Basic Electrical Machine (DMT 232/3)

Exp 2

EXPERIMENT 2 TITLE: THREE- PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT

OBJECTIVES 1) To determine active po e! in balanced three-phase circuits using twowattmeter method of power measurement. 2) To determine appa!e"t po e! using measurements of circuit voltages and currents. E#UIPMENTS EMS Wor station Model !11"# $esistive %oad Model !&11# 'ower Suppl( Model !!21 and )ata *c+uisition ,nterface Model -".2. INTRO$UCTION The total active power 'T supplied to a balanced three-phase load is given b( the e/pression# 'T 0 & / ''1*SE 0 & 2E'1*SE / ,'1*SE / cos 3) 1owever# in a w(e-connected circuit# E'1*SE 0 E%,4E 5 6& and the phase current e+uals the line current. The above formula then becomes 'T 0 & / E%,4E / ,%,4E / cos 3 6& The factor &56& can be simplified to become 6&# so that finall( for a w(econnected circuit# 'T 0 6& 2E%,4E / ,%,4E / cos 3) 0 1.7& 2E%,4E / ,%,4E / cos 3) ,n a delta-connected circuit# the same result is obtained because the phase voltage e+uals the line voltage and , '1*SE 0 ,%,4E 5 6&. Therefore for either a balanced w(e-connected load or a balanced delta-connected load# the total three-phase active power is given b( the e/pression# '*8T,9E 2') 0 1.7& 2E%,4E / ,%,4E / cos 3) Since 2E'1*SE / ,'1*SE / cos 3) is the e/pression for the active power per phase# it follows that the product E'1*SE / ,'1*SE represents the apparent power per phase# and the total three-phase apparent power in a balanced w(e- or delta-connected load can be using the formula# '*''*$E4T 2S) 0 & 2E'1*SE / ,'1*SE)

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) Sem I (2011/2012)

Basic Electrical Machine (DMT 232/3)

Exp 2

:ollowing the steps used to obtain the e+uation for calculating active power 2'*8T,9E) in three-phase circuits# the apparent power e+uation can be rewritten as follows; '*''*$E4T 2S) 0 1.7& 2E%,4E / ,%,4E) The power factor for a balanced three-phase load is the ratio of active power to apparent power# '5S and the relationship between '# < and S is the same as S 2 0 '2 = <2 . Thus# reactive power < can be calculated using the following e+uation; '$E*8T,9E 2<) 0 6 S2 - '2 *ctive power is measured with a wattmeter# which is an electrod(namometer t(pe instrument that has two coils. >ne coil is fi/ed 2current coil) and the second 2voltage coil) is capable of turning in the magnetic field produced b( the first. The fi/ed coil is connected in series with the load so as to carr( the load current. The movable coil which has a high resistance is connected across the load li e a voltmeter and the small current in this coil is proportional to the load voltage. The voltage coil turns against a helical spring and its tor+ue is proportional to the product of the current in both coils. The tor+ue is therefore proportional to the product of the current and voltage being measured and the measurement scale of the instrument is calibrated to indicate watts of active power. %i&'!e (-) shows a wattmeter connected to measure the power delivered to a load and the e+uivalent circuit connections of the )*, to obtain the same result with the Metering s(stem.

%i&'!e (-) Measuring 'ower with a Wattmeter To measure the power delivered b( a three-phase# ?-wire s(stem# three singlephase wattmeters could be connected to measure power in each of the phases and the readings added to obtain the total power. This however is not necessar( because two single-phase wattmeters connected as shown in %i&'!e (-2 will gave the same result. Mathematical anal(sis shows that connecting the current coils to measure the current in two of the three lines# while connecting the two voltage coils between these lines and the remaining line allows the total power delivered b( a three-phase s(stem to be measured. The total power is the algebraic sum of the two wattmeter readings and this method of power measurement is nown as the t o- att*ete! *et+o,.

