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How to Use and Maintain Leyland Cypress Tree in Your Landscape By Steve Nix, About.

com Guide See More About: leyland cypress

Overgrown eyland cypress in !edge Steve Nix More "mages #$% Introduction to the Leyland Cypress: A rapidly&growing evergreen w'en young, eyland (ypress will easily grow t'ree to )our )eet per year, even on poor soils, and can ultimately attain a 'eig't o) some *+ )eet. ,'e tree )orms a dense, oval or pyramidal outline w'en le)t unpruned, but t'e grace)ul, slig'tly pendulous branc'es will tolerate severe trimming to create a )ormal 'edge, screen or windbrea-. ,'e tree .uic-ly outgrows its space in small landscapes and is too big )or most residential landscapes unless regularly trimmed. /nusually, s'allow roots o) t'e species can give in wet soil to topple large trees. Leyland Cypress - Uses: Scienti)ic name: x (upressocyparis leylandii 0ronunciation: x -oo&press&so&S"0&air&iss lay& AN&dee&eye (ommon name: eyland (ypress 1amily: (upressaceae /S2A 'ardiness 3ones: 4 t'roug' 5+A Origin: not native to Nort' America /ses: 'edge6 recommended )or bu))er strips around par-ing lots or )or median strip plantings in t'e 'ig'way6 screen6 specimen6 ('ristmas tree Availability: generally available in many areas wit'in its 'ardiness range Leyland Cypress - Form: !eig't: 7* to *+ )eet

Spread: 5* to $* )eet (rown uni)ormity: symmetrical canopy wit' a regular #or smoot'% outline, and individuals 'ave more or less identical crown )orms (rown s'ape: columnar6 oval6 pyramidal (rown density: dense Growt' rate: )ast ,exture: )ine Leyland Cypress - Foliage: ea) arrangement: opposite8subopposite ea) type: simple ea) margin: entire ea) s'ape: scale&li-e ea) venation: none, or di))icult to see ea) type and persistence: evergreen ea) blade lengt': less t'an $ inc'es ea) color: blue or blue&green6 green 1all color: no )all color c'ange 1all c'aracteristic: not s'owy Leyland Cypress - Structure: ,run-8bar-8branc'es: grow mostly uprig't and will not droop6 not particularly s'owy6 s'ould be grown wit' a single leader6 no t'orns 0runing re.uirement: needs little pruning to develop a strong structure Brea-age: resistant (urrent year twig color: green

lanting Leyland Cypress: eyland cypress trees en9oy bot' part s'ade8part sun and )ull sun & t'e tree 'as very )orgiving lig't re.uirements. ,'e cypress can be planted in many soils. ,'e tree tolerates clay, loam, sand and will grow in bot' acidic and al-aline soils but still needs to be planted on a well& drained site. "t tolerates droug'ty conditions and is salt tolerant.

:'en planting eyland cypress, remember t'e tree;s mature si3e and )ast growt' rate. 0lanting a cypress too close is not recommended. <ou will be tempted to plant t'e seedlings too close but ten )oot spacings s'ould be a minimum in most landscapes. runing Leyland Cypress: eyland (ypress is a )ast grower and, i) not pruned early, can get out o) 'and as a 'edge. "n t'e )irst year trim bac- long sides'oots at t'e start o) t'e growing season. ,rim sides lig'tly in late =uly. ,'e sides can be trimmed t'e )ollowing to year encourage denser growt'. (ontinue to trim t'e sides eac' year leaving t'e leading s'oot untouc'ed until t'e desired 'eig't is reac'ed. ,opping and regular trimming o) t'e sides s'ould prevent trees )rom becoming increasingly large. Seiridium Can!er: Seiridium can-er disease, also called coryneum can-er is a slow&spreading )ungal disease o) eyland cypress. "t dis)igures and damages trees, particularly in 'edges and screens t'at are 'eavily pruned. Seiridium can-er is usually locali3ed on individual limbs. ,'e limb is usually dry, dead, o)ten discolored, wit' a sun-en or crac-ed area surrounded by living tissue. <ou s'ould always destroy diseased plant parts and try to avoid p'ysical damage to plants. Saniti3e pruning tools between eac' cut by dipping in rubbing alco'ol or in a solution o) c'lorine bleac' and water. ('emical control 'as proven to be di))icult. Horticulturist Comment: 2r. Mi-e 2irr says about eyland (ypress: >...it s'ould be restrained at an early age be)ore pruning becomes impossible.> In "epth: eyland (ypress grows in )ull sun on a wide range o) soils, )rom acid to al-aline, but loo-s its best on moderately )ertile soil wit' su))icient moisture. "t is surprisingly tolerant o) severe pruning, recovering nicely )rom even severe topping #alt'oug' t'is is not recommended%, even w'en 'al) t'e top is removed. "t grows well in clay soil and tolerates poor drainage )or a s'ort period o) time. "t also is very tolerant o) salt spray. Some available cultivars include: ?(astlewellan@, a more compact )orm wit' gold&tipped leaves, excellent )or 'edges in cool climates6 ? eig'ton Green@, dense branc'ing wit' dar- green )oliage, columnar )orm6 ?!aggerston Gray@, loose branc'es, columnarpyramidal, upturned at ends, sage&green color6 ?Naylor@s Blue@, blue&grey )oliage, columnar )orm6 ?Silver 2ust@, wide& spreading )orm wit' blue&green )oliage mar-ed wit' w'ite variegations. 0ropagation is by cuttings )rom side growt's. ===================================================================

