Problems: 15-CQ9, 15-2, 15-14, 15-19, 15-36, 15-42, 15-44, 15-51, 15-60, 15-63

Chapter 15, problem 11 (|| 2): In Fig. 15-29, two

identical springs of spring constant 7580 N/m are
attached to a block of mass 0.245 kg. What is the
frequency of oscillation on the frictionless floor?

Write newtons law, and insert the ansatz ( ) cos( )
m
x x t x t e | = = + ; this is a differential equation,

2
2 2
1 2 1 2 2
( ) 2 ( ) (2 ) ;
1 2 1 2(7580 N/m)
= = 39.6 Hz ;
2 2 2 0.245 kg
d x
F F F kx kx kx k x kx m mx m x m f x
dt
k
f
m
e t
e
t t t
= = = + = = = = =
= =

(1.1)


Chapter 15, problem 9 (|| 14): The function
1
3
6.0cos(3 ) x t t = + gives the simple harmonic motion of a body.
At t = 2.0 s, what are the (a) displacement, (b) velocity, (c) acceleration, and (d) phase of the motion? Also,
what are the (e) frequency and (f ) period of the motion? (a) Making sure our calculator is in radians mode, we
find
= 6.0 3 2.0 +
3
= 3.0 . x cos m t
t
b g
F
H
G
I
K
J


(b) Differentiating with respect to time and evaluating at t = 2.0 s, we find
= = 3 6.0 3 2.0 +
3
= 49 . v
dx
dt

F
H
G
I
K
J
t
t
b g b g sin m/ s t

(c) Differentiating again, we obtain
= = 3 6.0 3 2.0 +
3
= 2.7 10 .
2
2 2
a
dv
dt

F
H
G
I
K
J
t t
t
bgb g b g cos m/ s

(d) In the second paragraph after Eq. 15-3, the textbook defines the phase of the motion,

1
0 3
( ) (3 (2.0) ) rad 20 rad t t | | e | t t = = + = + = (1.2)

(e) Comparing with Eq. 15-3, we see that e = 3t rad/s. Therefore, f = e/2t = 1.5 Hz.

(f) The period is the reciprocal of the frequency: T = 1/f ~ 0.67 s.


Chapter 15, problem 18 (|| 19): At a certain harbor, the tides cause the ocean surface to rise and fall a
distance d (from highest level to lowest level) in simple harmonic motion, with a period of 12.5 h. How long
does it take for the water to fall a distance 0.250d from its highest level? We need to translate the problem-
givens into the parameters of
0
( ) cos( )
m
x t x t e | = + , as,

0
0 1 1 2
; 2 2 0.503 ; 0;
2 2 2 12.5
high low
m
x x
d rad
x d f
T hr hr
t
e t t |

= = = = = = = = (1.3)

We seek t when the ocean surface is at x x d
m
= =
1
2
1
4
. With cos( )
m
x x t e | = + , we obtain
( )
1
1 1 1 1 1
cos 0.503 0 cos(0.503 ) cos 2.08 ;
4 2 2 0.503 2
rad
hr
rad
d d t t t hr
hr

| |
= + = = =
|
\ .
(1.4)

Chapter 15, problem 35 (|| 36): A 10 g particle undergoes SHM with an amplitude of 2.0 mm, a maximum
acceleration of magnitude
2
3
max
8.0 10
m
s
a = , and an unknown phase constant| . What are (a) the period of the
motion, (b) the maximum speed of the particle, and (c) the total mechanical energy of the oscillator? What is
the magnitude of the force on the particle when the particle is at (d) its maximum displacement and (e) half its
maximum displacement? (a) The SHM implies ( ) cos( )
m
x x t x t e | = = + , as usual. This means,

2
2
2 2
0 0 2
3
3
( )
( ) ( ) cos( ) cos( );
8.0 10
2000 ;
2.0 10
m m m m
m
m s
m
d x t
a t x t x x t a t a x
dt
a rad
x m s
e e | e | e
e

= = = = + = + =

= = =

(1.5)

(b) max speed can you derive it yourself?

3
0 0
( )
( ) sin( ) sin( ) 2000 2.0 10 4.0
m m m m
dx t rad m
v t x t v t v x m
dt d s
e e | e | e

= = + = + = = = (1.6)

(c) total energy: check this out,

( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
0 0 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) sin( ) cos( )
sin cos sin cos 1 ;
m m
m m m m m m m
E K U mv t kx t m x t k x t
m x kx m x m x m x mv kx
e e | e |
e e e e
= + = + = + + +
= + = + = = = =
(1.7)

(c) The total energy is
1
2
2
1
2
2
0 080 kx mv
m m
= = . J.

(d) At the maximum displacement, the force acting on the particle is

4 3
(4.0 10 N/m)(2.0 10 m) 80 N ;
m m m
F kx ma

= = = =

(e) At half of the maximum displacement, 1.0 mm x = , and the force is
4 3
1
2
(4.0 10 N/m)(1.0 10 m) 40 N;
m
F kx k x

= = = =

Chapter 15, problem 41 (|| 42): In Fig. 15-40, the
pendulum consists of a uniform disk with radius r =
10.0 cm and mass 500 g attached to a uniform rod
with length L = 500 mm and mass 270 g. (a)
Calculate the rotational inertia of the pendulum
about the pivot point. (b) What is the distance
between the pivot point and the center of mass of
the pendulum? (c) Calculate the period of
oscillation.


