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2 x 1000 MT LPG Storage Mounded Vessels at

Haldia For PHDPL LPG Pipeline System,

DOCUMENT TITLE

: EARTHING SPECIFICATION

DOC. NO.

: IOCL-SJ204-E-DOC-4005

REV.

:0

ISSUED FOR

: INFORMATION APPROVAL CONSTRUCTION REVIEW

01-11-13

REV REV DATE


ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

ISSUED FOR APPROVAL


EFF DATE

PURPOSE

PREPARED BY REVIEWED BY APPROVED BY

DOCUMENT NO :
EARTHING
SPECIFICATION

REVISION

Page 2 of 11

INDEX

1.0INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................2
2.0ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................................3
3.0CODES AND STANDARDS.......................................................................................................3
4.0POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS.........................................................................................3
5.0SITE CONDITIONS....................................................................................................................3
6.0PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION..........................................................................................4
7.0QUALITY ASSURANCE...........................................................................................................10
8.0INSPECTION AND TESTS:......................................................................................................10
9.0REFERENCE DOCUMENTS...................................................................................................11
10.0NOTES....................................................................................................................................11

1.0

INTRODUCTION
This specification covers the minimum technical requirements governing the design,
manufacture, supply, testing, inspection, preparation for shipment & storage, and delivery of
Earthing material & accessories to site with applicable standards, to be installed in 2 X 1000
MT mounded LPG storage project.

DOCUMENT NO :
EARTHING
SPECIFICATION

REVISION

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2.0

3.0

ABBREVIATIONS
GI

Galvanized Iron

SWG

Solid Wire Guage

CODES AND STANDARDS


Unless otherwise specified in this specification, all components and equipment shall be based
on the following standard:
IS

Indian Standard

IEC

International Electro technical Commission

IEEE

Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

IS 3043

Code of practice for earthing

IS 2629

Recommended practice for hot-dip galvanizing of iron and steel

IS 3975

Galvanized round steel wire

IS 732

Electrical wiring installation

IEEE 142

Recommended practice for grounding of industrial and commercial


power system

In the event of conflict between codes and standards being used, the most stringent one shall
be followed. Where Indian Standards do not exist or equipment is supplied by foreign
manufacturer, relevant international standards shall be applicable.

4.0

POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS


ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
Supply voltage (LV)

415V ( 10%)

Frequency

50Hz ( 3%)

Fault level

10kA for 1secs.

System neutral earthing at

Solidly earthed

supply end

5.0

SITE CONDITIONS
Electrical equipment and material shall be designed and fabricated for use under the following
Site conditions.
Maximum Ambient Temperature

43.9 C

Minimum Ambient Temperature

6.7 C

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EARTHING
SPECIFICATION

REVISION

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6.0

Relative humidity (Maximum)

96%

Relative humidity (Minimum)

33%

Design Atmospheric Pressure

1000 mbara

PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION

6.1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
a) All materials and associated accessories shall be new, unused and of best quality and
shall conform to the relevant IS/international standards.
b) The object of an earthing system is to provide as nearly as possible a surface under and
around a station which shall be at a uniform potential and as nearly zero or absolute earth
potential as possible.
c) The purpose is to ensure that, all parts of apparatus other than live parts, shall be at earth
potential, as well as to ensure that operators and attendants shall be at earth potential at
all times.
d) The earthing materials and associated accessories used shall be suitable for installation in
locations having generally corrosive, warm and humid or dusty atmosphere.
e) The earthing system shall consist of G.I pipe electrodes; G.I earthing strips of sizes
calculated in earthing calculations shall combine in a common loop to interconnect all earth
rods.
f)

All medium voltage equipment shall be earthed by two separate and distinct connections to
earth grid.

g) As far as possible, all earth connections shall be visible for inspection.


h) When dissimilar metals form part of an electric circuit the joints should be clean and
assembled free of moisture and then immediately sealed with a suitable medium against
the ingress of moisture.
i)

The earthing conductor must withstand the full ground fault current in both magnitude and
direction, without excessive raise of temperature or causing the expulsion of arcs and
sparks that could initiate a fire or explosion. The total impedance of the fault clearing circuit
shall be such that it can cause the operation of the protective system during fault.

