UNIT 1

I.READING

What is Green Building Science?

Sustainable building takes most of us back to the classroom for a refresher on the physical properties of energy, air, and water. Green building practices, as well the selection of the appropriate building materials, revolve around a few basic principles of science. Science is what sustainable building relies on, principles that once understood can guide you every step of the way, including: A house is a system of interrelated parts Energy loses some of its potential each time it is converted from one form to another, which e plains why passive solar heat is much more efficient than electric heat !orm follows function when it comes to design, meaning that construction should be tailored to the environment in which the house is built. Air leaks in the building envelope represent a significant loss of energy and open the door to moisture damage inside wall and ceiling cavities. "ontrolling the movement of heat, air, and moisture involves every part of the building and everyone on the building team II. GRAMMER P INTS #.Simple $resent %ense &se the present tense to talk about scientific facts'physical laws'things in general' things that happen repeatedly. (
( (

A house is a system of interrelated parts.

%he Green Building is the main facility of the )epartment of Earth, Atmospheric, and $lanetary Science %he construction and operation of buildings consumes over a third of the world*s energy consumption

+. $resent $rogressive tense &se the present continuous to talk about things that are happening at'around the time of speaking. ( ( ( An architect is designing a building in his office at the moment. ,ur need for building is constantly increasing. $eter is training to become an architect.

E-E."/SE: $ut the verbs in brackets into their correct forms and tenses #. A volunteer non(profit organi0ation 1set up2333333333333 to promote architecture and design
to seek solutions to global social and humanitarian crisis.

+. %oday he 1leave2333333 the house(building business to live a more leisurely life with his wife. 4. An architect always 1think2333333 logically. 5. 6e 1study233333333 building designing this semester. 7. 8ur9 :halifa, )ubai 1be2 one of the highest building in the world. III. !UESTI NS #. ;hat do green building practices revolve< +. ;hy is passive solar heat much more efficient than electric heat< 4. ;hat does open the door to moisture damage inside wall and ceiling cavities< I". " #ABU$AR% !ossil fuels
construction #./n today=s world of climate change and high energy prices, it is critical that buildings use as few 3333333333.

air leakage

solar heating environmental impact natural building

+. 333333333 can have detrimental effects on how a home functions and even reduces the life span of the structure

4. 3333333333 is more attractive than ever./t is now lower in cost and more efficient.
5. Green building practices aim to reduce the 33333333 3333333 of buildings, and the very first rule is, do not build in sprawl.

7. A similar concept is 333333333333333, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the
use of natural materials that are available locally.

>. Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during
33333333333.

". W RD BUIDING A common way of making a new word in English is by adding prefi es'suffi es to the e isting words. %he Suffi ?al@: this forms ad9ectives from the corresponding nouns. N UN & 'A$( ) AD*E#TI"E Aocation B Aocational Architecture B Architectural %echniCue B %echnical E+ER#ISE, Form adjectives from the following: AirD natureD centreD globeD machineD geometryD operationD continentD educationD mathematicsD additionD occasionD cycle.

"I. # MPRE-ENSI N Se.uence %he following sentences describe how to work with an architect, but they are in the wrong order. .ead them carefully, and put them in the right order. 6,; %, ;,.: ;/%6 AE A."6/%E"%
33333333333 .eview your building site with the architect. 333333333333 .eview early conceptual sketches prepared by the architect and provide commentary and direction. 33333333333 Give the architect a list of reCuirements 1four bedrooms, family room at least #7 and so forth2. 33333333333 Gake certain that the architect is aware of any special restrictions that apply 10oning, +F,

deed restrictions, etc.2. 3333333333 .emain involved, reviewing the work freCuently to insure that the design meets your e pectations 33333333333 Geet with your architect and discuss any pictures or plans of houses you like. /f there is an e isting house similar to what you want, take the architect to see it. 333333333333 )evelop some idea of what type of house you want ( si0e, style, number of rooms. 3333333333 Spend some time looking at houses ( drive around, take pictures, look at home maga0ines ( as well as reviewing any e isting designs your architect may provide.

"II. /URT-ER READING

Green Building Best Practices

Hook for designs that use energy as close to its sources as possible to minimi0e conversion losses: passive solar heat, for e amples, over electrical resistance heating. "onsider heat transmissions in all its forms ( convection, conduction, and radiation ( in selecting building materials and building practices. "reate an effective air barrier and make sure everyone on the build team understand their role in maintaining it through various stages of construction. /nclude some form of mechanical ventilation in the house and strive for a Ipressure neutralI interior as minimum reCuirement. Gake sure construction details are able to handle water movement via gravity, diffusion, and capillary action. /n areas of high noise, consider window upgrades, sound barriers, and alternatives to conventional stick framing.

