T E C H N I C A L PA P E R

Integrated Network and Service Management for Mobile Networks

Most mobile service providers moving to 3G have an existing 2G/2.5G network that will co-exist with 3G networks. Business objectives will be to increase revenue per subscriber, reduce the cost per subscriber, and do more with reduced budgets. The challenges service providers face include new technologies (e.g. ATM in the transport backbone), labor intensive WCDMA radio planning and optimization, the introduction of new services with short time to market, and management of new network infrastructures (e.g. radio access, IP/ATM backbone, IT service platforms). To help mobile service providers to meet these challenges, Alcatel provides a complete set of network management solutions for second and third generation radio access and core networks. Functions include optimization, planning, fault management, configuration, and traffic supervision and analysis to reduce operational expenses and to ensure an optimal level of QoS. Further, Alcatels OSS solutions for mobile networks realize end-to-end service management by combining management of the radio access and value-added service platforms with the mobile core network, transport and transmission networks, thereby increasing efficiency and saving on costs.

P-H. Gross, N. Mercouroff

INTEGRATED NETWORK AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT FOR MOBILE NETWORKS

3G networks will only generate the promised revenue if integrated operations support systems support 3G technology evolution, Opex reduction and improved quality of service.
Introduction
The Second Generation (2G) Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) was designed primarily to provide circuit-switched speech and data services. Value-added services were simply based on the Short Message Service (SMS). Today, most operators are experienced in operating and maintaining their 2G networks and have mastered voice-oriented Time Division Multiplex (TDM) technologies. Following development of the Internet, the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) was introduced to support packet data services in GSM networks. An additional Internet Protocol (IP) network infrastructure was introduced along with new service platforms, for example, the Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) portals, and Information Technology (IT) infrastructure components, such as Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers. Third Generation (3G) networks will eventually introduce a streamlined architecture with a unified core network backbone and a common Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio access network to support all services. However, most mobile service providers have an existing 2G network. The deployment of 3G networks will make it necessary for them to introduce new technologies, such as Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) radio and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) in the transport layer, as well as a wide range of new services. To help Mobile Service Providers (MSP) to meet these new challenges, Alcatel Network Management Systems (NMS) and Operations Support Systems (OSS) have been designed as open solutions that facilitate the smooth integration of multi-technology, multi-vendor elements. The objective is to achieve a smooth evolution to UMTS with a guarantee of compatibility and interoperability along the migration path from todays 2G networks to a full UMTS network.

Mobile Service Providers Challenges

MSPs face multiple challenges when rolling out and operating 2.5G and 3G networks. Let us look at these challenges and analyze how NMS and OSS solutions can help to meet them. The move to 3G networks involves the deployment of a variety of new technologies in existing or new subnetworks (see Figure 1). One example is the introduction of ATM technology in the transport network. In addition, new application platforms will be introduced to support enhanced services (e.g. MMS). MSPs naturally expect vendors to provide NMS solutions that enable the new network elements to work with the existing OSS. These solutions should provide real-time supervision and efficient configuration tools suited to each network technology. More importantly, Wideband WCDMA is being introduced in the Radio Access Network (RAN). This technology is ten times more complex to manage than GSM, but customers will expect the same Quality of Service (QoS) as in todays GSM networks. NMS systems for the RAN must include automated radio parameter management and radio optimization tools. It is also important to realize that customers are not willing to pay for a new technology, but for a service that meets their needs and which is delivered with perfect quality. OSS therefore have to provide tools for end-to-end QoS supervision. Naturally, they will rely on NMS systems to provide real-time fault and performance monitoring. Increasing competition and the need to increase revenue are making it essential to provide innovative services. The result will be a dynamic service environment in which new services will have to be introduced with very short lead times. Consequently, new service platforms should be introduced without disturbing the existing OSS systems. NMS should provide mediation with existing OSS interfaces and stable, standard interfaces. Service provisioning activities must be automated.

