10-6

Identifying Conic Sections

Battle of the CSTs Lesson Presentation Lesson Quiz

Objectives
Identify and transform conic functions.
Use the method of completing the square to identify and graph conic sections.

In Lesson 10-2 through 10-5, you learned about the four conic sections. Recall the equations of conic sections in standard form. In these forms, the characteristics of the conic sections can be identified.

Example 1: Identifying Conic Sections in Standard Form Identify the conic section that each equation represents.

A.

(y 2)2 x+4 = 10

This equation is of the same form as a parabola with a horizontal axis of symmetry. B. This equation is of the same form as a hyperbola with a horizontal transverse axis.

Example 1: Identifying Conic Sections in Standard Form

Identify the conic section that each equation represents.

C. This equation is of the same form as a circle.

Check for understanding

Identify the conic section that each equation represents.

a. x2 + (y + 14)2 = 112

This equation is of the same form as a circle.

2 (y 6)2 ( x 1) b. = 1 22 212

This equation is of the same form as a hyperbola with a vertical transverse axis.

All conic sections can be written in the general form Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey+ F = 0. The conic section represented by an equation in general form can be determined by the coefficients.

Example 2A: Identifying Conic Sections in General Form Identify the conic section that the equation represents. 4x2 10xy + 5y2 + 12x + 20y = 0 A = 4, B = 10, C = 5 Identify the values for A, B, and C. B2 4AC (10)2 4(4)(5) 20

Substitute into B 4AC.

Simplify.

Because B2 4AC > 0, the equation represents a hyperbola.

Example 2B: Identifying Conic Sections in General Form Identify the conic section that the equation represents. 9x2 12xy + 4y2 + 6x 8y = 0. A = 9, B = 12, C = 4 Identify the values for A, B, and C. B2 4AC (12)2 4(9)(4) 0

Substitute into B 4AC.

Simplify.

Because B2 4AC = 0, the equation represents a parabola.

Example 2C: Identifying Conic Sections in General Form Identify the conic section that the equation represents. 8x2 15xy + 6y2 + x 8y + 12 = 0 A = 8, B = 15, C = 6 B2 4AC (15)2 4(8)(6) 33 Substitute into B2 4AC. Identify the values for A, B, and C.

Simplify.

Because B2 4AC > 0, the equation represents a hyperbola.

Check for understanding Identify the conic section that the equation represents. 9x2 + 9y2 18x 12y 50 = 0 A = 9, B = 0, C = 9 B 4AC (0)2 4(9)(9)
2

Identify the values for A, B, and C. Substitute into B2 4AC. Simplify. The conic is either a circle or an ellipse.

324
A=C

Because B2 4AC < 0 and A = C, the equation represents a circle.

Check for understanding

Identify the conic section that the equation represents.

12x2 + 24xy + 12y2 + 25y = 0

A = 12, B = 24, C = 12 Identify the values for A, B, and C.

B2 4AC 242 4(12)(12) 0 Simplify. Because B2 4AC = 0, the equation represents a parabola. Substitute into B2 4AC.

If you are given the equation of a conic in standard form, you can write the equation in general form by expanding the binomials. If you are given the general form of a conic section, you can use the method of completing the square from Lesson 5-4 to write the equation in standard form.

Remember! You must factor out the leading coefficient of x2 and y2 before completing the square.

Example 3A: Finding the Standard Form of the Equation for a Conic Section Find the standard form of the equation by completing the square. Then identify and graph each conic. x2 + y2 + 8x 10y 8 = 0 Rearrange to prepare for completing the square in x and y.

x + 8x +

+ y 10y +
2

=8+

Complete both squares.

Example 3A Continued

(x + 4) + (y 5) = 49

Factor and simplify.

Because the conic is of the form (x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2, it is a circle with center (4, 5) and radius 7.

Example 3B: Finding the Standard Form of the Equation for a Conic Section Find the standard form of the equation by completing the square. Then identify and graph each conic.

5x2 + 20y2 + 30x + 40y 15 = 0

Rearrange to prepare for completing the square in x and y.

5x + 30x +

+ 20y + 40y +

= 15 +

Factor 5 from the x terms, and factor 20 from the y terms. 5(x2 + 6x + )+ 20(y2 + 2y + ) = 15 + +

Example 3B Continued Complete both squares.

