BC HYDRO

REAL TIME OPERATIONS

OPERATING ORDER 6T34

AUTOMATIC UNDERVOLTAGE LOAD SHEDDING (AUVLS) (PRC-021-1, PRC-022-1) Supercedes 6T-34 issued 22 September 2011

Effective Date:

19 December 2011

Review Year:

2012

Original signed by APPROVED BY: Devinder Ghangass General Manager, Real Time Operations

Denotes Revision

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1.0

GENERAL This Operating Order (OO) describes the Automatic Undervoltage Load Shedding (AUVLS) scheme that has been implemented to maintain voltage stability of the BC Hydro 500 kV system. The AUVLS will shed load on Vancouver Island (VI) and in the Lower Mainland (LM) to prevent a voltage collapse of the integrated electric system following the loss of major transmission lines or reactive power support facilities. Load will be shed either individually or collectively, depending on the magnitude of the undervoltage condition and the VAR output of the Burrard (BGS) generators and/or VIT synchronous condensers. (see Section 5.0 if all BGS units or VIT synchronous condensers are shutdown.) The AUVLS is also commonly known as the Second Contingency Load Shedding Scheme.

2.0

RESPONSIBILITIES The BC Hydro Transmission Coordinator is responsible to ARM and DISARM the AUVLS scheme as required and advise the Sector 2 and 3 Grid Operator(s) of the arming status. When the VI portion of AUVLS and/or the LM portion of AUVLS have failed, the Transmission Coordinator will inform the Sector 2 Grid Operator and/or the Sector 3 Grid Operator: 1) about the AUVLS failure 2) to be prepared to perform manual load shedding 3) if manual shedding is required, when to initiate it The Sector 2 and 3 Grid Operator(s) are responsible to ensure connected load is available for shedding at all times. After load shedding has occurred, the Transmission Coordinator coordinates load restoration. All instructions for Manual Load Shedding implementation will be issued using three-part communications protocol. The Transmission Coordinator will give the instruction and the Grid Operator will repeat-back the instruction as it was understood and receive acknowledgement of correct understanding from the Transmission Coordinator before proceeding.

3.0

DESCRIPTION OF THE SCHEME The AUVLS scheme monitors a selected list of dynamic system conditions and will shed load until proper system voltages are achieved and VAR output is lowered. The scheme consists of two independent subsystems, one at Vancouver Island (VI) located at VIT (Vancouver Island Terminal substation) and one in the Lower Mainland (LM) located at MDN (Meridian substation), which can shed load in their respective areas, or shed on both areas for more severe system problems. Each subsystem monitors three key station bus voltages and the VIT SC or BGS units for VAR output, in % of the true capacity (Note 1, Section 3.2). A high % true capacity means that the VAR reserve is low, as the remaining VAR boost capacity of the group is low. If the bus voltage drops below a set level or if the % true capacity exceeds a set level, its sensor will key a continuous signal to either VIT or MDN. At VIT and MDN, the % true capacity is AND with different combinations of two bus voltages.

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Figure 1 is the logic diagram of the AUVLS scheme. If load shedding is initiated in only one subsystem, it will start after a time delay of 2.0 sec. (Ts2). If load shedding is simultaneously initiated in both subsystems, it will start after a shorter time delay of 1.0 sec. (Ts1). Load shedding will continue in incremental blocks until the initiating conditions have reset. The Ts1 timer is located at MDN. 3.1 Vancouver Island Subsystem The Vancouver Island AUVLS subsystem monitors: 1) Dynamic VAR sources: total VAR output of VIT S/Cs 1, 2, 3 and 4, in % of its "true capacity). 2) Bus voltages: DMR230, VIT230 and SAT230. Note: Low voltages at "SAT AND VIT" are not used to initiate automatic undervoltage load shedding because this condition can be caused by local disturbances.

