With effect from the academic year 2009-2010

SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION & EXAMINATION B.E. III/IV (BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING) SEMESTER-I Syllabus Ref. No SCHEME OF SCHEME OF EXAMINATION INSTRUCTION CREDITS PERIODS PER DURATION MAXIMUM MARKS WEEK IN HOURS L/T D/P UNIV.MARKS SESSIONALS THEORY 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 75 75 75 75 75 75 25 25 25 25 25 25 4 4 4 4 4 4

S.NO

SUBJECT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

BM 301 UE BM 302 UE BM 303 UE EC 321 UE MT 301 UE

Biological control systems Biomechanics Cardio Pulmonary Equipment Digital Electronics Mathematics-IV* ELECTIVE I

3 PRACTICALS 3 3

1.

2.

Biomedical Equipment Laboratory Digital EC 341 Electronics UE Laboratory TOTAL 24 *. Syllabus same as MT 251 UE BM 331 UE ELECTIVE-I: 1. BM 304 UE Medical Informatics 2. BM 305 UE Biomaterials 3. BM 306 UE Bio Transport Processes

50

25

3 6

50 550

25 200

2 28

With effect from the academic year 2009-2010 BM 301 UE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS Instruction Duration of University Examination University Examination Sessionals Credits 4 Periods per week 3 Hours 75 Marks 25 Marks 4

UNIT-I Open and closed loop systems. Mathematical models of physical systems. Transfer functions. Block diagram algebra. Signal flow graphs. Feedback characteristics of control systems. Control systems and components. DC and AC servomotors. Principles of stepper motors. UNIT-II Standard test signals. Time response of first order and second order systems. Design specifications of second order systems. Proportional controller. Proportional derivative controller. Proportional-Integral controller Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller Performance indices of control systems. Necessary conditions for stability. Hurwitz and Routh stability criteria. Relative stability. UNIT-III Concept and construction of root locus. Root contours. Frequency response analysis, Correlation between time and frequency response, Bode plots. Stability in frequency domain. Nyquist stability criteria. UNIT-IV Examples of Biological Control Systems. Cardiovascular Control Systems-Heart rate, Blood Pressure, Cardiac Output. Respiratory Control system-Chemical regulation of ventilation, Cheyne Stokes breathing. Body temperature Regulation. Blood glucose regulation. UNIT-V Pupil Control System. Visual Fixation System. Oculo-motor System Skeletal Muscle Servo-mechanism. The Semicircular Canal. Free swinging limbs. Human Operator Tracking characteristics. Biological Receptors-Receptor Characteristics. Transfer function Models of Receptors. Suggested Reading: 1. Ogata Katsuhika, Modern Control Engineering, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall of India, 1992 2. Milsum John., Biological Control Systems Analysis. Mc GRaw Hill, 1980 3. NagrathI.J and Gopal M., Control Systems Engineering, 3rd Ed, New Age Publishers, 2002 4. Michael C. Khoo, Physiological Control Systems-Analysis, Simulation and Estimation, IEEE Press, 2000 5. R.P.Van Wijk van Brievingh and D.P.F.Moller(Eds)., Biomedical Modeling and Simulation on a PC-A Workbench for Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Springer-Verlag, 1993.

With effect from the academic year 2009-2010 BM 302 UE BIOMECHANICS Instruction Duration of University Examination University Examination Sessionals Credits 4 Periods per week 3 Hours 75 Marks 25 Marks 4

