Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

3D Computational Aero-Acoustics Simulation of Air Intake-Induced Whistles

Venkatesh Kannan
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Core Development, Robert Bosch Corporation, Farmington Hills, MI

Sandeep D. Sovani, Ph.D

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Fluent Inc, Ann Arbor, MI

Dave S. Greeley, Ph.D

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Air Flow Research, Robert Bosch Corporation, Waltham, MA

Ashok Khondge
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Fluent Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Abstract
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Introduction Background 3D Computational Simulations

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Correlation Lessons Learnt Conclusions

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Introduction
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A distinct whistle at 2900 - 3400 Engine RPM 72 - 78% Engine Load 35-45 Throttle Angle

88.4dB
SPL, dB

Hemi-anechoic - Chassis Dyno Test Data

2200Hz
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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Design Solution
Baseline Geometry Modified Geometry

Cavity

Ramp (16) & Radius (2 mm)

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics Baseline 110 100 90 80 70 60 50

SPL, dB
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Modified
=43

Baseline

Airflow

=43

Modified

Airflow

Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Need for Simulation

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Detailed sensitivity studies conducted experimentally

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Airflow A

Presented at Fluent UGM 2004 Presented at SAE 2004 WorldCongress, Detroit, MI Paper # 2004-01-0395

Do provide a design solution but do not provide insight into the whistle physics Experiments are expensive

__ Disturb Flow at A

__ Disturb Flow at A & B __ Eliminate Cavity C

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Background
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CFD-CAA simulations conducted for physical insight 2D simulations conducted first

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Can replicate whistle

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But frequency under-predicted Difference in whistle magnitude between baseline and modified designs not predicted well

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Presented results at Fluent UGM2004 Also presented at SAE NVH Conference, Traverse City, MI, Paper # 2005-01-2364

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

2D Computational Simulation
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

18000 2D Quad Cells, k- RNG Turbulent Model Unsteady Simulation Coupled Solver 2nd Order Upwind Time Step = 2.5e-05s Run Time = 0.04s Ideal Gas Law Double Precision Solver
Inlet (101325 Pa)

43
High Mesh Density
Monitor Point A

Zip Tube Throttle Plate Sump

Outlet 92325Pa P = 9kPa 8

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Correlation - Sound Pressure Level at Point A

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Baseline Geometry

Experimental - 3D
159dB @ 2125Hz

Computational - 2D
180 160
SPL (dB)

152 dB @ 1710 Hz 152dB @

1710Hz
Design A

140 120 100 80 0 1000 2000 3000 Frequency (Hz)

4000

5000

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Correlation - Sound Pressure Level at Point A

4

Modified Geometry

Experimental - 3D
180

Computational - 2D
160

137dB @ 2125Hz
SPL (dB)

149dB @ 1800Hz

140

120

100

80 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Frequency (Hz)

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Present Work
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2D simulations provide preliminary understanding Geometry is highly 3D 3D simulation reported here

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Improve prediction accuracy over 2D

Inlet (101325 Pa)

Throttle Plate

Zip Tube Sump Outlet

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

3D Computational Simulation
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4221265 cells ( Hex+tet, Hex dominant), LES with Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid model (Dynamic Model) Unsteady Simulation Segregated Solver Discretizations
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4 4 4

2nd order upwind for pressure, density and energy Bounded Central Differencing for momentum

4 4 4 4

Time Step = 2.5e-05 sec Total Run Time = 0.03775 sec Ideal Gas Law Double Precision Solver

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Simulated Flow Structure

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Contours of velocity magnitude on central vertical plane

2D

3D

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Simulated Flow Structure

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Contours of static pressure on central vertical plane

2D

3D

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Correlation - Sound Pressure Level at Point A

4

Baseline Geometry

Experimental - 3D
180

Computational - 2D Computational - 3D
160
SPL (dB)

159dB @ 2125Hz

152dB @ 152 dB @ 1710 Hz 1710Hz

Design A

157.8dB @ 2098Hz

140 120 100 80 0 1000 2000 3000 Frequency (Hz)

4000

5000

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15

Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Correlation - Sound Pressure Level at Point A

4

Modified Geometry

Experimental - 3D
137dB @ 2125Hz
SPL (dB)

Computational - 2D
180 160

Computational - 3D
152.6dB @ 2098Hz

149dB @ 1800Hz

140

120

100

80 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Frequency (Hz)

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16

Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Conclusions
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Baseline geometry 3D simulations

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Very accurate compared to experiments Whistle frequency as well as magnitude predicted properly

Modified geometry 3D simulations

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Whistle frequency predicted very accurately, but amplitude is off Causes are under investigation
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It is possible that CFD model differs slightly from actual geometry

3D computational simulation (although computation intensive) provide additional insights better accuracy as compared with experiments than 2D simulations
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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Conclusions
Long Term Goals
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Understanding of the influence of small geometric details on the mechanism of whistle production and suppression

Benefits
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Novel ideas for the flow path geometry features that can effectively suppress or produce the aero-acoustic sources

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Acknowledgements
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Dave Hanner John Rydzewski General Motors Corporation

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Fluent CFD Summit 2005 Computational Aero-Acoustics

Questions & Answers

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