-,=

-G;

+ : .

all
PHYSIOLOGY552-2OTA 2

'/"Y'1 a;

P\+YG L
MID-TERM EXAMINATION NOVEMBER3, 1994

5 -)

bracketanddarkenthe appropriate TypE A: Choose the ONE that is BBST in eachcase

1.

In an isotonic contraction , thq thin filaments move past the thick filaments. ' the length of the muscle does not change. t . action potential does not travel down the T-tubules. . magnesirrminsteadof calcium is releasedfrom the lateral cysternae of the sarcoplasmicreticulum.' None of the above.

x
* 2.

q
g
(b) Y)
d) e)
,.c).

reticulumin a skeletalmuscle Sarcoplasmic

myofibril" "forms a sleevslike slructure around each "'is a place where the transmitter is stored. / is made up of thin filaments onlY. makes cross b,ridgoswith the T-nrbule systemAII or none of the above.

If extracellular tK.l = 10mM andinracellular [ICJ = 100m M, then the potassium

equilibrium potential is about

-6omv.
-9 0 m v . + 6omv.
+ 90 mV. 0 mV.

r"' '7\ \tt' { \' ,\ ..t-r,J

,1.

,J

4.

The equilibriumpotentialfor Na* is + 60 mV andfor K* is - 90 mV with an observed that of - 75 mV. This suggests resting membranepotential

@ >b).
)ef.
d), e)

the rnembraneis more permeable to K* than to Na*. the membraneis more permeable to Na* ttran to K*the membranepermeablility to Na* and K* are the salne. is permeable only to Na" e membnane is permeable only to K*' the membnane

PHYSIOLOGY 552-201A

MID.TERM EXAMINATION NOVEMBER3, 1994

TYPEA: choose the oNE tharis BEST in each case anddarken the appropriate bracket.

9.

In thenormal takesplace l:wbog, erythropoiesis

primarily in the liver. in the marrow of all bones.9z exclusively in the miurow of the shafts of long bones. exclusively in the marrow of flat bonesand the epiphysesof long bones. ;n in the liver, the spleen, and the marrow of all bones.

\d
4
.*

--(

.dT

<rd.,-,--aJ*

10.
*

Erythropoietin
is an enzymeproducedby the liver.t rl, r:-+-'*y acts on reticulocytes causing them to divide rqfiOty. x is'found in high concentrationsin the blood otpadents whose bone marrow has
beendestroyedbyinadiation.

,6)-.'

>$ s
11.

j:> z t{\ ,a'J"=i{,r,jrre-n.-p"> oo:*B 1j-:*,1 ,r-r f:*6rc: ''' f't1,;t.,-,

.. *..,.

inducesmultipotential stem cells to becomecommitd red cell prccursors. F Cqf:, *iffu regulatesthe rate of destruction of red blood cells. -

The "committed stem cell" that gives rise to red blood cell precursors

D,

is smaller than the matureerythrocyte. ,,,- i .,I ;1;5t rla CkSa n UCle US. ;,' - ;' 1 - - . i .' i a-. i ., i ,,.'i .:.1 ..

12

:t f..'i {}-.:r-:;r..r,,

:-,,.:t.et.. l i

l a+rr.r..i .j :.

ir

(.: ,-.+ -f-i r,...-[.c ' 1-t1

is known asa reticulocyte.:c possesses no hemoglobin-,-'" All of the aboveareCORRECI.

All of the following may result in edemaEXCEPT (choosethe INCORRECT one): obstructionof the lymphatic drainagea decrease in the concentrationof plasmaproteins. an increasein the capillary hydrostaticpresswe. adecreasein the concentrationof NaCiin plasma.x accumulationof albumin in the interstitial space.s.

PHYSIOLOGY 552.201A

IVIID-TERM EXAMINATION NOVEMBER3, 1994

TYPEA: Choose the ONE tharis BEST in eachcaseanddarken the appropriate bracket.

13.

substances that crossthecell membrane by,,'Facilitated Diffusion,,,

j(

b Lt t -, i , ,: d1*'4"" '' r ' t r '1e! ' ' ' (a' c s -1-C -Y may do so througheitherthe lipid matix or though the protein,,pores,,. ,. -['t /..{:-rr+- /:ttp may do so against a concenbration gradientexhibit saturation a r bur arenot affectdby metabolicinhibitors. ,;ri t:--') i _* dependon the maintenance A'l:of a concenaation gradient .r b *u^vu! nut urqr r(rvv(u iuno*s r\a Na* ulffuslon diffusio
into the cell. f

also qross the capillary wall by Faciliad Difhrsion.

-a{
i j

14.

All of the following statements aboutbody fluids arecorrecrEXCE1"T(choose the TNC ORRECT statemenr) : i 9\"ttrird of total body water is exfacellular, andtwo thirds are intracellular. > .( of the exuacellular fluid, abour?5-s0t;;il;;riu *a za-Zrvois plasma. fluid differs markedryin composition from intracelurar fluid. X, I :i*::t$ar (9, I Iarstitialfluidandplasrnahave essentiauy ttresame composition svrt v exceptplasma wvl
S has a much higher concentation of Na". The ratio of Na*(*is lower in inracettutar than ih extracellular fluid. t;. K+
artaF

,(r

&s,
{

l,Jn'

The following statementsare coRREcT, except one. choose the INCSRRECT sttement The inllammatory responseis the process by which:

invading bacteria triqger the rocal production of inflammatory mediators, which yil *T*!neutrophils and macrophages to the infected tissue. / t iponse includesrednessand swelling. 1!e garlr-ghT" of ttre {n'mutoty it takes 30-60 minutes before n"uttop, can be recruited to the area. ./ cytokines produced during the inflarnmaro-ry responsemay, if produced in large amounts,causea general effect of vasodilatation ana teaio shock. All rypes of antigen will-cauge an inframmtory responsebefore a specific immune response can be induced. ./

T l -i

;\r' fi
I

...-*'--

H.

a' i

MID-TERM EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 3. T994 TYPE A: Choose the oNE that is BEST in eachcaseanddarkenthe appropriate bracket.

