Denitions: Chapter 8: Denition Denition Denition Denition Chapter 9 Denition of dierentiability at a point and of total derivative (9.

11) Denition of partial derivatives (9.16) Denition of contraction (9.22) Theorems Chapter 8: Statement and Proof of Thms AC and UC from the notes Statement and Proof of Thm 8.11 (and the obvious Corollary, Thm 8.12) Statement and Proof of Thm 8.14 Statement of Thm 8.15 Statement and proof of Thm 8.16 Chapter 9. Statement of Thm 9.15 Statement and Proof of Thm 9.21,9.23, 9.24 All HW assignments. of of of of Analytic functions. Trig Polynomial (8.9) Orthogonal and orthonormal system (8.10) Dirichlet kernel (8.13)

Theorem AC.(Analytic continuation) Let f : I R R be an analytic function. If there exists x0 I such that f (k) (x0 ) = 0 for all k 0 then f 0. Proof. Denote by F := {x I : f (k) (x) = 0k 0}. By our assumptions x0 F , hence F = . We want o show that F is both open and closed in I . Since I is connected and F = , this implies that F = I which gives the desired conclusion. To show that F is closed notice that, F =
k

k=0

{(f k )1 (0)}.

Since each f is continuous, the inverse image of the closed set {0} via f k is also closed and the intersection of any family of closed sets is closed. To show that F is open, let x F and let us show that there exists a small interval around x which is fully contained in F. Since f is analytic, f can b expanded in power series around x that is f ( x) = Moreover, f k ( x) . k! Since x F we conclude that ck = 0 for all k s and hence f 0 on the interval |x x | < . In particular this interval is contained in F , as desired. ck = Theorem UC. (Uniform convergence of Fourier Series.) Let f be dened on [, ] and periodic of period 2. If f C 2 then the Fourier sum sN (f ) = N inx converges uniformly to f as N . n=1 cn e Proof. Integrating by parts, we obtain the following: 1 1 2cn = f (x)einx dx = [einx f (x)] + f (x)einx dx, in in
k=0

ck (x x )k ,

for |x x | < .

thus (the rst term is zero by the periodicity of f ) 1 f (x)einx dx. 2cn = in

By a second integration by parts we then obtain, 1 2cn = 2 f (x)einx dx. n

In conclusion, since f is C 2 the second derivative is bounded on [, ] and we have 1 |cn | M 2 . n Hence, by Theorem 7.10 in Rudin (Weierstrass test), sN converges uniformly. Moreover under our assumption, the hypothesis (79) in Theorem 8.14 (point wise convergence theorem) is satised, thus sN must converge to f .