All rights reserved.

Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel.

Features and Services

This chapter describes features and services supported by the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway. The following sections are presented: Introduction Interfaces Supported Connection Control and Signaling Protocols Supported MultiVendor Interoperability Voiceband Services Quality of Service Redundancy, Reliability and Availability IP Services Internet Routing Protocols Domain Name Service

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3.1
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Introduction
The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway functions as a trunking media gateway in NGN, and supports TDMtoTDM, TDMtoIP and IPtoTDM mediation. The gateway functions in conjunction with a softswitch, employing the Megaco v1.0 protocol to initiate call setup, call teardown, and midcall services.

3.2

Interfaces Supported
The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports the following interfaces, see also Figure 10: PSTN: E1/T1, full duplex, multimode IP: 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet. Management: 10/100 Mbit/s links to carry signaling and management information Full duplex, autosensing port CLI interface using either an RS232 or RJ45 type connector Alarm Cut Off switch on a third party alarm panel, external alarm interface.

Softswitch Fast Ethernet Channelized T1 and Channelized E1 PSTN

10/100Mbs Ethernet

Packet

Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway RS-232

0106_fig20_ed02

Craft Console

Figure 10

Interfaces Supported

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3.3
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Connection Control and Signaling

A major premise of the NGN is the decomposition of monolithic telephone switches into two distinct components: the softswitch inherits the switching intelligence functions and the media gateway inherits the switching matrix functions. The centralized switching intelligence (softswitch) controls the switching matrix (media gateways) which is, in most cases, dispersed geographically or logically in the network topology. Gateway control and connection control using the Megaco or MGCP protocols to provide a mechanism through which the intelligence of the softswitch communicates with the media gateways. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway is primarily responsible for performing media mapping or bearer conversion functions, for example converting circuitswitched voice or fax signals into packetized traffic and vice versa. The media gateway functionality includes circuit termination and switching, packet handling and switching, edge routing, and media processing. Incoming circuitswitched bearer traffic is packetized to be transmitted over IP networks; packetbased bearer traffic is reformatted to PCM and switched to the TDM interface connected to PSTN.

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3.4
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Protocols Supported
The Megaco protocols are industrystandard media gateway control protocols which address the relationship between a media gateway and a softswitch (which is also called a media gateway controller). The softswitch directs the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway to dynamically establish and tear down voice and facsimile connections over a packet network using the Megaco v1.0/H.248 protocol, see Figure 11.

Softswitch SS7 Megaco/ H.248 SS7

PSTN

TDM

IP

IP Backbone

IP

TDM

PSTN

Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway 0104_fig21_ed02

Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway

Figure 11

Protocols Supported by an Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway

3.4.1

Megaco v1.0
The Megaco protocol, defined by the ITUT and IETF, provides control for different termination types, QoS and traffic measurement, and error reporting on call failures. A softswitch communicates with a media gateway by using Megaco messages. A Megaco message usually contains the following information: Termination (e.g., a destination) Context (e.g., a collection of terminations) Packages (e.g., a collection of properties related to a termination). A termination is described by a number of characterizing properties, including a termination Identification (ID) that is assigned by the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway at the time of creation. A context describes the topology and media processing parameters when more than two terminations are involved in an association. A Megaco package allows for variations in termination properties such as events, signals, and statistics. Each termination realizes a set of Megaco packages. Megaco messages can be used to create contexts and modify the parameter values of existing contexts. Megaco includes commands to add terminations to contexts, subtract them from contexts, and to move terminations between contexts. Contexts are deleted when the last remaining termination is subtracted or removed. When the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway uses the Megaco protocol to register with a softswitch, the softswitch completes the registration process by sending an

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All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel.

acknowledgement command. The softswitch maintains any information concerning the capabilities and available resources of the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway (e.g., Codecs supported, tone detection/generation, echo control) that is required to make call processing decisions. If an Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway lacks sufficient resources to carry out a specific request, the softswitch routes the call to another gateway to continue processing.

Megaco Features
General Megaco v1.0 features supported by the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway include: User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Text Encoding Primary Media Gateway Controller only Megaco Header contains IP@ instead of Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) Multiple Commands per Action One Action per Transaction.

Megaco Messages and Packages

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports all Megaco v1.0 messages and packages specified for a trunking gateway. Table 15 lists Megaco v1.0 messages supported by the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway. Table 15 Add Subtract Modify Move Service Change Notify Audit Value Audit Capabilities Megaco Messages Supported Description Places a termination in a context Removes a termination from a context Changes the properties of a termination Moves a termination to another context Registers with a softswitch and to report changes Notifies the softswitch about the occurrence of an event Queries for all information concerning a set of terminations Audits the capabilities of a media gateway

Megaco Messages Supported

The following Megaco v1.0 packages are supported by the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway Release 2.0:

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Basic Packages Statistic Packages Signal Packages Event Packages.