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) Sem I (2011/2012)

Basic Electrical Machine (DMT 232/3)

Exp 2

%i&'!e (-2 The Two-Wattmeter Method of Measuring Three-'hase 'ower :or balanced loads at unit( power factor# the wattmeter readings are identical. When the load power factor e+uals ".@# one meter indicates Aero and the other indicates the total power. When the power factor is between ".@ and 1# one meter reads higher than the other. *t power factors below ".@# the indication of one meter is negative and the total power is reduced b( this negative value. *t Aero power factor# the two meters give identical readings but of opposite sign and the result is naturall( Aero watts. ,n all cases# the total power is the algebraic sum of the two wattmeter readings. %i&'!e (-( shows how E1# E2# ,1 and ,2 on the )*, can be connected to a three-phase circuit to measure the total power using the two-wattmeter method. 4ote the manner in which E2 is connected to give a positive reading.

%i&'!e (-( )*, 8onnection for the Two-Wattmeter Method of 'ower Measurement

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) Sem I (2011/2012)

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Basic Electrical Machine (DMT 232/3)

Exp 2

PROCE$URE CAUTION Hi&+ vo-ta&e. a!e p!e.e"t i" t+i. -a/o!ato!0 e1e!ci.e2 $o "ot *a3e o! *o,i40 a"0 /a"a"a 5ac3 co""ectio". it+ t+e po e! o" '"-e.. ot+e! i.e .peci4ie,2

1. ,nstall the 'ower Suppl(# )ata *c+uisition ,nterface and $esistive %oad modules in the EMS Wor station. 2. Ma e sure that the main switch of the 'ower Suppl( is set to the > 2>::) position# and the voltage control nob is turned full( counter cloc wise. Set the voltmeter select switch to the ?-@ position. &. Set up the three-phase# w(e-connected# resistive circuit shown in %i&'!e (-6. 8onnect ,1# ,2# ,&# E1# E2 and E& as shown to measure the currents and voltages.

Li"e Vo-ta&e 7V8 12" 22" 2?"

E. 7V8 2"! &!" ?1@

R) 7 8 &"" 11"" 12""

R2 7 8 &"" 11"" 12""

R( 7 8 &"" 11"" 12""

%i&'!e (-6 Three-'hase W(e-8onnected $esistive %oad

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) Sem I (2011/2012)

Basic Electrical Machine (DMT 232/3)

Exp 2

?. Ensure that the )*, %>W '>WE$ ,4'BT is connected to the main 'ower Suppl(. @. )ispla( the Metering application.

.. Turn on the main 'ower Suppl( and set the 2? 9-*8 power switch to the , 2>4) position. *dCust the voltage control to obtain the line-to-line voltage given in %i&'!e (-6. 7. Measure the circuit voltages and currents and turn off the power. !. 8alculate the active power consumed in each phase of the circuit and the total power consumed b( the load. -. )etermine the average load voltage and current.

1". ,s the average load voltage appro/imatel( 6& times smaller than the line voltage set in step .D )iscuss. 11. 8alculate the total power using the line voltage and current. 4ote that , %>*) 0 ,%,4E in this circuit and E%,4E is the value set in step .. 8ompare the total power found in step ! with the power calculated using the line voltage and current. *re the( appro/imatel( e+ualD )iscuss. 12. $econnect the circuit as shown in %i&'!e (-9 to measure the total load power using the two-wattmeter method.

%i&'!e (-9 Total 'ower Measurement using Two-Wattmeter Method 1&. Turn on the power and readCust Es if necessar( to obtain the value used previousl(. $ecord the active power measurements given b( meters '<S1# '<S2 and the total apparent power on programmable meter *. Turn off the power and determine 'T>T*%. 1?. 8ompare the measurement results in step 1& with the results obtained in step ! and 11. ,s 'T>T*% appro/imatel( the same in all casesD )iscuss.

