PROJECT REPORT

AIM

IGBT INVERTER

This medium-power inverter is capable of generating approximately 300VA Power. ou can power the inverter from your car battery to generate !0"# A$ supply. The inverter provides enough bac%-up power to light up to three &00' bulbs for up to two hours( provided the car battery is fully charged. )ig. & shows the bloc% diagram of the medium-power inverter. The power house comprises car battery( power supply( oscillator-cum-divider( driver( *nverter transformer( power amplifier( bu##er and battery-level indicator sections. To %eep the cost low( the charger circuit has not been included here. The car battery can be charged through the car battery charger circuit whenever it discharges.

)ig. &+,loc% diagram of medium-power inverter

The circuit
$onnect the car battery to the circuit using crocodile clips. The red clip should be connected to the positive terminal of the battery and the blac% clip should be connected to the negative terminal of the battery. *f crocodile clips are connected to the wrong terminals of the battery( -./& glows to alert you. 0ow flip switch 1& towards 2on3 position to enable the circuit. -./3 glows to indicate power-2on3 and &4V /$ reaches regulator *$ 560! 7*$&8. The regulated output is fed to the oscillator-cum-divider and driver while the centre terminal of the inverter transformer primary is connected to the positive terminal of the car battery through high-current carrying wires. $apacitor $& functions as a reservoir capacitor. -ow-battery indicator. )or long life of the battery( it should not be allowed to discharge to a voltage below &0 V. .ven a single event of deep discharge $an reduce the charge-holding capacity of the battery permanently. )or audio-visual indication of the low-battery level( dual operational amplifier *$ -93!6 has been used. A fixed reference voltage of !.&V is applied to its positive input( while the sensing voltage is applied to its negative input. 1et preset V:&such that the Pie#obu##er sounds when the on load battery voltage falls below &0V /$. 'hen the battery voltage drops below &0V( the sense input voltage drops below !.&V and output pin & of *$; goes high to sound the bu##er and light up -./4.

Oscillator-cum-divider. The oscillator-cum-divider section is built

around timer *$ -9!!! 7*$48 and dual <-= flip-flop 5;53 7*$38. >nly one flip-flop of the dual <= flip-flop is used here. Timer -9!!! is wired as an astable multivibrator( whose time period is decided by resistors :5 and :6 and capacitor $!. *t produces &?"# at output pin3( which is given to pin ! of the <-= flip-flop to produce !0 "# with <-= flip-flop to produce !0 "# with !0@ duty cycle. 'hen the inverter

is switched on using switch 1&( *$4 stars producing &00"#( while the <-= flip-flop produces !0"# at its output pins 6 and A. The output of timer *$4 can be chec%ed using the oscilloscope at test point 7TP8.

Driver circuit. The flip- flop output is fed to *B,T driver transistors T&
and T4 via a diode-resistor combination. At any instant( if the voltage of pin 6 of *$3 is C!V( the voltage at its pin A will be 0V( and vice versa. Therefore 'hen transistor T& conducts( transistor T4 is cut off( and vice versa. 'henever output pin 6 of *$3 goes high( npn transistor T& conducts and the corresponding set of *B,Ts 7T3 through T!8 remains cut off while the collector of transistor T4 is at !V. Thus current flows through half of the inverter transformer3s primary winding. 1imilarly( when output pin A of *$ 3 goes high( npn transistor T4 conducts and the corresponding set of *B,Ts 7TD through T68 remains cut off while the collector of transistor T& *1 AT !V. Thus current flows through the inverter transformer3s primary winding.

Power amplifier. The power amplifier section comprises two sets of

three power *B,Ts connected in parallel for operation of the inverter. The output of *$3 drives the *B,Ts 7T3 through T!( and TD through T68 via transistors T& and T4 to generate !0 "#( 430V A$ at the output of inverter transformer E&.

Fa ricatio!
ou can assemble the circuit on any general-purpose P$,. "owever( an actual-si#e( single-side P$, for the medium-power inverter circuit is shown in )ig.3 and its component layout in )ig.;. Pin configurations of 9>1).T *:)F;;( regulator *$ 560! and npn transistor ,/&3A A:. 1">'0 *0 )ig.!. After construction( enclose the entire circuit in a portable box 7see)ig.D8 The first 9>1).T set comprises T3( T; and T!( and the second *B,T set comprises T3( T; and T!. Gse separate heat-sin%s for each *B,Tset. 1ince *B,Ts T3 through T!( TD through T6( are connected in parallel( connect the drains of the *B,Ts 7internally connected to the bac%plate having a through hole8 using a copperH brass nutHbolt onto the respective common heat-sin%. 9ount all the status -./s( Pie#obu##er and switches on the front panel. Gse heavy-gauge( multistrand battery wires 74.! sI. mm or more8 for the following /$ connections+

&. )rom positive battery terminal to the middle of transformer E& primary. 4. )rom the negative terminal of the battery to the common ground on the P$, using copperHbrass nut and bolt 7provision for the same is made on the P$,8. 3. )rom each heat-sin% set 7where the drains of the *B,Ts have been connected using nuts and bolts8 to the respective primary terminals of transformerE&. )ollowing additional precautions may also be ta%en+ &. >n full load( the current drawn from the battery could be a high as 30 amperes. Therefore the ground trac% around source terminals of the *B,Ts on the P$, may be strengthened by depositing additional solder. 4. ou may add a resistor 70.!-ohm rated at 40'8 in series with positive battery lead going to the middle terminal of transformer E& primary. *n the case of excessive rent being drawn by any of the *B,Ts 7due to shorting( etc8( only the resistor will burn( which can be easily replaced.

PART" #I"T
"emico!ductors$
*$& *$4 *$3 *$; T&( T4 T3-T6 /&( /4 -./&( -./4 -./3 F/&( F/4 -------------------560! !V regulator -9!!! timer 5;53 dual <-= flip-flop -93!6 dual operational amplifier ,/&3A npn transistor power *B,T *0;&;6 diode !mm red -./ !mm green -./ !.&V #ener diode

Resistors %all otherwise+$

:&-:3( :!( :D :A-:&4 :; :5 :6 V:&

&-watt'
-------------

()*

car o!'

u!less

me!tio!ed

&-%ilo-ohm &->"9( 0.!' &-ohm. 0.!' 440-ohm &!-%ilo-ohm ;50-%ilo-ohm preset

Capacitors$
$&($3 $4 $; $! $D ------0.&J) ceramic dis% &000Kf( 3!V electrolytic &00J)( 4!V electrolytic 0.;5J) ceramic dis% 0.0&L) ceramic dis%

Miscella!eous$
1& PF& E& -------->nHoff switch Pie#obu##er &4V-0-&4V primary to 300VA inverter Transformer 9ultistrand high-current carrying wires

)ig.3+ Actual-si#e( single-side P$, for medium-power inverter

)ig.;+ $omponent layout for the P$,

CIRC,IT OF MEDI,M-PO-ER I./ERTER