Ubiquitous City Historical Mapping and Its Characteristics

SungSu Jo1, YounTaik Leem2, SangHo Lee3

1

Master(s) Course, Dept. of Urban Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 DongsuhBlvd, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-719 Korea, Josungsu85@hanmail.net 2 Associate Prof. Dept. of Urban Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 DongsuhBlvd, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-719 Korea, ytleem@hanbat.ac.kr 3 Prof. Dept. of Urban Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongsuh-Blvd, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-719 Korea, lshsw@hanbat.ac.kr

ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the characteristics of U-City evolution. The characteristics of U-City evolution were analyzed by creating the evolutionary map in multi-layered U-City such as Service, Technology, Infrastructure, Management. As a result, first, the U-City service were evolved from administration informatization, enterprise informatization, space informatization, region informatization, life informatization, administration and space information convergence to intelligence facilities and space service. Second, the U-City technology were changed through telephone and mobile phone, internet, internet and mobile phone convergence, wireless internet, cloud computing and facilities and space convergence. Third, the U-City infrastructure have had evolutionary process such as computer network, national administration network, BCN and intelligence and space infrastructure. Forth, the U-City management were carried out with making law and system, control management, participation and information security management. Keywords: Multi-Layered U-City, Evolutionary Characteristics, Service, Technology, Infrastructure, Management

1. Introduction 1-1 Background and Objectives As to the development of ICTs(Information Communication and Technologies), to utilize ICTs on the propelling power of next generation. Korea government was promoting systematic informatization projects such as Cyber KOREA, e-KOREA, Broadband IT Korea, u-KOREA(Ha, Kim, Choi, 2002). After the 1990s, the concept of ubiquitous city was characterized in terms of managemented perspectives on the administration informatization and regional informatization(Lee, 2012). The new towns were established USP(Ubiquitous Strategy Planning) made for ubiquitous city. But, evaluation research of U-City history almost hasn't been. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristics of U-City evolution.

Characteristics of U-City evolution is service and, technology, infrastructure, management. Evolution characteristics were analyzed in terms of Informatization policy in national informatization white paper. This study can be utilized to establish informatization policy in developing countries.

2. Scope and Methodology.

This study analyzed the U-City evolution characteristics which from 1970s to now in Korea. The method of this study: first, U-City concept that previous studies were investigated. This study was different from existing studies in terms of Multi-Layered U-City concept. Second, analyzed model was Multi-Layered U-City architecture such as service, technology, infrastructure, management. The analysis data is have a National Informatization White Paper about Ministry of Public Administration and Security from 2000 to 2011. Third, evolution map of U-City was made to deduction on characteristics. Also, evolution characteristics of U-City was analyzed to Multi-Layered U-City from architecture about evolutionmap.

2. Existing Study

U-city concept has been variously defined by scholars. Most of the U-city concept is based on the information and communication technology. Definition of U-City is a compound such as Ubiquitous and City. U-City concept can be seen as the first attempt in the Korea. U-City concept of foreign country was Information City', 'Telecity', 'Intelligent City', 'Invisible City', Teletopia', 'Digital City. But, they are different of Korea U-City concept. Presented in the previous studies, is defined as follows: U-City. Kim(2006), defined of U-City : U-City is sustainable city based on Ubiquitous Computing and Information Communication Technologies became convergence of urban space. Lee(2005), defined of U-City : U-City is a convergence city / which State-of-the-art information and communication technologies infrastructure ubiquitous Information Service to urban space. Kim(2007), defined of U-City : U-City is a high-tech city of the future which applies to the components of the city services, infrastructure and, technology. The concept of U-City has had evolutionary process such as information city, ICTs U-City, space-centered U-City and, Multi-Layered U-City. Concept of Multi-Layered U-City has integrated U-City by system which service, technology, infrastructure and, management. U-City concept of existing was an abstract. On the other hand, Multi-Layered U-City was comprehensive to U-City concept of existing. And, it focused on the spatial elements and functional integrity.

data : Lee, Leem(2008)

figure 1. Concept of Multi-Layered U-City

3. Analysis Model and Data

1. Analysis Model

This study analyzed model was architecture of Multi-Layered U-City. Classification standard is service, technology, infrastructure, management. These were classified by 4 main categories, 16 middle categories and, sub-categories. U-City services is Living, Working, Playing and, Moving service. U-City technology is Sensing, network, interface, processing, security. U-City infrastructure is Built Ubiquitous Computing Infrastructure and Movable Ubiquitous Computing Infrastructure. U-City management is infra, information platform, law and organization, governance.

