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Honors Chemistry

Name Heidi Kwan Period _3_ Date ______/______/______


U n i t 3 : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s

Single Replacement Reactions Lab


Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to determine which metals are most reactive and to create an order from most reactive to least reactive. Part I: Reactions with Aqueous Solutions Materials: Metals: Copper Lead Zinc Magnesium Silver Calcium

Solutions: Copper (II) sulfate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate Zinc sulfate Magnesium nitrate

Procedures 1. Using a well plate and the chemical given, determine which reactions will occur between the metals and the solutions. 2. Add to each of the wells a small piece of the appropriate metal which has first been cleaned with sand paper. Note: Your teacher will provide the calcium when you are ready for it. 3. Create a data table to record your observations of before and after reactions. 4. Observe and record any evidence of a replacement reaction (i.e. a thin coating appears on the surface of the metal) occurring each of the test tubes. If no change is visible within five minutes, record this as no reaction

Cu (copper) AgNo3 (Silver Nitrate) change color, got moldy, new solution formed no change no change no change

Zn (Zinc) got darker, new dark silver solid forms no change got darker, solid forming no change

Pb (lead) White solid formed on top of the lead no change got darker solid forms no change

Ag (Silver) no change

Mg (Magnesium) Reaction occurred and solid forming around Mg bubbles darkened a lot No change

ZnSO4 (Zinc Sulfate) Lead (II) Nitrate Mg (NO3)2 (Magnesium Nitrate) CuSO4 (Copper Sulfate)

no change no change no change

No change

got darker, bubbling

no change

no change

bubbling and darker

6. Write net ionic equations for all the reactions that occurred (highlighting the ones that were supposed to occur that you may not have observed) 7. For each of the reactions, determine which substances has been oxidized and which one has been reduced as well as which is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent.

Copper (II) Sulfate + Zinc Metal: Net Ionic Equation: Cu2+(aq)+ Zn (s)= Zn2+(aq)+ Cu(s) Oxidized: Zn Reduced: Cu2+ Oxidizing Agent: Cu2+ Reducing Agent: Zn Copper (II) Sulfate + Magnesium Metal: Net Ionic Equation: Cu2+(aq)+ Mg(s)= Mg2+(aq)+ Cu(s) Oxidized: Zn Reduced: Cu2+

Oxidizing Agent: Cu2+ Reducing Agent: Zn Silver Nitrate + lead: Net Ionic Equation: 2Ag+(aq)+ Pb(s) = Pb2+(aq)+ 2Ag(s) Oxidized: Pb Reduced: 2Ag+ Oxidizing Agent: 2Ag+ Reducing Agent: Pb Silver Nitrate + Zinc Metal: Net Ionic Equation : 2Ag+(aq)+ Zn(s) = Zn2+(aq) 2+ Ag(s) Oxidized: Zn Reduced: 2Ag+ Oxidizing Agent: 2Ag+ Reducing Agent: Zn Silver Nitrate + Magnesium Metal: Net Ionic Equation : 2Ag+(aq)+ Mg(s) = Mg2+(aq)+ 2Ag(s) Oxidized: Mg Reduced: 2Ag+ Oxidizing Agent: 2Ag+ Reducing Agent: Mg Lead (II) Nitrate + Zinc Metal: Net Ionic Equation: Pb2+(aq)+ Zn(s) Zn2+(aq)+ Pb(s) Oxidized: Zn Reduced: Pb2+ Oxidizing Agent: Pb2+ Reducing Agent: Zn Lead (II) Nitrate + Magnesium Metal: Net Ionic Equation: Pb2+(aq)+ Mg (s) Mg2+(aq)+ Pb(s) Oxidized: Mg Reduced: Pb2+ Oxidizing Agent: Pb2+ Reducing Agent: Mg Zinc Sulfate + Magnesium Metal: Net Ionic Equation: Zn2+(aq)+ Mg(s) Mg2+(aq)+ Zn (s). Oxidized: Mg Reduced: Zn 2+ Oxidizing Agent: Zn 2+ Reducing Agent: Mg Magnesium Nitrate + Lead Metal:

Net Ionic Equation: Mg2+(aq)+ Pb(s) Pb2+(aq)+ Mg(s) Oxidized: Pb Reduced: Mg 2+ Oxidizing Agent: Mg 2+ Reducing Agent: Pb REACTION EXPLANATION: Zn + AgNo3 (Zinc + Silver Nitrate) A reaction occurred when zinc metal was placed in a silver nitrate solution. This reaction is a single placement reaction and it took place because Zinc is higher on the reactivity chart that Silver is, thus it will take Silver's place and bond with Nitrate (NO3) kicking Silver out. This explains why a silver solid started to form when zinc metal was placed in silver nitrate solution Net Ionic Equation: 2Ag+(aq)+ Zn(s) = Zn2+(aq) 2+ Ag(s) Oxidized: Zn Reduced: 2Ag+ Oxidizing Agent: 2Ag+ Reducing Agent: Zn NO REACTION EXPLANATION: Ag + ZnSO4 (Silver + Zinc Phosphate) No reaction occurred when silver metal was placed in a zinc phosphate solution. No reaction occurred because for a single replacement reaction silver has to be more reactive than zinc for it to be able to replace it and bond with phosphate. On the reactivity chart silver is more reactive than zinc thus no reaction occurs.
8. A metal was found in the lab that was missing its labeling tape. In order to determine the identity of the metal several reactions were performed. When the metal was placed in hydrochloric acid, it bubbled. No reaction was noticed when placed in a solution of calcium nitrate. A reaction was observed when placed in a solution of zinc chloride. What could the metal possibly be? What further test could you run to determine the identity of the metal? What we know: ?(s) + HCl(aq)= bubbled (reaction occurred thus ? metal is more reactive than hydrogen) ?(s) + CaNO3(aq)= no reaction ( ? metal is less reactive than calcium) ?(s) + ZnCl2(aq)= reaction (? Metal is more reactive than zinc) Possibilities are: Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Now to further test what the mystery metal is we can place the mystery metal with sodium nitrate solution, magnesium nitrate solution, and aluminum nitrate solution. Depending on which ones the mystery metal reacts with we can figure out what metal it is. If it is Sodium than it will react with both Magnesium nitrate and Aluminum nitrate If it is Magnesium than it will react with only Aluminum nitrate If it is Aluminum than it will not react with any of them. Conclusion: A statement about the activity series you discovered. Metals may or may not react with certain

aqueous solutions. Whether it reacts or not all depends on whether the metal is more reactive than the cation in the solution.
https://docs.google.com/a/hkis.edu.hk/document/d/1MqAhXDVvyYbsGvl3rWRCN-yHaRV3DFJJjSlH0DQf54s/edit

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