UNIT 0
I.READING

As1irati2ns 23 /rench Architecture

%he Europeans who left for the Eew ;orld in the #>th and #Jth centuries naturally sought to transplant the legacy of their own civili0ation. %he settlement of Eew !rance, however, differed from that of Eew England: having broken with the countries from which they were emigrating, the English and the )utch chose to adapt to the lands in which they intended to dwell permanently. !or people pursuing liberty, Eew England was a promised land. Eew !rance, on the other hand, was organi0ed as a colony under the king*s sponsorship. /mbued with the spirit of hierarchy and guided by rigid norms 1including those which governed pictorial representation2, the !rench imported models and practices to Eew !rance with no thought of adapting them to local conditions. Amerindians looked on in ama0ement as the newcomers began construction of their settlement: while the /roCuoians were used to building with unfinished materials 1tree trunks, branches, bark etc.2, European carpenters and 9oiners would utili0e only sawn or sCuared lumber, assembled by means of the mortise(and(tenon method and fi ed with dowels. Eative building techniCues were not apt to reshape European ones. Architecture remained minimal in fledgling Eew !rance, at least until #>>5 1two years after Houis -/A*s personal reign had been proclaimed2 ( the year the king changed the status of the colony to that of a fully recogni0ed !rench province. As a result, construction of a capital city worthy of the name was undertaken on the heights of "ap(au ()iamants. ;ooden buildings made way for stone structures 1previously very rare2, and the harmonious forms of !rench classicism began to adorn the landscape of Eew !rance. II. GRAMMER P INTS Simple past tense &se the Simple $ast tense to talk about actions, states, or situations that are now finished. 1 regular verbs, the tense is formed by adding ?(ed'(d@ to the infinitive.2

E-: ( %he Europeans who left for the Eew ;orld in the #>th and #Jth centuries naturally sought to transplant the legacy of their own civili0ation. ( ( Architecture remained minimal in fledgling Eew !rance, at least until #>>5. ;ooden buildings made way for stone structures.

E+ER#ISE: Put the following sentences into the Simple Past tense #. %he liCuid 1rise2 in the tube. +. %he aircraft 1fly2 faster than sound. 4. %he architect 1take2 a lot of measurement. 5. Einstein=s theory 1prove2 to be valid in #K4K. 7. /n #K+L, English pilot and engineer !rank ;hittle 1suggest2 the idea of 9et engine. >. )arwin 1publish2 his theory of evolution in #L7K. III. !UESTI NS #. ;hen did the European leave the Eew ;orld< +. ;hy did the settlement of Eew !rance differ from that of Eew England< 4. ;hen did the king change the status of the colony to that of a fully recogni0ed !rench province<

I". # MPRE-ENSI N , True/ False #. 333333 6aving broken with the countries from which they were emigrating, the English and the )utch chose to live in the new lands eternally. +. 333333 !or people pursuing freedom, Eew England was a promised land. 4. 333333 Eew !rance, like Eew English, was organi0ed as a colony under the king*s sponsorship. 5. 3333333 %he !rench imported models and practices to Eew !rance, trying to adapt them to local conditions. 7. 33333333 European carpenters and 9oiners would use only sawn or sCuared lumber, assembled by means of the mortise(and(tenon method and fi ed with dowels.

"." #ABU$AR% coloni0ed empire e ploration architecture style industriali0ation

#. !rance is a country rich in 33333333.Mou can spend all your days walking through the streets of
$aris, or any other region, visiting the museums, and taking pictures ne t to one of the many impressive monuments.

+. Eew !rance was the area 33333333333by !rance in Eorth America during a period beginning
with the 3333333333333 of the Saint Hawrence .iver by NacCues "artier in #745 and ending with the cession of Eew !rance to Spain and Great 8ritain in #J>4.

4. %he !rench colonial 333333 was the set of territories outside Europe that were under !rench
rule primarily from the #Jth century to the late #K>Fs.

5. %he !rench .evolution did not affect the architectural 333333333of $aris. 7. !rench 3333333333333 began in the#L5Fs and lasted until the Great )epression of the #LJFs.

"I. W RD BUIDING %he suffi ?ment@ "ERB & MENT ) N UN %his suffi forms nouns from the corresponding verbs. ECuip B eCuipment Ganage B management $ay B payment E-E."/SE: &sing ?ment@ make nouns from the following verbs : %reat, settle, argue, move, ad9ust, establish, improve, achieve, develop, involve, achieve. "II. /URT-ER READING

"hOteau and $alaces

A building in IchOteauI style was formed by four main building units around an inner courtyard. Gonasteries and convents adopted this style at the beginning of the #>th century, since it symboli0ed the life of seclusion while allowing free access from one main building unit to another around the inner cloister. /n PuQbec "ity, the &rsuline Gonastery, the Augustine

6ospital Gonastery, the "ollege of the Nesuits and that of the .Qcollets, together with Gonsignor HAAAH*s seminary comple , were all chOteau(type buildingsD conceived and partially reali0ed in the early #Jth century, their archaic form distinguished them from later IpalaceI(type buildings. Hess self(contained than the IchOteau,I the IpalaceI(type building was well(adapted to the urban environment: parallel to the street, the principal building unit rose up at the back of the main courtyard, which was framed by two other Ifore(centralI 1avant(corps2 building units. Appearing in !rance at the beginning of the #Jth century, the palace and its diminutive form, the private mansion, rapidly outdistanced the chOteau because they made party walls possible. /n GontrQal, the Gessrs Saint(Sulpice, scions of the nobility, were the first in PuQbec 1#>L72 to utili0e palace(type construction for their seminary. /n PuQbec "ity, Gonsignor de Saint(Aallier, a prince of the "hurch of noble blood, built a veritable private mansion 1hRtel particulier2 to serve as the episcopal palace, which came to be known as the 8ishop*s Gansion 1l*hRtel de Ggr l*SvTCue2.