Study Guide POLS 433/ The Development of Modern Political Thought !

"am Direction#$ There %ill &e t%o part# to the e"am' The fir#t part %ill con#i#t of a #hort an#%er #ection that i# identical to the midterm' (e #ure to fully an#%er the )ue#tion a# %ell a# any #u&*)ue#tion#' +urthermore, Part - only deal# %ith author# from .ou##eau through Mill' -n Part --, you %ill %rite a &rief e##ay on one of 3 or 4 )ue#tion#' /ou may &e a#0ed to comment on the author# from the fir#t #ection of the cour#e, though they %ill only &e referred to in conte"t of a thin0er from thi# part of the cour#e' Ma0e #ure to &ring a &lue &oo0 or loo#e*leaf paper to the e"am' Loc0e, The Second Treatise of Government 1er#u# Sir .o&ert +ilmer State of nature$ freedom, e)uality, God, natural la%, rea#on 2ho e"ecute#/enforce# the la% of nature3 State of nature a# inconvenient Protect the earth and everything in it 4o #uicide or #lavery 536 La&or theory of property La&or theory of value Sufficiency principle and %a#te clau#e Three economie#$ hunter/gatherer, agrarian, money The 4on*7ge/ 7ge of Minority and Ma8ority The Social 9ontract People are #overeign Ma8ority rule# +orm of government/ people, legi#lative, e"ecutive and federative O&ligation/ (enefit theory of tacit con#ent :uitting one;# o&ligation and the right of revolution/ only after a long train of a&u#e# .ou##eau, Discourse on the Origin of Inequality .ou##eau;# criti)ue of the #ocial contract theori#t#/ hi# #tate of nature v' <o&&e#;# or Loc0e;# The three #tage# of the #tate of nature 5Savage man, Savage family, Savage nation6 Savage Man v' Modern Man The 9ompetiton for !#teem The development of #elf*con#ciou#ne## Amour-propre v' Amour de soi The three #laverie# The #ocial contract a# a tric0 of the rich .ou##eau, The Social Contract man i# &orn free, every%here he i# in chain# 7 theori#t of freedom* To renounce one;# freedom i# to renounce one;# humanity +reedom a# a duty or o&ligation one impo#e# on one#elf/ a #elf*impo#ed la% Giving one#elf to everyone i# li0e giving one#elf to no one/ <o% to o&ey one;# one %ill The general %ill= ancient repu&licani#m > modern contract theory Participatory or direct democracy The #ocial contract forced to &e free ** all #ecretly held private intere#t# threaten# tho#e %ho fully alienate their freedom to the collective' The general %ill i# al%ay# right, &ut the 8udgment that guide# i# not al%ay# enlightened

The pu&lic mu#t &e taught to recogni?e %hat it de#ire# / <o% to get people to con#ent to 8oin the general %ill3 The La%giver 9ivil .eligion/ three model# of church*#tate relation# Good 9hri#tian# ma0e &ad citi?en# @ant The categorical imperative +reedom a# a duty one impo#e# on one#elf/ rational #elf*determination @ant;# t%o a##umption#$ 7 good %ill i# the only un)ualifia&ly good thing on earth and ought re)uire# freedom A priori rea#on The three form# of the categorical imperative$ A6 formal/ can - univer#ali?e a ma"im, B6 treat other# only a# an end and never a# a mean#, 36 the 0ingdom of end#' <egel, The Introduction to the Philosophy of istory <egel;# theodicy The#i#*7ntithe#i#*Synthe#i# The %orld a# a place %e feel at home in, a place con#i#tent %ith our a#piration# <egel;# criti)ue of @ant/ a priori v' reflective rea#oning/ life i# under#tood &ac0%ard# -f you loo0 at the %orld rationally, it loo0# &ac0 at you that %ay <i#tory a# the unfolding of freedom The Three Moment# of +reedom +reedom a# rational #elf*determination +reedom and #elf*con#ciou#ne## <egel;# hi#torical heroe# The Su&8ectiveChi#tory moved &y inclination and am&ition 2e ac0no%ledge that %e have erred &ecau#e %e #uffer/ 7ntigone Gei#t/ Spirit* humanity a# comprehen#i&le unity, freedom, and rea#on The Organic 9ommunity The end of hi#tory The three epoch# of hi#tory$ A6 Oriental, B6 Gree0, 36 German Ma#ter/Slave Mar" The three form# of alienation$ from our#elve#, from our la&or and from each other 2hy %or0er# %ill never get ahead in capitali#m Specie#*&eing/ the e##ence of human nature for Mar" .eligion i# the opium of the people The criti)ue of the divi#ion of la&or -t ma0e# it po##i&le for me to don one thing today and another tomorro%, to hunt in the morning, fi#h in the afternoon, rear cattle in the evening, critici?e after dinnerD Dialectical materiali#m Political v' civil #phere The four #tage# of hi#tory$ tri&al, ancient communal, feudal, capitali#m The criti)ue of ideology/ +al#e con#ciou#ne## The la%# of %age*la&or 7ll that i# #olid melt# into air The &ourgeoi#ie a# their o%n grave*digger# The %ithering a%ay of the #tate

9riti)ue# of #ociali#m$ reactionary #ociali#m, &ourgeoi# #ociali#m and utopian #ociali#m 2hat i# communi#m3 9ertificate# of la&or +rom each according to hi# a&ilitie#, to each according to hi# need# la&or &ecome# the prime %ant in life (entham The Principles of !orals and "egislation 4ature ha# placed in man0ind under the governance of t%o #overeign ma#ter#, plea#ure and pain' The utilitarian calculu# 9ritici#m#$ #lavery, utility mon#ter#, e"perience machine, E'S' Mill,#tilitarianism -t i# &etter to &e a human &eing di##ati#fied than a pig #ati#fiedF it i# &etter to &e Socrate# di##ati#fied than a fool #ati#fied' 5from #tilitarianism6 <igher v' Lo%er Plea#ure#