16.

The following sratemenrs arecoRREgr, exceprone. choosethe TNCORRECT statement: Major HistocompatibiliryComplex(MFIC) :

*
W, S Il\ 17.

x MHC is requiredfor antigenpresentation to T cells during the specific

immune

t" -/fry9nse tr is presenron all nucleared cells in the body. YHC "$t Cyptoxic Tcells requireantigen-presentationby cellsexpressing MHC classL I) B gels do not requireantigenpreient in the presence of MHC in order to become activated. B cells cirnpresentantigento helperT cells in thepresence of MHC classtr "

The following statements are CORRECT,exceptone. choose the TNCORRECT statement Inununoglobulin (Ig): )tt is thenamefor theB cell antigen recepror. besecred ' when a B cen.develops into a plasma cell. t:T -N ' moleculescanbe transferred from one inivnuu to another,andprovide short lgc rmpassiveimmunity. ..\. porddnof Ig canbe substituted ' by differenrregionsafter B cell activarion, ,\ ,tll leadtngto theproductionof a differentisotypeof Ig with different biological but with the same antigen-specincity. -functions, *antibodies areory present locally during an immuneresponse, and arenot found inplasma

il:|":Jrir:Hr
l. 2.
J.

TYPEB: For eachof theincomplete statements below,oNE or MORE of the completions Decide
if only 4 b and c are conect if only a and c are corect ifonly b and d are correcr if only d is conect if all or none:rre corect

MID-TERM EXAMINATTON NOVEMBER3, 1994

*rrirrtro-pletion(s) irl*..oo"ct and darken theappropriare

4. 5. 19.

Action potentiels
.-*,*-

a'

.) .TK'

rare followed by both absorute andrerativerefractoryperiods. clcur in musclefibres but not in n"rv"s. /are ideally suitedfor signart ansmission . over argwell suitedfor both spatialandtemporal largedistances. summation.,

20.

Gradedpotentials ' are local changesin potential in either a deporarizing lembrane ^ or a hlperpolarizingdirection. . . ' are idea[y suited for information transfer over rarge distances. ' depend on the duration and the o*pta" of the stimurus. , are observedonly in neuransbut nt in muscle f:ibres.

()

- ci.
-\

21.
I

At a chemical synapse

13)) /

R
D
*
1 a L/ - .

calcium strongly influences the amount of uansmitter that is released when nerve terininal is depolarized'' myosin is released.fromthe presynapticcell and interacts with the actin on the postsynapticmembrane. " the flow of information is unidirectonal. . sodium is pumped from the pr"rynpuri" to the postsynapticcell.

Serum X results from theactionof plasminogen onplasmax differsfrom plasma in thai ,"*rn lacksdl theproreins of plasma. lroauled hen red blood ur" hemolysed. A ls ", cannor ""U, clotWJt r )aI <b)

(t

,i,

."...:;.:>*'
_ . :r .:n * r '. ,i+4:nt.r;

Prfrsrotoc Yss2_201A

"

-K #j#i,$#,$ffi-."'* tgF. //,^.,,i,r,t * '*iluHffi""'iffi.l lgFtna''-*""

ffffr*"

vorurne(s)bvdrernd
{c t: I

3,

-q

Etirninationof bacterja, __.vrl4i

i), /N"urophils

s,uuernen., some 'i*"i#:wing rnay *I^I.'RRE

Fr^^,,

Flaurn
hoose the

J
TNCORRBT_I

v r**,:::{iul,g**_p***iid ::
a/ , 3lu***or#l oi, . ;r;ltena -tl-::

. ;;;iiffii;'l',

are are 'acrophases able abre ro nA^ to p o*t been ** opsonized bacteria *r.*oa'es bvcornprernerhasocvtose rn annon_

*o

/.
-4,/a

ft. ).

only a andc arecorrect if only b andd arecorrect if only d is correct if all or nonearecorrecr of thefollowing sratemenrs some MAy BE INCORRECT.chooserheINCORRFCT statements: Lymphocys: a) 'i areresponsible for the specific immune response, whereonly clones expressing ', antigen receptors ableto recognize theretevant antigen will-respond. cell divisionafter activationio make*uitipL copiesof the "(wiil undergoextensive able to recognize a givenantigen. ;e,n rype fmi8rate into lymph nodes anspleen , ioh"r. thcy interact with antigen-presenting cells. areresPonsible for immunological memory,in which a moreefficienthumoral immune response is produced uponre-exposure to a specificantigen.
/

(.r1",,

b) . c) d)

of thefollowing sratements some maybeINCORRECT.choosethe INCORREGT statements: lvlacrophages:

\,), \.. -. '

-:#
I \\.

\c)) v

dl:

" deveiop from neutophils. t71e b?.ft response andin antigen-presenrarion. lvotv.ed T !h: inflammatory r'arethe orycellswhich canpresent antigen to T cells. maybecome activated afterexposure to iytokines, andtheywill in turnproduce othercytokines andinflammatory mediators.

I I I

'r)