DOCUMENT NO :
EARTHING
SPECIFICATION

REVISION

Page 5 of 11
j)

No addition to the current carrying system shall be made such that it will increase the
maximum available earth fault current or its duration until it has been ascertained that the
existing arrangement of earth electrodes earth bus-bar etc, are capable of carrying the
new value of earth fault current which may be obtained by this addition.

6.2
6.2.1

EARTHING INSTALLATION
Earthing Network
a) Earthing conductors in the plant shall be laid in the form of a grid.
b) The main earthing conductor will be run in between standard earth electrodes conforming
to specifications and distributed uniformly around the working area. All the non-current
carrying metal parts of the equipments, switchboards, etc, will be solidly connected to this
earth grid or equi-potential bonding conductor by duplicate earth connections of adequate
size.
c) The connection between the metal part to be grounded and the grounding conductor shall
be made secure mechanically and electrically by using adequate metallic fitting.
d) The grounding conductors shall be sufficiently strong and thick and the portions of
conductor which are likely to be corroded or damaged shall be well protected.
e) Grounding conductors which shall not reach a hazardous high temperature due to the
anticipated maximum earth fault current shall be used.
f)

All exposed and extraneous conductive parts in Zone 1 and Zone 2 areas shall be
connected to the main or supplementary equipotential bonding system in order to avoid
dangerous sparking between metallic parts of structures.

g) The bonding system shall include normal protective conductors, conduits, metal cable
sheaths, steel wire armouring and metallic parts of structures but shall not include neutral
conductors.
h) Enclosures are not to be separately connected to the equipotential bonding system if they
are secured to and are in metallic contact with structural parts or piping which are
connected to the equipotential bonding system.

DOCUMENT NO :
EARTHING
SPECIFICATION

REVISION

Page 6 of 11
i)

The earthing grid required for mounded bullet shall be connected to main earth grid/mat.
The earthing consists of earth conductor forming a closed ring network with required
number of earth electrodes connected to it to provide a common earth for all electrical
devices and metallic structures. From each earth electrode two distinct connections shall
be made to the main earthing conductor. The earth plates shall be used for taking multiple
earth connections to two or more equipment.

j)

The earth conductor shall run along one of the cable trays/cable trench/pipe racks and
shall be firmly cleat to the side wall of concrete trenches or structures using GI clamps at
an interval of 400mm to 500mm and near to the termination end. The earthing conductor
shall run along one of the cable trays along a cable route. The earthing for equipment shall
be tapped from the main earth conductor and not from cable tray support structure. Earth
conductor when laid underground shall be at a depth of 600mm below finished grade level.

k) The distribution boards shall be provided with continuous earth bus bar complete with 2
terminals for connecting the earth bus bar to the system earthing grid. Separate earth bus
bar shall be provided throughout inside the panel & shall be brought out at ends.
l)

All utility and process pipelines shall be bonded to a common conductor by means of earth
bars or pipe clamps and connected to the earthing system at a point where the pipelines
enter or leave the hazardous area.

m) Steel pipe racks in the process units and off-site area shall be earthed at every 24 meters.
n) Equipment/street light pole which is remote to main earth network may be earthed by
means of individual earth electrode and earth conductor.
o) Plant instrument system clean earthing shall be separate from the electrical earthing
system.
p) All paint, scale and enamel shall be removed from the contact surface before the earthing
connections are made.
q) All earthing connections for equipment earthing shall be preferably from the earth plate
mounted above ground wherever provided.