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Basic Packages
The following Megaco basic packages are supported: H.248 Generic Package H.248 Base Root Package H.248 Basic Continuity Package H.248 Network Package H.248 TDM Circuit Package.

Statistic Packages
The following Megaco statistic packages are supported: Network Package - Duration Network Package - Octets sent Network Package - Octets received RTP Package - Packets sent RTP Package - Packets received RTP Package - Jitter RTP Package - Delay.

Signaling Packages
The following Megaco signaling packages are supported: Basic Continuity Package - signal - continuity test Basic Continuity Package - signals - respond.

Event Packages
The following Megaco event packages are supported: Generic Package - events - cause Generic Package - events - signal completion Basic Continuity Package - events - completion Network Package - events - network failure Network Package - events - quality alert RTP Package - events - RTP payload transition.

Termination ID Format
In accordance with Request for Comments (RFC) 3015, Megaco terminations are referenced by a termination ID. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway defines a termination ID for physical TDM circuits and logical RealTime Transport Protocol (RTP) ports, see Table 16.

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Table 16 Termination ID TDM Circuit

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RealTime Transport Protocol ID Format Format and Description tdm.<LinkNumber>.<ChannelNumber> LinkNumber is the number of the link in the PSTN Interface ChannelNumber is the number of the channel in the link

RTP Link

rtp.<RTPNumber> RTPNumber is an arbitrary number assigned to an RTP port

Megaco Call Flow

When the softswitch receives a call, it initiates a Megaco message requesting the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway to create a new context and to add a TDM termination link to the new context. Physically, the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway allocates a DSP to support the call. It then sends an AddReply message to confirm that the TDM termination has been placed in the new context, and that a DSP has been allocated to the call. Using another Add command, the softswitch requests the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway to add an RTP termination to the same context. When two terminations (i.e., TDM termination and RTP termination) have been placed in the same context, they can communicate with another. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway sets up the DSP with appropriate values (e.g., values pertaining to Codecs, voice packet frame size) and sends an AddReply message to the softswitch. This message includes the IP address of the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway. The softswitch then determines the destination gateway to be used to support the call. Once determined, the softswitch uses a Modify message to notify the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway about the destination gateway. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway confirms the request with a ModifyReply message. The call can then be established between the incoming and outgoing gateways. Figure 12 illustrates the Megaco call flow.

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Softswitch

Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway

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state = REGISTERED Add(TDM)

connect/activate TDM (allocate DSP) create new context configure DSP AddReply(ctxt_id, TDM, OK) Add(ctxt_id, RTP)

get DSP previously allocated get IP address and RTP port configure DSP setup voice path (recv_only) connect RTP AddReply(ctxt_id, RTP, local desc, OK) Modify(ctxt_id, RTP, remote desc.)

configure DSP setup voice path (send_recv) ModifyReply(ctxt_id, RTP, OK)

0110_fig22_ed02

Figure 12

Megaco Call Flow

3.4.2 Sigtran
SIGTRAN is used for transporting Switch Circuit Network (SCN) protocol like SS7 and DSS1 over IP networks. It defines protocols layers over IP which performs the functions that MTP layer 2 or Q.921 accomplished in the conventional PSTN. The protocol layers include: SCTP IUA

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SOFTSWITCH uses SIGTRAN for tunneling of PSTN protocols from gateways, Signaling Server & SCP to the Call Server. These include ANSI & ITU ISDN (Q.931) and ITU SS7 signaling (carried over PRI & E1 links respectively and terminated on media gateways controlled by the SOFTSWITCH.
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Softswitch Q.931 Adapt IUA* SCTP OS Adapt IP

Product specific existing layers Generic SIGTRAN layers Product specific Adaptation layers

Gateway Adapt IUA* SCTP OS Adapt Q.921

Fiugre 13

Protocol Stack Diagram

3.4.2.1 SCTP

For communication between the SOFTSWITCH and certain external elements of the VoIP network, the Simple Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP\ will be used. SCTP is designed to transport PSTN signaling messages (via the SCN Adaptation Layer) over IP networks, but also offers additional flexibility to provide transport of other application layers (e.g., SS7 signaling messages via the M3UA Layer and ISDN via IUA Layer) SCTP is connection-oriented in nature. During association startup, SCTP provides the means for each SCTP endpoint to provide the other endpoint with a list of transport addresses (e.g., address/UDP port combinations) through which that endpoint can be

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reached and from which it will originate messages. Once SCTP has established an association between SCTP hosts, it offers the following services to its users: All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel.

