Math concept #11

Functions, y = f(x)
First, a little review regarding graph translations (the same shape graph in a different position on the coordinate plane). Given a function f(x), horizontal and vertical shifts (translations which we will call g(x)) are represented by the following in which h and k are positive real numbers: Vertical shift of k units upward: g(x) = f(x) + k Vertical shift of k units downward: g(x) = f(x) - k Horizontal shift of h units to the right: g(x) = f(x - h) Horizontal shift of h units to the left: g(x) = f(x + h) Vertical shift of k units upward along with a horizontal shift of h units to the right: Vertical shift of k units upward along with a horizontal shift of h units to the left: Vertical shift of k units downward along with a horizontal shift of h units to the right: Vertical shift of k units downward along with a horizontal shift of h units to the left: g(x) = f(x - h) + k g(x) = f(x + h) + k g(x) = f(x - h) - k g(x) = f(x + h) - k

For example, if f(x) = x2, and g(x) = (x - 2)2 + 4, then g(x) is a translation of f(x) shifting f(x) two units to the right and four units upward. Example 1: The function graphed on the left below is defined as f(x) = x2. The graph on the right is a function defined as g(x) = f(x + h) + k, where h and k are constants. What is the value of h + k? y
6 4 2 -6 -4 -2 0 -2 -4 -6 2 4 6 6 4 2

-6

-4

-2

0 -2 -4 -6

(a) -2 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 4 (e) 7

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Example 2: The graph of Y = f(x) is shown to the right. Which of the following could be the graph of Y = f(x - h) + k if h and k are positive constants. (a) (b) (c)

Y = f(x)

(d)

(e)

Example 3: If the function h is defined by h(x) = ax 2 + bx + c, and a and c are positive, which of the five graphs in the answer choices for example 2 could be the graph of h . Example 4: The figure below shows the graph of y = f(x) . If the function g is defined by g(x) = f(4x) + 2, what is the value of g(1). (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 4 5 6 7 8
-6 -4 -2

y
6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 2 4 6

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140

Example 5: The graph to the right shows the graph of a quadratic function f whose minimum value is f(-2). If f(t) = f(-6) = 0, which of the following could be the value of t? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) -8 -4 -2 0 2
-1

The following are student-produced response questions. You will enter your answer by marking the ovals in a grid like the one below. Example 6: If h (x) = x 2 + 48, and a is positive number such that h (3a) = 3 h (a), what is the value of a? Example 7: If f (x) = (x 2/9) - 8, and f (6a) = 4a, what is one possible value of a?
1
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2 5
.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Example 8: If f (x) = x - 3 , and 2 f ( m ) = 4, what is the value of m ?

8 9

Example 9: After production the total profit p , in dollars, from selling q basketballs is given by the function p (q) = 10q - (3q + h ), where h is a constant. If 200 basketballs were sold in March for a total profit of $1,150, what is the value of h ?

Answers 1. a

2. e

3. b

4. b

5. e

6. 4

7. -1 or 2

8. 25

9. 250

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