3.2

Lower Mainland Subsystem The Lower Mainland AUVLS subsystem monitors: 1) Dynamic VAR source: total VAR output of BGS units 1 to 6, in % of its "true" capacity. 2) Bus voltages: ING230, MDN230 and HPN230. Notes: 1) "True" capacity is based on connected units with AVRs in service. Any unit with its AVR out of service does not contribute to "true" capacity. 2) The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), used to monitor the individual VAR reserve group, measures the "true" capacity of the S/C or generator unit automatically. 3) If the positive var capacity of a unit is restricted below its normal rating, CPC personnel will be notified to re-program new rating in the PLC.

3.3

Settings Subsystem VI AUVLS VI AUVLS VI AUVLS VI AUVLS LM AUVLS LM AUVLS LM AUVLS LM AUVLS Monitor Sensor VIT S/C total var output DMR230 kV VIT230 kV SAT230 kV BGS plant total var output MDN230 kV HPN230 kV ING230 kV Monitor Setting 50% true capacity 221 kV 223 kV 223 kV 75% true capacity 223 kV 221 kV 220 kV

4.0

ARMING CONDITIONS BC Hydros Transmission Coordinator is responsible to ARM and DISARM the AUVLS scheme when required. 4.1 BC Hydro Integrated System Load Greater Than 8000 MW 1) When the BCH NET LOAD > 8000 MW, the following alarm at the RTO Control Centre will recommend arming the LM and VI AUVLS schemes. This alarm annunciates to the Transmission Coordinator only. ARMING OF LM&VI AUVLS REQUIRED

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2) When the LM and VI AUVLS are armed and the BCH NET LOAD < 7800 MW the following alarm at the BC Hydro Control Centre will recommend disarming the LM and VI AUVLS schemes to the Transmission Coordinator: DISARMING OF AUVLS REQUIRED 4.2 When V.I. is Supplied by a Single 500 kV Circuit or Transformer Under these conditions, arming of the VI AUVLS is required: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5L29 or 5L31 is OOS and power is flowing to V.I. on the remaining circuit. 5L30 or 5L32 is OOS and power is flowing from CKY to MSA on the remaining circuit. 5L42 is OOS and power is flowing on 5L45 from MDN to CKY. 5L45 is OOS and power is flowing on 5L42 from KLY to CKY. DMR T1 or T2 is OOS.

Under these circumstances the BC Hydro Transmission Coordinator will arm the VI AUVLS scheme. System configuration is calculated by the AREVA Energy Management System and provides recommendations for arming and disarming with the following alarms to the Transmission Coordinator: ARMING OF VI AUVLS REQUIRED DISARMING OF VI AUVLS REQUIRED 4.3 When One 500 kV Circuit from KLY or NIC to the Lower Mainland is Out of Service Voltage stability problems may occur upon the loss of one or more 500 kV circuits from KLY or NIC to the Lower Mainland, 5L40, 5L41, 5L42, 5L45, 5L81, 5L82 or 5L87. When one of these seven circuits is out of service and the BCH load exceeds 5000 MW, arming of the LM and VI AUVLS schemes is required. Under these circumstances the BC Hydro Transmission Coordinator will arm the LM and VI AUVLS schemes. System configuration is calculated by the AREVA Energy Management System and provides recommendations for arming and disarming with the following alarms to the Transmission Coordinator: SI-LM 500kV CCT OUTAGE: ARMING LM&VI AUVLS REQUIRED DISARMING OF VI AUVLS REQUIRED DISARMING OF LM AUVLS REQUIRED

5.0

DISABLING THE SCHEME To prevent possible over-shedding of load, the scheme should be disabled or not turned ON for the following conditions: 1) The LM sub-system should be disabled if less than two BGS equivalent S/C units with true capacity are on-line. 2) The LM sub-system should be disabled if only two BGS units are in service and both units have load drop compensation for voltage regulation.