How to Manage and I" #agworm By Steve Nix, About.com Guide

Bagworm Stages Introduction: Bagworm can be a serious pest, capable o) rapid buildup and extensive de)oliation. Annual surveys during )all, winter, or early spring are important to detect in)ested plants be)ore serious damage results. Trees $ttac!ed: Bagworms do t'e most damage on 9uniper, eyland cypress, arborvitae and redcedar trees Identi%ication: arvae enclosed in cone&s'aped bags consume )oliage. "nsect seldom seen, except 'ead o) larva protruding )rom t'e bag. ,'e larva is mottled brown to blac- and encloses itsel) in a bag spun )rom sil-strands. Bits o) leaves and twigs )rom t'e 'ost are incorporated in t'e bag during its creation. 2uring =une bags are di))icult to see, since t'ey start less t'an 58A> in lengt'. Bags increase to 5 58$> by late summer. Adult males )ly and are t'e only )orm occurring outside t'e bags. 1emales develop inside t'e pupal case wit'in t'e bag w'ere t'e eggs are laid. Feeding "amage: 1eeding begins in =une and lasts until late =uly, depending on t'e weat'er. A)ter mid&August, w'en t'e insects are inside t'eir bags, it is too late to control t'e pest wit' insecticides. ,'e bag protects its in'abitant securely. Stripping o) leaves is usually most noticeable in t'e uppermost parts o) trees and s'rubbery. Control: "t is important to treat during mid&=une. Small larvae are more susceptible to insecticides. arger larvae and molting larvae are not easily -illed. "nsecticides wit' some residual are pre)erred. 0ic-ing o)) and burning bags )rom )all until spring will reduce populations, but is tedious. ,'e presence o) bags during winter is a good indication o) w'ic' plants need to be treated t'e )ollowing year. One generation per year. Chemical Control: Actively )eeding bagworms can be controlled wit' an organic caterpillar -iller product t'at contains Bacillus t'uringiensis #B.t.%. Garden insecticides t'at contain acep'ate, bi)ent'rin, es)envalerate or permet'rin are also very e))ective. ===================================================================

Leyland Cypress and Seiridium Can!er - Seiridium Unicorne "amages Leyland Cypress

By Steve Nix, About.com GuideSeptember 5B, $++C My eyland cypress 'edge 'as Seiridium unicorne can-er )ungus. ,'e can-er, also called coryneum can-er, is a big problem on eyland cypress trees. ,'e )ungus will destroy t'e cypress; )orm and cause eventual deat' i) not controlled. Seiridium can-er is usually locali3ed on individual limbs. ,'e limb is usually dry, dead, o)ten discolored, wit' a sun-en or crac-ed area surrounded by living tissue. "n many cases t'ere is a gray discoloration at t'e point o) in)ection. 1ungal spores are was'ed down t'e tree or splas'ed )rom tree to tree by rain or over'ead irrigation. New in)ections develop w'en spores lodge in barcrac-s and wounds. <ou s'ould always destroy diseased plant parts and try to avoid p'ysical damage to plants. Saniti3e pruning tools between eac' cut by dipping in rubbing alco'ol or in a solution o) 5 part c'lorine bleac' to B parts water. ('emical control o) t'e )ungus 'as proven to be di))icult but some success 'as been noted wit' a )ull&coverage )ungicide spray at mont'ly intervals )rom April to October. ===================================================================

How to Treat Cypress Fungus By Noelle Carver, eHow Contributor

How to Treat Cypress Fungus Cypress trees, like the common Leyland cypress, are garden tree classics. The tall pointed tops and fine green needles create a line of sentries in landscapes and around outdoor pools. However, cypress trees suffer from a few types of deadly fungal infections, namely the fungal disease Seiridium canker (Seridium unicorne). ark !rown or purple !lotches form on stems, !ranches and !ark. "allen twigs turn !right red and copper, signs of the deadly fungus in the living tree. #n o!servant gardener may notice the onset of fungal disease !efore it starts to spread. "or full$fledged fungal infection, a few treatments can at least a!ate the spreading fungus. Instructions 1. o

