E{Z }-Kriging

Exploring the World of Ordinary Kriging Dennis J. J. Walvoort

Wageningen University & Research Center Wageningen, The Netherlands

July 2004 (version 0.2)

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

What is it about? Potential Users

What is E{Z }-Kriging?

a computer program for exploring ordinary kriging; interactive, self-explanatory, and easy to use. Hence, easy kriging and last but not least: its freeware!

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

What is it about? Potential Users

What is E{Z }-Kriging?

a computer program for exploring ordinary kriging; interactive, self-explanatory, and easy to use. Hence, easy kriging and last but not least: its freeware!

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

What is it about? Potential Users

What is E{Z }-Kriging?

a computer program for exploring ordinary kriging; interactive, self-explanatory, and easy to use. Hence, easy kriging and last but not least: its freeware!

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

What is it about? Potential Users

Who may benet from it?

Students, who need to understand those mysterious kriging equations; Lecturers, who want to explain kriging in an intuitive way; Others, who just want to know what they are doing when using geostatistical software.

2 3

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

What is it about? Potential Users

Who may benet from it?

Students, who need to understand those mysterious kriging equations; Lecturers, who want to explain kriging in an intuitive way; Others, who just want to know what they are doing when using geostatistical software.

2 3

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

What is it about? Potential Users

Who may benet from it?

Students, who need to understand those mysterious kriging equations; Lecturers, who want to explain kriging in an intuitive way; Others, who just want to know what they are doing when using geostatistical software.

2 3

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The GUI consists of three panels:

1

data conguration panel semivariogram panel kriging panel

2 3

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The GUI consists of three panels:

1

data conguration panel semivariogram panel kriging panel

2 3

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The GUI consists of three panels:

1

data conguration panel semivariogram panel kriging panel

2 3

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The GUI consists of three panels:

1

data conguration panel semivariogram panel kriging panel

2 3

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Data Conguration Panel

The prediction point is red and labelled 0.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Data Conguration Panel

The n sampling points are blue and labelled from 1 to n.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Data Conguration Panel

The conguration of points can be changed by means of the mouse (drag n drop).

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Data Conguration Panel

The range is represented by a solid circle. A dashed circle represents the practical range.
denition

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Data Conguration Panel

The number of sampling points has to be specied here (see ellipse).

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Data Conguration Panel

The values at the sampling locations have to be entered here.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Semivariogram Panel

The following semivariogram models can be selected: Spherical model

details

Exponential model
details

Gaussian model
details

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Semivariogram Panel

Use the sliders to set the semivariogram parameters: nugget (c0 ) partial sill (c1 ) range parameter (a)

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Semivariogram Panel

This section gives the nugget variance, the (practical) range and the sill variance (c0 + c1 ).

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Semivariogram Panel

The resulting semivariogram will be shown here.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Kriging Panel

The ordinary kriging weights are shown as bars. Click on the bars for numerical values.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Kriging Panel

Use the radiobuttons to switch between ordinary point kriging and ordinary block kriging.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Kriging Panel

The block size can be set by means of the sliders.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Kriging Panel

Check this checkbox to enforce square prediction blocks.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Kriging Panel

The ordinary kriging prediction and the associated variance of the prediction error are given here.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Data Conguration Panel Semivariogram Panel Kriging Panel

Kriging Panel

Press this button to get a glimpse of the underlying maths.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Distance eect Discover that points outside the range aect predictions dierently than points within the range (cf. inverse squared distance interpolation).

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Declustering eect Discover how ordinary kriging reduces the inuence of clustered sampling points (cf. inverse squared distance interpolation).

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Screening eect Recall that ordinary kriging is a non-convex interpolator, i.e., its predictions can be outside the data range. Explore data congurations and semivariogram settings that enhance this eect.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of data values Discover how data values aect the weights, the prediction and the variance of the prediction error.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram model Study how model shape, nugget, sill and range aect the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram model Study how model shape, nugget, sill and range aect the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram model Study how model shape, nugget, sill and range aect the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram model Study how model shape, nugget, sill and range aect the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram model Study how model shape, nugget, sill and range aect the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram scale Explore how multiplying the semivariogram by a positive value aects the kriging weights, the kriging prediction, and the variance of the prediction error.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram scale Explore how multiplying the semivariogram by a positive value aects the kriging weights, the kriging prediction, and the variance of the prediction error.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram scale Explore how multiplying the semivariogram by a positive value aects the kriging weights, the kriging prediction, and the variance of the prediction error.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram scale Explore how multiplying the semivariogram by a positive value aects the kriging weights, the kriging prediction, and the variance of the prediction error.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram scale Explore how multiplying the semivariogram by a positive value aects the kriging weights, the kriging prediction, and the variance of the prediction error.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram scale Explore how multiplying the semivariogram by a positive value aects the kriging weights, the kriging prediction, and the variance of the prediction error.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of semivariogram scale Explore how multiplying the semivariogram by a positive value aects the kriging weights, the kriging prediction, and the variance of the prediction error.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of aggregation Experiment with block size and see how it aects the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of aggregation Experiment with block size and see how it aects the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of aggregation Experiment with block size and see how it aects the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of aggregation Experiment with block size and see how it aects the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of aggregation Experiment with block size and see how it aects the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of aggregation Experiment with block size and see how it aects the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Eects of sampling point conguration Eect of semivariogram Eect of aggregation

Interesting features to explore

Eect of aggregation Experiment with block size and see how it aects the kriging results.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Further reading Geostatistical software License

Suggestions for further reading

E.H. Isaaks and R.M. Srivastava. An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. Oxford University Press, New York, 1989. P. Goovaerts. Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation. Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Further reading Geostatistical software License

Geostatistical software

Vesper (www.usyd.edu.au/su/agric/acpa/vesper/vesper.html) GStat (www.gstat.org), GStat is also available as R-package (www.r-project.org)

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Further reading Geostatistical software License

License E{Z }-Kriging is freeware and provided as is without warranty of any kind, either express or implied.

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Introduction Graphical User Interface Interesting features to explore Concluding Remarks

Further reading Geostatistical software License

Enjoy E{Z }-Kriging!

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Denitions

Spherical model
s (h) =
3h 2a

1 2

h 3 a

h<a ha

(h) = c0 + c1 s (h)

where: a: c0 : c1 : h: s

range parameter nugget variance partial sill variance lag distance standardised semivariance semivariance
Return

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Denitions

Exponential model
h s (h) = 1 exp a (h) = c0 + c1 s (h)

where: a: c0 : c1 : h: s

range parameter nugget variance partial sill variance lag distance standardised semivariance semivariance
Return

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Denitions

Gaussian model
h2 s (h) = 1 exp 2 a (h) = c0 + c1 s (h)

where: a: c0 : c1 : h: s

range parameter nugget variance partial sill variance lag distance standardised semivariance semivariance
Return

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging

Denitions

Practical range Lag h for which (h) = 0.95 (), i.e., that distance at which the semivariance is 95% of the sill.
Return

Dennis J. J. Walvoort

E{Z }-Kriging