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3) The VI sub-system should be disabled if the true capacity for VIT S/C is less than 200 MVAR. Please note, in principle and as a rule, during heavy loading periods, all the units at BGS and VIT should be available to provide the maximum dynamic VAR capability. BC Hydro FVO/SIO will initiate a Reliability Must Run (RMR) Restriction for the required number of on-line equivalent BGS S/C units for specific system loadings expected during the peak loading season (i.e. November March each year).

6.0

VI AUVLS FAILURE 6.1 Detecting VI AUVLS Failure When the VI AUVLS is degraded or has failed, one or more corresponding alarm(s) will notify the BC Hydro Transmission Coordinator and Sector 2 Grid Operator. VIC-LS VIC-LS VIC-LS VIC-LS LOADSHED PLC BAT FAIL LOADSHED PLC CPU FAIL LOADSHED IO FAIL LOADSHED PLC LAN FAIL

These failure conditions are also flagged on the System Reactive Display, under the VI AUVLS arming status. The Transmission Coordinator will advise the Sector 2 Grid Operator: 1. 2. 3. to confirm the failure, and initiate follow-up with BCH Field Operations to be prepared to perform manually load shedding when to initiate manual load shedding

6.2 The BC Hydro Transmission Coordinator Directs the Sector 2 Grid Operator to Shed Load The Transmission Coordinator will use their discretion to determine when it may be necessary to manually shed blocks of load to prevent voltage collapse. The Transmission Coordinator will refer to the settings values indicated in Section 3.3 when the AUVLS system has failed and system conditions are such that voltage collapse is an imminent risk. At the first indication that load shedding is required, The Transmission Coordinator will direct the Sector 2 Grid Operator to manually shed AUVLS Block 1, approximately 115 MW at peak load. The Sector 2 Grid Operator will manually open circuit breakers associated with AUVLS Block 1. If additional load shedding is deemed to be required, The Transmission Coordinator will direct the Sector 2 Grid Operator to manually shed AUVLS Block 2, approximately 462 MW at peak load. The Sector 2 Grid Operator will manually open circuit breakers associated with AUVLS Block 2. If additional load shedding is still warranted following the shedding of Blocks 1 and 2, The Transmission Coordinator will direct the Sector 2 Grid Operator to manually shed the last block, AUVLS Block 3, approximately 352 MW at peak load. The Sector 2 Grid Operator will manually open circuit breakers associated with AUVLS Block 3.

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6.3 The BC Hydro Transmission Coordinator Coordinates Load Restoration After load shedding, The Transmission Coordinator will advise the Sector 2 Grid Operator when to restore the load.

7.0

LM AUVLS FAILURE 7.1 Detecting LM AUVLS Failure When the LM AUVLS is degraded or has failed, one or more corresponding alarm(s) will notify the BC Hydro Transmission Coordinator and Sector 3 Grid Operator. LMAULS PLC COMM FAIL LMAULS PLC CPU STOPPED LMAULS PLC I/O FAIL LMAULS BATT LOW These failure conditions are also flagged on the System Reactive Display, under the LM AUVLS arming status. The Transmission Coordinator will advise the Sector 3 Grid Operator: 1. 2. 3. 7.2 to confirm the failure, and initiate follow-up with BCH Field Operations to be prepared to perform manually load shedding when to initiate manual load shedding

The Transmission Coordinator Directs the Sector 3 Grid Operator to Shed Load The Transmission Coordinator will use their discretion to determine when it may be necessary to manually shed blocks of load to prevent voltage collapse. The Transmission Coordinator will refer to the settings values indicated in Section 3.3 when the AUVLS system has failed and system conditions are such that voltage collapse is an imminent risk. At the first indication that load shedding is required, the Transmission Coordinator will direct the Sector 3 Grid Operator to manually shed AUVLS Blocks 1 and 2, approximately 310 MW at peak load. The Sector 3 Grid Operator will manually open circuit breakers associated with AUVLS Block 1 and 2. If system conditions indicate that further load shedding is required, the Transmission Coordinator will direct the Sector 3 Grid Operator to manually shed the remaining blocks, AUVLS Blocks 3, 4, and 5, approximately 356 MW at peak load. The Sector 3 Grid Operator will manually open circuit breakers associated with AUVLS Block 3, 4 and 5.