Water regularly. Seiridium an!er "louris#es w#en $eyland ypress trees are under stress, spe i"i ally droug#t. To lessen t#e #an e o" disease spreading, use a soa!er #ose, w#i # emits only 1 gallon o" water per "oot o" #ose per #our. Spray t#e tree, or row o" trees, aiming t#e water a "ew in #es away "rom t#e trun!s. %un t#e #ose "or t#ree to "our #ours on e per wee!. o 2

Sear # "or tree wounds. &n"e tion spreads t#roug# a wound. Sear # t#e tree trun! and lower t#i ! bran #es "or uts or gas#es. 'rune t#e in"e ted bran #es or twigs. Trim t#e bran # or twig at least one in # below t#e an!er. (estroy t#e in"e ted twigs or bran #es. %emove or destroy severely a""e ted plants. T#e "ungus will ontaminate ot#er trees and plants. o 3 Sterili)e pruning tools between uts. Tools an spread t#e "ungal disease. (ip t#e pruning tools in rubbing al o#ol or a solution o" one part #lorine blea # to nine parts water. Clean and oil ea # tool a"ter blea #ing to prevent rust. o 4 Spray wit# "ungi ide. For most ypress "ungal diseases, "ungi ide will be ine""e tive. However, gardeners w#o spot Cer ospora needle blig#t *browning o" t#e s ales and needles beginning on low bran #es+ an treat t#e in"e tion. Spray in"e ted, browning bran #es wit# a opper, ontaining "ungi ide li!e -o ide. .n e new buds pop up, mist plants at 1/,day intervals until new #ealt#y growt# begins. o 5 %emove t#e stump. &" you do #ave to ut t#e ypress, remove t#e stumps o" "elled living oni"ers. .r, immediately a"ter utting t#e tree, treat t#e stump sur"a e wit# dry granular bora0, an e0tremely #ars# #emi al t#at !ills in"e tion. T#is prevents t#e "ungus "rom spreading to ot#er neig#boring trees. o 6 'lant a new tree. &" t#e tree is too severely a""e ted, e0tension pat#ologist 1ean Williams,Woodward says, 2T#e best ontrol is to remove t#e damaged tree and replant wit# somet#ing else or even anot#er $eyland 3 ypress4. Wit#in a "ew years, t#e trees grow so "ast t#at t#e loss o" one will #ardly be noti ed.5 6gain, ompletely removing t#e tree will stop t#e "ungus "rom spreading to nearby ypress and ot#er plant li"e.

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"isease o% Leyland Cypress


Mi-e Benson, 0lant 0at'ologist arry 1. Grand, 0lant 0at'ologist Donald E. =ones, 0ro)essor Fmeritus GSeiridium (an-erH GBotryosp'aeria (an-erH G(ercospora Needle Blig't4 GDoot 2iseases4 eyland cypress #x Cupressocyparis leylandii% 'as become increasingly popular as a landscape tree in Nort' (arolina, especially )or screens and 'edges. Alt'oug' relatively )ree o) serious disease problems, several diseases are becoming more common. ,'ese include Seiridium and Botryosp'aeria can-ers, (ercospora needle blig't, and 0'ytop't'ora and Annosus root rots. Seiridium Can!er