UNIT-I Properties of biological tissues: Mechanical Properties of collagen, elastin, bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, muscles and synovial fluid. Muscle models. Evaluation tests for mechanical properties of biological tissues. Features of viscoelasticity, constitutive equations and uses of viscoelastic models. Bioviscoelestic solids and fluids. UNIT-II Statics in biomechanics: Analysis of rigid bodies in equilibrium, conditions for equilibrium, free body diagrams, General procedure to analyze systems in equilibrium, Types of support or joint with biomechanical examples. Analysis of joints in various postures. Basic assumptions and limitations, Biomechanical analysis of elbow, shoulder, spinal column, hip, knee and ankle. UNIT-III Cardiovascular mechanics: Forces involved in blood flow, Generalized Bernoullis equation, Wind kessel model, Stresses in the ventricular wall, Pressure-Volume loop. Hagen-Poiseuille Law-derivation and applications, steady laminar flow in elastic tube, Wave propagation in blood vessels, Reflection and transmission of waves at arterial junctions, Blood flow in veins, microcirculation. UNIT-IV: Pulmonary mechanics: Mechanism of air flow, Respiratory cycle, Lung Ventilation model, Methods of determining pressure, flow-rate and volume-Spirometry, Respiratory plethysmography, Diagnostic significance of the lung-ventilation model, static and dynamic respiratory mechanics tests. UNIT-V: Orthopedic implants: Design process of an orthopedic implant, typical specifications for an prosthetic joint, Biocompatibility, Requirements of a biomaterial, Characteristics of different types of biomaterials, manufacturing process of implants, fixation of implants-Mechanical fixation, cements and adhesives, porous materials. Suggested Reading: 1. Y.C.Fung., Biomechanics-Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, Springer-Verlag,1981. 2. Nihat Ozkaya and Matgareta Nordin, Fundamentals of Biomechanics-Equilibrium, Motion and Deformation, Sringer-Verlag, 1984 3. Y.C.Fung., Biodynamics-circulation, Springer-Verlag,1984. 4. John G. Webster, Medical Instrumentation-Application and design, John Wiley and sons Inc., 3rd Ed., 2003 5. D.Dowson and V. Wright, AN Introduction to Biomechanics of Joints and Joint Replacements, Mechanical Engineering Publications, 1980

With effect from the academic year 2009-2010 BM 303 UE CARDIO-PULMONARY EQUIPMENT Instruction: Duration of University Examination: University Examination: Sessional: Credits: 4 Periods per week 3 Hours 75 Marks 25 Marks 4

UNIT-I Defibrillators: D.C. Defibrillators of Capacitive discharge and delay line capacitive discharge with circuit diagrams. Types of electrodes and their features. Testing and safety. Cardioverters: Working principles. Scheme of Synchronizing. D. C. Defibrillators with R-wave of ECG. Testing and safety. UNIT-II Cardiac Pacemakers: Types-Asynchronous and Synchronous(demand), Mode of Operation External and implantable. Asynchronous pacemakers: Working principle, block diagram circuit diagram of blocking oscillator. Synchronous/Demand Pacemaker: Working principles. Modes of triggering-ventricular triggered(QRS triggered)and atrio-ventricular synchronized pacemaker(P wave triggered) Implantable Pacemaker: Technical and qualitative requirements of power supplies, lead wires and electrodes. Transcutaneous R.F. powered cardiac pacemaker system. Susceptibility of implanted pacemaker to electrical interference and remedial measure. UNIT-III Assist devices of the heart: Principles of external counter pulsation techniques. Intra-aortic Balloon pump. Auxiliary ventricle and schematic for temporary by-pass of left ventricle. Prosthetic Heart: Qualitative requirements. Categories-Mechanical; and tissue Valves. Types of mechanical valves: Ball and Cage, tilting disc and Bileaflet valves. Types of Tissue valves: Homografts or Allografts(human adaver)and Heterografts or Xenografts(Porcine or Bovine). In vitro performance testing of prosthetic heart valves using a pulse duplicator. UNIT-IV Heart lung Machine: Governing principles. Qualitative requirements. Functional details of Bubble, Thin Film and membrane-type of blood oxygenators. Respiratory measurements and aids: Principles and techniques of impedance Pnuemography and pneumotachograph. Ventilators. Parameters: System concepts, Flow gauges, Valves, Humidifiers, Birds Ventillator. UNIT-V Intensive coronary care concepts: System organization. Critical physiological parameters to be monitored. Layout and safety precautions. Artificial Hearts, Pulse Oximetry, Infusion pumps, Syringe pumps. Suggested Reading: 1. John G. Webster, Medical Instrumentation-Application and Design, John Wiley and sons Inc., 3rd Ed., 2003 2. Khandpur R.S., Hand Book of Biomedical Instrumentation, Tata Mc.Graw Hill Pub Co.Ltd., 2nd ed., new Delhi, 2003 3. Joseph J. Carr ad John M. Brown, Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology, Pearson Education, 2001

