Microbiology, 9e (Tortora) Chapter 14

Objective Questions 1) A commensal bacterium A) Does not receive any benefit from its host. B) Is beneficial to its host. C) May be an opportunistic pathogen. D) Does not infect its host. E) B and D only. ) !hich of the follo"ing statements is true# A) $ymbiosis refers to different organisms living together. B) Members of a symbiotic relationship cannot live "ithout each other. C) A parasite is not in symbiosis "ith its host. D) $ymbiosis refers to different organisms living together and benefiting from each other. E) At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship. %) A nosocomial infection is A)

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Al"ays present but inapparent at the time of hospitali&ation. B) Ac'uired during the course of hospitali&ation. C) Al"ays caused by medical personnel. D) (nly a result of surgery. E) Al"ays caused by pathogenic bacteria. )) *he ma+or significance of ,och-s "or. "as that A) Microorganisms are present in a diseased animal. B) Diseases can be transmitted from one animal to another. C) Microorganisms can be cultured. D) Microorganisms cause disease. E) Microorganisms are the result of disease. /) ,och-s postulates don-t apply to all diseases because A) $ome microorganisms can-t be cultured in laboratory media. B) $ome microorganisms don-t cause the same disease in laboratory animals. C) $ome microorganisms cause different symptoms under different conditions.

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D) $ome microorganisms can-t be observed. E) All diseases aren-t caused by microorganisms.

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0) !hich of the follo"ing diseases is not spread by droplet infection# A) Botulism B) *uberculosis C) Measles D) Common cold E) Diphtheria 1) Mechanical transmission differs from biological transmission in that mechanical transmission A) Doesn-t re'uire an arthropod. B) Involves fomites. C) Doesn-t involve specific diseases. D) 2e'uires direct contact. E) Doesn-t "or. "ith noncommunicable diseases. 3) !hich of the follo"ing definitions is incorrect# A) Endemic a disease that is constantly present in a population B)

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Epidemic fraction of the population having a disease at a specified time C) 4andemic a disease that affects a large number of people in the "orld in a short time D) $poradic a disease that affects a population occasionally E) 5one of the above 6) !hich of these infections can cause septicemia# A) Bacteremia B) 7ocal infection C) 8ocal infection D) $epticemia E) $ystemic infection 19) !hich type of infection can be caused by septicemia# A) Bacteremia B) 7ocal infection C) 8ocal infection D) $epticemia

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E) $ystemic infection

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11) ,och observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. !hat is this condition called# A) Bacteremia B) 7ocal infection C) 8ocal infection D) $epticemia E) $ystemic infection 1 ) 5osocomial infections are most often caused by A) Escherichia coli. B) Staphylococcus aureus. C) Enterococcus. D) Pseudomonas. E) Klebsiella. 1%) *ransient microbiota differ from normal microbiota because transient microbiota A) Cause diseases. B)

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Are found in a certain location on the host. C) Are ac'uired by direct contact. D) Are present for a relatively short time. E) 5one of the above. 1)) !hich of the follo"ing statements about nosocomial infections is not true# A) *hey occur in compromised patients. B) *hey are caused by opportunists. C) *hey are caused by drug:resistant bacteria. D) *hey are caused by normal microbiota. E) 5one of the above. 1/) (ne effect of "ashing regularly "ith antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. *his can result in A) Body odor.

B)

7e"er diseases. C) Increased susceptibility to disease. D)

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5ormal microbiota returning immediately. E) 5o bacterial gro"th because "ashing removes their food source.

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10) !hich of the follo"ing is not a reservoir of infection# A) A sic. person B) A healthy person C) A sic. animal D) A hospital E) 5one of the above 11) All of the follo"ing are communicable diseases except A) Malaria. B) AID$. C) *uberculosis. D) *etanus. E) *yphoid fever. 13) !hich of the follo"ing is a fomite# A) !ater B)

Microbiology, 9e (Tortora) Chapter 14

Droplets from a snee&e C) 4us D) Insects E) A hypodermic needle 16) All of the follo"ing statements about biological transmission are true except A) *he pathogen reproduces in the vector. B) *he pathogen may enter the host in the vector-s feces. C) ;ouseflies are an important vector. D) *he pathogen may be in+ected by the bite of the vector. E) *he pathogen may re'uire the vector as a host. 9) !hich of the follo"ing definitions is incorrect# A) Acute a short:lasting primary infection B) Inapparent infection characteristic of a carrier state C) Chronic a disease that develops slo"ly and lasts for months D) 4rimary infection an initial illness

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E) $econdary infection a long:lasting illness

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1) $ymptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms A) Are changes felt by the patient. B) Are changes observed by the physician. C) Are specific for a particular disease. D) Al"ays occur as part of a syndrome. E) 5one of the above. ) *he science that deals "ith "hen diseases occur and ho" they are transmitted is called A) Ecology. B) Epidemiology. C) Communicable disease. D) Morbidity and mortality. E) 4ublic health. 7igure 1).1