Acknowledged error-free non-duplicated transfer of user data Application-level segmentation to conform to discovered Maximum Transmission unit (MTU) size Sequenced delivery of user datagrams within multiple streams, with an option for order-of-arrival delivery of individual datagrams

The following is a list of the functions performed by SCTP. Association Startup and Takedown Sequenced Delivery within Streams User Data Segmentation Acknowledgement and Congestion Avoidance Chunk Multiplex Path Management

3.4.2.2 IUA
In ISDN access signaling, the signaling channel is carried along with data channels, so that the SG function for handling Q.931 signaling is co-located with the MG function for handling the data stream. Where Q.931 is then transported to the MGC for call processing, signaling transport would be used between the SG function and MGC. The IUA software provides the following services: Seamless operation of Q.921-User peers (for example, Q.931 peers) in ISDN and IP domains Management of active associations between SG and ASP (status and control) Mapping between an ISDN Interface ID and the physical interface (T1 and E1) and associated signalling channel at the SG SCTP stream management Maintaining the status of ASPs at the SG Support for ASP fail-over model for redundancy Support for SG fail-over model for redundancy

Table 17 IUA supports the following messages: Message Data request Data Indication Description Request to transfer data to the peer Indicate to the user the receipt of data from peer

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Message Unit data request

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Description Request to transfer unit data to the peer Indicate to the user the receipt of unit data from peer Request to establish a data link on the signaling channel Confirm success/failure of data link establishment Indicate to the user the receipt of an establish request Request to release the data link on the signalling channel Confirm success/failure of the data link release Indicate to the user the receipt of a release request Sent to inform the remote IUA peer that the local IUA layer is ready to receive traffic or maintenance messages Sent to inform the remote IUA peer that the local IUA layer is not ready to receive traffic or maintenance messages Optionally used to ensure that the IUA peers are still available to each other Ack Sent to acknowledge the ASP up message Ack Sent to acknowledge the ASP down message Sent from an ASP to a SG to indicate that it is active and ready to be used Sent from an ASP to a SG to indicate that it is no longer an active ASP to be used from within a list of ASPs Ack Sent to acknowledge the ASP active message Ack Sent to acknowledge the ASP inactive message Sent to report an error condition Sent to provide the autonomous notification of IUA events

Unit data indication Establish request Establish confirm Establish indication Release request Release confirm Release indication ASP up

ASP down

Heartbeat ASP up ASP down ASP active ASP inactive

ASP active ASP inactive Error indication Notify

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Message TEI status request

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Description Request the status of a particular TEI Confirm the status of a particular TEI Indicate the status of a particular TEI

TEI status confirm TEI status indication

Open standardbased solutions are the key to promoting interoperability among vendors, and are crucial to service providers deploying multi-vendor services. Alcatel is committed to delivering open, standardbased solutions. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway allows service providers to deploy equipment from multiple vendors and reduce risks that stem from rigid, singleservice systems. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports industry standard protocols like Megaco and IUA, and operates together with multi-vendor softswitch and gateway systems. Open standardbased solutions are the key to promoting interoperability among vendors, and are crucial to service providers deploying multi-vendor services. Alcatel is committed to delivering open, standardbased solutions. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway allows service providers to deploy equipment from multiple vendors and reduce risks that stem from rigid, singleservice systems. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports industry standard protocols like Megaco and IUA, and operates together with multi-vendor softswitch and gateway systems.

3.4.2.3 MultiVendor Interoperability

Open standardbased solutions are the key to promoting interoperability among vendors, and are crucial to service providers deploying multivendor services. Alcatel is committed to delivering open, standardbased solutions. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway allows service providers to deploy equipment from multiple vendors and reduce risks that stem from rigid, singleservice systems. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports industry standard protocols like Megaco and IUA, and operates together with multivendor softswitch and gateway systems.

3.5

Voiceband Services
The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway offers VoIP services by converting circuitswitched voice traffic into packets, and supports both the Alaw and law variants of the G.711 Codec, often referred to as PCM, for speech, voiceband data, and facsimile traffic types. In addition, the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports the G.729a/b and G.723.1 Codecs. See Table 18. Table 18 Codecs Supported Description Transported as G.711 stored in RTP packets.

Codecs Supported G.711, with and without silence

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suppression G.711 law, 64 kbit/s G.711 Alaw, 64 kbit/s

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Both law and Alaw variants are supported.

G.729a 8 kbit/s G.729b G.723.1 6.3 kbit/s /5.3kbit/s

Compressed per G.729 Annex A; the compressed data is stored in RTP packets for transport. Compressed per G.729 Annex B;

Voiceband service features supported by the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway include the following: Silence Suppression Comfort Noise Generation Echo Cancellation Fax/Modem Bypass.

3.5.1

Silence Suppression
The voice activity detector in the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway stops transmission of speech data when periods of silence occur during a conversation by monitoring the traffic stream at the transmitting end (to detect audio silence based on audio power falling below a certain threshold). When voice activity detection is enabled, and the coder detects silence, it can be configured to simply stop voice coding, or alternatively send comfort noise information to the far end., increasing transmission efficiency. Silence suppression can be enabled or disabled for each individual channel; Voice activity detection is supported for all voice coding schemes. It is often undesirable when the channel is carrying facsimile or modem traffic.

