Endocrine System- is made of glands that produce chemical messenger called hormones.

Glands- are organs that develop a secretion which performs a specific function - They produce hormones that are released into the blood and carried throughout the different parts of the body.

Endocrine Glands Gland Location Hormone Produce "egulatory factors Human growth hormone#HGH$ unctions "egulates activities of other endocrine glands Stimulates body s%eleton growth Stimulates production of mil% Lactogenic hormone Stimulates development of male and female se& organ

Hypothalamus !ase of brain Pituitary#front$ !ase of brain

Gonadotrophic hormone

'ids function of thyroid

'ids functioning of adrenal

Tyrotrophic hormone

'drenocortioc trophic hormone#'(TH$ Pituitary#bac%$ )&ytocin "egulates blood pressure and stimulate smooth muscle +ncrease rate of water reabsorption in the %idneys

Thymus

!ehind breast

*asopressin Thymosin

"egulates development and functioning of immune system

Thyroid

bone ,ec%

Thyro&ine calcito&ine

+ncrease rate of metabolism maintain the level of calcium and phosphorous in the blood

"egulates the level of calcium and phosphorous

Pancreas

Parathoi& 'bdomen- +nsulin near stomach

Enables liver to store sugarregulate sugar- brea%down of tissues- decreases blood sugar level

+ncreases blood sugarlevel

)varies

Glucogen Pelvicarea Estrogen

Produce female secondary se& characteristics

Promote growth of uterus Progesterone

Testes

Scrotum

Testosterone

Produce male secondary se& characteristics

The Endocrine Glands The Endocrine System consists of special organs called glands. A gland is an organ of the body that makes and stores fluids that the needs. The endocrine glands are also called ductless glands. They have no tubes for their secretions to flow through. Instead, they release their fluids directly into the bloodstream. They fluids that are produced by the endocrine glands are called hormones. A hormone is a chemical substance that controls growth and development and other body functions. or e!ample, the rate at which you grow is controlled by hormones. "hen an endocrine gland releases as hormone, the blood carries it into the target organ. The target organ is a part or a place in a body where a hormone acts. or e!ample, a hormone

controls the production of energy in the body. Its target organs include all the body cells and tissues.

#. The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain. It is a part of the brain. Its serves as a high link between the endocrine system and the nervous system. It is found $ust above the pituitary gland. The hormones secreted by the hypothalamus gland may either stimulate or inhibit the pituitary gland from releasing its hormones. or e!ample, one gland is stored in and

release from the pituitary gland. This hormone is released from the hypothalamus gland of the mother during childbirth. It stimulates the contraction of the uterus where the mother is in labor. This hormone is called o!ytonin. It is responsible for the release of milk from the breast of the mother for feeding the baby upon birth. %. The pituitary gland & is located in the lower part of the brain. It is only about the si'e of a pea. (espite its small si'e, it produces several hormones that control the function of the other gland. This is the reason why the pituitary gland is often called master gland. )ut the pituitary is directly under the control of the hypothalamus gland. *ormones from the hypothalamus either stimulate or inhibit the production of the hormones of the pituitary

gland. The endocrine glands stimulated by the secretion of the pituitary gland are the se! glands, the adrenal corte! and the thyroid glands.

The pituitary glands has two lobes, the anterior or front lobe and the posterior or back lobe. The anterior lobe is the +.G. secretes at least si! different hormones. The growth hormone is one of these. The growth hormone stimulates growth and amino acids transport in the body. Amino acid is the building flock of proteins. The growth hormone increases muscle mass and stimulates bone growth. Another hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is the thyroid stimulating hormone. This hormone is brought by the blood to the thyroid glands where it regulates the secretion of its hormones. Too little of this hormone causes underactivity of the thyroid glands. Too much of this hormone would result in the overactivity of the thyroids. The hormone protactin is also secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It promotes milk

production in mothers. The other secretion of pituitary gland stimulates the se! glands in the males and females.

,. +ineal Glands & is a small endocrine gland near the center of the brain. It secretes the hormone melatonin. This hormone promotes the development of the ovaries and the testes.

-. The thyroid glands & are butterfly shaped glands located in the neck. They are found around the front and sides of the trachea $ust below the laryn!.

Endocrine System

#. Gland & organ that develop a secretion which performs a specific function. %. Islet of .angerhans & These are found in the pancreas that control the level of sugar in the blood.

,. *ormones & chemical substance which regulate body processes such as growth development, metabolism, response and critical situations. -. Adrenaline & the emergency hormone that is release by the adrenal gland /. +ituitary Gland & chief of the ductless gland responsible for growth 0. 1alcitonin 2 a hormone which prevents the release of calcium from the bones. It stimulates the bones to release more calcium into the blood. 3. Glucagon & a hormone which converts the glycogen to glucose. 4. Insulin & hormone which controls the storage of sugar in the liver and sugar breakdown in tissues. 5. testosterone & hormone which stimulates and produces male secondary se! characteristics. #6. 7!ytocin & hormone which regulates blood pressure and stimulates smooth muscles.

8enstruation & cyclical shedding of the endometrium every %4 days.