0.4
ET [mm/h]
0.9 0.8
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4

ETr
0.3 0.2 17-mag 18-mag 19-mag 20-mag 21-mag
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Scintillometro Scintillometro Sebal SEBAL
0.3 0.2 0.1 b) 18 0.0
ore

FIRST RESULTS: Soil Water content measurements and SWAP model validation
0.60
[% vol] 0.0 0 Pozzetto A1 D=0 10 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35
Measure
10-20 cm
SWAP DIVINER
30-40 cm
20
40-50 cm
z [cm ]
30
50-60 cm 0.30
40
0.25
50 22 lug 05-ago 08-ago 12-ago 16-ago
0.20 0.15 0.10 19-giu
60
70
05-lug
21-lug
06-ago
22-ago
07-set
23-set

NEXT INVESTIGATIONS: Use of ASTER Satellite and NERC Airborne remote sensing data for precision farming applications Aster 16/08/2005 (VIS/NIR 15m) Hyperspectral CASI2 image (16 bande 3m x 3m)
Impact of hydrological drought in urban areas
Insufficient water resources: Hydrological drought (act of Nature) Antropic Drought (human responsibilities)
EMERGENCY
PLANNING (LONG TERM)
INTERMITTENT DISTRIBUTION PRIORITY USES PRESERVATION ALT. RESOURCES HARVESTING REAL TIME NETWORK ANALYSIS
ADVANCED WATER METERING WATER DEMAND REDUCTION RAIN/GRAY WATER REUSE

54
Network modelling
55 58 59 56 57 66 60 67 65 69 61 68 62 81 64 70 80 106 3 72 75 63 79 82 71 117 1 2 4 78 83 74 124 118 110 73 84 76 123 125 88 122 77 151 150 85 5 127 119 87 6 126 152 120 7 8 97 158 167 153 121 89 86 162 128 130 157 262 161 166 154 135 98 96 181 164 134 129 170 156 159 163 171 133 165 169 93 90 182 188 136 99 155 172 160 95 138 12 168 173 11 187 132 148149 137 180 174 179 10010 13 183 131 94 147 139 9 14 184 175 16 15 178 140 91 92 146 17 19 142 144 177 186 22 24 141 143 18 145 112 105 185 261 221 21 23 176 218 45 20 220 26 217 223 111 219 46 116 222 225 209 216 27 224 25 104 42 226 215 43 28 214 227 44 210 41 228 234 211 235 229 230 236 231 29 237 249 248 238 232 247 239 101 39 246 40 245 212 250 240 244 252 251 102 233 213 254 243 255 253 241 30 256 35 258 242 259 31 208 103 36 34 113 260 190 257 205 33 107 32 204 203201 114 115 200 37 199 202 198 197 196 38 195 207 206 263 193 189 194 192 191 109 53
52
108 51 50 49 48 47
h <20m 25-30m 30-35m >35m
Standard max demand simulation
264

54
Network modelling: uncontrolled scarcity condition Intermmittent distribution
PVD= 16%
55 109 53 52
Available resources = 90% V
58 59 56 57 66 60 67 65 69 61 68 62 81 64 70 80 106 3 72 75 63 79 2 82 4 71 117 1 78 83 74 124 118 110 73 84 76 123 125 88 122 77 151 150 85 5 127 119 87 6 126 152 120 7 8 97 158 167 153 121 89 86 162 130 128 157 161 166 154 135 98 96 181 262 164 134 129 170 156 159 163 171 133 165 169 93 188 90 182 136 99 155 172 160 95 138 12 168 173 11 187 132 148149 137 180 174 179 10010 13 183 131 94 147 139 9 14 184 175 16 15 178 140 91 92 146 17 19 142 144 177 186 22 24 141 143 18 145 112 105 185 261 221 21 23 176 218 45 20 220 26 217 223 111 219 46 116 222 225 209 216 25 27 224 104 42 226 215 43 28 214 227 44 210 41 228 234 211 235 229 230 236 231 29 237 249 248 238 232 247 239 101 39 246 40 245 212 250 240 244 102 252 251 233 213 254 243 255 253 241 30 256 35 258 242 259 31 208 103 36 34 113 260 190 257 205 33 107 32 204 203201 114 115 200 37 199 202 198 197 196 38 195 207 206 263 193 189 194 192 191 g
108 51 50 49 48 47
Not equal access to resources
PVD
-20% / -10% -10% / 0% 0% / +10% +10% / +20%
264
Definition of distribution districts Remotely automated control

