IEC 60034 - Electric Motor Standards

Minimum Energy Performance Standards what do they mean to you?

Helge Vandel Jensen
Confidential / Property of Danfoss Drives A/S

Introduction
New standards have been developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that will effect the sales of high efficiency motors across the globe. Motor technology has advanced significantly over the last few decades. We will see more and more high-tech, highend energy efficient motors ready to contribute to lower greenhouse gases and direct the market towards energy optimised applications. IEC has worked together with NEMA, CEMEP, JEMA, IEEE and many other international organizations to harmonize testing standards, efficiency classes and subsequent labels necessary to recognize high efficient products in the market.
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Motor Energy Efficiency Today

Motors used worldwide today in industry can be much more energy efficient. For example, in European Industry, motors consume 70% of electricity. Equal to 1,067,000,000,000 kWh annually. Causing 427,000,000 tons of CO2 emissions. New IEC standards will help enable a potential savings of 20 30% via the use of frequency converters. Possible savings in 2020 for the EU alone:

135,000,000,000 kWh

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EU Directive 2005/32/EG
The EU directive 2005/32/EG Eco-Design Requirements for Energy Using Products (EuP), approved by member states in March 2009, was instrumental in the development of the new International standards from the IEC. The Directive outlined a group of products: Lot 11 - Electric motors (0.75-375 kW) as the focus for new motor efficiency standards. Lot 11: Electric motors (0.75-375 kW) defines Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards (MEPS) for motors in the range:
Nominal Voltage (UN) to 1000V Nominal Output Power (PN) 0.75 - 375 kW Either 2, 4 or 6 poles Continuous duty operation (S1) or intermittent duty operation of greater than 80% (S3) Capable of operating directly on-line.

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Lot 11: Electric Motors (0.75-375 kW)

The Lot 11 criteria are based on the understanding that AC, three-phase induction motors over 0.75kW constitute the large majority of motors sold worldwide.

Allocation of the saving potential by installed motors in the industrial sector. (Installed capacity multiplied by the average efficiency improvement)
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Harmonization of Standards
To enable recognition of high efficient products in the market place, IEC has worked together with NEMA, CEMEP, JEMA, IEEE and many other organizations to harmonize:

1. Testing Standards 2. Efficiency Classes 3. Labels

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International Standards and Regulatory Bodies.

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IEC Standards
There are two main standards developed by IEC that from 2009 dominate energy efficiency classification of motors worldwide.

IEC 60034-30:2008

IEC 60034-2-1:2007

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IEC 60034-30:2008
This standard defines global energy efficiency classes for single-speed, three phase, 50Hz and 60Hz, cage induction motors. The defined IE classes are:
IE 1 = Standard Efficiency IE 2 = High Efficiency IE 3 = Premium Efficiency IE 4* = Super Premium Efficiency

IE4 defines products that are not commercially available yet and may not include AC induction motor design.

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IEC 60034-2-1:2007
This standard outlines methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests with more accuracy than before. For example the eff1, eff2 and eff3 classification as defined by IEC 60034-2:1996 through an agreement between the EU and CEMEP, measured values that compared to the new standard are:
~ 2-3% different for motors up to approx. 10 kW ~ 1% different for motors up to approx. 100 kW

Note:
CEMEP = European Committee of Manufacturers of Electrical Machines and Power Electronics. http://www.cemep.org IEC 60034-2:1996 defined older methods used for over 100 years for determining motor efficiency and will become obsolete in Nov. 2010.
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Future Nameplate Data

In future with the new standards, we will see motor labels with data such as:

For example: IE3 94.5 %

Indicating the efficiency class and motor efficiency, tested according to IEC 60034-2-1 at nominal load. This will be printed by the manufacturer on the motor nameplate as shown in the example and is to be stated in the written product documentation and catalogues. It will also be recommended to report the efficiencies at 50 % and 75 % nominal load in the product documentation as these will be required to calculate the energy demand when the motor is operated in part load.

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Efficiency Calculations
Efficiency can be easily measured by measuring electrical input power and mechanical output power and comparing the two. In induction motors there are five main sources for losses:
Stator and rotor winding losses Mechanical losses due to friction and ventilation. Iron hysteresis and eddy currents Parasitic currents in the stator and rotor iron lamination, housing, shaft and end shields.

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Efficiency Calculations
There is no straightforward way to measure all losses. Generally, total losses are most accurately defined by measuring all sources independently under load and no-load conditions. More than 20 different test facilities from manufactures and independent laboratories from around the world have been used to optimise the test procedures within IEC 60034-2-1. These tests will be revised over time.

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Electric Motors - Efficiency (4-pole 50Hz)

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Comparison of eff to IE.

Calculation of efficiency of the IE classes is according to IEC 60034-2-1:2007. Permissible values of the IE classes were adjusted according to the older eff classes. Example: a 4-pole motor with 2,2 kW eff1 (=86,4%) is comparable with IE2 (=85,3%) IE classes via the new standards have been offered from the beginning of 2009. The older efficiency class eff will still be valid, but will lose importance.

IEC 60034-30 IE1 (Standard Efficiency) IE2 (High Efficiency) IE3 (Premium Efficiency) IE4* (Super Premium)

eff classes Comparable eff2 Comparable eff1 10-15% better than IE 2 -

* IE4 defines products that are not commercially available yet and may not include AC induction motor design.

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MEPS according to EU directive 2005/32/EG

MEPS =Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards, that are incorporated by the IEC standards.

From 16.06.2011 From 01.01.2015 From 01.01.2017

0.75 375 kW

IE2 IE3 Or IE2 + VSD IE3 Or IE2 + VSD

7.5 375 kW

0.75 375 kW

Note: Branch organisations and private companies were able to influence the development of the EU Directive by proving that VSDs can greater increase application efficiency than by improving motor technology alone.

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Implemented Minimum Efficiency Standard by Region.

Energy Classes Europe USA Canada Australia New Zealand Brazil China Korea Applied

IE1 Applied

IE2

IE2 + VSD

IE3

Planned from 2011 Applied Applied Applied Applied Applied from 2009 Planned from 2011 >45 kW Applied <45 kW planned from 2010

Planned from 2015 Planned from 2010/11 Planned from 2010/11

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