With effect from the academic year 2009-2010 EC 321 UE DIGITAL ELCTRONICS Instruction: Duration of University Examination: University Examination: Sessional : Credits: 4 Periods per week 3 Hours 75 Marks 25 Marks 4

UNIT-I Number systems: Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number systems. Conversion from one system to another. Codes: BCD, ASCII code, Excess-3 code, Gray code. Error detecting and error correcting codes. Combinational Logic Design: Boolean laws & theorems. Karnaugh Map-simplification of Boolean expressions-Sum of Products (SOP) form, Product of Sums (POS) form. Realization of Boolean expressions using universal gates. UNIT-II Data processing circuits: Multiplexers, De-Multiplexers, Code-converters, Encoders, Decoders. Arithmetic Circuits: Half adder, Full adder, Half subtractors, full Subtractors. Digital Circuit Testing tools: Logic Pulser, Logic probe, Current Tracer. UNIT-III Sequential circuits: Flip-flops-RS, D, JK and JK Master slave. Debounce circuits. Registers: Serial-in parallel-out, Serial-in Serial-out, parallel-in-serial-out, parallel-in-parallel-out. Counters: Asynchronous and synchronous counters, decade counters, ring counters. Design of synchronous counters using excitation tables. UNIT-IV Basic computer Organization: Instruction codes, Computer registers, Timing and control, Instruction cycle, Input-output Configuration, Interrupt cycle. Introduction to microprocessors and microcontrollers. UNIT-V Memories: Types of memories, Memory Addressing, ROM, PROM, EPROM, SRAM, DRAM, DDRAM, NVRAM, flash memory. Programmable Logic Devices: PLAs, PALs, PLLs. Applications: Digital Clock, Frequency counter, Time measurement, Displays. Suggested Reading: 1.Donald P.Leach & Albert Paul Malvino, Digital Principles and electronic 5th Ed., Tata Mc. Graw Hill Publishing Co.Ltd., New Delhi, 2003 2. R.P.Jain, Modern Digital Electronics, 3rd Ed., Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003 3. Morris Mano M. Computer system Architecture, 3rd Ed, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2000

With effect from the academic year 2009-2010 MT 251 UE MATHEMATICS-IV Instruction Duration of University Examination University Examination Sessionals Credits 4 Periods per week 3 Hours 75 Marks 25 Marks 4

UNIT-I Functions of complex Variables: Limit and continuity of function-analytic function Cauchy-Reimann equations-Complex integration, Cauchys theorem-Derivative of Analutic functions-Cauchys integral formula and its applications. UNIT-II Taylors and Laurents Series Expansions: Zeros and singularites-Residues-Residue Theorem-Evaluation of real integrals using residue theorem-conformal mapping-Bilinear Transformation. UNIT-III Statistics: Random variable, distributions, Density functions-conditional distributions-Bayes theoremMathematical exception expected values moments and Moment Generating functions. UNIT-IV Distributions: Poisson, Normal, Gamma and chi-square distribution-fitting these curves of the data. UNIT-V Curve fitting by method of Least squares: Correlation and Regression-Lines of Regression Tests of Significance, Chi-Square, F and T tests. Recommended Text Books: J. W. Brown and R.V. Churchill, Complex Variables and Applications, 6th Ed., Mc Graw Hill, 1996 I.Miller, J. E. Freund and R.Johnson, Probability and Statistics for Engineers, prentice-Hall, 3rd ed., 1990. Reference Books: Gupta S.C and Kapoor V.K: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics-Sultan Chand & Sons, 2000 R.K. Jain & S.R.K. Iyengar: Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Narosa Publications, 2002 Marayanan, S. Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K., Ramaniah, G, Advanced Mathematics for Engineering Students, Volume II(2nd Edition), S. Viswanathan(Printers & Publishers), 1992