Seiridium can-er, caused by Seiridium unicorne, is probably t'e most damaging disease on eyland cypress. 0lants o) all si3es and ages are a))ected. (an-ers may )orm on stems, branc'es and in branc' axils causing twig, branc' or, at least on smaller plants, stem diebac-. (an-ers appear as sun-en, dar- brown or purplis' patc'es on t'e bar-, o)ten accompanied by extensive resin )low. "t s'ould be noted t'at resin exudation o)ten occurs )rom t'e branc'es and stems o) ot'erwise 'ealt'y plants o) eyland cypress t'us resin )low by itsel) is not a diagnostic c'aracteristic )or Seiridium can-er. Scattered twigs or branc'es -illed by t'e )ungus turn brig't reddis' brown, and are in stri-ing contrast to t'e dar- green 'ealt'y )oliage. 1ruiting bodies o) t'e )ungus appear on t'e bar- sur)ace o) t'e can-ers as small circular blacdots barely visible to t'e na-ed eye. Spores o) t'e )ungus are spread to ot'er parts o) an in)ected tree, or )rom tree to tree by water splas' )rom rain or irrigation. ,'e )ungus also can be spread )rom tree to tree on pruning tools. ong distance spread appears to be t'roug' t'e transport o) in)ected cuttings or plants. (urrently t'ere are no c'emical control measures recommended )or t'e disease in t'e landscape or nursery. Avoiding water stress and tree wounding may reduce in)ection. "n)ected branc'es or twigs s'ould be pruned and destroyed as soon as symptoms are noted. 0rune at least one inc' below t'e can-er, and sterili3e t'e pruning tools between cuts by dipping t'em in rubbing alco'ol or in a solution o) 5 part c'lorine bleac' to B parts water. ,ools s'ould be cleaned and oiled a)ter using bleac' to prevent rusting. Severely a))ected plants s'ould be removed and destroyed. #otryosphaeria Can!er ,'e outward symptoms o) Botryosp'aeria can-er, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, are similar to t'ose o) Seiridium can-er6 t'at is, scattered brig't reddis'&brown dead twigs and branc'es occurring in ot'erwise 'ealt'y )oliage. (an-ers on small twigs and branc'es are also similar to t'ose caused by S. unicorne, except t'at extensive resin exudation usually does not occur. /nli-e S. unicorne, 'owever, B. dothidea may produce long, narrow can-ers on t'e trun- t'at mig't extend )or a )oot or more in lengt'. ,'ese can-ers rarely girdle t'e trun-, but will -ill any branc'es t'at may be encompassed by t'e can-er as it enlarges. 1ruiting bodies o) t'e )ungus, perit'ecia and8or pycnidia, are produced 9ust beneat' t'e bar-, but t'eir presence can be discerned as tiny raised pimples scattered over t'e sur)ace o) t'e can-er. Spread o) t'e )ungus is similar to t'at described above )or S. unicorne, except t'at ascospores o) B. dothidea may be spread by wind. Botryosp'aeria can-er most o)ten occurs on plants t'at are under considerable stress, and an e))ective control strategy s'ould include -eeping t'e plants growing as vigorously as possible. Mulc' plants yearly and provide ade.uate water during extended dry periods. Avoid 'eavy )ertili3ation and severe pruning o) establis'ed plants. 0rune out and destroy dead branc'es. F))ective c'emical control is not available. Cercospora &eedle #light (ercospora needle blig't, caused by t'e )ungus Cercosporidium sequoiae #syn. Asperisporium sequoiae6 Cercospora sequoiae%, is a relatively new disease on eyland cypress. !owever, it a common disease on species o) Juniperus, Thuja, Cupressus, Taxodium, Cryptomeria, Sequoia and ot'er genera. ,'e )irst symptom o) (ercospora needle blig't is a browning o) t'e needles in t'e lower crown next to t'e stem. ,'e disease slowly spreads upward and outward until, in severe cases, only t'e needles at t'e tips o) t'e upper branc'es remain green. "n a general way, t'ese symptoms mimic t'ose caused by severe stress w'ere t'e

interior needles turn yellow and )all o)). 1ruiting bodies o) t'e )ungus appear as tiny, greenis' pustules on t'e upper sur)ace o) t'e needles or on small twigs. Spores #conidia% are present t'roug'out t'e spring and summer and are spread by wind. "n)ection usually occurs during periods o) wet weat'er. (ercospora needle blig't can be controlled by spraying wit' copper&containing )ungicides. ,'ere are no )ungicides registered speci)ically )or t'e disease on eyland cypress, but Eocide is registered )or general use on ornamentals. Spray plants at 5+&day intervals )rom bud breauntil new growt' matures. 'oot "iseases ,wo root diseases may a))ect eyland cypress6 0'ytop't'ora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, and Annosus root rot caused by Hetero asidion annosum. 0'ytop't'ora root rot can be a problem in bot' t'e nursery and landscape, and primarily a))ects smaller roots on plants. arge establis'ed trees in t'e landscape are rarely a))ected by 0'ytop't'ora root rot. ,'e disease is usually more damaging in situations w'ere soil drainage is very poor. 0lants wit' severe root damage may ex'ibit a general yellowing o) t'e )oliage and some tip diebac-. 0'ytop't'ora root rot can only be diagnosed wit' certainty by laboratory analysis o) a))ected roots. (ontrol o) t'e disease in nurseries can be obtained by treatment wit' Subdue Maxx. ('emical control is not recommended )or landscape trees. Annosus root rot is usually associated wit' landscape plants. "nitial in)ection by t'e )ungus is by spores on t'e )res'ly cut stumps o) coni)ers, most commonly pine. ,'e )ungus grows t'roug' t'e stump and its root system and may in)ect ad9acent trees t'roug' root contact. ,'e larger roots o) t'e newly in)ected plants are -illed and decayed. ,op symptoms may include a yellowing and slow decline, )ollowed by deat' o) t'e tree6 or t'e )oliage on t'e entire tree may suddenly turn a reddis'&brown color. Some trees may )all over be)ore any crown symptoms are present. 1ruiting bodies o) t'e )ungus may )orm at t'e base o) t'e tree, usually beneat' t'e mulc' or lea) litter. ,'ese are usually small, irregular in s'ape, brown on t'e upper sur)ace and w'ite on t'e lower sur)ace. ,'ere are no e))ective control measures once t'e tree is in)ected. As a preventative measure, stumps o) )elled, living coni)ers s'ould be eit'er removed completely, or t'e stump sur)ace treated wit' dry granular borax immediately a)ter t'e tree is )elled. ================================================================================