DOCUMENT NO :
EARTHING
SPECIFICATION

REVISION

Page 7 of 11
r) Equipment foundation bolts shall not be used for earthing connection.
6.3

CONDUCTOR TYPE & SIZES FOR GROUND CONNECTIONS:


a) The following earthing conductor shall be used for the earthing system.
Conductor above ground level, cable trenches

- GI Earth Strip

and along cable trays


Conductors buried in earth and concrete

- GI Earth Strip

Conductor sizes for outdoor structure, plant

- As per design basis

equipments and earth pit details


b) The galvanizing of the earthing material shall be done as per IS 2629. Earth electrodes
shall have disconnecting facility. The rate shall be inclusive of excavation, Earth Electrodes
fixing, backfilling, construction of earth pit chamber and earth pit cover etc.
c) Typical size of earthing conductors shall be as follows, where the size of the conductor
shall be confirmed after earthing design calculation :

6.4

Motor up to 3.7KW

: Number 8 SWG solid wire

Motors 5.5KW to 30KW welding receptacles

: 10mm (3/8") dia wire rope

Storage tank (Vertical & Horizontal)

: 50mm x 6 mm G.I strip

Distribution Boards

: 50mm x 6 mm G.I strip

Lighting & Power Panels

: 10mm (3/8") dia, wire rope

Main Earth Bus

: As per the earthing calculation

Push Button Stations

: Number 8 SWG

EARTH ELECTRODES
a) The earth electrodes are provided to dissipate the fault current in case of earth faults and
to maintain the earth resistance to a reasonable value so as to avoid rise of potential of the
earthing grid.
b) The number of earth electrodes required for a particular installation will be basically
decided by the optimum value of the earth resistance which is required to make the
earthing system effective.

DOCUMENT NO :
EARTHING
SPECIFICATION

REVISION

Page 8 of 11
c) An earth electrode shall be designed to have a loading capacity adequate for the system
of which it forms a part, i.e. it should be capable of dissipating without failure the energy in
the earth path at the point at which it is installed under any condition of operation on the
system.
d) An earth electrode shall be suitably connected to cathodically protected structures,
especially where the coating or wrapping tends to electrically insulate the structure from
ground.
6.4.1

Installation:
a) Earth electrodes shall be installed as per the installation standard and drawings.
b) Earth Electrodes shall be located avoiding interference with roads, buildings foundations,
columns, pipelines etc. The distance between two electrodes shall not be less than twice of
the depth of the electrode.
c) All connections shall be carefully made. If they are poorly made or inadequate for the
purpose for which they are intended, loss of life or serious personal injury may result.
d) The electrodes shall have a clean surface not covered by paint, enamel, grease or other
materials of poor conductivity.
e) All earthing system shall be made such that the testing of individual electrode is possible.
All earth electrodes shall be tested for earth resistance by means of standard earth test
meter. The tests shall take place in a dry month, preferably after a protracted dry spell.
f) The disconnect facility shall be provided to the individual earth electrode to check its earth
resistance periodically.
g) Location of earth electrodes shall be marked by permanent markers for easy identification
with serial number.

6.5

CONNECTIONS:

DOCUMENT NO :
EARTHING
SPECIFICATION

REVISION

Page 9 of 11
a) All joints and tappings in the main earth loop shall be made in such a way that reliable and
good electrical connections are permanently ensured. In all cases, the connections have to
be mechanically strong.
b) All joints below grade shall be welded and shall be suitably protected by two coats of
bitumen and covering with hessian tape.
c) Earth strip laid above ground shall be welded across straight through joints and joints shall
be suitably protected by giving two coats of bitumen to avoid oxidation and insulation film
formation of the strip surface.
d) The connection of the earthing conductor to the earth electrode shall be soundly made by
the use of soldered joints or substantial clamps of non-ferrous material. Where a clamp is
used, it shall not damage the electrode or the earthing conductor.
e) All crossings of conductors in the main earth grid should be jointed. Non-conductor strip
should be drilled for a bolt having a diameter greater than one-third of the width of the
strip. If this diameter will be exceeded, then a wider flag should be jointed to the strip.
f)

