This Automatic Battery charger turns On only when the battery demands charging current.

It can be used to charge 12 Volt Lead Acid or Tubular batteries .The automatic switching helps to keep the battery always in top condition. The overcharge and over discharge cut off facilities are included so that the charger can be left unattended for long periods. The switching action through the relay is achieved by by sensing the terminal voltage of the battery under charge. Relay contacts break the AC supply to the charger transformer when the battery voltage rises above 14 volts. When the terminal voltage drops below 11.5 volts, relay contacts complete the Neutral path of AC supply to the charger transformer. Operational Amplifier IC1 is used as a precision voltage comparator to monitor the voltage level of the battery. Its Inverting input gets a reference voltage of 1.8 V from the junction of Red LED and R3 while the Non inverting input gets slightly higher voltage of 2 volts ( as set by VR1). This makes output of IC1 high. PNP transistor then remains off to keep the relay de-energized. Since the Neutral line is connected through the Comm and NO contacts of the relay, AC path remains cut off and no charging takes place. When the battery voltage drops below 11.5 volts, voltage at the Non inverting input (pin3) drops below that of the Inverting input (pin2) and the output of IC1 turns low. T1 then conducts to actuate the relay. Relay contacts completes the neutral path and charging process starts. Green LED indicates the charging process. Charger On Demand Circuit

V: 24.6 V I: -6.89 mA

U2 LM338K
LINE VREG VOLTAGE COMMON

V: 3.04 V I: 1.14 mA

D6

S2 Key = A

V: 13.0 V I: -655 uA Probe2

D1
0

D2 D4 1N5402 1N5402 C1 3.3mF

Probe1

T1

D3 1N5402
1 3

V1 220 Vrms 60 Hz 0

1N5402

C2 100nF IC=50V R1 0% 5k Key=A R5 1k

R2 220

Probe3

C3 100F IC=50V

1N5402 R3 1k LED1

V3 D5 1N4740A
+ -

13 V 50m U3 DC 10MOhm

Q1 R4 BD139 LED2 1k

12.999

+ -

17.992

U1 AC 10MOhm

X1 12 V

S1 Key = A

1. The universal battery charger using Lm317 Here comes very simple idea is the universal battery charger circuit. When, an input power is applied to the circuit. The SCR1 (Silicon controlled rectifier) turn off, then not has a bias current path to ground.

The LM317 acts as a current regulator, It is connected to the battery thought a one way diode D1, limiting resistor R1, and a bias resistor R2. The D1 prevents the circuit from battery discharging, when the power out off from this circuit. As the battery charges, the voltage across A point potentiometer R5 and some point rises, to turn on the SCR1. Then current from the regulator LM317 can flow to ground, so now the IC1 is in functions the voltage-regulating mode.

The R6 be used to control the output voltage. When the SCR1 turn on, it also provides LED1 through R3 with a path to ground. But when LED1 is on, this circuit is in the voltage-regulating mode, while LED1 is off to be in the current-regulating mode.