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  • Sample Paper: Level 2 Biology

    Diunggah oleh

    Nicole Schwartfeger
    28 tayangan9 halaman
    Small populations are more prone to genetic changes than large populations due to genetic drift and migration. Genetic drift is the change in allele frequencies over generations due to random chance rather than selection. Migration is the movement of individuals between populations, introducing new alleles. In a small population, chance events are more likely to cause allele frequencies to fluctuate significantly or for rare alleles to disappear completely through drift. Migration also has a larger effect. In contrast, in a large population these random processes have less impact due to the large number of individuals averaging out the effects.

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    Judul Asli

    91157-sam-2012

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    Small populations are more prone to genetic changes than large populations due to genetic drift and migration. Genetic drift is the change in allele frequencies over generations due to random chance rather than selection. Migration is the movement of individuals between populations, introducing new alleles. In a small population, chance events are more likely to cause allele frequencies to fluctuate significantly or for rare alleles to disappear completely through drift. Migration also has a larger effect. In contrast, in a large population these random processes have less impact due to the large number of individuals averaging out the effects.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    28 tayangan9 halaman

    Sample Paper: Level 2 Biology

    Diunggah oleh

    Nicole Schwartfeger
    Small populations are more prone to genetic changes than large populations due to genetic drift and migration. Genetic drift is the change in allele frequencies over generations due to random chance rather than selection. Migration is the movement of individuals between populations, introducing new alleles. In a small population, chance events are more likely to cause allele frequencies to fluctuate significantly or for rare alleles to disappear completely through drift. Migration also has a larger effect. In contrast, in a large population these random processes have less impact due to the large number of individuals averaging out the effects.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai DOC, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 9

    $'#/L+ /'/+,

    Level 2 Biology
    91157 (2.5): Demonstrate understanding of genetic variation and change
    Credits: Four

    You should answer ALL parts of ALL questions in this booklet. If you need more space for any answer, use the pa e!s" pro#ided at the back of this booklet and clearly number the question. Check that this booklet has pa es $%& in the correct order and that none of these pa es is blank. !" #"$% &'(D %&)$ B!!*L+% %! !", %+'-&+, '% %&+ +(D !. %&+ 'LL!%%+D %)#+.

    ' (ew )ealand *ualifications Authority, $+,, All ri hts reser#ed. (o part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the (ew )ealand *ualifications Authority.

    $ You are ad#ised to spend .+ minutes answerin the questions in this booklet. 0"+$%)!( !(+: .,+0"+(-)+$ )( %&+ 1+(+ /!!L
    Small populations are much more prone to changes in the gene pool because of genetic drift and migration.

    Assessor-s use only

    Discuss this statement. In your answer, you should: define the key terms: gene pool, genetic drift, and migration explain why the gene pool changes over time compare and contrast gene pool changes in a small population with a large population.

    2his pa e has been deliberately left blank

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    Assessor-s use only

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    4 0"+$%)!( %2!: 3',)'%)!( (a) Define the term mutation.

    Assessor-s use only

    (b)

    xplain why the result of mutations in somatic and gametic cells is not the same in terms of creating new alleles that enter the gene pool.

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    (c)

    0 !nce new alleles are created, their distribution in individuals within a population is due to the variation created by meiosis. Discuss how the processes that occur during meiosis lead to variation.

    Assessor-s use only

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    . 0"+$%)!( %&,++: )(&+,)%'(-+ (a) "he human #$! blood group is an example of a multiple allele system. Describe what is meant by the term multiple alleles.

    Assessor-s use only

    (b)

    Incomplete dominance and codominance are both examples of inheritance patterns where hetero%ygous individuals differ in their phenotype from either dominant or recessive homo%ygous individuals. &napdragons (antirrhinum) can be red, white or pink flowering. In &horthorn cattle, the coat hair colour can be red, white or roan (an even mixture of red hairs and white hairs). xplain the incomplete dominance #'D codominance inheritance patterns. (ou should use the examples from the statement above to support your answer.

    (c)

    In guinea)pigs, two commonly studied features are the colour and the length of the hair. "he genes controlling these features are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.

    /iolo y &,,01 !$.0"

    1 $ * allele for black hair + * allele for short hair

    b * allele for white hair l * allele for long hair

    Assessor-s use only

    ,ost pet guinea)pigs are bred in captivity. If a breeder wants to establish a population of animals that are pure)breeding black and long)haired, they will have to carry out selective breeding. "he breeder has a group of guinea)pigs of unknown genotypes that are all black and short haired. Discuss the genetics involved in establishing the desired pure)breeding population from the original group. &upport your answer with the possible genotypes of the animals involved, using the letters for the alleles given above.

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    5 +4tra 5a5er for continuing your ans6ers7 if re8uired. -learly num9er the 8uestion.
    *uestion number

    Assessor-s use only

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    & +4tra 5a5er for continuing your ans6ers7 if re8uired. -learly num9er the 8uestion.
    *uestion number

    Assessor-s use only

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