Building Workshop 1

Task 1: Half-brick wall in Stretcher bond (4 bricks long x 4 courses high) Task 2: Undercoat plastering

Background Information:

Name : Thong Wei Xian Student ID : 13WTD04255 Stretcher bond is known as running bond. Stretcher bond is the most common used brickwork for cavity walls. It is built for stability purpose for the wall to outstand the loads on the wall. There are some steps to be done to carry out the workshop. First we have to mix mortar on a timber board. Then mortar should be laid on every layer of bricks and the mortar must be around 10mm thick. After the bricks are laid, use the spirit level to determine whether the bricks are leveled well. Last, the brick wall shall be plastered nicely and the bricks are joint with mortar in between. Mortar is mixed of 1 portion of cement and 3 portions of sand with the sufficient water. When the mortar is ready, the setting of brickwork is done. A gridline is drawn on the floor with a chalk. Stretcher bond wall systems are often considered the easiest to build because of their simple pattern. They are easy to be built with the minimum wastage. They are composed entirely of stretcher set in rows which offset by half a brick. However, the stretcher bond brick wall is one brick wall thick. Thus, this type of bond of brick wall is more suitable for the interior wall purpose. At the end of the workshop, the surface of brick wall is cleaned.

Name:Tey Zhi Zian Student No. :13WTD04968 A bond is the pattern in which bricks are laid to construct a strong and more stable brick wall. The partten bonds include: Stretcher Bond English Bond Flemish Bond Stack Bond Bricks laid horizontally in vertical columns so all vertical joints align. Soldier 1/3 Bond Every course is offset by 1/3 of a brick. Zigzag Bond, Vertical Zigzag Bond, 45 Stretcher Bond, Chevron Bond, Basket Weave Bond,45 Basket. Soldier Stack Bond Bricks laid vertically in vertical columns so all vertical joints align. 1/3 Bond Every course is offset by 1/3 of a brick.

The most common bond is Stretcher Bond whichconsists of courses of full bricks where every course is offset half a brick from the course below. When following the mortar joint,stretcher bond has the longest vertical pathway and therefore the best bend strength. In our experiment we construct a Stretcher bond. Stretcher bond is used in walls one brick wide. Where walls are two or more bricks wide then stretcher bond needs ties to hold the leaves together to give it a monolithic action. To avoid the use of ties traditional practicehas been to lay some of the bricks sideways. This has usually been either full courses of headers with full courses of stretcher (English) or courses of alternating header and stretcher (Flemish). A variation of Flemish Bond is Garden Wall Bond where courses are made of a header and three stretchers alternating.Corner treatment can be different in these bonds. English corners end in full stretchers or full headers, and anypart brick required to make up the course is set inside the corner. Dutch corners end in the part bricks.Variations on these bonds are common in particular a header course every three or six courses with stretchercourses between. Although these bonds have traditionally been developed for thick walls, they can be used in single leaf walls asa decorative effect using cut bricks for the headers. Such walls are usually non-load bearing. Cutting costs are high but not excessive as the headers have the cut side turned in and the bricks can be bolstered.Other decorative bonds may be used in non-load bearing applications, particularly in the form of panels. Thelimitations are strengths lower than Stretcher Bond and the cost of cutting and slower brick laying. Thedecorative effect of bonds is highlighted by using a mortar in a contrasting colour to the brick.

Student name: Teoh Shao Yi Student ID: 13WTD08145 Bonding of brickwork is the arrangement of brickwork in a wall, column or pier which will give maximum overlap and no continuous vertical points. The purpose is to obtain the maximum strength whilst distributing the loads carried by the walls, to ensure lateral stability and resistance to side thrusts and to create an acceptable appearance. An unbounded wall is comparatively weaker and more liable to fail under load or lateral thrust compared to a bonded wall whereas the load is distributed over the whole wall and has greater resistance to side thrust. Below shows a standard size of a brick Length + one mortar joint =225mm Width + one mortar joint =112.5mm Height + one mortar joint =75mm Mortar joint thickness = 10mm

Learning outcomes: Upon completing this building workshop, students shall be able to construct a half-brick wall in Stretcher bond finished with plastering with correct practices and resources.

