MARKING SCHEME PHYSICS PAPER 2 - MIDTERM 2013

No
1

Answer

Marks

Maximum

90 100
360
= 25 ms 1

=3000 25

=75000 kgms

2
a

Principle of conservation of momentum

Streamline body / garis strim (arus)

Collision of car // firing a gun

a (i)

The force less than (maximum) friction // Force less than 5 N // Its equal to the surface friction

a (ii)

Fnet = F - Ffriction = 5 5 = 0 N

a (iii)

5N

P Ffriction = ma
P = 2.5 (2) + 5
P = 10 N

Impulsive force

The hard surface of the wooden block causes a short impact time and hence a high impulsive force that cracks the egg

Momentum = mv
= 0.05 kg X 5
= 0.25 kg ms-1
Replace the wooden block with a thick sponge // Wrap the egg with soft material to prevent the egg from cracking

1
1
1

change of momentum

b
c (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

The distance of ball OP more than the distance of ball OQ

Impulsive force
time of impact between the foot and the ball in Diagram 5.1 (a) less than 5.1 (b)
The shorter the time, the larger the impulsive force/ vice versa
Inflate the ball/ pump air into the ball
To increase the time impact
So it will decrease the impulsive force

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

d
6

1
1

a (i)

Momentum

a (ii)

m1u1 + m2u2
(60)(20) + (70)(15)
1200 + 1050
v

a (iii)

Principle of conservation of momentum

b (i)

Principle of conservation of momentum

The total momentum is zero

Momentum of the man (forward) is equal with the momentum of the boat (backward) but in opposite direction
m1v1 + m2v2 = 0
m2v2 = - m1v1
(20) v2 = - (50) (2)
v2 = - 5 ms-1

1
1

b (ii)
b (iii)
b (iv)
7

=
=
=
=

(m1+m2)v
(60 + 70) v
(130) v
17.31 ms-1

1
1

1
1

rocket

v u
t
40 0
=
20
= 2 ms 2

a=
a (i)

( with correct unit )

a (ii)

F = ma
= 4000 X 2
= 8000 N

1
1

b (i)

Increase / more than 10

To reduce the pressure exerted on the ground

b (ii)

c
8

a (i)
(ii)
b

Increase / More than 2

To reduce the inertia effect / any relevant reason

- Momentum of a heavy vehicle depend on its speed

- Easy to control direction/ to reduce damage effect/To reduce impulsive force when accident occurs/
Toy car B
Toy car B has largest mass
Larger mass has a larger inertia

1
1
1
1
1

Force oppose / resist motion // Force act opposite direction of forward force // Force against the movement of object

Fnet = ma

c (i)

50 F fric = 5( 4)

F fric =30 N
c (ii)

c (iii)
d
e
9

a (i)

40 F fric = 5( 2.5)

F fric = 27.5 N

30 F fric =5( 4.5)

F fric =7.5 N
Wooden plane R
Least friction
1. Smoothen the surface
2. Increase the angle of incline slide

1
1
1
1

Product of mass and velocity // momentum = mass x velocity

The time for change of momentum in Diagram 9.1 is shorter than in Diagram 9.2 // vice versa
In both diagram, spiderman stopped, thus the change of momentum / impulse is same.

2
1

Ft = mv mu

Ft = Change of momentum
Change of momentum
Time, t
F = Rate of change of momentum
F =
a (ii)

From the formula, rate of change of momentum produces impulsive force.

The impulsive force is inversely proportional to the collision time. As the time for change of momentum is longer, the impulsive
force is smaller.

1
1

a (iii)

Impulsive force

Thai boxer.
Without wearing boxing gloves, the time for change of momentum is shorter.
The impulsive force is large.

1
1
1

Modifications
Streamline / Aerodynamics body shape
Reinforced passenger compartment
High padded seat backs and fronts
Crumple zones
These are specific points at the front and
back portion of the bus that are made to
crumple progressively
Safety seat belt
Air bag
Shatter proof windscreen
Use high rigidity material

10

a (i)
a (ii)

Explanation
To protect the students and the driver in the front from direct injury
when hit.
The passenger should remain intact during a collision. It is made of
high tensile strength steel (keluli daya lentur tinggi) that is able to
withstand large forces
To absorb impact
Lenghten the time of collision, hence reduces the impulsive force on
the bus.