(a) using
2
1
2 disk
I Mr = ,
2
1
3 rod
I mL = , and the parallel axis theorem for h r L = + ,
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1
( )
2 3
1 1
(0.500 kg)(0.100 m) (0.500 kg)(0.500 m 0.100 m) (0.270 kg)(0.500 m) 0.205 kg m ;
2 3
disk rod
I I I Mh Mr mL M L r = + + = + + +
= + + + =
(1.8)

(b) We put the origin at the pivot. The center of mass of the rod is
r
L = = = / ( . ) / . 2 0 500 2 0 250 m m away, on
the same line. The distance from the pivot point to the center of mass of the diskrod system is

( )( ) ( )( )
( )
0
0.500 0.500 m+0.100 m 0.270 0.250
0.477 ;
0.500 0.270
i i
d r r
CM P CM
i
x m
M m M L r m
d x x x
m M m M m
kg kg m
m
kg kg
+ + +
= = = = =
+ +
+
= =
+

(c) The period of oscillation is
2
( )
2
0.205 kg m
2 2 2 2 1.50 s .
( ) (0.500 kg 0.270 kg)(9.80 m/ s )(0.447 m)
I
M m d
I
T
g g M m gd
t t t t
+

= = = = =
+ +


Chapter 15, problem 43 (|| 44): (a) If the physical
pendulum of Fig. 15-11 and the associated sample
problem is inverted and suspended at point P, what
is its period of oscillation? (b) Is the period now
greater than, less than, or equal to its previous
value?


(a) Referring to Sample Problem Physical pendulum, period and length, we see that the distance between P
and C is h L L L = =
2
3
1
2
1
6
. The parallel axis theorem (see Eq. 1530) leads to

2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 / 9 2
= + = + = 2 2 2 1.64 ;
12 12 36 9 / 6 3
I L L
I mL mh mL mL T s
mgh gL g
t t t
| |
= = = =
|
\ .
(1.9)


(b) We note that this T is identical to that computed in Sample Problem Physical pendulum, period and
length. As far as the characteristics of the periodic motion are concerned, the center of oscillation provides a
pivot that is equivalent to that chosen in the Sample Problem (pivot at the edge of the stick).



Chapter 15, problem 48 (|| 51): A rectangular
block, with face lengths a = 35 cm and b = 45 cm,
is to be suspended on a thin horizontal rod running
through a narrow hole in the block. The block is
then to be set swinging about the rod like a
pendulum, through small angles so that it is in
SHM. Figure 15-43 shows one possible position of
the hole, at distance r from the blocks center, along
a line connecting the center with a corner. (a) Plot
the period of the pendulum versus distance r along
that line such that the minimum in the curve is
apparent. (b) For what value of r does that
minimum occur? There is actually a line of points
around the blocks center for which the period of
swinging has the same minimum value. (c) What
shape does that line make?


(a) For the physical pendulum we have,

2 2 2
com
2
2 2 ( );
12
I mh I a b
T T r T r
mgh mgh r g
t
t t
+ +
= = = = + = (1.10)

In the figure below, we plot T as a function of r, for a = 0.35 m and b = 0.45 m.


(b) The minimum of T can be located by setting its derivative to zero, / 0 dT dr = . This yields

2 2 2 2
(0.35 m) (0.45 m)
0.16 m.
12 12
a b
r
+ +
= = =

(c) The direction from the center does not matter, so the locus of points is a circle around the center, of radius
[(a
2
+ b
2
)/12]
1/2
.

Chapter 15, problem 58 (|| 60): In a damped oscillator with m = 250 g,k = 85 N/m, and b = 70 g/s, what is the
ratio of the amplitude of the damped oscillations to the initial amplitude at the end of 20 cycles?


2
2
0 2
0; ( ) cos( )
b
m
t
damp spring m
d x dx
F m F F b kx mx bx kx x t x e t
dt dt
e |

' = = + = + + = = +

(1.11)

In (1.11), we have
2
2
4
k b
m
m
e' = . Referring to the numbers in Sample Problem Damped harmonic oscillator,
time to decay, energy, we have m = 0.25 kg, b = 0.070 kg/s, and T = 0.34 s. Thus, when t = 20T, the damping
factor becomes
e e
bt m
= =
2 0 070 20 0 34 2 0 25
039
. . / .
. .
b gbgb gb g



Chapter 15, problem 61 (|| nothing): For Eq. 15-45, suppose the amplitude x
m
is given by
2 2 2 2 2 2
( )
m
d d
F
m
m b
x
e e e +
=
where Fm is the (constant) amplitude of the external oscillating force exerted on the spring by the rigid support
in Fig. 15-14. At resonance, what are the (a) amplitude and (b) velocity amplitude of the oscillating object?

(a) We set e = e
d
and find that the given expression reduces to x
m
= F
m
/be at resonance.

(b) In the discussion immediately after Eq. 15-6, the book introduces the velocity amplitude v
m
= ex
m
. Thus, at
resonance, we have v
m
= eF
m
/be = F
m
/b.