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Fig. 1

Full view of 2G/3G mobile service provider network

Packet-switched DNS core network DHCP AAA Internet Node B RNC GGSN Messaging WAP SMSC Gateway MMSC gateway Application Server

UMTS radio access

SGSN

Application & content providers

OK

SCP HLR

Service environment

BTS

BSC GSM/EDGE radio access

MSC

Circuit-switched core network

MSC

Public Switched Telephone Network

Other operators

BSC: Base Station Controller BTS: Base Transceiver Station DNS: Domain Name Server GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node

HLR: Home Location Register MMSC: Multimedia Messaging Service Center MSC: Mobile Switching Center RNC: Radio Network Controller

SCP: Service Control Point SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node SMSC: Short Message Service Center

As new services prove successful and demand grows, and as the network expands, the traffic load will increase. MSPs will expect their NMS/OSS systems to grow with their networks. All solutions should provide full scalability to handle increasing network size and the resulting growth in the flow of network management events. All these challenges must be met within stringent manpower constraints. NMS/OSS solutions should minimize Operating Expenses (Opex). For instance, the same teams should be able to manage 2G and 3G networks from a common operator workplace, using common applications (e.g. common alarm supervision) with a consistent look and feel for domain-specific user interfaces. Existing NMS and OSS must be preserved wherever possible in order to protect the operators previous investment and avoid changes to its organization. New services and network infrastructure should integrate with established operations processes and network management centers.

integrated with Alcatels mobile OSS solutions to provide full end-to-end service management. Network management layers The integrated network management solution is built on the following layers: Element Management Layer: Provides mediation at each network element interface and centralized access. Network Management Layer: Centralizes fault, configuration and performance information; in particular it provides network-wide cooperative functions, like ATM connection management spanning multiple network elements or extensive radio configuration functions. Open interfaces: Allow integration with the OSS and other network management applications. Operations Support Systems: Cover the end-toend mobile service across various subnetworks. The three first layers are part of the NMS for each subnetwork, as shown later in Figure 4. All NMS are based on the Alcatel Management Platform (ALMAP)[1], which is the key integration enabler providing a coherent architecture and a consistent set of common functions across the various subnetwork managers. This platform

Integrated Network Management Solution for Mobile Networks

Alcatel offers a complete suite of network management systems for all subnetworks in the MSPs environment: transmission, transport backbone, radio access, and core circuit and packet networks (see Figure 2). They can be

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provides the glue needed to build homogeneous management systems across all subnetworks. Coherent architectural framework The ALMAP application framework is based on a clientserver architecture. The server part of each application can be distributed on several physical servers, providing the scalability required to meet growing demand. The client part of the application enables operator workplaces to be distributed either locally or at remote locations. The NMS can thus adapt to the geographical organization of the MSPs operations and maintenance teams. The software architecture is modular, enabling new element managers to be added easily without affecting other functions. Network evolution can be handled by an easy upgrade to the network element managers, thereby protecting the operators investment. Coherent set of common functions The generic ALMAP components are part of each NMS system, facilitating integration across the various subnetworks. These components include:

Fig. 2

Mobile subnetworks and their network management systems

Mobile OSS Overall Mobile Network / end to end service 1353 OMC-R 1300 OMC-CN

Radio Network (UTRAN / BSS) 5620 NM Possible transport backbone Possible transport backbone 1353/4 RM Possible transmission network Possible transmission network

Core Network (UMTS / GSM / GPRS)

Radio NE

Radio NE

Core NE

Possible transport backbone

Core NE

Possible transmission network

BSS: Base Station Subsystem NE: Network Element NM: Network Manager OMC-CN: Operations and Maintenance Center Core Network

OMC-R: Operations and Maintenance Center Radio RM: Regional Manager UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

Fig. 3

Mobile core network management system

Cooperative Network Mgt applications Full navigability Alarm supervision Fault management