10

Prevent passenger from jerking forward when bus stop suddently

Lengthen the time of collision
Windscreen will not break into pieces easily // Prevent the windscreen
from shattering
To decreases deformation at impact, reducing harm to passengers

Product of mass and velocity // momentum = mass x velocity

State the total momentum in Diagram 9.1 correctly
- Zero
Compare the total momentum correctly
- Total momentum before the bullet is fired = total momentum after the bullet is fired.
Compare the magnitude of the momentum of the bullet and pistol correctly

1
1
1

11

- Equal
Compare the direction of the momentum of the bullet and pistol correctly
- Opposite
Name the physics principle correctly
- Principle of Conservation of Momentum
- Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen fuel is pump into the combustion chamber for combustion
- The exhaust gas is ejected out of the rocket nozzle at high speed.
- The ejected exhaust gas at high speed creates a large backward momentum
- According to the Principle of Conservation of Momentum, the rocket acquires a large momentum forward
Aspects
Characterisitics
Explanations/Reasons
Blades
Using bigger blades / Increase the number
Increase the air intake
of blades / increase the speed of blade

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2

Material of blade

Blade made of strong

material

Can withstand strong pressure/it will not break

easily

Fuel injector

Increase the number of fuel

injectors// add more fuel injectors

More fuel to be burnt to produce greater thrust

Combustion chamber

Increase the size of the combustion chamber

More space for the fuel to be burnt

Nozzle

Decrease the diameter of the nozzle

Exhaust gas ejected at higher velocity/higher

momentum

2
2

The Principle of Conservation of Momentum / Energy

When the ball on one end is pulled up and let to fall, it strikes the second ball which is at rest and comes to a dead stop.
The momentum of the ball becomes zero as its velocity is zero.
The Principle of Conservation of Momentum states that in a collision between two objects the total momentum of the objects in
the system remains unchanged.
The energy and momentum from the first ball is transferred to the second ball and then transmitted through the balls at rest to
the ball on the other end.
Because the momentum and energy is maintained in this system, the ball on the opposite side will move at the same velocity as
the ball that were in initial motion
(any four)
Aspects
Characteristics / Design
Explaination / Reasons
The arrangement of the balls
The balls touch each other
This will reduce losses of energy which will reduce the speed
of the balls
Type of material to make the ball Steel
Steel balls are hard and produce highly elastic collision.
Energy can easily propagates through the intermediate balls
Number of string used to hang
Two strings used to hang
This string arrangement restricts the balls movements to the
the balls
each ball
same plane.
Position of the ball to start the
High position
High position of the ball, high potential energy and will
oscillation
change to high kinetic energy. The last end
ball will swing at bigger speed.
The most suitable design
Q
The balls touch each other, made from steel, use two strings
attached to each ball and the
initial position of the ball is high.
m1u1+ m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
(5)(0.8) + (3)(0) = 0 + (3) v2
v2 = 1.33 ms-1
m1v1 - m2u2 = 0 (0.05)(0.8)
= - 0.04 kgms-1

1
1

Impulsive force = - 0.04 / 0.05 = 0.8 N

The rate of change of momentum

- place a pile driver at a certain height

- release the pile driver onto the steel pile
- causes an impact on the steel pile in a short time
- produces high impulsive force on the steel pile.
Aspects
Technique / Characteristics
Action after hitting the ball
Continue to swing the racket after
hitting the ball
Time of contact between the ball and
Short time of contact
racket
Tension of string
High string tension

1
1
1
1

d (i)

d (ii)
d d (iii)
a (i)
a (ii)

c (i)
c (ii)
c (iii)

Material of the string

Nylon

The most effective technique and

suitable characteristics

100
= 0.1 kg
1000
20 x 10-3 = 2 x 10-2 s

m( v u )
F=
t

Explaination
Ball will move further // produce higher
impulse
High impulsive force
High impulsive force // Ball move with
high acceleration
High durability (ketahanan)
Not easy to break // more elastic
Continue to swing the rackets after
hitting the ball, short time contact
between the ball and racket, high string
tension, nylon

1
1

2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1

0.1( 50 40 )
0.02

= 450 N

MARKING SCHEME - PHYSICS PAPER 3 - MIDTERM 2013

No
1

a (i)
a (ii)
a (iii)
b

Answer

F (N)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5

No
3

a
b
c (i)
c (ii)

c
c (iii)
c (iv)

No
4

a
b
c (i)
c (ii)

cd (iii)
a
c (iv)
b (i)
(ii)
cb (v)
c (i)

c (vi)
c (ii)
c (iii)
d
e

c (v)

