Sub: Water Resources Engineering

Topic : Irrigation Engineering

MODULE- 73A
Design of weirs on permeable foundation.

The sub. surface flow below a weir causes two definite instability problems as below. 1. Up lift forces due to the sub soil pressure that tends to lift up the barrage raft floor. 2. Upward rising seepage forces through the river bed just down stream of the solid apron causes sand particles to erupt upwards and tends to piping failure of the foundation. Blighs creep theory : According to Blighs theory, the percolating water follows the outline of the base of the foundation of the hydraulic structure. The length of the path thus traversed by water is called the length of the creep. It is assumed that the loss of head is proportional to the length of the creep. If of creep, the is the total head loss between the u/s and d/s and L is the length

is called hydraulic gradient.

Safety against uplift pressure: Upward force = downward force =

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Sub: Water Resources Engineering = (G1) t= is floor thickness required.

Topic : Irrigation Engineering

Lanes weighted creep theory: It is same as Blighs theory but weightage of horizontal length is and for vertical it is 1. Khoslas theory: The main observation of this theory is 1. The outer faces of the end sheet piles are much more effective than the inner faces and the horizontal length of floor. 2. The intermediate piles of smaller in length than the outer piles are ineffective except for some local redistribution of pressure. 3. Piping of the floors starts from the tail end when the hydraulic gradient at the exit is greater than the critical gradient for that particular soil. Critical exit gradient:

Upward force = downward force

= = = (or) = (G1) (1 )

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Sub: Water Resources Engineering = , =

Topic : Irrigation Engineering

(or)

= e

+e e ) = e

= = = (G1)(1)

Khoslas expression for exit gradient: =

H = seepage head d = depth of d/s pile

and =

b = horizontal distance between entry and exit points of impervious floor. Khoslas theory: 1. A composite profile is split into a no. of simple elementary standard forms for which the mathematical solution can easily be obtained. 2. Each elementary form is then treated independent of the other and the pressures at its key points of the entire structure. 3. Then the solutions of these elementary forms are superposed to obtain the pressure distribution at all the key points of the entire structure. 4. Further these pressures are to be corrected as the individual pressures have been obtained based on the assumption. (a). the floor is of negligible thickness. (b). there is only one pile line. (c). the floor is horizontal. 5. Apply correction for these assumptions. (a) Thickness. (b) Interference (c) slope.

Uplift pressures at key points in elementary cases. JH ACADEMY Page 3

Sub: Water Resources Engineering Case 1: Pile at downstream end

Topic : Irrigation Engineering

= = = 0

( (

) )

Case 2 : Pile at upstream end

= = = 1 = 1 = 1

( (

) ) =

, = .

Case 3 : Intermediate pile.

= = = Where = =

( ( ) (

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Sub: Water Resources Engineering

Topic : Irrigation Engineering

Case 4 : Depressed floor

)+

= 1 = = =

( (

) )

, = .

Correction for thickness of floor :

Correction for interference of piles:

= 19 (

),

= 19 (

),

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Sub: Water Resources Engineering

Topic : Irrigation Engineering

Correction for sloping floor : If the floor is not horizontal but slopping, the correction is applicable To key points at beginning and end of sloping floor as given by

C= Where

. varies from 2 for slope 8:1 to 11.2 for slope 1:1.

The correction is negative for upslope and is positive for the down slope. Launching apron:

x h = scour depth h = Laceys scour depth x = multiplication factor 1.5 or 2.

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