3.5.2

Comfort Noise Generation

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway inserts comfort noise to supply a nonsilent audio signal to a listener (person) during intervals of silence suppression. The comfort noise information can be sent as a generic RTP comfort noise packet (all coding schemes), or as a silence descriptor frame (SID frame) for the coding schemes that explicitly support voice activity detection. This comfort noise masks the audible clipping effects of activating and deactivating the voice channel. Comfort noise also avoids uncomfortable, total silence that would otherwise be experienced by a listener during periods of silence suppression. Characteristics of the source silence are used to generate the comfort noise, making the silence suppression less noticeable to a listener.

3.5.3

Echo Cancellation
An echo is commonly introduced at the fourwire (PSTN switch) to twowire (local loop) hybrid interface in a circuitswitched network due to impedance mismatch. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway suppresses this echo before it propagates to the IP

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network by implementing an integrated echo canceller that complies with G.168. This echo canceller delivers up to 128 milliseconds of cancellation. See Table 19. Table 19
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Echo Cancellation Supported Description G.168 128 ms

Echo Cancellation Features Standards Supported Maximum Tail Circuit

Echo cancellation can be enabled or disabled for each individual channel; it is desired on a channel when voice is being transmitted, but is often undesirable when a channel is carrying other types of information, like tones, facsimile, or modem traffic. Echo cancellation can be enabled or disabled using the CLI.

3.5.4

Facsimile/Modem Bypass
The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports the G.711 Codec to provide completely transparent transport of fax or modem traffic through the IP network. On channels configured to use low bitrate speech coders, like G.729a/b, the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway monitors the signal in the channel and automatically switches to fax passthrough or modem passthrough mode. when facsimile or modem calls are detected; it also automatically disables silence suppression and echo cancellation for facsimile and modem calls.

3.5.5

Facsimile Relay
The Alcatel A7515 Media Gateway supports fax relay based on T.38 besides fax passthrough. Each channel can support both two fax modes. When in fax relay mode, MG stops encoding and decoding samples from the line as voice. Instead it encodes and decodes fax events according to the selected fax-coding scheme.

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3.6
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Redundancy, Reliability, and Availability

To minimize system downtime and provide carrier class reliability and availability, the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway is designed to support continuous operation (no single point of failure). Operational processes such as software upgrade, fault management, route establishment, and service expansion are optimized to have minimal impact on service availability. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway chassis is designed to support hotswappable, redundant cooling devices., Both System Control Modules are fully redundant and hotswappable, allowing each module to be removed and replaced during operation (without shutting down the gateway). The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway also offers fully redundant software regarding system control, call processing, signaling, and routing. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway Fault Tolerant Application Management (FTAM) software detects internal and external outages, and restores service automatically when possible.

3.6.1

Fault Tolerant Application Management

The FTAM provides fault detection, notification, isolation, and service restoration in the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway. The FTAM is a collection of hardware and software components throughout the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway, comprising microprocessorbased module managers on each module. The FTAM controls system startup, senses hardware status, and measures internal temperatures. FTAM provides fault detection and management for the following failures: Module Failure Chassis Management Module Failure/Redundant Chassis Management Primary System Control Module Failure/Secondary System Control Module failure/Primary System Control Module Switchover Link/Channel Failure RTM Power supply Failure Fan Failure Module above temperature External TDM Clock Source. Application software components register with the FTAM to identify events to be monitored. When a fault is detected, FTAM notifies all applications that have registered for that type of event. The FTAM and the applications then take corrective actions. The FTAM software stored in the primary System Control Module also generates alarms and sends them to the network management system when faults occur.

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3.6.2

Chassis Management Module Process

Within each Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway module, the FTAM uses a broadcasting mechanism to monitor faults and manage backup hardware switchover scenarios to maintain a fault tolerant system. The FTAM receives an initial hello message from the other module during startup, and maintains a list of the reporting modules. A module is assumed to be inactive if the other FTAM do not detect periodic hello messages. For each module, the FTAM sends heartbeat messages by way of the data bus to notify the other component in the gateway that the module is active. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway Two CMMs, one primary and the other secondary, run simultaneously in the gateway to eliminate a single point of failure. During powerup, any module which has the Chassis Management Switch turned on can be selected as the active CMM. By default, the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway selects the lowest board (lowest in slot order) as the primary CMM. The second lowest board is the secondary CMM. This CMM selection process means that the primary CMM runs on the primary System Control Module and the secondary CMM runs on the secondary System Control Module. The FTAM interfaces with the onboard CMM to receive control messages from the primary CMM. If the heartbeat timer for the other module expires, the FTAM assumes that the module with missing heartbeat is not operational. On receiving CMM messages, the FTAM can react by performing one of the following actions:

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Reset Boards Inform module to switch over to an active System Control Module Reroute traffic to redundant ports on the Ethernet interface (using Redundant Port List)

3.6.3

Redundant External Clock

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway can configure a list of external clock sources having different priorities. An external TDM clock source can be used as a system reference clock. The primary System Control Module coordinates with the onboard CMM to determine the two best clock sources, and uses them as the primary and secondary clock sources for the gateway. When a clock source is not available, the primary System Control Module designates and configures the next available clock source. The BITS on both RTMs is fully redundant, if active BITS fails, the standby one can take part in the new reference clock selection based on the priority.