When two earth strips are to be jointed by means of welding, lap welding with an
overlapping of strip equivalent to double the width of the strip and all four sides shall be
continuously welded.

g) Earthing conductor connections to equipment should, as far as practicable, be made onto


vertical surfaces only. In the case of painted metal, the paint should be carefully removed.
Earthing conductors should be tinned where connected to galvanized steelwork. No
connection point should be less than 150 mm above ground level. In any position, subject
to corrosion, the finished joint should be protected by bitumen paint.
h) Means shall be provided in an accessible position for disconnecting the earthing
conductor. Such means may conveniently be combined with the earthing terminal or bar to
permit measurement of the resistance of the earthing arrangements this joint shall be disconnectable only by means of a tool, mechanically strong and ensure the maintenance of
electrical continuity.
6.6

FIXING CONDUCTOR:

DOCUMENT NO :
EARTHING
SPECIFICATION

REVISION

Page 10 of 11
As per IS 3043 in fixing aluminium conductors to structures, insulated elips should be used to
avoid drilling and prevent electrolytic action. Galvanized clips should not be used. Fixing
should be spaced not more than 1 m apart.

7.0

QUALITY ASSURANCE
a) The Vendor shall comply with ISO 9001:2008 Quality Assurance System or may be
appropriate to the type of contract and his product.
b) If the Vendor elects to sub-contract part of the work he shall ensure that only those
subcontractors or suppliers are used who can demonstrate that they operate Quality
Systems based on ISO 9001 or ISO 9002 as applicable. The vendor shall give his subcontractors or suppliers assistance in attaining the required standard, if necessary. This
shall not relieve the vendor of his responsibility for the quality of the finished work. Owner
reserves the right to audit the Vendors Quality System.
c) The Vendor shall submit a Quality Assurance Plan for review within 3 weeks from the
date of Purchase Order.

8.0

INSPECTION AND TESTS:


Earthing systems/connections shall be checked and tested as follows
a) Resistance of the individual earth electrodes shall be measured after disconnecting it from
the grid by using standard earth test meter.
b) Earthing resistance of the earth grid shall be measured after connecting all the earth
electrodes to the grid. The resistance value of an earth grid to the general mass of the
earth shall not be in excess of 1 ohm after connection with the main earth grid.
c) The resistance of earth shall be measured typically at the following points.

At each electrical system earth of system neutral earth.

At one point on earthing system used to earth electrical equipment enclosures.

At one point on fence enclosing electrical equipment.

d) It is recommended that periodical check tests of all earth electrodes should be carried out.
Records should be maintained of such checks.

DOCUMENT NO :
EARTHING
SPECIFICATION

REVISION

Page 11 of 11
e) Where earth- leakage circuit breakers are employed, a check shall be kept on the
associated earth-electrode by periodically operating the testing device which is embodied
in the earthed- leakage circuit-breaker.
f)

The neighbouring soil to the earth electrode shall be kept moist, where necessary, by
periodically pouring water through a pipe where fitted along with it or pouring water in the
immediate vicinity of the earth electrode.

g) Where installations are earthed to a metal sheath of the supply cable, it shall be verified
periodically that the earth-fault loop is in a satisfactory state.
h) Each earth system shall be so devised that the testing of individual earth electrode is
possible. It is recommended that the value of an earth system resistance shall be such as
to conform to the shock protection required.

9.0

REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
MMPL Doc.No:297440-003-DBS-4001-Rev_C

: Electrical Design Basis

MMPL Doc.No:297440-003-DBS-4005-Rev_B

: Specification for Electrical Equipment


and Accessories

MMPL Doc.No:297440-003-DBS-4006-Rev_B

: Specification for Electrical Design &


Cathodic Protection System Installation,
Testing and Commissioning

10.0

NOTES
a) The sizing of earth conductors shall be calculated as per the soil resistivity report.
b) The earthing calculations shall be suitably revised after the soil resistivity report is
provided for calculation of the same.

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