Angela Hutchinson EDUC 230-The Exceptional Child Karla Henderson History Timeline of Special Education in the United States

Years 1857 Historical Event National Teachers Association Impact on Education This association came together to promote education in the United States and later became known as the National Education Association (NEA). The NEA hard-pressed the National Department of Education to help fund the curricula to decrease illiteracy, to prepare teachers and make educational opportunities available to all children. During this time period, programs were being created to assist students with gifted talents. Lewis M. Terman of Stanford University is considered the father of gifted education. This council helped organize the teachers that worked with children with exceptionalities. NRCA was the first association to financially support research on intellectual and developmental disabilities. Education must be made equally available to everyone. Provided support to educate teachers of handicapped categories. Provided funds to states and local districts for forming programs for economically disadvantaged and handicapped. The first Federal grant program specifically for children and youth with disabilities.

Early 1900s

National Education Association (NEA) established a section for teachers of children with disabilities.

1920

Training programs for the Gifted.

1922 1950

Council of Exceptional Children National Association for Retarded Children (NARC) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Association for Children with Learning Disabilities (PL 88-164) Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) (PL 89-10)

1954 1963 1965

1965

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act Amendments of 1965 (PL 89-313) ESEA Amendments of 1966 (PL 89-750) Hobson v. Hansen

1966

1968

Established the first Federal grant program for the education of children and youth with disabilities at the local school level. During this legal proceeding it was proclaimed that the tracking system that uses standardized tests for placement decisions is unconstitutional and discriminates against black and

1969

The Learning Disability Act (PL91-320) PARC v. Pennsylvania

1971

1971

Mills v. D.C. Board of Education

1973

1974

Section 504:Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (PL 93-112) The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

1975

Education for All Handicapped Children Act Amendments (PL 94-142)

1986

Education of the Handicapped Amendment of 1986 (PL 99-457)

1990

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (PL 10-476) (Renamed and replaced PL 94-142)

1992 1997

American Disability Act of 1992 (PL 102-119) IDEA Reauthorized (PL 105-17)

impoverished children. This act classified learning disabilities and made available funds for state-level programs for learning disabilities. Requirements were set for school systems to enforce admission to children with disabilities and to make specifications to appropriate services. Identification, placement decisions, and reclassification guidelines were organized. Recognized the rights of all children to an equal opportunity for education and the lack of funds was not an acceptable excuse for denial of educational opportunity. Individuals with a handicap cannot be excluded from any program or activity receiving federal funding based on the handicap by itself. Students information is protected by this public law. There are two types of records that are obtained by the school: directory and nondirectory information. The parents and students have access to their records, the right to amend records and the right to file a complaint if the school violates this law. Made available free and appropriate public education, including requirements for individual education programs, protection of rights for the students and parents, and nondiscriminatory assessments. Mandated states to offer free and appropriate education to children with disabilities ages 3-5. It provides early intervention programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities from birth to 2 years. Suggested people-first language and promoted the term disability instead of handicap. This public law extended special education to bring in social work, assistive technology, rehabilitation services, confidentiality for students and parents. Students with disabilities are taught transition skills to prepare them for transitioning to employment. Made service available to infant and toddlers with disabilities. Requires that students with disabilities continue to receive services even if expelled from school and allows special education teachers to aid to

2002

No Child Left Behind (NCLB) (PL 107-110)

2004

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, reauthorization and revision of IDEA (PL 108-446)

general education students. Schools are required to assume more responsibility in ensuring students have access to a general education, a general education teacher as a member of the IEP team, behavior management plans in IEPs and students with disabilities are to participate in state and district-wide assessments. Students with special needs are allowed accommodations when it comes to assessments, such as large-print test booklets, extended test periods, small groups or one-on-one testing sessions, helping students write their answers, using braille, sign language translators and computers as well as bilingual booklets for math tests. Special requirements for highly qualified special education teachers

References 111 STAT. 2384 PUBLIC LAW 105117NOV. 21, 1997. (1997, November 21). Retrieved August 20, 2013, from https://bulk.resource.org/gpo.gov/laws/105/publ117.105.pdf The Arc (n.d.). The Arc | Six Decades of Action. Retrieved August 22, 2013, from http://www.thearc.org/page.aspx?pid=2416 Borland, J. (2008). Gifted Students. Retrieved August 21, 2013, from http://www.sagepub.com/gargiulo4emedia/study/chapters/handbook/handbook14.1.pdf Halcomb, S. (2012). NEA - Answering the Call. Retrieved August 20, 2013, from http://www.nea.org/home/12241.htm Imber, Michael and Tyll van Geel (2004). Equity in Education Legal Database - Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth (1972). Retrieved August 21, 2013, from http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/mit2008/Win08handouts/edLaw/equity/dia bilities/PARC.htm KEY LEGISLATION. (2005). Retrieved August 21, 2013, from http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/mit2005/Spring/spedkeyleg.htm

Peterson, J. (2007, January 17). A TIMELINE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION HISTORY. Retrieved August 20, 2013, from http://admin.fortschools.org/PupilServices/StaffInfo/A%20TIMELINE%20OF%20SPEC IAL%20EDUCATION%20HISTORY.htm Special Education and Government timeline | Timetoast timelines. (n.d.). Retrieved August 20, 2013, from http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/special-education-and-government Special education history timeline | Timetoast timelines. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/special-education-history Van Dusen (2004). FERPA overview. Retrieved August 21, 2013, from http://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/View-Articles/FERPAoverview.aspx