54
Elevation
Network modelling: Simulazione idraulica Remote controlled districts Pressure management

55 58 59 66 69 2 3 67 68 65 64 61 70 60 62 79 80 81 106 57 56 52 109 53
0,00
PVD= 5%
m
15,00 20,00 25,00
82 4 117 1 78 83 124 118 110 84 76 123 125 88 122 77 151 150 85 127 5 119 6 87 126 152 120 7 8 97 158 167 153 121 89 86 162 157 262 128 130 161164 166 154 135 98 96 181 134 129 163 170 156 159 165 169 171 133 90 93 188 182 136 99 155 172 160 95 132 149 137138 12 168 173 11 187 148 174 180 10010 13 179 183 131 94 147 139 9 14 184 175 16 15 91 178 140 92 146 17 19 142 144 186 22 24 177 141 143 145 18 112 105 185 261 221 21 23 176 218 45 20 220 26 217 223 111 46 219 116 222 225 209 216 25 27 224 104 42 226 215 43 227 28 214 44 210 41 228 234 211 235 229 230 236 231 29 237 249 248 238 232 247 239 101 39 246 40 245 212 250 240 244 102 252 251 233 213 254 243 255 253 241 30 256 242 259 260 258 208 257 31 34 113 35 103 36
72 71 74 73
75 63
108 51 50 49 48 47
PVD
-15% / -10% -10% / 0% 0% / +3%
Available resources = 90% Vg
190 205 107 33 204 32 114 203201 115 200 37 199 202 198 197 196 38 195 207 206 193 263 194 189 192 191
264
Advanced water metering

REAL TIME USER MONITORING AND CONTROL Pulse electronic meters Local data logger GPRS/GSM WiFi connection Early failure warning
M-BUS connection to the operator
Reducing residential water consumption
Introduction of best water practice
Noo!!
Alternative resources for non potable uses

Raccoglie acqua dal tetto e rifornisce esterno, toilet e lavatrice
Landslides
Keywords:
Differential interferometry; Monitoring.
The 1983 Thistle landslide at Thistle, Utah
The 4th November 1963 Vajont landslide

www.vajont.net http://landslides.usgs.gov/html_files/landslides/slides/landslideimages.htm
Comparison of radar scattering mechanisms determined from L-band AIRSAR polarimetry (Left), and IRS panchromatic data (Right) over the Tsaoling megaslide south (09/1999).
Jeffrey Weissel and Kristina Rodriguez http://www.slamservice.info/
Coastal
Keywords:
distribution and dynamic of submerged vegetation; water column correction; airborne, satellite and field data; numerical modeling of water circulation and transport
Field Truth Data

Surveying and precise positioning of field data: Cressi Sub bathyscope and a pair of Magellan ProMARK X CPTM GPS
Reflectance measurements on a salt field close the Stagnone, and on submerged vegetation - ASD Field Spec Pro FR
Salt field spectrum
1.000 0.900 0.800 0.700 0.600 0.500 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 350 565 780 995 1210 1425 1640 1855 2070 2285 2500 Wavelength [nm]
Submerged vegetation spectra

0.0300
Reflectance
Posidonia oceanica
0.0200
Sand Deep W ater
0 . 0 10 0
Deep water
0.0000 350 400 450 500 550 600 w a v e le n g t h [ n m ] 650 700 750 800
July 2002 and July 2003
Water column correction

Ben Moussa Lyzenga
R0 (i ) = R (i ) + [Rb (i ) R (i )] e(2K d z)
Ben Moussa method require the knowledge of the optical properties of the water a slight error in the bathymetry causes substantial over-correction of the influence of the water column
Xj =
K d (i ) K d ( j )
X i + ln
[Rb (i ) R (i )]
[R ( ) R ( )]
b j j
K d (i )
K d ( j )
Water column correction
Original image
Bathymetry
5m 8m 10 m 15 m 20 m
Corrected Image
Daedalus AADS 1268 CZCS
Classification of submerged vegetation at the Gulf of Mondello
Original image
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica ed Applicazioni Ambientali University of Palermo (Italy)
Numerical modelling of water circulation and transport
To implement, validate and calibrate numerical models for the simulation of hydrodynamic conditions and solute transport in coastal areas Understanding the interaction between hydrodynamic local conditions and submerged vegetation (phytobentos) in a coastal lagoon To set up a field measurements system in order to understand the dynamical behaviour of the simulated variables (velocities, water elevations, etc) To forecast the evolution of the ecosystem when the hydrodynamic regime varies.
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The study area
Stagnone is a coastal lagoon (2200 ha - natural reserve) characterised by:

shallow water (mean depth 0.95 cm) two openings connecting the lagoon with the open sea northern mouth characterised by low depths (20 cm; dry during low tide) two main sub-basins (northern and southern) water exchange given by wind and tidal effects presence of islands within the lagoon presence of a submerged road connecting Mothia with the coast in the north-south direction presence of seagrasses: Posidonia oceanica (sometimes emerging during low tide) and Cymodocea nodosa
Mothia
The study area: batimetry
1 3 Dredged
channel
Hydrodynamic numerical models (SWE, in-house)

Quasi-3D model (finite elements)
2D model (finite difference)
Transport numerical model (in-house)