With effect from the academic year 2009-2010 BM 331 UE BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT LAB Instruction Duration of University Examination University Examination Sessionals Credits I. List of Experiments: DC Defibrillator Pacemakers-Asynchronous and Synchronous ECG Recorder and Monitor Syringe Pump Pulse Oximeter Ventilator Pneumotachograph Impedance Pneumograph Spiro meter Airway Resistance Measurement II. Mini Project and Design exercises: Mini project is to be executed batch-wise. Design exercises are to be carried out individually. 3 Periods per week 3 Hours 50 Marks 25 Marks 2

With effect from the academic year 2009-2010 BM 341 UE DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB Instruction Duration of University Examination University Examination Sessionals Credits 3 Periods per week 3 Hours 50 Marks 25 Marks 2

I. List of Experiments: Clippers and Clampers-Series and Parallel Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrators Logic Gates-AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR Half Adder, Full Adder, Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor Flip Flops-SR, JK, D, T, JK-Master Slave A/D and D/A converters Multiplexers and Demultiplexers Shift register-Series/Parallel-in to Series/Parallel-out CMOS-TTL and TTL-CMOS interfacing BCD-7 segment Display PLL and Voltage Controlled Oscillator Counters-Decade, Binary, Divide-by-N II. Mini Project and Design exercises: Mini project is to be executed batch-wise. Design exercises are to be carried out individually.

With effect from the academic year 2009-2010 BM 304 UE MEDICAL INFORMATICS Instruction Duration of University Examination University Examination Sessionals Credits 4 Periods per week 3 Hours 75 Marks 25 Marks 4

UNIT I Planning and designing of hospital systems: Financial aspects, Equipment, Building, Organization of the hospital, various medical services in a hospital, BME services and technical aspects: pole and responsibilities. Layout, setting and Functions of Biomedical Engineering Department in a Hospital Biomedical equipment Management: Procurement process, Training to Medical staff on technical capabilities, Biomedical Equipment maintenance procedures. UNIT II Database Management (DBMS): Introduction to Data structures, Elements, Arrays, Records, Sets, Tables, Singly and Doubly linked data, stacks, Queues and Trees, Need for a database, Architecture of DBMS. Representation of data, physical Record Interface, Data models, Relational, Hierarchical and Network approach. UNIT III Data Modeling Techniques: Relational, Hierarchical and network normalization techniques for Data handling. Relational, Distributed and other types of Databases. Data Indexing and Structuring Techniques, Integrity and Security of Databases, Information Searching and Retrieval. Operators: Relational, Logical and Boolean. UNIT IV Hospital Information Systems: Need for computerization in Hospitals, Functional capabilities of a computerized Hospital Information System. Cost effectiveness of Information processing by a computer, Security of Computer Records, Source of Data for decision making. Computerized Patient Database Management: Methods of History taking by computers, Computerized Medical Record Evaluation. Computers in Clinical laboratory: Microprocessors, Database approach to Laboratory computerization. UNIT V Applications of Artificial Intelligence in medicine Telemetry Applications in Medicine: Telemetry circuits, modulation systems, single and multi-channel telemetry systems, implantable telemetry system, wireless telemetry, video conferencing, Tele-surgery, Virtual Reality. Suggested Reading: G.D. Kunders, Hospitals Planning, Design and Management, RTata McGraw Hill Publications, New Delhi,2003 Date C.J, An Introduc tion to Database Systems, Addisson Wesley. J.D Ullman, Principles of Database Systems, Golgotia Publications, 1990. R.D. Lele, Computers in medicine, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications, New Delhi,1988. Khandpur R.S., Hand Book of Biomedical Instrumentation, Tata McGraw Hill Pub Co. Ltd., 2nd ed., New Delhi,2003.