Skaggs: Cypress fungus is usually caught when it is too late


#y #illy S!aggs bs-aggsIuga.edu
POSTED: 6ugust 17, 8//9 7:;< p.m.

.ver t#e last 8/ years, massive walls o" green #ave been onstru ted a ross t#e =eorgia lands ape. T#ese walls are not onstru ted o" wood, steel or on rete. %at#er, t#ey are living walls 2 onstru ted5 using t#e popular $eyland ypress tree. $eyland ypress is t#e industry standard "or reating a priva y s reen to #ide unwanted views, mu""le street noise or to simply reate a se luded outdoor living spa e. T#ese trees are "ast,growing, ine0pensive and #ave a dense anopy o" attra tive green needles.

>n"ortunately, $eyland ypress #as been "ound to be sus eptible to a number o" pest problems. &" you #ave $eylands in your lands ape, you may #ave e0perien ed a bagworm in"estation or per#aps spider mites. W#ile t#ese an be di""i ult to ontrol, t#ey pale in omparison to a "ungal disease alled Seiridium an!er. &n my e0perien e, Seiridium an!er, aused by Seiridium uni orne, is t#e most damaging disease "or $eyland ypress. 'lants o" all si)es and ages are a""e ted. Can!ers may "orm on stems, bran #es and in bran # a0ils ausing twig, bran # or ? at least on smaller plants ? stem dieba !. Can!ers appear as sun!en, dar! brown or purplis# pat #es on t#e bar!, o"ten a ompanied by e0tensive sap "low. S attered twigs or bran #es !illed by t#e "ungus turn brig#t reddis# brown and are in stri!ing ontrast to t#e dar! green, #ealt#y "oliage. Fruiting bodies o" t#e "ungus appear on t#e bar! sur"a e o" t#e an!ers as small ir ular bla ! dots barely visible to t#e na!ed eye. Spores o" t#e "ungus are spread to ot#er parts o" an in"e ted tree, or "rom tree to tree by splas#ing water "rom rain or irrigation. T#e "ungus also an be spread "rom tree to tree on pruning tools. Seiridium an!er is en ouraged w#en $eyland ypress trees are under stress ? most o"ten t#e result o" droug#t stress. &n"e tion re@uires a wound, but it is also believed t#at t#e "ungus an enter t#roug# lenti els *natural openings on t#e bran #es t#at allow "or air e0 #ange. 6s a result, Seiridium an!ers o"ten appear randomly distributed a ross t#e tree anopy, wit# "oliage olor ranging "rom yellow to lig#t tan to brown. %egular watering during e0tended droug#t does lessen t#e #an e o" disease. &" a row o" $eylands is planted, t#e easiest way to a omplis# t#is is wit# a soa!er #ose. Simply run t#e #ose down t#e lengt# o" t#e row, pla ing it a "ew in #es "rom t#e trun!s. 6llow it to run "or t#ree to "our #ours on e a wee!. %emember, a soa!er #ose only emits 1 gallon o" water per "oot o" #ose per #our, so you are not using a lot o" water. 6 ording to A0tension pat#ologist 1ean Williams,Woodward, 2T#e one t#ing t#at #as to be stressed is t#at t#e in"e tion o urred years ago, and it is only now a"ter t#e an!ers #ave enlarged t#at t#e symptoms are evident. T#ere"ore, "ungi ides are not e""e tive in ontrolling t#e disease at t#is time.5 &" t#e tree is severely a""e ted, Williams,Woodward said, 2T#e best ontrol is to remove t#e damaged tree and replant wit# somet#ing else or even anot#er $eyland i" t#at is w#at is wanted. Wit#in a "ew years, t#e trees grow so "ast t#at t#e loss o" one will #ardly be noti ed.5

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