Table 1. Classification standard to Multi-Layered U-City

Main-Category Liveing Service Working Playing Moving Sensing Network Interface Processing Security BUCI MUCI Infra Information Platform AdministrationFinance governance Sub-Category Residential, Education, Environment, Health/Welfare Commerce, Business, Manufacture, Administration Support Culture, Tourist Transportation, Distribution General Sensing, Situation Perception BcN Codec Tech, Display Processing Soft Ware, Middleware Password/Certification, Information Management, Hacking Intelligent Building / Facility, ICTs Infrastructure, Integrated Information Center Device, Robot, Transfer Mechanism Intelligent Facility, Network Management Information Linking Integrated / System Management Management Operation Organization / Funding Citizen Participation, Governance

Technology

Infrastructure

Management

data : Lee, Leem(2010), reconfiguration

2. Data

The analysis data is have a National Informatization White Paper about Ministry of Public Administration and Security from 2000 to 2011. A National Informatization White Paper is shown to process of informatization evolution in terms of National Informatization Policy.
Table 2. The present condition service, technology, infrastructure, management
Former ~ 1970s 1971s ~ 1980s 1981s ~ 1990s service Administration Informatization Service Enterprise Informatization Service technology infrastructure Supply of Computer Master Plan for Computerization of Public Administration Establish of National Information Society Agency, Computer Network Extension and Utilize Promotion Law Establish of Ministry of Information and Communication, Establish of Regional Information Center, Internet Utilize Vitalization Measure, Broadband Information Communication Comprehensive Plan, Establish of Korea Information Security Agency, Cyber KOREA management

Mobile Phone Service, Domain Name Service Internet Common Use Service, Government Agencies Web, Statistics Information Service, Medical Information Service, Digital Mobile Phone Service, Broadband Internet Service, Government Civil Appeal Service, Regional Administration Synthetic Information Service, Wireless Internet Service, Wireless Cable TV Service Mobile Phone Streaming Service, Digital Satellite DMB Service, e-Gov Service, Videophone Service, Satellite and Terrestrial DMB Service, Electron Tag Commodity, Management Service, Mobile Civil Appeal Proof Service, Wireless Broadband Service, HighSpeed Downlink Packet Access Service, Internet Phone Service, Live IPTV Service, ITS Service, U-Transportation Service Administration Space Information, Convergence Service

Mobile Phone, IPv4

Master Plan for National Backbone Network Project(1st)

1991s ~ 2000s

ISDN, CDMA, IPv6, WiFi, ADSL

Master Plan for National Backbone Network Project(2st), Administration Synthetic Information Network, Broadband information communication Network, Regional Information Network, ITS Network, WiFi Network, ADSL Network

2001s ~ 2010s

RFID, WCDMA, Satellite and Terrestrial DMB, WiBro, USN, VDSL, BcN, 3G, Cloud Computing, Smart Phone, Augmented Reality

VDSL Network, Ubiquitous Sensor Network, BcN Network, Intelligence Communication Network, Medical Information Network, Smart Phone, Integrate Information Center, WiFi Network

Personal Information Protection Law, e-KOREA, Broadband IT KOREA, Informatization Demonstration Town, Plan for Information Protection Long Term Roadmap, u-KOREA, U-City Law, Comprehensive Plan for Wireless Internet Vitalization, U-Eco City R&D

2011s ~ since

4G

Intelligent Space Infrastructure

Smart e-Government, Smart Mobile Security Synthetic Measure, Personal Information Protection Law, U-City world forum

data : national informatization white paper(2011), reconfiguration

. Evolution Characteristics of U-City

Characteristics of U-City evolution were analyzed by national informatization white paper. Also, Evolution characteristics were classified to Multi-Layered U-City standard from 1960 to 2010. And, Evolution map was made for times. Evolution map was drawn years in X-axis and service, technology, infrastructure, management in Y-axis. After, intended to map was clustering and grouping through similar content.