Mark

Daya
Pecutan
jisim troli / tinggi penggantung dan jisimnya dari lantai
x (cm)
2.6
3.5
4.6
5.0
5.8

y (cm)
4.6
7.9
10.8
12.7
16.0

1
1
1
a (cm s-2)
10.0
22.0
31.0
38.5
51.0

Answer
Pengukuran (3 markah)
Inference
semua bacaan x dan y diukur dengan betul.
Acceleration
depend
it massx dan y betul
minimum
3 setonbacaan
Hypothesi
s
tekal pada 1 tempat perpuluhan
The
the tidak
massperlu
the lower
the acceleration
- higher
pelajar
tunjukkan
pengiraan, lihat terus dalam jadual
State
the aim(4
ofmarkah)
experiment
Penjadualan
To- investigate
the relationship
between
the-1)acceleration and the mass
rangka F(N),
x (cm), y (cm),
a (cms
Variables
menyatakan unit bagi F, x, y dan a dengan betul dapat 1 markah
Manipulatd
variable
mass dengan betul dapat 1 markah
semua
nilai a: dihitung
Responding
variable
: acceleration
tekal dapat
1 markah
constant
: Force applied
Melukis
graf variable
(5 markah)
State
complete
of apparatus and materials
beri the
pada
perkaralist
berikut
menyatakan
pembolehubah
betul cord), a wooden runway, 12 V a.c power supply, ruler .
5 Trolleys,
ticker timer, unit
ticker
tape, a rubberdengan
band (elastic
pembolehubah
bergerakbalas
Draw-the arrangement
of the
apparatus (acceleration) pd paksi-x dan pembolehubah dimanipulasi (force) pd paksi-y
Answer
kedua-dua paksi mempunyai skala seragam dan
genap
trolley
Rubber
band
5 titik diplot dengan betul @ 3-6 titik
diplotkan dgn betul
(0 -2 titik
sahaja betul dapat 0 markah)
Inference
garis
lurus
penyesuaian
asalan)
attach on it
Acceleration
of the
sledge
dependsterbaik
on the(dari
number
of dogs
saiz minimum 5 x 4 petak bersaiz (2cm x 2 cm)
Hypothesis
Ticker when
timerthe net force acting on it increases // The higher the force the higher the
The acceleration of an object increases
Bilangan
Skor
acceleration
7
5
State the aim of experiment
To investigate the relationship between
5-6the force and acceleration
4 of a trolley
Variables
3-4
3
Manipulated
variable : Force
2
2
Ticker tape
Responding variable : Acceleration 1
1
Constant variable : Mass of the trolley
List
the complete
list of
and materials
a isout
directly
proportional
to apparatus
F
Trolley, 5 rubber bands (elastic
cords),
friction compensated track,
ticker timer, ticker
tape, a.c. power supply, ruler
Power
supply
compensated
runway
Draw intrapolation line from I = 0.8 A to the graph of VFriction
- axis
Value of V = 1.52 V when I = 0.8 A
Draw the functional arrangement of the apparatus
Frictional force
Prosedur
a increased
1. on The
ticker-timer
is switched
on and a
Shows
the graph
appropriate
right triangle
( >trolley
5 x 4) (of 1 kg) is pulled using a rubber band. The extension of the
rubber band is ensured to be of the same length
35 10
2. Acceleration
Gradient
, m = of the trolley is calculated using the ticker-tape.
a = ( v-u ) / t 9 1
3.
Procedure 2 and Procedure13 are
2 repeated using 2, 3, 4 and 5 kg of trolleys
3.125with
N the
m titles MV
State how the data=
tabulated
and RV
Marked on the graph
-2
a = > 5.5 ms
ms-2 <
Mass- , 6.0
m (kg)
Acceleration, a (cm s-2)
F Increases linearly with
a
1
mass
Power
2
1. Make sure elastic strings
are stretched at constant length.
3
supply
2. The position of the eye
4 perpendicular to the scale of the metre rule when measuring the ticker tape to avoid errors due
to parallax/systematic
5 error

c (vi)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Mark
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Procedure:
State the method of controlling the manipulated variable
1. The ticker timer was switched on and the trolley pulled by 1 rubber band stretched to a certain length.

c (vii)

Mark

State the method of measuring the responding variable

2. The acceleration of the
trolley was a
calculated
Acceleration,
(cm s-2) from the ticker tape obtained
State how the data is analysed, plot a graph RV against MV
State how the procedure is repeated to obtain at least 5 sets of results
3. Steps 1 and 2 were repeated with 2, 3, 4 and 5 rubber bands stretched to the same length
Plot
a graph
Tabulate
dataof acceleration , a , against mass , m
Force , F / Number of rubber bands
1
2
3
4

1
1
1

Acceleration, a (cm s-2)

1
Mass, m (kg)