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All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel.

The CMM continuously receives power supply status updates from the clock card. If a power supply unit fails, the CMM determines whether it must power down a module to continue running the gateway. If the CMM is required to power down a module, it sends a powerdown message to the FTAM. The onboard FTAM processes the physical power down of a module; power down starts at the module in the highest slot number.

3.6.4

Redundant Signaling
The Megaco or MGCP signaling link between a softswitch and an Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway is fully redundant. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway terminates either Megaco or MGCP signaling links on the 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet ports of a pair of fully redundant System Control Modules. From the 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet port of the System Control Modules, each Megaco or MGCP signaling connection can leave the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway over the IP network using different physical routes, and terminate on two physically redundant interfaces in the softswitch. This configuration avoids any single point of failure when processing either Megaco or MGCP controlled traffic. An Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway also provides traffic security keep alive measures on the signaling links to monitor communication with the softswitch.

3.6.5

Redundant Data
The data link between IP backbone and an Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway is fully redundant. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway terminates data links on the 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet ports of a pair of fully redundant System Control Modules. From the 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet port of the System Control Modules, each data connection can leave the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway over the IP network using different physical routes. This configuration avoids any single point of failure when processing VOIP data traffic.

Switchover
The control software in an Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway maintains a database of all call termination IDs and call contexts, and includes queues for all messages arriving from the softswitch. But the control software doesnt maintain the database and message queues on the backup System Control Module. If an active System Control Module fails, the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway automatically switches over to the backup System Control Module, which automatically begins to communicate with the softswitch without discarding the active calls

3.7

IP Services
The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway features comprehensive IP routing using a complete IPv4 protocol set, which includes the RIP and OSPF protocols. Extensive packet and route filtering allows maximum control of packet forwarding and network routing topologies.

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3.7.1

Internet Protocols
The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway contains a complete IPv4 protocol stack to provide Layer 3 packet forwarding for IP traffic, and a variety of management services.

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The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports standard addressing techniques, including subnet addressing, Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM), and unnumbered links for dialup and wide area network interfaces. IP packet forwarding strategy and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) are used to make forwarding decisions. IP Local Stack processes all the management and control packets addressed to the system (TCP/UDP/OSPF etc.) itself and delivers them to the corresponding applications upper to IP stack. The following list summarizes the set of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/IP protocols and applications available in an Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway that apply to IP routing support and management. Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Version 4.3 TCP and Telnet UDP for RIP routing protocol support and network management Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) and TFTP for system booting and file transfer.

3.7.2

Routing Information Protocol

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports the RIP and RIP version 2 (RIPv2) in accordance with RFC 1058 and RFC 1388 and RFC2453, respectively. The RIP implementation includes VLSM with RIPv2, import and export filters for RIP updates, poison reverse to prevent routing loops, and default routes.

3.7.3

Open Shortest Path First

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports the OSPF routing protocol in accordance with RFC 1583 and RFC2178 and RFC2328, OSPF Version 2. The OSPF implementation supports the following area types, see Table 20. Table 20 Backbone Area Open Shortest Path First Area Types Supported Description The backbone area provides a transit area for external OSPF routes; these routes can be advertized across the backbone area. Unlike the backbone area, no external OSPF routes can be originated or sent across the stub area. NSSA, in accordance with RFC 1587, lies between the backbone area and the stub area. An external OSPF route cannot be sent across an NSSA area; it can only be originated and advertized within the NSSA area.

Area Type Supported

Stub Area

NotSoStubArea (NSSA)

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All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel.

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway can act as an Area Border Router (ABR) or an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) to support connection to an OSPF routing environment. ABRs support connection to multiple areas in an OSPF domain, and ASBRs provide boundary routing from an OSPF domain to other routing domains, for example to an RIP routing domain. The OSPF protocol calculates the cost of each link available to the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway, and determines the shortest path to reach a destination. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway also supports multiple equal cost forwarding, and can share routing loads between links if several links incur the same cost. Information about link costs and link states is distributed using Link State Advertizement (LSA) messages. To ensure that link information is sent from a valid source, the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports authentication during link updates.

3.8

Domain Name Service

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports Domain Name System (DNS) service to correlate host names with IP addresses, as specified in RFC 1877. IP addresses can be configured for both the primary and secondary DNS servers.

4 OAM&P
This chapter provides information concerning Operations, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning. The following topics are presented: Introduction OnBoard Management Element Management.

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4.1
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Introduction
The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway provides a complete set of system and element management tools, using onboard management modules and an extensive CLI. Onboard management modules include fault, configuration, performance, and security management functions. These modules monitor the functions of the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway and provide statistical or operational data through the CLI software.