As a result of U-City evolution characteristics analyzed, the U-City service were evolved from administration informatization, enterprise informatization, space informatization, region informatization, life informatization, administration and space information convergence to intelligence facilities and space service. The U-City technology were changed through telephone and mobile phone, internet, internet and mobile phone convergence, wireless internet, cloud computing and facilities and space convergence. The U-City infrastructure have had evolutionary process such as computer network, national administration network, BCN and intelligence and space infrastructure. The U-City management were carried out with making law and system, control management, participation and information security management. Therefore, U-City has evolved such as Government Computerization, Computer Oriented Society, Information City and, Ubiquitous City.

. Conclusion

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of U-City evolution in terms of service, technology, infrastructure and, management. Concept of U-City consists of service, technology, infrastructure, management in multilayered. As a result, first, the U-City service were evolved from administration informatization, enterprise informatization, space
informatization, region informatization, life informatization, administration and space information convergence to intelligence facilities and space service.

Second, the U-City technology were changed through telephone and mobile phone, internet, internet and mobile phone convergence, wireless internet, cloud computing and facilities and space convergence. Third, the U-City infrastructure have had evolutionary process such as computer network, national administration network, BCN and intelligence and space infrastructure. Forth, the U-City management were carried out with making law and system, control management, participation and information security management. Therefore, history of U-City has evolved such as Government Computerization, Computer Oriented Society, Information City and, Ubiquitous City. Future research is to evolution characteristics materialization to analyzed correlation of service, technology, infrastructure, management.

REFERENCES Audirac, I. (2005) Information Technology And Urban form: Challenges To Smart Growth. International regional Science Review,28(2), 119-145 Cohen-Blankshtain G. et al. (2004) Modeling ICT Perceptions and Views of urban Front-liners, Urban Studies, 41(13): 2647-2667 Congress for the new Urbanism (1999) Charter of the New Urbanism. McGraw-Hill, NY. Curwell, Steve, & Hamilton, Andy (2003) Intelcity: Intelcity roadmap-Version 4. EU Information Society Technologies(IST) Programme. Garde, A M. (2004) New urbanism as sustainable growth? A supply side story and its implications for public policy, journal of Planning Education and Research, 24: 154-170. Lee, Sang Ho. Jung Hoon Han, Youn Taik Leem and Tan Yigitcanlar (2008), Towards ubiquitous city: concept, planning, and experiences in the Republic of Korea, in Tan Yigitcanlar, Koray Velibeyoglu and Scott Baum(eds.) Knowledge-based Urban Development: Planning and Applications in the Information Era, PP. 148-169. IGI Global, Hershey, PA Pietsch, I. J. (2006), Ubiquitous city in Europe: Sustainability, Urbanity and Knowledge Snapshots of a Day of Prof. Lucky Valley, 2006 International Symposium for the Realization of Ubiquitous City. (pp.27-34), HURI, Korea. Tan Yigitcanlar, Jung Hoon Han, Sang Ho Lee (2008), Online Environmental Information System, in Adam, F. and P. Humphreys(eds), Encylopedia of Decision Making and Decision Support Technologies, IGI Global, Hershey, PA Urban Task force (1999), Towards an Urban Renaissance. London, Spon Press. Weiser, M. (1991), The computer for the Twenty-First century. Scentific American, 1991(Sep.), 94-100. Weiser, M.(1993), Some Computer Science Problems in Ubiquitous Computing, Communications of the ACM 1993, July 1993.(reprinted as Ubiquitous Computing. Nikkei Electronics December 6: pp. 137-143).