TISSUE STUDY GUIDE

Define the term tissue. Name the four primary adult tissue types: -connective -nervous -muscular -epithelial Review the 3 ways that cells are connected to each other. epithelial -tight junctions -gap junctions -desmosomes 1. Basic Tissues Select the tissues described by the statements. Epithelial Connective

Muscle

Nerve

1) Adapted for contraction. ___________muscl_________________________________ 2) Contains scattered cells in a matrix. _______connective______________________ 3) Sheets of closely packed cells. __________epithelial_______________________ 4) Composed of neurons and supporting cells. ______nerve__________________ 5) Lacks blood vessels. _______epithelial______________________ 6) Supports and protects organs. __________connective_________________ 7) Lines body cavities and covers organs. ________epithelial_______________________ 8) Forms and conducts impulses. ________nervous__________________________ 9) Functions in absorption and secretion. _____epithelial__________________________ 2. Epithelial Tissues Explain how epithelia are nourished. -epithelial is avascular, therefore they are nourished by the diffusion of the blood vessel Discuss the classification scheme for epithelial tissues. a. List 4 major characteristics of epithelial tissue: 1. cells readily divide 2. tightly packed together 3. cover hollow organs 4. avascular b. List 4 major functions of epithelial tissue: 1. protection 2. secretion 3. absorption 4. excretion

c. Write the number of the appropriate tissue described in the space provided. 1) Simple squamous 2) Simple cuboidal 3) Simple columnar 4) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar __2___ Forms secretory cells of glands. __1___ Lines interior of blood vessels. _ ___3__ Lines interior of stomach and intestines. __1___ Lines upper respiratory passages. __6___ Lines ventral body cavity. d. Fill in the table below: Simple Epithelium Cell Shape Draw and describe # of layers Squamous Cuboidal Box-like square Columnar rectangle Pseudostratified Varied heights 2-3 levels Double layer 1-layered Where found in body Single layer Kidneys, many other glands Single layer Inner lining of intestines Respiratory passage way multiple Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra Transitional Cube-shaped and elongated 5) Stratified keratinized squamous 6) Stratified non-keratinized squamous 7) Transitional

__6___ Forms outer layer of skin. __7__ Lines interior of urinary bladder. __6___ Lines mouth and vagina. _4___ Contain goblet cells. __1___ Forms air sacs of lungs.

Blood vessels, air sacs Allows for quick diffusion of materials

Function(s)

Line ducts of many glands

Often have goblet cells, sometimes possess cilia

Line respiratory passageway

Allow organs to stretch and recoil

e. Fill in the table below: Stratified Epithelium Draw and describe Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Transitional

# of layers

2 or more layers of cells Vagina, anal canal, oral cavity

2 or more layers

2 more layers

2 or more layers of cells Urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra

Where found in body

Common in glands, kidney tubules

Urethra, pharynx

Function(s)

protection against protection Lines urethra and Allows organs to friction, microbial pharynx stretch and recoil invasion and dessication f. Describe the differences between keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial tissue, give an example and location of each. g. Secretory cells of exocrine glands release their products into ducts in three different ways. The mode of secretion can be classified as merocrine, apocrine, or holocrine. Fill in the chart below. Apocrine Definition Secretes portions of cells Examples Mmammary glands (breast feeding) Salivary glands, sweat glands Sebaceous glands (oil/sebum) Merocrine Fluid production Holocrine Secrete whole cells

h. Fill in the chart below: Exocrine Glands Ducts Endocrine Glands

Types of Secretions

Examples

mammary gland, salivary gland, ___________________ , ___________________

thyroid gland, adrenal gland, _______pituitary glands____ , ____hypothalamus__

3. Connective Tissue Proper a. List 3 major characteristic of connective tissue: 1. can usually divide 2. most common tissue 3. All CT has three main components: cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix b. Name the two major components of matrix and what each consists of. Matrix is extracellular. Why? -ground substances and fibers Matrix is extracellular because It helps align the shapes and structure of the tissue or cell

c. Explain the difference between blast and cyte cells. -cyte = cell -

d. What is mesenchyme? -it is an undifferentiated mesodermal loose connective tissue e. What are the three functions of adipose tissue? 1. protection 2. insulation 3. stores energy f. Fill in the chart below: Collagen Fibers Color White Branching Branched branched Elastin Fibers Yellow Reticular Fibers

Nature Wavy and in bundles Example/location Tendons, ligaments Elastic cartilage in ear, arteries Branched supportive

g. Match each type of connective tissue to the function of that tissue. __E__1. __B__2. __D__3. __A__4. areolar/loose CT adipose tissue dense irregular CT fibrocartilage A. B. C. D. form cushions between the vertebrae in the spinal cord energy storage; cushioning; insulation makes up the outer ear binds tissues and organs together

__G__5. dense regular CT __C__6. elastic cartilage __F__7. reticular tissue

E. forms the dermis of the skin F. forms framework of the spleen and liver G. forms tendons and ligaments

4. Special Connective Tissues a. Fill in the chart below: Hyaline Cartilage Collagen Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage

Type of fibers Functions

Resists compression shock absorber Auricle of ear and epiglottis

Examples/Locations

b. What is a lacuna and what is its purpose?

c. Why do cartilage and connective tissues take so long to heal?

d. Select the connective tissues described by the statements. 1) Elastic cartilage 2) Fibrocartilage 3) Hyaline cartilage 4) Bone 5) Blood _____ Intervertebral disks. _____ Pinna of outer ear. _____ Forms embryonic bones. _____ Liquid matrix.

_____ Smooth, glassy matrix. _____ Imparts resiliency. _____ Hard, rigid matrix. _____ Adapted to absorb shocks.

e. Be able to label an osteon: lamellae, lacuna, canaliculi, Volkmann's canals / perforating canals 5. Muscle Tissues Explain why muscle cells are called fibers. Define contractility: a. The three types of muscle tissue exhibit certain similarities and differences. Check the appropriate spaces in the following table to indicate which muscle type(s) exhibit each characteristic.

Characteristic Voluntarily controlled Involuntarily controlled Striated Non-striated Uni-nucletaed Multinucleated Found attached to bones Allows you to direct your eyeballs Found in the walls of the stomach, uterus, and arteries Contains spindle-shaped cells Contains cylindrical cells with branching ends Contains long, non-branching cylindrical cells Displays intercalated disks Concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole Tissue of the circulatory pump Contractions are rhythmic Changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

6. Nerve Tissue Indicate whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). _____ Nerve cells are called neurons. _____ Nerve cells form and transmit neural impulses. _____ The nucleus of a nerve cell is located in the cell body. _____ Supporting cells in nerve tissue are fibroblasts.

7. Membranes Fill in the chart below: Mucous Membranes Lines cavities that open to the outside Serous Membranes Lines sealed cavities Cutaneous Membranes

Definition

Function

Protection, prevents water loss Stratified epithelium, dry membrane

Characteristics

Example/Location

Nasal cavity, oral, vaginal, anal openings