=
t
H
where:
Vt: is the tangential velocity
of the blade
(V1 - V2): is the change in
) ( .
2 1
V V V H
t t
=
( ) g
the rotational component of the
absolute velocity (whirl
velocity).
Lec17_4
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Typical Characteristic Curve for an axial fan
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Example of a set of characteristic curves for an axial
fan with variable blade angle
Lec17_6
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Theoretical pressure volume characteristic curves for
centrifugal fans
Lec17_7
Power-Volume theoretical characteristics
Lec17_8
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Departure of centrifugal fan
performance from the theoretical
Lec17_9
Departure of centrifugal fan
performance from the theoretical
Lec17_10
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Departure of centrifugal fan
performance from the theoretical
Lec17_11
characteristic curves
fan performance in
terms of the
principal operating
variables:
Head
Quantity
Power
Efficiency
Lec17_12
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Example 1
Given an axial-flow fan operating under the
following conditions:
Hs = 3.84 in. (956 Pa)
D = 6 ft (1.83 m)
Q = 140,000 cfm (66.07 m3/s)
n = 1750 rpm
Pm = 140 bhp (104.4 kW)
g = 0 075 lb/ft3 (1 20 kg/m3) g = 0.075 lb/ft3 (1.20 kg/m3)
Calculate fan H
t
,
s
, and
Lec17_13
Fan Laws
The behavior of a fan under changing head-
quantity conditions is predictable from its
characteristic curves.
However, there are certain variables other
than the flow and resistance of the system
that exert a considerable effect on fan
performance p
as measured by fan head, quantity, power,
and efficiency
Lec17_14
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Fan Laws
Fan Size D (m)
Fan Speed N (revs per second) Fan Speed N (revs per second)
Air Density r (kg/m)
Air Viscosity (N.s/m)
Assign every physical property, its equivalent
fundamental units
Length = L
Time = T
Mass= M
Lec17_15
Fan Laws
By dimensional analysis it can be demonstrated
that for a series of geometrically similar fans
(homologous series) and for a particular point of (homologous series), and for a particular point of
operation on the head-quantity characteristic, the
following relationships are valid:
Quantity:
Q = k
q
nD
3
or Q nD
3
Head:
H k
2
D
2
H
2
D
2
H = k
h
n
2
D
2
r or H n
2
D
2
Power:
P
m
= k
p
n
3
D
5
r or P
m
n
3
D
5
Lec17_16
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Fan Laws Summary
Variance in Law 1 Law 2 Law 3 Variance in
Performance
Characteristics
Law 1
With speed change, n
(D and constant)
Law 2
With Size change, D
( and D.n constant)
Law 3
With Density change,
(n and D constant)
Quantity, Q
Head, H
s
or H
t
Power, P
a
or P
m
Effi i
Directly
As square
As cube
C t t
As square
Constant
As square
C t t
Constant
Directly
Directly
C t t Efficiency, Constant Constant Constant
Lec17_17
Example 2- Speed Change
Given the fan characteristic curves at
present speed n = 800 rpm, plot the
characteristic at new speed n
2
= 1600 rpm.
Lec17_18
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Example 2- Speed Change
Lec17_19
Example 3 Size Change
Given the fan curves of for size D
1
= 48 in.
(1.22 m) at n
1
= 800 rpm, plot the
1
characteristics for a similar fan of size D
2
=
84 in. (2.13 m), and find n
2
if the tip speed
is constant.
Lec17_20
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Example 3 Size Change
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Example 4- Density Change
Given the fan curves for density
1
= 0.050
lb/ft
3
(0.80 kg/m
3
), plot the characteristics
at new density
2
= 0.075 lb/ft
3
(1.20
kg/m
3
).
Lec17_22
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Example 4 Density Change
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Example 5
Compare the head of two similar fans with
size D1 = 3.5m and fan speed of 250 rpm
and D2 = 5m and the fan speed of 200 rpm.
Lec17_24
University of Alberta
MINE 407 Mine Ventilation
Hooman Askari
Example 6
Given the fan head of 75 mm water and the
fan speed of 100 rpm calculate the fan head
if the speed increases to 120 rpm?
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