Traffic supervision & analysis

Full navigation framework to OMC-CS OMC-PS provide seamless integration of all functions on a single Common desktop Common desktop desktop. Single operator access Single operator access Alarm surveillance component for PS management for CS management for centralized fault management. Evolium Evolium Physical network management 2G/3G 2G/3G HLR PSTN MSC MSC component that presents the BSC network and managed IP / ATM Transport Plane elements as a hierarchy of INTERNET network and equipment views. SGSN GGSN Security management RNC component for controlling user access rights and CS: Circuit Switched PS: Packet Switched PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network managing security profiles. IP device management component providing the means to supervise OSS interface framework to forward alarms and network elements via a Simple Network network element events to the OSS, particularly events Management Protocol (SNMP) interface. relating to the fault and network inventory domain.

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System management functions for process supervision and defense, system backup and restoration. Subnetwork specific value-added applications Each NMS provides domain-specific applications that complement the generic ALMAP functions, including network level cooperative management across several elements, configuration management, software management, performance management and analysis tools tuned to the technology of each subnetwork.

based on the ALMAP alarm surveillance component provides supervision, synthesis and filtering mechanisms. It is possible to zoom in at the equipment physical and functional levels. The Alcatel 1300 OMC-CN offers several value-added network management applications (see Figure 4), in particular: Alcatel 1340 Traffic Supervision: Monitors the load and QoS on trunks, nodes and destinations in realtime. It also prevents traffic congestion and maximizes call completion rates, thereby increasing operator revenue. Alcatel 1341 Traffic Analysis: Stores historical performance data and generates traffic and QoS reports. By optimizing resource usage, this application helps to maximize traffic and improve the return on investment. Security Server for HLR (SSH): Manages HLR geographical redundancy in the network. Software management application: Covers the entire process leading to the generalization of a new software release or maintenance release in the network. Cooperative network provisioning applications: These applications enable the operator to handle highlevel objects with simple management operations hiding the elementary operations across several network elements. An example of such an application is presented hereafter.

Mobile Core Network Management

The Evolium Operations and Maintenance Center for Core Networks (OMC-CN) provides integrated central management for circuit and packet mobile networks. The OMC is packaged as two products covering the circuitswitched part and the packet-switched part of the core network. It can manage all the network elements together with any associated IP devices, such as standard routers, AAA and DNS (see Figure 3). Both products can be packaged as a single OMC as both are based on the ALMAP platform. The OMC-CN includes a complete set of fault, configuration, performance and security features for centralized element management and mobile core network management. All management functions are accessible by the navigation mechanism from a common centralized desktop after a unique operator login. Central fault management

Fig. 4

Full view of 2G/3G mobile service provider network

ALMAP Desktop

Network Management Layer applications

AS

OSS interface

SSH

A1340/1341 Traffic Management

IuCS/PS/ATM Cooperative Network Management

APN, RA GPRS Cooperative Management

Software Management

PNM

SEC

Element Management Layer

HLR-RCP EM

MSC EM

ATM CC EM

SGSN Server EM

IP devices EM

AS: Alarm Surveillance CC: Cross-connect

EM: Element Manager PNM: Physical Network Management

RCP: Radio Control Point SEC: SECurity management HLR

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Advanced cooperative network provisioning functions Cooperative network-wide functions include ATM connectivity management, Access Point Name (APN) management and Routing Area (RA) management. As an example, the PS ATM connectivity management application has been introduced to manage all network elements involved in configuring the Iu PS interface: SGSN server, SGSN router and ATM cross-connect. The Iu PS is the ATM-based interface from the packetswitched core network through the SGSN to the UTRAN. The ATM connectivity management application gives the operator a logical view of this interface. It provides a means to configure this interface in a single management operation, hiding the configuration of multiple network elements (see Figure 5 ).