5 x2 + 6x + 6 2
2

+ 20 y2 + 2y +

2 2

= 15 + 5

6 2

+ 20

2 2

5(x + 3)2 + 20(y + 1)2 = 80

Factor and simplify. Divide both sides by 80.

x+32 16

y +1 4

Example 3B Continued it is an ellipse with center (3, 1), horizontal major axis length 8, and minor axis length 4. The covertices are (3, 3) and (3, 1), and the vertices are (7, 1) and (1, 1).
2 2 ( x h ) ( y k ) Because the conic is of the form + = 1, 2 2 a b

Check for understanding Find the standard form of the equation by completing the square. Then identify and graph each conic. y2 9x + 16y + 64 = 0 Rearrange to prepare for completing the square in y. y2 + 16y + Add = 9x 64 +

, or 64, to both sides to complete the square.

Check for understanding Continued (y + 8)2 = 9x

1 x= 9

Factor and simplify.

(y + 8)2

Because the conic form is of the form x h = 1 (y k)2, it is a 4p parabola with vertex (0, 8), and p = 2.25, and it opens

right. The focus is (2.25, 8) and directrix is x = 2.25.

Check for understanding

Find the standard form of the equation by completing the square. Then identify and graph each conic. 16x + 9y 128x + 108y + 436 = 0
Rearrange to prepare for completing the square in x and y. 16x2 128x + + 9y2+ 108y + = 436 + +
2 2

Factor 16 from the x terms, and factor 9 from the y terms. 16(x2 8x + )+ 9(y2 + 12y + ) = 436 + +

Check for understanding Complete both squares.

16 x2 + 8x + 8 2
2

+ 9 y2 + 12y +

12 2

= 436 + 16

8 2

+9

12 2

16(x 4)2 + 9(y + 6)2 = 144

Factor and simplify. Divide both sides by 144.

Check for understanding

(x h )2 (y k)2 + = 1, Because the conic is of the form 2 2 b a

it is an ellipse with center (4, 6), vertical major axis length 8, and minor axis length 6. The vertices are (7, 6) and (1, 6), and the co-vertices are (4, 2) and (4, 10).

Example 4: Aviation Application An airplane makes a dive that can be modeled by the equation 9x2 +25y2 + 18x + 50y 209 = 0 with dimensions in hundreds of feet. How close to the ground does the airplane pass? The graph of 9x2 +25y2 + 18x +50y 209 = 0 is a conic section. Write the equation in standard form.

Rearrange to prepare for completing the square in x and y.

9x2 + 18x + + 25y2 +50y + = 209 + +

Example 4 Continued Factor 9 from the x terms, and factor 25 from the y terms. 9(x2 2x + ) + 25(y2 + 2y + ) = 209 + +

Complete both squares.

2 2 9 x 2x + 2
2

+ 25 y2 + 2y +

2 2

2 2 = 209 + 9 + 25 2 2

25(y + 1)2 9(x 1)2 = 225

Simplify.

Example 4 Continued
(y + 1)2 9 (x 1)2 =1 25

Divide both sides by 225.

(x h )2 = 1, 2 b

(y k)2 Because the conic is of the form 2 a

it is an a hyperbola with vertical transverse axis length 6 and center (1, 1). The vertices are then (1, 2) and (1, 4). Because distance above ground is always positive, the airplane will be on the upper branch of the hyperbola. The relevant vertex is (1, 2), with y-coordinate 2. The minimum height of the plane is 200 feet.

Check for understanding An airplane makes a dive that can be modeled by the equation 16x2 + 9y2 + 96x + 36y 252 = 0, measured in hundreds of feet. How close to the ground does the airplane pass? The graph of 16x2+ 9y2 + 96x +36y 252 = 0 is a conic section. Write the equation in standard form.

Rearrange to prepare for completing the square in x and y.

16x2 + 96x + + 9y2 + 36y + = 252 + +

Check for understanding Continued Factor 16 from the x terms, and factor 9 from the y terms. 16(x2 6x + ) + 9(y2 + 4y + ) = 252 + +

Complete both squares.

6 2 16 x 6x + 2
2

+ 9 y2 + 4y +

4 2

6 4 = 252 + 16 +9 2 2

16(x 3)2 + 9(y + 2)2 = 144

Simplify.

Check for understanding

(y + 2)2 16 (x 3)2 =1 9

Divide both sides by 144.

(x h )2 = 1, 2 b

(y k)2 Because the conic is of the form 2 a

it is an a hyperbola with vertical transverse axis length 8 and center (3, 2). The vertices are (3, 2) and (3, 6). Because distance above ground is always positive, the airplane will be on the upper branch of the hyperbola. The relevant vertex is (3, 2), with y-coordinate 2. The minimum height of the plane is 200 feet.

10-6

Identifying Conic Sections Day 2

Battle of the CSTs Review HW Qs Work on todays HW