With effect from the academic year 2009-2010 BM 304 UE BIOTRANSPORT PROCESSES Instruction Duration of University Examination University Examination Sessionals Credits 4 Periods per week 3 Hours 75 Marks 25 Marks 4

Unit I System concepts for transport processes. Effort variables, flow vsariables, relationship between flow and effort variables. Chemical balances, force balances, general flow balances, Kirchoffs laws, system applications. UNIT II Fluid flow systems. Conservation of mass, conservation of energy, momentum balance, Newtonian and non-newtonian flows. Rheology and flow of blood. Transport through cell membranes. UNIT III Heat transfer systems. Modes of heat transfer, conduction, convection and radiation. Heat generation and Heat storage. Mixed heat transfer, heat production, heat loss, models for heat transfer within the body. UNIT IV Mass transfer principles. Mass balance, molecular diffusion, convection, mass generation and mass storage, mixed mode mass transfer, simultaneous heat and mass transfer. Mass transfer in kidneys, lungs and in artificial organs(dialysers and oxygenators) UNIT V Compartmental models. Approaches to pharmacokinetic modeling and drug delivery, one and two compartmental models. Physiological applications-intravenous injection, constant intravenous infusion, determination of rehional blood flow volumes and blood flow rates. Suggested Reading: Arthur T. Johnson, Biological Process Engineering- An analogical approach to fluid flow, heat transfer, mass transfer applied to biological systems, John Wiley and Sons, 1999. David O. Cooney, Biomedical Engineering Principles-An introduction to fluid, heat, mass transport processes, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1976

With effect from the academic year 2009-2010 BM 304 UE BIOMATERIALS Instruction Duration of University Examination University Examination Sessionals Credits 4 Periods per week 3 Hours 75 Marks 25 Marks 4

UNIT I Biomaterials and their applications: metals and alloys, polymers, hydro gels, bio resorbable and bio erodible materials, ceramics, glasses and glass ceramics, natural materials, composites, thin films, grafts and coatings, fabrics, biologically functional materials, bulk and mechanical properties, fatigue, toughness, effect of fabrication on strength, surface properties, mechanical tests. Biocompatibility and Bio stability of medical implant materials. UNIT II Testing biomaterials: Intro assessment of tissue compatibility, assay methods, direct contact tests, agar diffusion test, elution test. Invivo assessment of tissue compatibility, evaluation of tissue reaction, mechanical testing, criteria for assessing acceptability of the tissue response, testing of blood-materials interaction. Degradation of biomaterials. UNIT III Implants: Cardiovascular-cardio pulmonary bypass, heart valves, vascular grafts, stents, catheters. Ophthalmic-contact lenses, corneal implants, intraocular lens implants, implants for retinal detachment surgery, surgical adhesives. Dental implant systems, endosseous implants, subperiosteal implants. Artificial organs Implantable pneumatic artificial hearts and extra corporeal artificial organs. UNIT IV Applications: Drug delivery systems-diffusion controlled delivery systems, water penetration controlled systems, chemically controlled devices, regulated systems. Sutures-categories and characteristics of sutures. Burn dressings-principles of wound coverage and healing, design criteria for wound coverage, types of wound coverage materials. Non-thrombogenic surfaces, evaluation methods of blood compatability, heparin containing bioactive surfaces. UNIT V Practice: Implants and devices sterilization methods of implants, cardiovascular implantation, dental implantation, ophthalmic implantation-cataract surgery methods, implant and devices failure mechanism, biocompatibility and performance of medical devices. Implant retrieval and Evaluation. Suggested Reading: Buddy D. Ratner, Allan S. Hoffman, Fredrick J. Schoen, Jack E. Lemons, Eds, Biometrials science An introduction to materials in medicine, Academic Press, 1996. Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, David E. Altobelli, Michael J. Yaszemski, JosephD. Gresser, Edith R. Schwartz, EDs. Encyclopedic handbook of biomaterials and bioengineering, Parts A&B, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1995