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%) 7igure 1).1 sho"s the incidence of influen&a during a typical year. !hich letter on the graph indicates the endemic level# A) a B) b C) c D) d E) 5one of the above

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)) Emergence of infectious diseases can be due to all of the follo"ing except A) Antibiotic resistance. B) Climatic changes. C) Digging up soil. D) Microbes trying to cause disease. E) *ravel. /) !hich of the follo"ing pairs is mismatched# A) Malaria vector B) $almonellosis vehicle transmission C) $yphilis direct contact D) Influen&a droplet infection E) 5one of the above 0) All of the follo"ing can contribute to postoperative infections except A) <sing syringes more than once. B)

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5ormal microbiota on the operating room staff. C) Errors in aseptic techni'ue. D) Antibiotic resistance. E) 5one of the above. 7igure 1).

1) In 7igure 1). = "hat is the endemic level of rotavirus infections# A) 9>

B)

Appro?imately 19> C) Appro?imately 9> D) %/>

E)

*he month of @anuary 3) A cold transmitted by a facial tissue is an e?ample of

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A) Direct contact B) Droplet transmission C) 7omite

D)

Aector

E)

Aehicle transmission 6) Influen&a transmitted by an unprotected snee&e is an e?ample of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) 7omite.

D)

Aector.

E)

Aehicle transmission. %9) A se?ually transmitted disease is an e?ample of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C)

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7omite.

D)

Aector.

E)

Aehicle transmission. %1) Bastroenteritis ac'uired from roast beef is an e?ample of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) 7omite.

D)

Aector.

E)

Aehicle transmission. % ) A needlestic. is an e?ample of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) 7omite.

D)

Aector.

E)

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Aehicle transmission.

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%%) 8egionellosis transmitted by a grocery store mist machine is an e?ample of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) 7omite. D) Aector. E) Aehicle transmission. %)) 4lague transmitted by a flea is an e?ample of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) 7omite. D) Aector. E) Aehicle transmission. %/) *he most li.ely mode of transmission of pneumonic plague bet"een humans is A) Direct contact. B)

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Droplet transmission. C) 7omite. D) Aector. E) Aehicle transmission. $ituation 1).1 During a 0:month period= %6 cases of pneumonia occurred in a to"n of %99 people. A clinical case "as defined as fever C%6DC lasting E days "ith three or more symptoms Fi.e.= chills= s"eats= severe headache= cough= aching musclesG+oints= fatigue= or feeling ill). A laboratory:confirmed case "as defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbrea.= 999 sheep "ere .ept north"est of the to"n. (f the 9 sheep tested from the floc.= 1/ "ere positive for C. burnetii antibodies. !ind ble" from the north"est and rainfall "as 9./ cm compared "ith 1 to 19 cm during each of the previous three years. %0) $ituation 1).1 is an e?ample of A) ;uman reservoirs. B) A &oonosis. C) A nonliving reservoir. D) A vector.

E)

A focal infection.

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%1) In $ituation 1).1= the etiologic agent of the disease is A) $heep. B) $oil. C) C. burnetii. D) 4neumonia. E) !ind. %3) In $ituation 1).1= the method of transmission of this disease "as A) Direct contact. B) Droplet. C) Indirect contact. D) Aector:borne. E) Aehicle. %6) !hich one of the follo"ing is not an e?ample of microbial antagonism# A) Acid production by bacteria B)

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Bacteriocin production C) Bacteria occupying host receptors D) Bacteria causing disease E) 5one of the above )9) *he yeast Candida albicans does not normally cause disease because of A) $ymbiotic bacteria. B) Antagonistic bacteria. C) 4arasitic bacteria. D) Commensal bacteria. E) 5one of the above. )1) Haemophilus bacteria re'uire heme protein produced by Staphylococcus bacteria. *his is an e?ample of A) Antagonism. B) Commensalism. C) 4arasitism. D)

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$ynergism. E) 5one of the above.

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) ) !hich one of the follo"ing is not a &oonosis# A) Cat:scratch disease B) Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome C) 2abies D) *ape"orm E) 5one of the above )%) Pseudomonas bacteria coloni&ed the bile duct of a patient follo"ing his liver transplant surgery. *his is an e?ample of a A) Communicable disease. B) 8atent infection. C) 5osocomial infection. D) $poradic disease. E) 5one of the above. 7igure 1).%

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))) *he graph in 7igure 1).% sho"s the incidence of polio in the <nited $tates. *he period bet"een 16)/ and 16// indicates A) An endemic level. B) An epidemic level. C) A sporadic infection. D) A communicable disease. E) 5one of the above.

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)/) !hich one of the follo"ing does not contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections# A) 7ormation of biofilms. B) 8apse in aseptic techni'ues. C) Bram:negative cell "alls. D) 8ac. of hand:"ashing. E) 8ac. of insect control.