JM302 MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY ( case study ) LECTURER: PN. KHAIRUL FAIZAH BT.

SHAHRUDIN (JKM)
No. 1 2 3 4 5 Name of Group AZLAN HADI BIN HAMIZI IKHWAN SHAQIMAN BIN ZAIMAL ABDIN YIP KHAI LEONG MOHD HAMIZUDIN BIN MOHD YUSOF AHMAD SALIHIN BIN AHMAD ZAMBRI Registration Number 15DEM12F1005 15DEM12F1007 15DEM12F1014 15DEM12F1019 15DEM12F1020

PROGRAMME: Diploma In Mechatronics Engineering (JKM) Class: DEM 3A SESSION: JUNE 2012

JM309 FLUID MECHANICS Report ( BUOYANCY )

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Name of Group AZLAN HADI BIN HAMIZI IKHWAN SHAQIMAN BIN ZAIMAL ABDIN YIP KHAI LEONG MOHD HAMIZUDIN BIN MOHD YUSOF AHMAD SALIHIN BIN AHMAD ZAMBRI MUHAMMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN RUSLI Registration Number 15DEM12F1005 15DEM12F1007 15DEM12F1014 15DEM12F1019 15DEM12F1020 15DEM12F1003

CLASS : DEM 3A PROGRAMME : ENGINEERNIG MECHATRONIC ( DEM) LECTURER : PN. ALAWIYAH BINTI ABDULLAH SESSION : JUNE 2012

BUOYANCY INTRODUCTION

In science, buoyancy is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object. In a column of fluid, pressure increases with depth as a result of the weight of the overlying fluid. Thus a column of fluid, or an object submerged in the fluid, experiences greater pressure at the bottom of the column than at the top. This difference in pressure results in a net force that tends to accelerate an object upwards. The magnitude of that force is proportional to the difference in the pressure between the top and the bottom of the column. This will explained by Archimedes' principle) is also equivalent to the weight of the fluid that would otherwise occupy the column, i.e. the displaced fluid. For this reason, an object whose density is greater than that of the fluid in which it is submerged tends to sink. If the object is either less dense than the liquid or is shaped appropriately (as in a boat), the force can keep the object afloat. This can occur only in a reference frame which either has a gravitational field or is accelerating due to a force other than gravity defining a "downward" direction (that is, a non-inertial reference frame). In a situation of fluid statics, the net upward buoyancy force is equal to the magnitude of the weight of fluid displaced by the body.[1] The center of buoyancy of an object is the centroid of the displaced volume of fluid.

Figure above show about the forces at work in buoyancy. Note that, because the object is floating, the upward force of buoyancy is equal to the downward force of gravity. Archimedes' principle Archimedes' principle is named after Archimedes of Syracuse, who first discovered this law in 212 B.C.[2] For more objects, floating and sunken, and in gases as well as liquids (i.e. a fluid), Archimedes' principle may be stated thus in terms of forces:

Any object, wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Archimedes of Syracuse with the clarifications that for a sunken object the volume of displaced fluid is the volume of the object, and for a floating object on a liquid, the weight of the displaced liquid is the weight of the object. More tersely: Buoyancy = weight of displaced fluid. Archimedes' principle does not consider the surface tension (capillarity) acting on the body,[3] but this additional force modifies only the amount of fluid displaced, so the principle that Buoyancy = weight of displaced fluid remains valid. The weight of the displaced fluid is directly proportional to the volume of the displaced fluid (if the surrounding fluid is of uniform density). In simple terms, the principle states that the buoyancy force on an object is going to be equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, or the density of the fluid multiplied by the submerged volume times the gravitational acceleration, g. Thus, among completely submerged objects with equal masses, objects with greater volume have greater buoyancy. This is also known as upthrust. Buoyancy reduces the apparent weight of objects that have sunk completely to the sea floor. It is generally easier to lift an object up through the water than it is to pull it out of the water.

OBJECTIVE a) b) c) To identified and analysis how buoyancy force can be work when put in water . To study about differ density by using things that are light and heavy . To study which two type of thing wiil sink and float

MATERIAL USED a) b) c) Bottle Coins Bottle cap PROCEDURE : 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) First , prepare two bottle and cut into half part . Second , pour the water into the bottle which is cut into half part. Third ,prepare the coins and bottle cap . Finally , throw the both material that are use into the bottle which is cut into half part . At the results , we will know which material will sink and which material will float .

This experiment, we make one video about the buoyancy force , At the video which is prepare by us , show about how the buoyancy force can happen . If want to know about this experiment with close .Please refer this video .

DICUSSION We have learned about the buoyancy force is relate with Archimedes principle . This easily to know at the end of the experiment . CONCLUSION Finally , the end of this topic , we can learn about how buoyancy can happen in the water by using the material which is light and heavy . REFERENCE -https://www.google.com.my/ - http://www.youtube.com/ -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page