Math 54 Chapter 10 1. Chantix is a drug used as an aid to quit smoking.

. The numbers of subjects experiencing insomnia for each of two treatment groups in a clinical trial of the drug are given below. Chantix Placebo Number in group 129 805 Number experiencing Insomnia 19 13 At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim that the number experiencing insomnia is the same in both groups. Does there appear to be a difference? b. Find the 95% confidence interval for the difference in the proportion of those experiencing insomnia in the Chantix group and those experiencing insomnia in the placebo group. What can you conclude from this interval? c. Are the hypothesis test and the confidence interval giving the same result? A simple random sample of front-seat occupants involved in car crashes is obtained. Among 2823 occupants not wearing seatbelts, 31 were killed. Among 7765 occupants who were wearing seatbelts, 16 were killed. a. Construct the 90% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the fatality rates for those not wearing seatbelts and those wearing seat belts. What can you conclude from this interval? b. At the 0.10 level of significance, test the claim that the fatality rate is higher for occupants not wearing seat belts. Does it appear that seat belts improve safety? Among 2739 female atom bomb survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1397 developed thyroid disease. Among 1352 male atom bomb survivors 436 developed thyroid disease. a. Use a 0.01 level of significance to test the claim that the female and male survivors have different rates of thyroid disease. b. Construct the 99% confidence interval for the difference between the rates of thyroid disease for female and male survivors. What conclusion does the confidence interval suggest? c. Are the hypothesis test and the confidence interval giving the same result? Rhino viruses typically cause common colds. In a test of the effectiveness of Echinacea, 40 out of 45 subjects treated with Echinacea developed rhinovirus infections. In a placebo group 88 of 103 subjects developed rhinovirus infections. a. Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the two rates of infection. What conclusion does the confidence interval suggest? b. At the 0.05 level of significance test the claim that the rate for those taking Echinacea is lower than those that took the placebo. c. Are the hypothesis test and the confidence interval giving the same result? Lipitor is a drug used to control cholesterol. In clinical trials of Lipitor, 94 subjects were treated with Lipitor and 270 were given a placebo. Among those treated with Lipitor, 7 developed infections. Among those given a placebo, 27 developed infections. a. Use a 0.05 level of significance to test the claim that the rate of infection was lower for those treated with Lipitor. b. Construct the 95% confidence interval for the difference in the rate of infection for those taking Lipitor and those taking the placebo. c. Are the hypothesis test and the confidence interval giving the same result? a.

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The mean tar content of a simple random sample of 25 unfiltered king size cigarettes is 21.1 mg, with a standard deviation of 3.2 mg. The mean tar content of a simple random sample of 25 filtered 100 mm cigarettes is 13.2 mg with a standard deviation of 3.7 mg. Assume the data is normally distributed. a. Construct a 90% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the mean tar content of unfiltered cigarettes and the mean tar content of filtered 100 mm cigarettes. Does the result suggest that 100 mm filtered cigarettes have less tar? b. Use a 0.05 level of significance to test the claim that unfiltered king size cigarettes have a higher mean tar content than 100 mm filtered cigarettes. What does the result suggest about the effectiveness of filters? A simple random sample of high interest mortgages and a second simple random sample of low-interest mortgages is taken. For the 40 high-interest mortgages, the borrowers had a mean FICO credit score of 594.8 and a standard deviation of 12.2. For the 40 low interest mortgages, the borrowers had a mean FICO credit score of 785.2 and a standard deviation of 16.3. a. Use a 0.01 level of significance to test the claim that the mean FICO score of borrowers with high-interest mortgages is lower than the mean score for borrowers with low-interest mortgages. Does the FICO score appear to affect mortgage rates? b. Construct a 98% confidence interval for the difference between the mean credit score for borrowers with high interest mortgages and those with low-interest mortgages. The Revenue commissioners in Ireland conducted a contest for promotion. Statistics from the ages of successful and unsuccessful applicants are given below. Some of the unsuccessful applicants charged that the competition involved discrimination based on age. Assume the data was normally distributed. Ages of unsuccessful applicants Ages of successful applicants Sample Size 26 30 Sample Mean 47 43.9 Sample Std. Dev. 7.2 5.9

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b. 9.

At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim that the unsuccessful applicants are from a population with a greater mean age than the successful applicants. Based on the result does there appear to be discrimination based on age? Construct the 95% confidence interval for the difference between the mean age of the successful applicants and the unsuccessful applicants. What does the result suggest about age discrimination? The trend of thinner Miss America winners has generated charges that the contest encourages unhealthy diet habits among young women. Listed below are the body mass indexes (BMI) for Miss America winners from two different time periods. Consider the lists simple random samples from normally distributed populations. BMI (recent winners) 49.5 16.8 20.6 19.6 20.2 17.8 17.9 19.1 18.8 17.6

BMI (from 1920s and 30s) 20.4 19.1

21.9

22.1

22.3

20.3

18.8

18.9

19.4

18.4

Use a 0.05 level of significance to test the claim that recent winners have a lower mean BMI than that of winners from the 20s and 30s. b. Construct a 90% confidence interval for the difference between the mean BMI of recent winners and the mean BMI of winners from the 20s and 30s. c. Based on the above, does it appear that the mean BMI has decreased? 10. Listed below are body temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit of subjects measured at 8 a.m. and at 12 noon. 8 a.m.: 12 noon: a. 97.0 98.0 96.2 98.6 97.6 98.8 96.4 98.0 97.8 98.6 99.2 97.6

a.

Construct a 95% confidence interval for the estimate of the difference between the 8 a.m. and 12 noon temperatures. Does it appear that body temp is the same at both times? b. At the 0.05 level of significance test the claim that there is a difference in temperature at the two times. 11. Listed below are the costs (in dollars) of repairing the front ends and rear ends of different makes of cars when they were damaged in controlled low-speed crashes. Front: Rear: 936 1480 978 1202 2252 802 1032 3191 3911 1122 4312 739 3469 2769 2598 3375 4535 1787

a. At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim that there is a difference in the two costs. b. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in the two costs. 12. Listed below are the systolic blood pressure measurements (in mm Hg) taken from the right and left arms of the same woman. Right: Left: a. 102 175 101 169 94 182 79 146 79 144

At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim that the values from the left arm are higher than the values from the right arm. b. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the values form the right arm and the values from the left arm. 13. Researchers collected data on the numbers of hospital admissions resulting from motor vehicle crashes th th and the results are given below for Fridays on the 6 of a month and Fridays on the 13 of the month. Friday the 6 : Friday the 13 : a. b.
th th

9 13

6 12

11 14

11 10

3 4

5 12
th

Use a 0.05 level of significance to test the claim that admissions were higher on Friday the 13 . Does th this imply that the 13 is unlucky? Construct the 95% confidence interval for the difference between the number of admissions on the th th 6 and on the 13 .