Fig. 5

Mobile subnetworks and their network management systems

Cooperative ATM Connectivity Management lu_PS RNC 1 VP Signalling VP

RNC 3 RNC 2 RNC 1

SGSN Server ATM-BB

Gn SGSN Router ATM CC

Signalling VC Data VC 2x VPs (2x STM1)

Data VP

STM1: Synchronous Transmission Module Level 1 VP: Virtual Path VC: Virtual Channel

Fig. 6

GSM/UTRAN network management

GSM/EDGE OMC-R

Mobile Radio Access Network Management

UMTS OMC-R

Alcatels Evolium OMC-R is responsible for network surveillance, QoS monitoring and UMTS RNO 2G/3G radio network planning/ MSC/VLR optimization for the radio access TC Network Edge MFS BSC network. In order to implement Ater the features needed to manage MBS and tune UMTS networks without disturbing established GSM Edge Gb networks, UMTS and GSM lu (CS) 2G/3G SGSN management are packaged as two MBS 2G/3G GGSN products: OMC-UR for the UTRAN part of UMTS mobile GPRS UMTS backbone lu (PS) networks, and the OMC-RA for IP Network managing the Alcatel Base RNC MBS Station Subsystem (BSS) voice and data services, including GPRS MBS: Multi-standard Base Station TC: Transcoder and Enhanced Data rates for GSM MFS: Multi-BSS Fast packet Server VLR: Visitor Location Register RNO: Radio Network Optimizer Evolution (EDGE), as shown in Figure 6 . As for the OMC-CN, the OMC-R provides a complete set of fault, configuration, Smart WCDMA Radio Management with RNO performance and security features for centralized Alcatel Evolium OMC-R includes the Radio Network element management and radio access specific network Optimizer (RNO), a powerful application for radio management. All these features are integrated in a configuration and QoS monitoring. It is an adaptation of single operator access to provide a complete radio Alcatels GSM application, which has been deployed in management function. many GSM networks. Operators using the RNO consider

GSM/EDGE RNO

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its powerful functions and graphical man-machine interface as the reference in this domain. To build on its success, the RNO application (see Figure 7) has been fully integrated in the OMC-R, enabling it to easily handle all the new challenges presented by WCDMA radio technology: new QoS definitions; very large number of new radio parameters; new telecom algorithms. The Alcatel smart radio management function can be used to: Check the consistency of the networks logical configuration by comparing the OMC-R data with reference values (which can be customized by the operator) and planned values coming from radio network planning. Monitor the quality of the network based on the performance indicators transmitted via the Network Performance Analyzer (NPA) function, and compare them with predefined values. This tool can be used to produce reports that track QoS evolution and highlight the worst cells in the network, helping the operator to rapidly identify bad network areas. Diagnose the causes of deteriorating QoS. The tool comprises a powerful expert system capable of identifying the causes of any deterioration and proposing a solution for restoring QoS to the required level. Adjust logical parameters. Following the diagnosis of deteriorating network quality, the operator can use the hints given by the tool to change the logical parameters cell by cell.

Operating cost savings: UMTS brings new technologies, such as WCDMA radio access, as well as multi-application traffic models, from circuit to packet. Mastering these challenging technologies will be a key issue in terms of operating costs. Automated RNO radio resource configuration and optimization can save mobile operators up to 45% of their workload (see Figure 7) Ensuring optimal QoS at network roll out with limited human resources: The RNO application includes advanced facilities, such as easy radio parameter tuning based on a template mechanism. As an example, the parameters configuring the telecom algorithms (e.g. power control, handover) are defined in templates allowing the operator to quickly and consistently configure the large number of parameters for several cells. Simplification of GSM/UMTS neighboring management: This relates to the tuning of parameters in one cell depending on the parameters of adjacent external cells not managed by the same OMC-R (and in this case using a different technology. GSM and UMTS RANs have to interwork on adjacent cells to support UMTS to GSM handover for circuit communication or GPRS/UMTS cell reselection for packet communication. Alcatels RNO application can take into account external cell definitions from Alcatel or other equipment vendor OMCs or from radio network planning applications.