Materials and tools:

Brick

Sand

Spirit Level

Cement

Steel Trowel

Wood Float

Scrapper

Ruler

Chalk

Shovel

Timber Board

Sand Filter

Sponge

Safety Boats

Procedures: 1. The provided marking scheme is filled in and submitted to lecturer-in-charged before the start of each Building Workshop. 2. The required materials and tools are gathered. Mixing of mortar and plaster (15minites) 3. Shovel is used to dry mix the cement and sand on a damp timber board. 4. A well is made in the middle of the dry mix for the water. Some water is added, not too much as it is easier to add more water later, if needed. All of it is mixed together. 5. The mortar or plaster is kept mixing until it looks like sticky paste, there should be no pockets of dry sand or cement showing in the mix. Laying of brickwall (30 minutes) 6. Wooden float and chalk are used to draw a line on the floor to mark the position of brickwall. 7. Brick trowel is used to spread a layer of mortar on the floor first and then bricks are laid onto the mortar. Mortar joints shall be about 10mm. 8. Spirit level is sued to adjust individual bricks, to plumb the angles of work vertically and to level the courses horizontally. Plastering of brickwall (30 minutes0 9. Debris is removed from the surface of brickwall. Sponge is used to damp the surface of brickwall. 10. The brickwall is plastered with the use of hawk and steel trowel for the front surface, top and two sides only, back surface is not required. Thickness of plaster shall be about 10mm. Housekeeping (30 minutes) 11. Marks for the quality of work in the marking scheme are allocated from lecturer incharged upon completing the works within the given time. 12. Housekeeping is done by group members in Building Workshop. 13. Mortar and plaster are removed into the provided plastic bags. Wire brush is used to wash and clean all the bricks and tools and return them to original places. 14. Marks for the teamwork in housekeeping in the marking scheme are allocated by lecturer in-charged. 15. The marking scheme is returned to the respective group of students for submission together with their workshop report later.

Expected quality of work: The completed brickwall shall be vertical and leveled, correctly constructed in Stretcher bond with uniform mortar thickness. Plastering to the brickwall shall be leveled woth appropriate thickness

Finished work of brickwork plastering

Question for discussions: 1. When construction brickwall, it is necessary to lay the bricks to some recognized bond. In order to maintain bond, it is necessary to use bricks cut in various shapes at some points. a. With the aid of sketches, identify the different brickwork bonding available for wall construction.

b. Identify with the aid of sketches to show some examples of cutting bricks and their applications in brickwork.

I. Half bat closure bricks cutting It is a one half the length of stretcher. This method of brick bonding is normally applied at double Flemish bond. II. Three-quarter closure bricks cutting Three-four the length of stretcher and laid with its long, narrow side exposed. They are a cut brick used to change the bond at quoins. They can be applied at the double Flemish bond, monk bond, header bond and English cross bond. III. Quarter closure bricks cutting One-four the length of stretcher. This method is less frequently used special bricks cut in brickwork.

IV. King closure bricks cutting A brick with one corner cut away, leaving one header face at half its standard width. In another way to explain, it is a brick which has been cut diagonally over its length to show a half bat at one end and nothing at the other. However, this type of special bricks are rarely used as well. V. Queen closure bricks cutting A half brick with normal thickness, but half-normal width. Used in a course of brick masonry to prevent vertical joints fall above one another. This method is commonly used to bond one brick walls at right angled quoins. VI. Split bricks cutting Cutting brick with a chisel whenever the bricks do not fit. This method suitable for all brickwork to prevent the brick wall to have space in between and cause it to be unstable

2. With the aid of sketches, describe the following methods to keep the brickwork horizontal and vertical: a. Plumbing Plumbing is to make sure the brickwall is constructed vertically by using a spirit level or other tools. The wall is tapped across as necessary to adjust the brick.

b. Levelling Leveling is to make sure the brickwall is constructed horizontally by using a spirit level or other tools. Adjustment should be made by bedding down the brick to the same height level.

c. Gauging Gauging is to make sure the brickwall at a same height at the corners by using a gauge board or other tools. To do this, Mark out a piece of timber with marks corresponding to spacing of one brick height plus the thickness of the bed joint (normally a total of 75cm). After that, Use the rod at the corner when each course is begun and check that it is at the correct height, On uneven ground, start by putting a datum peg next to the wall so that the gauge rod can be easily positioned.

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