4.2

OnBoard Management
The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway onboard management includes fault, configuration, performance, and security management functions. The onboard management set works in conjunction with the element management software to efficiently manage and configure the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway.

4.2.1

Fault Management
Fault management provides detection, isolation, and correction of abnormal operations in an Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway. In addition to reporting functions, fault management provides fault correction, as well as alarm surveillance, in which failures are continuously monitored. Fault localization is performed when the root cause of a failure has been isolated. Section 3.7.1 contains additional information regarding fault management.

Environmental Monitoring and Alarms

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway issues alarms when detecting faults or when thresholds have been exceeded. It clears alarms when fault conditions cease to exist. Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway alarms include environmental and physical alarms, and alarms sent to the softswitch using the Megaco protocol.

Chassis Management
When power is applied to an Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway, both the active System Control Module and the standby System Control Module are powered up simultaneously. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway contains a highlevel chassis management system that operates from the active System Control Module. Information concerning static IP configurations, routing protocol configurations, static routes, and ARP entries are stored in a configuration file in the System Control Module. The active System Control Module is able to reset, reboot, or power down any module except both SCMs since it is power on only if it is inserted into the chassis . In the event of changes or software updates, the System Control Module informs the other module and registered applications about the change in state of a working module. The System Control Module also detects fan or RTM power supply fault indications, and generates appropriate alarms.

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Following is not necessary anymore in 7515 since there is only one type of module, SCM.

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4.2.2

Configuration Management
The configuration database, which is stored in files in the Flash memory of the System Control Module, maintains all Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway configuration information. The configuration database is maintained by a software process called the Configuration Database Manager (CDBM), that runs in the System Control Modules. The CDBM is responsible for collecting, storing, and distributing configuration information inside of an Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway; the CDBM is also able to save and restore the configuration of the entire Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway, or any individual module in the gateway.

Configuration Database Manager

Configuring the system

During powerup, the CDBM stored in the active System Control Module restores the entire Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway configuration; as each module becomes operational, it sends modulespecific configuration information to each module.

Configuration Backup
The CDBM stored in the active System Control Module supports read and write access to the configuration file stored in Flash memory; it also ensures that the CDBM stored in the standby System Control Module synchronizes with the latest configuration at all times. If the active System Control Module fails, the standby System Control Module immediately takes over.

4.2.3

Performance Management
The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway assesses its ability to carry out all activities by continuously collecting and analyzing statistical data related to key functions. Any indication of degrading service is forwarded to the fault management software. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway performance is independently monitored using the CLI. A gateway is able to activate and deactivate its collection of statistical data, and to define the duration of data collection. The resulting performance data is stored and uploaded when required. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway system statistics provide data concerning general performance, see Table 21. Table 21 System Statistics Provided Description Memory Usage, Buffer Usage, CPU load factor ICMP Statistics concerning Packet Interfaces

System Statistics General Statistics Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Statistics

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Protocol (ICMP) Statistics

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The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway monitors operational statistics to determine whether specific functions meet performance requirements, see Table 22. Table 22 Operational Statistics Description Includes DSP configuration, duration, packets sent, octets sent, packets received, octets received, packets lost, jitter, and delay Information on a perDSP port basis on each DSP; includes the number of total calls, lost calls, and failure rate of DSP ports Includes statistics on Megaco v1.0/ H.248 packets sent and received Includes statistics on narrowband and broadband interfaces

Operational Statistics Call Statistics per Connection

DSP statistics

Signaling Statistics Interface Statistics

In addition to monitoring extensive statistical data, the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports a complete set of diagnostic features: SYSLOG on remote host (Unix and Windows platforms) Support for eight SYSLOG message levels (Emergency, Alert, Critical, Error, Warning, Notice, Information, and Debug) Secondary/Backup logserver support Call Trace Features Startup Diagnostic Tests Ondemand Diagnostic Tests.

4.2.4

Security Management
The CLI and Telnet access to the CLI provide direct HumanMachine Interfaces (HMI) to the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway. The security management features of the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway provide operator control over access rights to the HMIs. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway provides local storage of multiple user names and corresponding passwords to protect HMIs and prevent unauthorized access to the gateway. The gateway also monitors all user logins, and controls changes using local storage.

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4.3
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Element Management
The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway can be managed using the textbased CLI. The role of element management is to implement management commands, manage system resources, and perform protection switching and diagnostic testing.

4.3.1

Command Line Interface

The Alcatel 7515 Meida Gateway CLI can be accessed using IP Telnet sessions, or by a local console (connecting a craft terminal to the asynchronous RS232 port in the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway). An RS232 port is used to connect a local console to the System Control Module. Additionally, outofband connections may be established by using modems or terminal servers to establish remote serial connections. The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports a maximum of eight simultaneous logins (using a craft terminal or Telnet) to the CLI. The CLI offers password protection for networkmanagerlevel access, and for system administration. The CLI supports basic IP diagnostic tools, like ping and traceroute. It also supports DNS client services and allows the use of fully qualified domain names.