Alcatel Mobile OSS Solution

Open interfaces to OSS OMCs are repositories for all the network data, such as hardware inventory, logical and radio parameters, alarms, and performance measurements. The OMCs guarantee the integrity of this data and ensure that it remains consistent with the network elements. The main benefits of using smart radio management for The OMC-R and OMC-CN provide open northbound UMTS are: interfaces to external managers for fault, performance, inventory and Fig. 7 Saving workload with RNO configuration management. This facilitates integration with existing Using the RNO tool means 45% less workload OSS, making it possible to 45% saved implement end-to-end network Tuning supervision and value-added 5% applications, such as radio network planning and radio engineering 20% 15% QoS databases. Analysis / information 15% A full set of Third Generation diagnosis recovering Partnership Project (3GPP) release 5 Resource compliant interfaces is provided by configuration the OMCs based on the Common Object Request Broker Architecture STM1: Synchronous Transmission Module Level 1 VP: Virtual Path (CORBA) solution set. They cover VC: Virtual Channel alarm and notification, bulk

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configuration and basic configuration integration reference points. Performance monitoring counters are exported in eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format, as specified by 3GPP. In the same way, Alcatels NMS solutions for transport and transmission subnetworks provide OSS interfaces for seamless integration with mobile service providers existing OSS. End to end service management Alcatel can provide mobile operators with an OSS solution pack when they require end-to-end service management. This solution uses the following approach to help MSPs meet their challenges: Products have been selected from strategic partners to offer a comprehensive product portfolio based on best-of-breed software components and Alcatel applications. Products have been customized to meet the needs of the telecommunication world. As an example, problem management includes specific data attributes based on standard telecommunication alarm attributes. Products have been integrated with each other and with Alcatel network elements to support automation of the major processes within an MSPs organization. It relies on Alcatel NMS to ensure that these processes can work with the network elements. The Alcatel OSS mobile solution pack is ready for use in both 2G and 3G networks, providing a large number of OSS functions in a multi-technology, multi-vendor environment. In particular, the pack includes a set of products that enable MSPs to meet the above challenges: Alcatel integrated fault management, based on MicroMuse Netcool, to consolidate real-time alarm information across all network elements and application servers, providing real-time alerts relating to problems that affect service, thereby reducing the time to repair. Alcatel performance management, based on Metrica/NPR, includes the collection of performance data and its consolidation across the entire network and all application servers to provide end-to-end QoS indicators. Alcatel problem management, based on Action Request System from Remedy, integrates with previous applications, supporting network and service problem resolution by handling the workflow of problem resolution. It reduces network and service downtime and thus improves QoS and customer satisfaction. It can provide repair time and reaction time metrics as a basis for evaluating Service Level Agreements (SLA).

Alcatel provisioning solution for mobile operators is a provisioning mediation that makes it possible to centralize multiple service activation across different network elements (e.g. HLR, SMS server, intelligent network platform). It facilitates the rapid introduction of new services by isolating the existing environment from changes to the network configuration. In addition, it automates service activation tasks, thereby reducing Opex and activation times. As a system integrator, Alcatel can also integrate its solutions with equipment from other vendors and thirdparty products selected by the service providers. Above all, Alcatel provides seamless integration with the existing environment. A more complete view of Alcatels global OSS solutions and integration and service offer can be found elsewhere [2]. Example of end-to-end integrated service management DiGi Telecommunications, a leading Malaysian service provider, selected Alcatel to supply and install the DiGi Network Automated Management Information Control System (DiNAMICS). This system, which covers the entire network, including transmission, mobile core and mobile radio, as well as the application servers, has been integrated via different NMS systems. It will enable DiGi to improve its operational efficiency and to provide superior QoS to its customers. Alcatels solution includes the provision and streamlining of systems for detecting network alarms and problems and assessing their impact on user services in DiGis multi-vendor mobile environment. The solution, which includes integrated fault management and problem management, enables DiGi to proactively address network problems, thereby minimizing service downtime and preventing service fail-over.

