ARITMTICA Y LGEBRA
Pgina 100
1
+ 5x 2 = 0
1
x=
3
2x 2
x = 2
x = 2
4=0
1 + 5
x=
2
1 5
x=
2
x2 + x 1 = 0
9x 2 + 4 = 0 no tiene solucin.
a) No tienen solucin en
Q: 2x 2 4 = 0; x 2 + x 1 = 0; 9x 2 + 4 = 0
salvo 9x 2 + 4 = 0.
12
Como 5 =
4
34
12
12
5 > 120
a) a 3 2a a 2 + 3a a 3 a 12
b)
c) (2 + 3 )(6 1)
d)
98 18
30 3
96
5
6 + 3 2
4 2
Resolucin
a) a a 2a a + 3a a a a = a a
b)
7 2 3 2
4 6
30 3 =
4 2
4 6
30 6
30 3 =
= 30
c) 12 2 + 18 3 = 2 3 2 + 3 2 3 = 3 + 2 2
d)
2 ( 6 3 2 )
(6 )2 (3 2 )2
4 2 3
5 6 2 6 6 2 4 6
=
=
3
6
12
3
5 6 6 3 2 4 6
=
=
6
6
3
5 6 6 + 3 2 8 6
3 2 4 6
=
=
6
6
4
b) log
1
k
c) log
k
100
Resolucin
a) log k 3 = 3 log k = 3(1,3) = 3,9
b) log
1
= log 1 log k = 0 (1,3) = 1,3
k
c) log
k
= log k log 100 = 1,3 2 = 3,3
100
a) |7 3x| = 2
Resolucin
a) |7 3x| = 2
5
7 3x = 2 8 x =
3
7 3x = 2 8 x = 3
Soluciones: x1 =
5
; x2 = 3
3
Bloque I. Aritmtica y lgebra
BLOQUE
x
x
x
x 2 3 = 1 8 x 2 = 2
x
8 x2 = 4
x2 3 = 1
b) |x 2 3| = 1
=
=
=
=
2
2
2
2
Soluciones: x1 = 2; x2 = 2; x3 = 2 ; x4 = 2
log 2
= 1,71
log 2 log 3
Solucin: x = 1,71
8 p 1,15
Depositamos un capital de 5 000 al 6% anual durante 3 aos y 3 meses. Calcula en cunto se transforma si el periodo de capitalizacin es:
a) Trimestral
b) Mensual
c) Di, en cada caso, cul es la T.A.E.
Resolucin
6
= 1,5% trimestral.
4
a) Un 6% anual significa un
CF = 5 000 1 +
1,5
100
13
= 6 067,76
6
= 0,5% mensual.
12
b) Un 6% anual significa un
CF = 5 000 1 +
0,5
100
39
= 6 073,60
10 000 1 +
13
= 10 000 1,13
100
16 304,7
log 1,63047
= 1,63047 8 a =
=4
10 000
log 1,13
BLOQUE
10% anual 8
10
= 0,83% mensual
12
en 36 meses
1,008336 1
= 41,7564m
1,0083 1
As:
41,7564m = 40 397,35 8 m =
40 397,35
= 967,45
41,7564
4
3
7
6
1
5
7
2
2
0
2
2
0
12 Opera y simplifica:
(3x 2 + 4x)(x 2 + 1) (x 3 + 2x 2 + 1) 2x
(x 2 + 1)2
Resolucin
(3x 2 + 4x)(x 2 + 1) (x 3 + 2x 2 + 1)2x
=
(x 2 + 1)2
=
3x 4 + 3x 2 + 4x 3 + 4x 2x 4 4x 3 2x
x 4 + 3x 2 + 2x
= 4
4
2
x + 2x + 1
x + 2x 2 + 1
x=0
x = 2
Soluciones: x1 = 0, x2 = 2
b) Hacemos el cambio x 2 = z 8 2z 2 3z 2 = 0 8
8 z=
z=2
35
4
1
z = No vale
2
x = 2
x = 2
Si z = 2
Soluciones: x1 = 2 , x2 = 2
c) 2x + 3 2x = x 6
x=3
11
x=
9
38 16
18
11
8
9
11 11
7 22
43
11
6 8
2+3 2
=
?
No vale
9
9
3
9
9
9
La solucin es x = 3.
(*)
d) 3x 5 4x 4 5x 3 + 2x 2 = x 2 (x + 1)(x 2)(3x 1) = 0
(*)
Ejercicio 11 b)
Soluciones: x1 = 0; x2 = 1; x3 = 2; x4 =
1
3
BLOQUE
x + 1 > 3
b)
2x 1 9
Resolucin
x+y=3 8 y=3x
xy + x = 0 8 x (3 x) + x = 0 8 3x x 2 + x = 0
a)
x1 = 0 8 y1 = 3
x2 = 4 8 y2 = 1
x 2 + 4x = 0
2x 1 9 8 2x 10 8 x 5
b)
Soluciones: x (2, 5]
15 Opera y simplifica:
x 2 4 x 2 + 2x
: 3
(x 2 3x)
x+1
x x
Resolucin
x 2 4 x 2 + 2x
: 3
(x 2 3x) =
x+1
x x
(x 2 4)(x 3 x)
(x + 2)(x 2)x (x + 1)(x 1)
(x 2 3x) =
(x 2 3x) =
2
(x + 1)(x + 2x)
(x + 1)x (x + 2)
= (x 2)(x 1) (x 2 3x) = x 2 3x + 2 x 2 + 3x = 2
16 Resuelve:
a)
x2
7x
x
+
=1
+ 4x + 4 x + 2
b) 3x
1
3
c) 42x 2 4x + 1 + 16 = 0
Resolucin
a)
7x
x
7 x + x (x + 2)
+
=1 8
=1 8
(x + 2)2
x+2
(x + 2)2
8 7 x + x 2 + 2x = x 2 + 4x + 4 8
8 3x 3 = 0 8 x = 1
Solucin: x = 1
b) 3x
1
= 31 8 x 2 2 = 1 8 x 2 = 1
3
x=1
x = 1
Soluciones: x1 = 1, x2 = 1
cambio
t 2 8t + 16 = 0 8 (t 4)2 = 0 8
c) (4x )2 2 4x 4 + 16 = 0 8
4x = t
8 t = 4 8 4x = 4 8 x = 1
Solucin: x = 1
17 Resuelve los siguientes sistemas:
x + 2y + z = 1
b) 2x + y z = 5
3x y + 3z = 10
x 4y = 5
a) x 6 y
2 = 16
2
Resolucin
a) x 4y = 5
6
y
2 = 16 8 2x 6 2y = 24 8 2x 6 + y = 24 8
2
8 x 6 + y = 4 8 x + y = 10
Por tanto, tenemos:
1.
x 4y = 5 8
2.
x + y = 10 8
x 4y = 5
x y = 10
5y = 5 8 y = 1
x + 1 = 10 8 x = 9
Solucin: x = 9, y = 1
b)
1.
x + 2y + z = 1 8
2. + 2 1.
2x + y z = 5 8
3. 3 1.
3x y + 3z = 10 8
x + 2y + z = 1 8 x = 1
5y + z = 3 8 z = 2
7y
+ z = 7 8 y = 1
Solucin: x = 1, y = 1, z = 2
18 Resuelve: x 2 + 4x + 3 0
Resolucin
x 2 + 4x + 3 0
x = 1
x = 3
x 2 + 4x + 3 = 0
>0
<0
3
>0
1
BLOQUE