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Abbreviations
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ABR AC ACO ANSI ARP ASBR BHCA BITS BOOTP BSD CDBM CLI CMM CNG CO CPU CRC CSU CT3 DC DNS DSL DSP ESI ETSI FoIP FQDN FTAM

Area Border Router Alternating Current Alarm Cut Off American National Standards Institute Address Resolution Protocol Automonous System Boundary Router Busy Hour Call Attempts Building Integrated Timing Source Bootstrap Protocol Berkeley Softward Distribution Configuration Database Manager Command Line Interface Chassis Management Module Comfort Noise Generation Central Office Central Processing Unit Cyclic Redundancy Check Channel Select Unit Channelized CT3 Direct Current Domain Name System Digital Subscriber Line Digital Signal Processor Ethernet Switch Interface European Telecommunications Standards Institute Fax over IP Fully Qulified Domain Name Fault Tolerant Application Management

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HMI I/O
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Human-Machine Interface Input/Output Integrated Access Device Internet Control Message Protocol Identification Intermachine Trunks Internet Protocol Internet Procotol Device Control Internet Telephony Service Provider Light Emitting Diode Local Exchange Link State Advertizement Media Access Control Media Gateway Control Protocol Network Equipment Building Standard Next Generation Network Network Time Protocol Not-So-Stub-Arear Operation, Administration, Management and Provisioning Open Shortest Path First Operation Support System Private Branch Exchange Pulse Code Modulation Point of Presence Primary Rate Interface Programmable Read Only Memroy Public Switched Telephon Network Power Supply Unit Request For Comments Routing Information Protocol RIP version 2 Real-Time Transport Protocol System Control Module

IAD ICMP ID IMT IP IPDC ITSP LED LEX LSA MAC MGCP NEBS NGN NTP NSSA OAM&P OSPF OSS PBX PCM PoP PRI PROM PSTN PSU RFC RIP RIP v2 RTP SCM

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SME SOHO SS7

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Small Medium Enterprise Small Office Home Office System Sinaling No.7 Transmission Control Protocol Time Division Multiplex Trivial File Transfer Protocol Type of Service User Datagram Protocol Universal Modem Server Voice Activity Detection Variable Length Subnet Masks Voice over IP Virtual Private Network Wide Area Network Wireless Local Loop

TCP TDM TFTP ToS UDP UMS VAD VLSM VoIP VPN WAN WLL

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Appendix A
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Specifications
Table 23 shows the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway physical specifications Table 23 Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway Physical specifications Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway Specifications Dimensions Height8.8cm3.48 inch Width48.1cm19.0 inch Depth46 cm18.1 inch Weight (Shelf only) Weight (full configured) Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Operating humidity Power Regulatory Compliance 7.5 Kg16.5 lb 12 Kg26.4 lb 0C - 40C32F - 104F -20C - 65C-4F -149F 0 - 80, noncondensing -38V - -57 DC 300 Watt FCC-15Level AFCC-68 UL1950CSN950IEC950CISPR 22CE Mark BellcoreNEBS 3 EN60950,EN55022,EN50082-11997 JATE

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Appendix B
All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel.

Standards
Each of follow tables shows standards supported by the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway. The standards include the following: Bellcore/Telcordia Specifications ITU Standards ANSI/EIA/IEEE Standards MIBs IETF RFC

Bellcore/Telcordia Specifications

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports the following Bellcore specifications Bellcore GR-63-CORE Bellcore GR-253-CORE Bellcore GR-472-CORE Bellcore GR-474-CORE Bellcore GR-1089-CORE Bellcore GR-1244-CORE Bellcore GR-1248-CORE Bellcore GR-1275-CORE Bellcore GR-2914-CORE Bellcore SR-3645 The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports the following Telcordia specifications Telcordia GR-3054-COREVoice over packet, NGN Trunk Gateway Generic Requirements Telcordia GR-3060-COREFramework Generic Requirements Telcordia GR-3070-CORE NGN Element Management System Requirement Telcordia SR-4717Voice over Packet in Next Generation Networks, An Architecture Framework

ITU Standards

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports the following ITU standards: G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces G.704Synchronous frame structures used of 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44736 kbit/s hierarchical levels G.706: Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) procedures relating to basic frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704 G.711Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequences G.729aC source code and test vectors for implementation verification of the G.729 reduced complexity 8 kbit/s CS-ACELP speech coder G.729bThe Voice Activtiy Detector for G.729 and G.729a speech coder G.168Digital network echo canceller

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ANSI/EIA/IEEE Standard

The Alcatel 7515 Meida ANSI/EIA/IEEE standard ANSI T1.231

Gateway

supports

the

following

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Digital Hierarchy Layer 1 In-Service Digital Transmission Performance Monitoring Digital Hierarchy Formats Specifications Standard for carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications 100BaseT Fast Ethernet System