7.3

The Transmission Coordinator Coordinates Load Restoration After load shedding, the Transmission Coordinator will advise the Sector 3 Grid Operator when to restore the load.

8.0

AUVLS OPERATION AND ANALYSIS (PRC 022-1) The BC Hydro Real Time Operations General Manager is responsible to analyze or have analyzed and document all AUVLS operations and misoperations.

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The analysis shall include: A description of the event including initiating conditions. A review of the AUVLS set points and tripping times. A simulation of the event, if deemed appropriate by the Regional Reliability Organization. For most events, analysis of sequence of events may be sufficient and dynamic simulations may not be needed. A summary of the findings. For any Misoperation, a Corrective Action Plan to avoid future misoperations of a similar nature.

The BC Hydro General Manager, Real Time Operations is responsible to provide documentation of its analysis of UVLS program performance to its Regional Reliability Organization within 90 calendar days of a request. Data Retention The BC Hydro General Manager, Real Time Operations shall retain documentation of its analyses of AUVLS operations and Mis-operations for two years. The Compliance Monitor shall retain any audit data for three years. Refer to NERC Standard PRC 022-1 for further details.

9.0

TIME DELAY TO TRIP SIGNAL (Reference: Figure 1): (PRC 021-1) This time delay is made up of different parts: Time delay from station sensor (voltage or var) to AUVLS PLC. This is 8 seconds from each of the sensors, and is documented in station protection settings sheets. These delays are shown as DELTA T on Figure 1. Time delay in the load shed controllers. There are two load shedding controllers (AUVLS PLCs), one for VI (physically at Vancouver Island Terminal) and one for LM (physically at Meridian substation). Additional timers exist in these controllers. There is a time delay from receipt of signal from sufficient sources to initiate load shedding. This is shown as Ts on Figure 1. This is fixed at 2 seconds to first stage load shedding for individual load shedding scheme. Then there are additional timers Ts1, Ts2, and TL2 TL15. o o Setting for additional load shedding stages TL2 to TL14 = 2 seconds Setting for TL15 = 6 seconds (delay between block 15 and block 1)

Note: If both VI and LM AUVLS are initiated from signals from external sources at the same time, then the time delay on the LM load shed controller (Ts1 on Figure 1) is only one second (instead of two) for shedding the first stage. Subsequent stages are still at 2 second intervals.

10.0

CIRCUIT BREAKER OPERATING TIMES (PRC 021-1) Operation times are variable depending on equipment capabilities and communications factors. In all cases, the operating time is negligible when compared with the delays built into the AUVLS PLCs. In all cases circuit breakers operate in less than 1 second, and in most cases the operating time is less than 0.3 seconds.

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11.0

REVISION HISTORY Revised by Randy Pascoe Rod Byrnell Revision Date 07 Feb 2008 29 May 2008 Summary of Revision Added section 7.0 to reflect NERC standards PRC 022-1 regarding AUVLS operation and analysis. Updated to reflect RTO structure and not arming UVLS when BGS or VIT synchronous condensers are not available. Updated to reflect changes in RTVSA and AREVA EMS. Major revision. Updated for NERC compliance and changes to EMS. BCTC changed to BC Hydro. Annual Review Performed Updated for EFM shutdown.

Asher Steed AMS CAP MPP MPP/HQ

15 Dec 2008 18 Dec 2009 08 September 2010 22 September 2011 19 December 2011

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FIGURE 1 -

AUTOMATIC UNDERVOLTAGE LOAD SHEDDING FUNCTIONAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

VI BLK 1

DMR 230 VOLT

AND

N.C.

VIT

TS2 time delay = 2 second SAT 230 VOLT

TL2

AND

N.C. OR

TS2

OR ON/OFF TL3 3

VIT 230 VOLT

N.O.

AND

TL4

VIT S/Cs VAR

TL15 TO VI PATCH PANEL VANCOUVER ISLAND SUB-SYSTEM

15

T delay = 8 seconds
AND

TS1 time delay = 1 second TS1

MDN 230 VOLT

AND

N.C.

MDN

LM BLK 1

TL2 HPN 230 VOLT

AND

N.C.

OR

TS2 TS2 time delay = 2 second

OR ON/OFF TL3 3

ING 230 VOLT

AND

N.C.

TL4

TL10

10

BUT S/CS VAR

TO LM PATCH PANEL LOWER MAINLAND SUB-SYSTEM

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Table 1 - Vancouver Island Load Shedding - Sub-Block or Block Allocation Customer and Substation Names CFT-A PAL MILL-A GTP-A NFD CLD PVO HSY-A GTP-B GOW-A&C GOW-B PAL-B HSY-B&C ESQ-A Load Description MW Load Automatic Shedding Sub-Block Number 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 Manual Shedding Block Number 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

6 Grinders (trip CBs) Refiner Lines 25 kV feeders (40 series) All feeders except one (25F54:hospital) 25 kV feeders 25 kV feeders except 25F51 (Note 2) 12 kV feeders (60, 300, 400 series & 12 kV capacitors 25 kV feeders (50, 60 series) 25 kV feeders (50 series) 60L83/87 Sidney Sub (25 kV feeders) 25 kV feeders (all) 12 and 25 kV feeders (50,70,80 series) 12 kV feeders Total

25 30 60 57 113 49 96 111 36 68 71 120 93 929

Automatic shedding: Sub-Block 1 total = Sub-Block 2 total = Sub-Block 3 total = Sub-Block 4 total = Sub-Block 5 total = Sub-Block 6 total = Sub-Block 7 total = Manual shedding: Block 1 total = Block 2 total = Block 3 total =

115MW 219 MW 96 MW 147 MW 139 MW 120 MW 93 MW

115 MW 462 MW 352 MW

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Table 2 - Lower Mainland Load Shedding Block Allocation Customer and Substation Names POW STV-1 STV-2 SYH-1 CAM-2 COK-1 CAM-1 COK-2 SYH-2 HSP Load Description MW Load (Note 2) 130 85 25 70 27 88 82 84 25 50 665 Automatic Shedding Block Number 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 Manual Shedding Block Number 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

1L48 (Note 1) (1 CB1/2) 25B61 & 25B62 (25CB21/31) 25B51 & 25B52 (25CB22/32) 25B14 & 25B34 (25CB11/13) 25B45 & 25B65 (25CB12/14) 25B81 & 25B82 (25CB34/44) 25B44 & 25B64 (25CB11/13) 25B71 & 25B72 (25CB32/42) 25B45 & 25B65 (25CB12/14) Feed guard load Total

Notes: 1. Presently POW will be tripped at MSA by opening BC Hydro CBs. 2. LM substation loads are based on T&Ds Maximum Demand Readings for 4 December 1997. 3. Automatic shedding: Block 1 total = 215 MW Block 2 total = 95 MW Block 3 total = 115 MW Block 4 total = 166 MW Block 5 total = 75 MW 4. Manual shedding: Blocks 1 and 2 total = 310 MW Blocks 3, 4 and 5 total = 356 MW

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Figure 2 Diagram of How % True Capacity is Calculated

MVAR

Operating Point

a MW

%true _ capacity

1 n ai n i 1 bi

n - number of units in plant

Notes: 1) The true capacity is calculated for BGS and VIT plants based on the above diagram. 2) A unit with its AVR out of service does not contribute to "% true capacity, i.e. that unit is not included in n to calculate % true capacity. 3) When a unit is absorbing Mvars, its % true capacity is set to 0, i.e. a is 0 for that unit.