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) Sem I (2011/2012)

Basic Electrical Machine (DMT 232/3)

Exp 2

1@. )o the results for '*''*$E4T and 'T>T*% show that the apparent power and active power are appro/imatel( the sameD )iscuss. 1.. Set up the three-phase# delta-connected# resistive circuit shown in %i&'!e (-:. 8onnect ,1# ,2# ,&# E1# E2 and E& as shown to measure the current and voltages.

Li"e Vo-ta&e 7V8 12" 22" 2?"

E. 7V8 2"! &!" ?1@

R) 7 8 &"" 11"" 12""

R2 7 8 &"" 11"" 12""

R( 7 8 &"" 11"" 12""

%i&'!e (-: Three-'hase )elta-8onnected $esistive %oad 17. Turn on the 'ower Suppl( and adCust the voltage control to obtain the line-to-line voltage Es given in %i&'!e (-:. Measure the circuit voltages and currents and turn off the power. 1!. 8alculate the active power consumed in each circuit branch and the total active power consumed b( the load. 1-. 8alculate the total active power using the line voltage and line current. 8ompare the total active power found in step 1! with the active power calculated using the line voltage and current. *re the( appro/imatel( e+ualD )iscuss. 2". $econnect the circuit as shown in %i&'!e (-; to measure the total load power using the two-wattmeter method.

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) Sem I (2011/2012)

Basic Electrical Machine (DMT 232/3)

Exp 2

21. Turn on the power and readCust the Es if necessar( to obtain the value used previousl(. $ecord the measurements of meters '<S1# '<S2 and programmable meter E and then turn off the power.

PACTI

! """""""" #

%i&'!e (-; Total 'ower Measurement using Two-Wattmeter Method 22. ,s '*8T,9E e+ual to the sum of the wattmeter readings '<S1 and '<S2D )iscuss. 2&. Ensure that the 'ower Suppl( is turned off# the voltage control is full( counter cloc wise and remove all leads and cables.

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) Sem I (2011/2012)

Basic Electrical Machine (DMT 232/3)

Exp 2

4ame; FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Matri/ 4o.; FFFFFFFFFFFFF )ate; FFFFFFFFFF RESULTS < CALCULATION Step ; a", =: Pa!a*ete! E 7V8 I 7A8 Po e! 7Watt8 'Total 0 '$1 = '$2 = '$& 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 FFFFFFFFFFF W Step >: *verage E%>*) 0 E$1 = E$2 = E$& & *verage ,%>*) 0 ,$1 = ,$2 = ,$& & Step )?: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Step )): 'T>T*% 0 1.7& 2E%,4E / ,%,4E) 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 FFFFFFFF * R) R2 R(

0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 FFFFFFFF 9

Step )(:

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) Sem I (2011/2012)

Basic Electrical Machine (DMT 232/3)

Exp 2

'<S1 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFW '*''*$E4T 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFF9*

'<S2 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFF W

'T>T*% 0 '<S1 = '<S2 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF W Step )6: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Step )9: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Step );: E$1 0 FFFFFFFFF 9 ,$1 0 FFFFFFFFFF *

E$2 0 FFFFFFFFFF 9 ,$2 0 FFFFFFFFFFF *

E$& 0 FFFFFFFFFF 9 ,$& 0 FFFFFFFFFFF *

Step )=: '$1 0 E$1 / ,$1 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 FFFFFFFFFFFF W '$2 0 E$2 / ,$2 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 FFFFFFFFFFFF W '$& 0 E$& / ,$& 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 FFFFFFFFFFFF W '*8T,9E 0 '$1 = '$2 = '$& 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 FFFFFFFFFFF W

Step )>:

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) Sem I (2011/2012)

Basic Electrical Machine (DMT 232/3)

Exp 2

,%,4E 0 6& ,$1 = ,$2 = ,$& 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 FFFFFFFFFFF * & & '*8T,9E 0 1.7& 2E%,4E / ,%,4E) 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFW FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Step 2): '<S1 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF W '*8T,9E 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF W Step 22: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

'<S2 0 FFFFFFFFFFFFFF W

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP) Sem I (2011/2012)

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