ANSI T1.107 IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.3u

MIBs

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports the following standard MIBs RFC1155 RFC1156 Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets Management and Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets Simple Network Management Protocol Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets Conversion for defining traps for use with SNMP OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base Definitions of Managed Objects for the DS1 and E1 Interface Type RIP Version 2 MIB Extension

RFC1157 RFC1213 RFC1215 RFC1253 RFC1406 RFC1724

IETF RFCs

The Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway supports the following IETF RFC: RFC 768 RFC 791 RFC 792 RFC 793 User Diagram Prtocol (UDP) Internet protocol (IP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

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RFC 826

Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol: Or converting networking protocol addresses to 48 bit Ethernet address for transmission on Ethernet hardware Telnet Protocol specifications Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure Bootstrap Protocol Domain names concepts and facilities Routing Information Protocol Host extensions for IP multicasting Requirements for Internet hosts communication layers Simple Network Management Protocol Network Time Protocol (Version 4) Specification, Implementation Supernetting: an Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy TFTP Protocol (Revision 2) RIP Version 2 Carrying Additional Information Classless Inter-Domain Routing Open Shortest Path First Protocol, Version 2 OSPF NSSA Option Internet Official Protocol Standards Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers RTPA Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications OSPF Version 2 Assured Forwarding PHB Group An Expedited Forwarding PHB Media Gateway Protocol (MGCP) RTP Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals Megaco Protocol version 1

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RFC 854 RFC 950 RFC 951 RFC 1034 RFC 1058 RFC 1112 RFC 1122 RFC1157 RFC 1305 RFC 1338 RFC 1350 RFC 1388 RFC 1519 RFC 1583 RFC 1587 RFC 1780 RFC 1812 RFC 1889 RFC 2328 RFC 2597 RFC 2598 RFC 2705 RFC 2833 RFC 3015

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Appendix C Product List

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Modules

Table 24 lists product numbers for all the hardware modules available with the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway

Table 24 Product Numbers for Hardware Modules

Product Number
FM-SPM-C5(Main board) FM-8-E1-2-FE(RTM)

Forwarding Module
Forwarding System Process Module C5 Processor PSTN Interface w/8E1 and Packet Interface w/2 10/100mbps routed Fast Ethernet ports PSTN Interface w/8T1 and Packet Interface w/2 10/100mbps routed Fast Ethernet ports Universal DSP Module 240 channels Universal DSP Module 480 channels

FM-8-T1-2-FE(RTM)

PM-UMS-240(VPM) PM-UMS-480(VPM)

Equipment and Spares

Table 25 lists product numbers for all the Alcatel 7505 Media Gateway equipments and spares

Table 25 Product Numbers for Equipment and Spares

Product Numbers
CE-SHF-7515 CE-FAN-Front-Left CE-FAN-Front-Right CE-FAN-Rear CE-PSU-DC

Common spares

Equipment

and

2U A7515 Shelf (Including chassis, mid-plane) Front-Left FAN Tray Front-Right FAN Tray Rear FAN Tray DC Power Tray, 48V, 10A

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Cables and Accessory

Table 26 lists the part numbers of the cables and accessory kits available with the Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway

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Table 26 Part Numbers of Cables and Accessory Kits

Product Number
CE-CAB-E1/T1 CE-CAB-FE

Cable and Accessory Kits

Cable to connect to E1/T1 port of the FM-8-E1-2-FE(or FM-8-T1-2-FE), 8M Cable to connect to 10/100Mbps Fast Ethernet port of the FM-8-E1-2-FE(or FM-8-T1-2-FE), 6M Cable to connect to Craft Serial port(RJ45) of the FM-8-E1-2-FE(or FM-8-T1-2-FE) Cable to connect to external clock input interface(2.048MHz/1.544MHz) of the FM-8-E1-2-FE(or FM-8-T1-2-FE) Cable to connect to external clock input interface(2.048Mbps/1.544Mbps) of the FM-8-E1-2-FE(or FM-8-T1-2-FE) Power Cable Impedance Converter for 75 Ohm and 120 Ohm

CE-CAB-CS

CE-CAB-BITS/SSU

CE-CAB-BITS/SSU-2

CE-CAB-PW CE-CAK-IC

Software

Table 27 lists the part numbers of the software available with Alcatel 7515 Media Gateway

Table 27 Part Number of Software

Product Number
SW-GSW-REL2.0B SW-GSW-REL2.0F SW-GEM-REL2.0

Software
A7515 R2.0 Basic Software Package MegaCo/H.248 v1 Trunking A7515 R2.0 Advanced Feature Package SIGTRAN IUA, T.38 for Megaco, etc A552x Gateway Element Manager

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Obtaining
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Documentation

Use the following contact information to order documentation: Alcatel Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Fix Network Department 388#, Ningqiao Road, Pudong Jinqiao 201206 Shanghai PR.China Phone86-21-58541240-9521 Facsimile86-21-58342941 Emailshendong.qian@alcatel-sbell.com.cn

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