Residence time (tide only)
Passive solute transport
Tide only
Field measurements
Northern Mouth
Isola Grande Mediterranean Sea
1 1 3 3 Dredged
S.Maria 6 8 9 7 2 Mothia
channel
In order to acquire information about the forcing factors, a tidal gauge (1) and a meteo station (2) have been installed in 2002 The first measurement campaign of velocities and water levels inside the lagoon was carried out in July 2003
North y x East
4 5
1 Tidal gauge 2 Meteo gauge 3, 4, 5, 6 Valeport < 0.5 Hz 7, 8 Vector 1-16 Hz 9 ADV 25 Hz
Two other measurement campaigns were performed in July and December 2004
South Mouth
0 2 km
The equipments
Northern Mouth
Isola Grande Mediterranean Sea
1 1 3 3 Dredged
Special platforms rising above the sea surface were designed and built using aluminium metal tubes (3 m times 3 m) The platforms enable us to shift the instruments upwards and downwards
S.Maria 6 8 9 7 2 Mothia
channel
North y x East
4 5
1 Tidal gauge 2 Meteo gauge 3, 4, 5, 6 Valeport < 0.5 Hz 7, 8 Vector 1-16 Hz 9 ADV 25 Hz
South Mouth
0 2 km
Offshore
Keywords: Water quality Primary production Phytoplancton Sea Surface Temperature
Suspended solids concentration map - Landasat TM (no atmospheric correction applied)
South-west Sicily
Suspended solids concentration map - Landasat TM (atmospheric correction applied histogram method)
WATER QUALITY
Sicily- Palermo and Carini area
WATER QUALITY
Sicily- Northeast (Milazzo)
Suspended solids concentration map. Landasat TM (atmospheric correction applied histogram method)
WATER QUALITY
Sicily- Northwest (Trapani)
WATER QUALITY
Chlorophyll distribution by Seawifs
WATER QUALITY
20 june 98
25 june 98
12 june 98
Marine thermal fronts using SST by NOAA
Please visit our website: www.idra.unipa.it And then click on MEDILAB
Contact: Prof.Goffredo La Loggia glal@idra.unipa.it
Thanks!
www.idra.unipa.it Contact:
Please visit our website:
And then click on MEDILAB
Prof.Goffredo La Loggia glal@idra.unipa.it

Mediterranean Basin, Floods, Droughts, Coastal Problems

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Mediterranean Basin, Floods, Droughts, Coastal Problems

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Sicilia - Romania

Laboratorio di Telerilevamento e Sistemi Informativi Territoriali

Strategia Regionale per lInnovazione della Regione di Sviluppo Sud-Est

Universit di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica ed Applicazioni Ambientali

Mediterranean basin, floods, droughts, coastal problems

Report by Goffredo La Loggia

Promozione dellinnovazione nella Regione di Sviluppo Sud-Est della Romania

MEDILAB Laboratorio di Telerilevamento e Sistemi Informativi Territoriali

DIIAA Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica ed Applicazioni Ambientali

Software GIS Platforms

MEDILAB Laboratorio di Telerilevamento e Sistemi Informativi Territoriali

Geographical Information Systems Geographical Information Systems

MEDILAB Laboratorio di Telerilevamento e Sistemi Informativi Territoriali

Geographical Information Systems

MEDILAB Laboratorio di Telerilevamento e Sistemi Informativi Territoriali

Geographical Information Systems

Water resources and hydrology

Flood extent Flood forecasting Water resources assessment

Satellite & Aircraft Meteorological Data EM Data

Surface-Groundwater interactions in different scales and lanscapes

GIS and Floods

rainfall using one of the many rainfall pdf implemented

Storm Tracking using raingauges

Flooding in urban areas

Urban planning and retrofitting

Planning new urban areas

Retrofitting extisting dense urban contexts

Sustainable Urban Developments (SUDS)

Best Management Practices (BMP) Road runoff reduction

Pits and wells

Vegetated surfaces (diversion BMPs)

BMP integration example in road engineering

Vegetated area diversion

Storage BMPs application

Return period [yrs] Before [lps] After [lps]

Return period [yrs] Mitigation effect

86,9% 87,7% 88,5%

Parking area with pervious pavement

T=10 anni T=5 anni T=3 anni T=2 anni

3 20,6 10,24 3 50,3%

5 23,12 13,64 5 41%

10 26,15 17,66 10 32,5%

Location of areas vulnerable to desertification and climate change

MSAVI1 VEGETATION INDEX

REMOTE SENSING DATA

Satellite: LANDSAT7 Sensore: ETM+ Data di Acquisizione: 07/07/2002

Aridity Index (Thorntwaite)

Correlation between climatic parameters and vegetation indices

REMOTE SENSING AND AGRO-HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING:

The Soil-Plant-Atmosphere (SPA) system: Processes and interactions

Plant - Atmosphere (SPA) interactions

Water flow in unsatured soils: Richards equation + Feddes model

Soil-Water and root interactions

REMOTE SENSING AND AGRO-HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING:

Test area 2005

Test area 2002 Menfi

REMOTE SENSING AND AGRO-HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING:

REMOTE SENSING DATA Satellite data: LandSat TM7

Airborne sensor: MIVIS

REMOTE SENSING AND AGRO-HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING:

Applications and results in the MENFI test Area

[Minacapilli, DUrso, Qiang, 2004]