Conclusion
Alcatel OSS / NMS solutions help mobile service providers to meet the challenges of 3G deployment and the increased complexity of radio access and core networks. Alcatel NMS systems are based on a coherent architecture that benefits from ALMAPs common features, common user interfaces and scalable architecture. They include a full set of network management applications. The Evolium OMC-CN provides efficient crossnetwork element configuration capabilities and extensive performance monitoring functions tuned to the core network technologies. The Evolium OMC-R combines the integration of RNO, with Alcatels worldwide expertise in 2G mobile networks and its UMTS experience in Japan, to realize the best radio network management system on the market.

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Interoperability is also a key feature. External interfaces complying with 3GPP standards enable MSPs to operate a complete multi-vendor network and integrate it with their existing OSS, or rely on Alcatels comprehensive portfolio of OSS solutions and integration services. Alcatel Evolium OMCs will continue to evolve to support more multi-standard GSM/UMTS radio management features. Further, in the core network they will support the introduction of 3GPP releasethe IP Multimedia Subsystem.

References
[1] M. Vanderevire, J. Verbaas: Common Software Components, Alcatel Telecommunications Review, Third Quarter 2003 (www.alcatel.com/ATR). [2] B. Sauve: OSS Integration and Services, Alcatel Telecommunications Review, Third Quarter 2003 (www.alcatel.com/ATR).

Pierre-Henri Gross is Strategy Director for Network Management in the Chief Technology Office of the Mobile Communications Group in Vlizy, France. (pierre-henri.gross@alcatel.fr)

Nicolas Mercouroff is Executive Director for Application and Terminal Strategy in the Chief Technology Office of the Mobile Communications Group in Vlizy, France. (nicolas.mercouroff@alcatel.fr)

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Abbreviations
2G 3G 3GPP A AAA ALMAP ATM BSC BSS CDMA CDR CN CORBA CS DHCP EDGE GERAN GGSN GPRS GSM HLR HSS IMS IP ISP IT Iu MBS MMS MPLS MSC MSP NMS NPA OMC OMC-CN OMC-R OPEX OSS PS PSTN QoS RAN RNC RNO SDH SGSN SLA SMS SNMP STM1 TDM UMTS Second Generation technology (GSM) Third Generation technology (UMTS) 3rd Generation Partnership Project Interface between GSM MSC and GSM BSS Authentication, Authorization & Accounting Alcatel Management Platform Asynchronous Transfer Mode Base Station Controller Base Station Subsystem Code Division Multiple Access Call Data Record Core Network Common Object Request Broker Architecture Circuit Switched Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network Gateway GPRS Support Node General Packet Radio Service Global System for Mobile communications Home Location Register Home Subscriber Server IP Multimedia Subsystem Internet Protocol Internet Service Provider Information Technology Interface between UMTS CN and UTRAN Multi-standard Base Station Multimedia Messaging Service Multi-Protocol Label Switching Mobile Switching Center Mobile Service Provider Network Management System Network Performance Analyzer Operation & Maintenance Center Operation & Maintenance Center for the Core Network Operation & Maintenance Center for the Radio Access Network Operational Expenses Operation Support System Packet Switched Public Switched Telephone Network Quality of Service Radio Access Network Radio Network Controller Radio Network Optimizer Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Serving GPRS Support Node Service Level Agreements Short Message Service Simple Network Management Protocol Synchronous Transmission Module of First Level Time Division Multiplexing Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

UTRAN VC VP WAP WCDMA

Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Virtual Channel Virtual Path Wireless Application Protocol Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

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Alcatel and the Alcatel logo are registered trademarks of Alcatel. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Alcatel assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the information presented, which is subject to change without notice. 01 2003 Alcatel. All rights reserved. 3GQ 00006 0019 TQZZA Ed.01