1) Range: The range of a set of numbers is found by computing the difference between the highest score and the

lowest score. For example, the range of the following set of data: 34 ! "1 ## $$ %" 1 "% 44 #4 &&

is 99 - 15 = 84 %) Median: The median is the middle 'alue of a set of numbers when the numbers are arranged in either ascending or descending order. The median separates the data into two e(ual hal'es) !* of the numbers are below the median, !* of the numbers are abo'e the median. +f there is an e'en number of 'alues, the median is the mean of the two middle 'alues. For example, consider the set of numbers we used abo'e in the range example. First, arrange them in order: 1 %" 34 44 ! "1 "% #4 ## && $$

,ow, find the middle 'alue. -ne simple way is .ust to start counting at both ends, crossing out a number at each end until you arri'e at the middle 'alue. / formula way of arri'ing at the middle term is this: middle term 0 1, 2 1) 3 % , where , 0 the number of 'alues. +n this example, , 0 11, so middle term 0 111 2 1) 3 % which is 1% 3 %, or ". 4o the middle term will be the "th term, which correlates to the 'alue 61. Therefore, 61 is the median. ,ow, suppose there is an e'en number of 'alues. 5onsider the following set of numbers. 1& 1 11 14 1% 1# 1" 14 1# 13

there are 1! 'alues. /rranged in order, they loo6 li6e this: 11 1% 13 14 14 1 1" 1# 1# 1&

7owe'er, there is no exact middle term. +t would fall between the second number 14 1the fifth term) and the number 1 1the sixth term). Therefore, the median would be the mean of the two terms, or 14.5. 3) First Quartile: The first (uartile of a set of numbers is the 'alue in which % *

of the numbers are below it, # * of the numbers are abo'e it when the numbers are arranged in ascending 1increasing) order. Third Quartile: The third (uartile of a set of numbers is the 'alue in which # * of the numbers are below it, % * of the numbers are abo'e it when the numbers are arranged in ascending 1increasing) order. /nother way to thin6 of the (uartiles is this: The first (uartile is the median of the numbers located below the median) the third (uartile is the median of the numbers abo e the median. This may sound confusing, but it is easy to understand once a few examples are used: For instance, loo6 at the first set of numbers we used, arranged in ascending order. 8emember "1 is the median. ,ote how the median 1"1) di'ides the numbers into two e(ual groups: 1 %" 34 44 ! 61 "% #4 ## && $$

The numbers below the median are 1 %" 34 44 !. The median 1middle 'alue) of those numbers is !4. 4o, !4 is the first (uartile. 4imilarly, the numbers abo'e the median are "% #4 ## && $$. The median 1middle 'alue) of those numbers is "". 4o, "" is the third (uartile. 7ighlighting each (uartile and the median, you can see how they di'ide the numbers into four e(ual groups: 1 %" !4 44 ! 61 "% #4 "" && $$

The second set of data we used, arranged in order, loo6ed li6e this. 8emember, the median of this set was not a number in the set) rather it was a number between two other numbers 114.5 = #). 11 1% 13 14 14 # 1 1" 1# 1# 1&

4o, the numbers below the median, 11 1% 13 14 14, ha'e a median of 1!. 4o, the first (uartile is 1!. The numbers abo'e the median, 1 1" 1# 1# 1&, ha'e a median of 1" 1the first one). 4o, the third (uartile is1". /gain, highlighting each (uartile and the median, you can see how they di'ide the numbers into four e(ual groups: 11 1% 1! 14 14 # 1 1" 1" 1# 1&

4) Fi e nu$ber su$$ar%: / fi'e number summary consists of these fi'e statistics: the minimum 'alue, the first (uartile, the median, the third (uartile, and

the maximum 'alue of a set of numbers. For the two groups of numbers abo'e, the fi'e number summary is:
1st data set 9inimum: 1 First :uartile: 34 9edian: "1 Third ## :uartile: 9aximum: $$ %nd data set 11 13 14. 1# 1&

/ &o' (lot is a graphical representation of a fi'e number summary. The ends of the ;box; are the first and third (uartiles, with the median inside the ;box;. <oints are used to represent the maximum and minimum 'alue, with lines 1called whis6ers) connecting the points to the box. The box plot below represents the fi'e number summary of the 1st data set abo'e: