A LECTURE
BY
ROBERT
r
G.
INGERSOLL.
men
nothing
chains from the bodies of than to destroy the phantoms of the soul
NEW YORK.
C.
P.
FARRELL, PUBLISHER,
1895.
PROSE-POEMS
AND
SELECTIONS, BY
ROBERT _^^_.
HIS
is,
ft VA
Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 'aan&some Quarto, con\,ammg oner 30O pages.
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ADDRESS C. F\
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4OO
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Fifth Avenue,
Abraham
By permission
of the Century Co.
Lincoln.
A LECTURE
BY
ROBERT
G.
INGERSOLL
Nothing
is
grander than to break chains from the bodies of men nobler than to destroy the phantoms of the soul.
nothing
C. P.
NEW
BY
ROBERT
G.
INGERSOLL,
33 TULTON
NEW YORK.
v5r.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
i.
the
born
one
in
one
surrounded by wealth and culture. educated in the University of Nature, the other Cambridge.
EngOne was
at
in
One
associated his
name with
the enfranchisement
He
is
known
to us as
he
is
known
as Charles Darwin.
is
Nothing
4
bodies of
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
men
phantoms of the soul. Because of these two men the Nineteenth Century
is
illustrious.
few
a nation glorious
Shakespeare made England immortal, Voltaire civilized and humanized France, Goethe, Schiller and
Humboldt
lifted
Germany
Angelo,
Raphael, Galileo and Bruno crowned with fadeless laurel the Italian brow, and now the most precious
treasure of the Great Republic
is
the
memory
of
Abraham
Lincoln.
its
heroes,
its
iconoclasts, its
ideals.
and
still
who
past,
who are satisfied with the world as it is the few, who labor and suffer for the future, for those to be, and who seek to rescue the opdawn
;
and to
civilize
it
mankind.
sometimes happens that the liberator of one age becomes the oppressor of the next. His repuhe is so revered and wortation becomes so great
Yet
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
that his followers, in his name, attack the shipped hero who endeavors to take another step in advance.
The heroes
tice for
which they fought, put chains upon the limbs of others, and in their names the lovers of liberty
were denounced as ingrates and traitors. During the Revolution our fathers to justify
rebellion
their
dug down
human
rights
and planted
that
all
their standard
They
declared
men were
its
entitled to liberty
ment derived
But when victory came, the great pringoverned. ciples were forgotten and chains were put upon the
limbs of men.
Both of the great political parties were controlled by greed and selfishness. Both
For
Republic.
The
principal object of
both parties was the protection of the infamous institution. Both were eager to secure the Southern
vote and both sacrificed principle and honor upon
the altar of success.
At
last
the
Whig
was born.
This party was opposed to the further extension of slavery. The Democratic party of the
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
to
South wished
national
make
the
"
divine
"
institution
Each of these
tremists.
parties
The
go back the extremists of the Republican party were in the front, and wished to go forward. The extreme Democrat was willing to destroy the Union for the sake of
in the rear
were
and wished
to
slavery,
and the extreme Republican was destroy the Union for the sake of liberty.
extremists.
willing to
in
i858-6o.
When
from Kentucky to Indiana. A few trees were felled a log hut open to the south, no floor, no window,
was
built
little
lived.
Here the
mother died
died
memory
to Illinois.
of her
moved
Lin-
woven
upon
his
body
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
cattle.
Another farm was opened a few acres subdued and enough raised to keep the wolf from
the door.
a hand on a flat-boat
then
store
in partfailed.
another
bought
the
Nothing
surveying
*_>
made about
half a living
read law
nominated
lature
tariff,
and
protect
knew
to
then as
should be produced by the energy, skill and inHe knew that the more genuity of Americans.
industries
we
we
made, the greater would be the development of the American brain. And he knew that great men and
great
women
produce,
raise.
the
He knew
raw material
will
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
poor, while the people
intelligent
grow
and
rich.
To
to the imagination.
It is
Americans
to purchase
from Amer-
icans,
If
even
if
we purchase
a ton of steel
for
twenty
an
dollars,
we But if we buy
then
for
a ton of steel
dollars,
rails
from
American
rails
twenty-five
then
speech,
Linstood on solid rock and was absolutely right. coln was educated in the University of Nature
educated by cloud and star by field and winding stream by billowed plains and solemn forests by
by storm and morning's birth and death of clay by the ever eager Spring night by Summer's wealth of leaf and vine and flower the sad and
transient o-lories of the
Autumn woods
and Win-
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
ter,
builder of
home and
fireside,
warmth
He was
questions
perfectly
of the
He knew
the argu-
ments
for
and
against,
and no man of
his time
was
He knew He
had
the average
mind
He was
kin."
logical,
Senate against
for
Dou^o
but the extreme Republicans did vote for LinLincoln occupied the middle ground, and was
coln.
own
party.
He
had lived
for
many
in
of compromise
men
The sympathies
IO
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
His convictions,
his sense of
and
his
ideals,
He
had
knew
the un-
He
hood and independence of true greatness, and he could not have been a slave. He was just, and was
incapable of putting a burden upon others that he
was merciful and profound, and it was not necessary for him to read the history of the world to
He
know
same
that liberty
live
in
the
nation, or in the
same
is
brain.
Lincoln was a
statesman.
politician
And
in
there
this difference
between a
schemes
and a statesman.
politician
and works
something
are
for
With him
and the end
place and
is
power
of his
means
to an end,
the
good
country.
In this campaign Lincoln demonstrated three things
first,
that he
;
was the
ponent
and
third, that a
were on
his side.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
II.
I I
TN 1860
flict
crisis.
The
con-
between
be delayed. For three-quarters of a century the forces had been gathering for the battle.
After the Revolution, principle was sacrificed for the sake of gain. The Constitution contradicted the
Declaration.
in
con-
tempt.
Slavery
made
do not hold the South responsible for slavery any more than I do the North, The fact is, that There is individuals and nations act as they must.
I
of every hope, Back of every event of every opinion and prejudice, fancy and dream of every smile belief of every vice and virtue
no chance.
and
curse,
is
is
The
present moall
ment
past.
the
Northern
politicians
defended slavery
sell their
wanted
goods
to the South,
enemies of freedom.
12
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
the people
who
the slave for not being satisfied with the position in which the good God had placed him.
The
respectable,
the
rich,
the
prosperous, the
contempt.
They regarded
rights
Candidates
tried to
make
rights.
Men who
freedom was better than slavery, and that mothers should not be robbed of their babes,
insisted that
Mr. Douglas
declared that
when he
he did not care whether slavery was voted up or down. Upon this question the people, a majority
of them, were almost savages.
conscience, principle
all
Honor, manhood,
gain or office.
From
the
standing above
prejudices,
contending hosts,
of the
above the
the
Lincoln was great day enough and brave enough and wise enough to utter these prophetic words
sentimentalities
:
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
13
I
"A
itself
cannot stand.
believe this
Government cannot permanently endure half slave and half I do not expect the Union to be dissolved I do not exfree. but I do expect it will cease to be pect the house to fall divided. It will become all the one thing or the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is
;
in the
it
its
further until
becomes
well as new,
gathered the grandest political party the world has ever seen, and this declaration made Lincoln the
leader of that vast host.
In this, the
first
great
crisis,
made him
man
for
in
the Republic.
The Republican
party
nominated him
the
presidency and the people decided at the polls that a house divided against itself could not stand, and
that slavery
It is
soil
enough.
a really great
I
not a
fill
common
thing to
elect
man
dent.
to
do not say
by
acci-
Probably
would be better
is
afraid of genius.
He
feels as
14
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
an awkward
of-hand
man
feels in the
performer.
He
much
to
lack
The
ballast
of
By
elected
spite
of his
fitness
and the
patient,
gentle, just and loving man was called upon as great a burden as man has ever borne.
III.
r
to bear
~PHEN
sion,
came another
and
Civil
crisis
War.
feeling
first
and the
message
In his
he said
"The
is
He
face
also
South, in
showed conclusively that the North and spite of secession, must remain face to
that
they must have more or less commerce, and that this commerce must be carried on, either between
the two sections as friends, or as aliens
:
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
'
'
5
?
Can
aliens
make
?
can
make
laws
Can
laws
treaties
be more
friends
' '
among
any calm and thoughtful mind, he addressed himself to the hearts of America. Probably there are few
finer
passages
in literature
:
"
am
loth to close.
but friends.
We
it
may have
strained,
must not break, our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory stretching from every battlefield and patriotic grave to every loving heart and hearthstone all over this broad land,
will swell
as
by the
These
were delivered
midst of spies and conspirators surrounded by but few friends, most of whom were unknown, and some
at a time were wavering in their fidelity when secession was arrogant and organized, when
of
whom
patriotism
and when, to quote the ex" Sinners were pressive words of Lincoln himself,
silent,
was
When
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
underrated by the North contempt by the South and East not appreciated even by his cabinet
and yet he was not only one of the wisest, but one of the shrewdest of mankind. Knowing that he had the right to enforce the laws of the Union in all
parts of the United States
ing, as
and Territories
know-
he
did, that
wrong, he also knew that they had sympathizers not only in the North but in other lands.
Consequently he felt that it was of the utmost importance that the South should fire the first shot,
should do some act that would solidify the North
and gain
He
ter.
proposed to give food to the soldiers at SumHe asked the advice of all his cabinet on this
question,
with the exception of Montgomery Blair, answered in the negative, giving their reasons
all,
and
in writing.
own
course
and while
commenced actual hostilities and fired on the fort. The course pursued by Lincoln was absolutely right,
and the
act of the
solidified
the North, and gained for the Republic the justification of a great
number of people
in other lands.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
At
Above
all
This
to
capable of
of greater
importance to the free than to the enslaved." He knew what depended on the issue and he said
"
We
shall
lose,
the
last,
"
IV.
TPHEN
came a
crisis
in
the
North.
It
became
by it was that and slavery, to the border States on the side of necessary keep For this purpose he proposed a scheme the Union.
was
of emancipation
clearer
and clearer
to
and colonization
a scheme by
full
which the owners of slaves should be paid the value of what they called their " property."
He knew
ual
that
if
and received compensation for their slaves, they would be forever lost to the ConIt federacy, whether secession succeeded or not.
emancipation,
was objected
at the time,
by some,
that the
scheme
8
far too
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
expensive but Lincoln, wiser than his his enemies demonfar wiser than
;
was
advisers
proposed that $400 be paid for slaves, including men, women and children. This was a large price, and yet he show ed how much cheaper it was
r
He
on the war.
mentioned, there were
in
At
Delaware.
The
war was
at least
two millions
penses,
all
He
also
showed
Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri could be bought, at the same price, for less than the expense of carrying on the war for eighty-seven days.
This was the wisest thing that could have been proposed, and yet such was the madness of the
South, such the indignation of the North, that the advice was unheeded.
Again,
in July, 1862,
tives of the
pensated
see.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
Lincoln always hated slavery, and yet he
obligations
felt
19
the
first
and duties of
his
position.
In his
message he assured the South that the laws, includthe law for the return ing o the most odious of all
of fugitive slaves
would be enforced.
The South
Afterwards he proposed to purchase the slaves of the border States, but the propohear.
would not
was hardly discussed hardly heard. Events came thick and fast theories gave way to facts, and everything was left to force. The extreme Democrat of the North was fearful
sition
;
might be destroyed, that the Constitution might be broken, and that Lincoln, after all, could not be trusted and at the same time the radithat slavery
;
cal
Republican feared that Lincoln loved the Union more than he did liberty.
The
fact
is,
first
that
Lin-
was so
logical,
gentle, so kind
wise
and
Democrats
sprang to the defence, not only of the Union, but of his administration. Lincoln refused to be led or
hurried by Fremont or Hunter, by Greeley or
ner.
Sumand
From
first
to last he
was the
real
leader,
2O
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
V.
the the
members
It
see them.
the
first
to arrive.
He
book.
said
"
:
Looking up from the page, the President Chase, did you ever read this book ?" "What
it
book
plied
is
?"
asked Chase.
"
"Artemus Ward,"
'
re-
Lincoln.
'
Let
entitled
Wax Wurx
me
reading while the other members of the cabinet one by one came in. At last Stanton told Mr. Lincoln
that he
to be
was
in a
if
done he would
do
it
at once.
Whereopened
I
laid
down
Gentlemen,
have called you together to notify you what I have I want no advice. determined to do Nothing can
change
my
mind."
read the Proclamation of Emancipation Chase thought there ought to be something about
He then
God
in,
at the close, to
"
:
Put
it
it
won't hurt
it."
was
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
President would wait for a victory
in
21
over, the
members went
their
last to go,
and as he went
through the door looked back and saw that Mr. Lincoln had taken up the book and was again engrossed
in the
Wax Wurx
at Albany.
This was on the 22d of July, 1862. On the 22d after Lincoln wrote of August of the same year
Horace Greeley, in which he stated that his object was to save the Union that he would save it with slavery if he could ; that if it was
his celebrated letter to
;
in
Union, he would
in
was necessary
This
And height upon which they supposed he stood. yet, when this letter was written, the Emancipation
Proclamation was
in
his
an opportunity to give
it
to
the world.
22
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
and was by them informed that it was God's will that he should issue a Proclamation of Emancipation.
He
replied to
them,
in
He
also
suggested that if it were God's will this Proclamation should be issued, certainly God would have made
known
it
that will to
to issue
it.
him
to the person
whose duty
was
On
the
Republic, the
all
argu-
excelled
we
free."
This
is
absolutely true.
can be enjoyed, only by giving it to others. The spendthrift saves, the miser is prodigal. In the realm
He who puts husbandry. chains upon the body of another shackles his own The moment the Proclamation was issued, soul.
of Freedom,
waste
is
became
sacred.
From
race.
moment
human
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
23
From
and
that
moment
Nature
sublime and
free.
In 1831, Lincoln
flat-boat.
He
When
his
he reached
New
Or-
he and some of
the
city.
Among
where men and women were being sold at auction. A young colored girl was on the block. Lincoln
heard the brutal words of the auctioneer
the savage
soul with
remarks of bidders.
The scene
filled
his
Turning
to
his
companions, he
to hit slavery,
said,
"
Boys,
I'll
if
I it
by God
hit
The
Thirty-one years afterwards the chance came, the oath was kept, and to four millions of slaves, of men,
women and
of the soul.
children,
was restored
liberty, the
jewel
is
nothing more intensely dramatic than this. Lincoln held within his brain the grandest truths,
24
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
easily,
as
its
stainless
VI.
T \ TE were surrounded by enemies. Many of the so-called great in Europe and England were
against us.
institutions,
They hated
and sought
many ways
to aid the
South.
Mr. Gladstone announced that Jefferson Davis had made a nation, and that he did not believe the restoration of the
American Union by force attainable. From the Vatican came words of encouragement
It
fighting for
independence.
The Marquis
of Salisbury said
"
but English.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
25
Some
Louis Napoleon was another enemy, and he endeavored to establish a monarchy in Mexico, to the
But
uncommon common
in spite
sense, the
statesmanship of Lincoln
of foreign hate
all.
triumphed over
And
now we
easy.
forgive
all foes.
He knew He had as
honesty.
of individ-
much shrewdness
consistent
the
all
with
He
uals,
understood,
not only
In
rights
his
but
of
nations.
correspondence
with
he
his
hands.
rose
In
he
his
easily
fellows.
above
his
advisers
and
all
No
all.
He
could
;
have done nothing without the generals in the field and the generals could have done nothing without
their armies.
The
praise
is
due to
all
to
the
26
private as
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
much
as to the officer
to the lowest
who
much
as to the highest.
My
much
infinite
consummate
skill,
VII.
OLAVERY
was the cause of the war, and slavery was the perpetual stumbling-block. As the war
after question
arose
questions
answered by
theories.
Should we
the master
to his master,
when
was using his slave to destroy the Union ? If the South was right, slaves were property, and by the laws of war anything that might be used to the advantage of the enemy might be confiscated by us. Events did not wait for discussion. General Butler
" a contraband."
Con-
of the
life.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
to
kill
2?
the master
fields
If in
erty of
citizens
of
its
friends
certainly
it
it
has
has the
Lincoln
is
know
are
that
war
governed by the
the
ing
that
constitutions
All
he
could
do
he
to
did
in
the
interests
of
in-
peace.
He
in
offered
execute
of
every law
all
cluding the
slaves
ual,
most infamous
border States
to
buy the
grad-
the
to
;
establish
compensated emancipation would not hear. Then he confiscated the property of rebels
but
the
South
as
contraband
rebellion,
of war,
used them to
put
down
favor
the
in
armed
of
the
them
the of
to
uniform
Republic
was
in
making
on
them
citizens
and allowing
them
stand
an equality with their white brethren under the During these years Lincoln flag of the Nation.
moved with
been
kind.
justified
took has
2&
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
VIII.
T
*-'
in
INCOLN
hand on the
Republican meet-
Springfield, Illinois,
and Lin-
was
in his
happiest vein.
Emancipation.
"
Among
valid.
it
But the proclamation, as law, either is valid or If it is not valid it needs no retraction, but if
it
is
not
it is
valid
to life."
To
who
said they
:
would
Some
but no
matter."
Of negro
' '
soldiers
But negroes,
we
will
If they stake their lives for us they must be prompted by the even the promise of freedom. And the strongest motive
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
There
is
2Q
give
it
one
:
line in
this
letter
that will
immortality
'
'
The Father
is
' '
This line
worthy of Shakespeare.
Another
"Among
free
men
draws a comparison between the white men against us and the black men for us
:
He
men who can remember and clenched teeth and steady eye and tongue have mankind on to this great well-poised bayonet they helped while I fear there will be some consummation white ones unable to forget that with malignant heart and deceitful speech
then there will be some black
that with silent
;
"And
'
'
it.
Under
try,
letter,
all,
took possession of the heroic North. There was the greatest moral exaltation
ever
known.
The spirit of liberty took possession of the people. The masses became sublime. To fight for yourself is natural to fight for others
is
grand
is
noble
to
3O
fight for the
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
human
is
race
still.
for the
liberty
of hand
and brain
nobler
fact,
As sown
pit in
a matter of
own
defeat.
They dug
the
which they fell. Clay and Webster and thousands of others, had by their eloquence made the
law.
is
what,
at
last,
overwhelmed
the
Confederate
hosts.
It
does
not
seem
possible
that
only a few
years ago our Constitution, our laws, our Courts, the Pulpit and the Press defended and upheld
the institution of slavery
that
it
was a crime
lips
to
feed the
thirst
hungry
to give
water to the
of
shelter to a
!
woman
whip
the
and chain
The
stains
old flag
still flies
have gone.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
IX.
T
*-*
31
INCOLN
always saw the end. He was unmoved by the storms and currents of the times. He
for the conservative politicians,
He
occupied
by
candor
The
All
him
as a father.
felt
who had
lost their
felt
sons in battle
that his face
that they
had
his
sympathy
was as sad as
theirs.
They knew
that Lincoln
his
They knew that he was kind, sincere and merciful. They knew that in his veins there was no drop of tyrants' blood. They knew that he used his
power
and
life
to
During
all
embodiment
between
discipline
and death.
He
and condemned.
He took
32
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
was the
friend even
of the convict.
He knew
temptation's strength
and how
in fury's
sudden
and deaf
a
One day
called
woman, accompanied by a Senator, on the President. The woman was the wife
tried
came
of
to ask for
Her husband had been and condemned to be shot. She the pardon of her husband. The
"
man
Is
he intemperate, does
"
" he abuse the children and beat you ? No, no," " said the wife, he is a good man, a good husband, he loves me and he loves the children, and we can-
The only
I
trouble
in
is
that he
live
the
North, born
there,
get him home, he will do no more " Well," said Mr. Lincoln, fighting for the South."
and
if I
will pardon your I examining the papers, husband and turn him over to you for safe keeping." The poor woman, overcome with joy, sobbed as
after
"
My
if I
had known
never
how
badly
was going
to
make you
feel, I
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
"
33
would have pardoned him." You do not understand me," she cried between her sobs. " You do
not understand me."
the President,
shall
"
and
if
"
member
of Congress, on
his
way
The
tried
for
man
son.
told
him
had
that he
wanted a pardon
told
The Congressman
the old
man
to
to
Mr.
:
On
man
said
Mr. Lincoln,
my
wife sent
all
me
to
you.
We
had
three boys.
They
to be shot
Taint
if
the blood
I
he's his
she'll
he's
shot,
know
The
President,
Telegraph General
34
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
."
The Congressman congratulated the old man on He but the old man did not respond. his success
Mr. President," he began, I It won't satisfy his can't take that news home.
was not
satisfied.
"
<l
mother.
How
"
I
do
orders to-morrow?"
Lincoln,
"My
I
good man,"
I
said
Mr.
can.
The
generals
pardon so many.
say that
my mercy
destroys discipline.
you get home you tell his mother what you said to me about my giving further orders, and then you tell
her that
I
said this
' :
If
your son
lives until
they get
die peo-
when he does
pared to him.'
is
Through
known
as
Lincoln the
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
X.
36
L
No
INCOLN
humor
In his
how
how
embarrassing the situation, his humor furnished an answer, and a door of escape.
Vallandingham was a friend of the South, and did what he could to sow the seeds of failure. In his
opinion everything, except rebellion, was unconstitutional.
He was
arrested, convicted
by a court
martial,
and
sentenced to imprisonment. There was doubt about the legality of the trial, and thousands in the North denounced the whole
proceeding as tyrannical and infamous. At the same time millions demanded that Vallandingham should be punished.
Lincoln's
humor came
to the rescue.
He
disap-
act as unconstitutional
its
for the
sake of
humor.
36
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
Horace Greeley always had the idea that he was
and
people of the North and the people of the desired peace. He took it upon himself to
Lincoln.
South
lecture;
Lincoln, with
that
wonderful sense
of
humor, united with shrewdness and profound wisdom, told Greeley that, if the South really wanted peace,
he (Lincoln) desired the same thing, and was doing all he could to bring it about. Greeley insisted that a commissioner should be appointed, with authority
to negotiate
federacy.
This
was
Lincoln's
act
opportunity.
He
authorized Greeley to
as
such commissioner.
The
great editor
felt
that he
any
offers of
The
failure
of Greeley
position in which he
was
left,
went
to Grant's headquarters
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
federate commissioners.
37
that
it
He urged
if
was hardly
that
they had to do was to stop fighting. One of the commissioners cited as a precedent the fact that
Charles the First negotiated with rebels
in
arms.
To which
his head.
The
conference
came
expected.
The commissioners, one of them being Alexander H. Stephens, who, when in good health, weighed
about ninety pounds, dined with the President and Gen. Grant. After dinner, as they were leaving,
Stephens put on an English ulster, the tails of which reached the ground, while the collar was somewhat
As Stephens went
said
as
"
:
out, Lincoln
little
Did you ever see Grant, look at Stephens. " a nubbin with as much shuck ?
Lincoln always tried to do things in the easiest way. He did not waste his strength. He was not
particular about
moving along
straight lines.
He
go
He was
willing to
38
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
XL
of the most wonderful things ever done
by
Lincoln was the promotion of General Hooker. After the battle of Fredericksburg, General Burnside
found great
fault
Army
of the Potomac.
Lin-
disapproved of Burnside's order, and gave Hooker the command. He then wrote Hooker this
letter
:
memorable
' '
mac.
have placed you at the head of the Army of the PotoOf course I have done this upon what appears to me to
be
sufficient reasons,
and yet
in
I
think
it
best for
you
to
know
some things
soldier
which, of course,
also believe
you do not
mix
in which you are right. politics with your profession You have confidence which is a valuable, if not an indispen-
sable,
quality.
You
bounds, does good rather than harm but I think that during General Burnside's command of the army you have taken
counsel of your ambition to thwart him as much as you could in which you did a great wrong to the country and to a most
meritorious and honorable brother
officer.
I
have heard,
in
army
it, of your recently saying that both and the Government needed a dictator. Of course it
it,
was not
that
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
mand.
39
Only those generals who gain successes can set up What I now ask of you is military successes, and I will risk the dictatorship. The Government will support you to the utmost of its ability, which is neither more nor less than it has done and will do for all commanders. I much fear that
dictators.
you have aided to infuse into the army, of commander and withholding confidence in him,
I shall assist you, so far as I can, to Neither you, nor Napoleon, if he were alive, can get any good out of an army while such a spirit prevails in it. And now beware of rashness. Beware of rashness, but with
now
turn
upon you.
put
it
down.
This
letter has, in
my judgment,
is
no
parallel.
The
the
mistaken
magnanimity
:
almost
equal
to
prophecy
"
I
much
into the
army, of
criticising their
now
turn
upon you."
fulfillment.
Chancellorsville
was the
XII.
/VAR.
LINCOLN
was a statesman.
The
great
in
stumbling-block
Lincoln's way, and in the
way
This doctrine
slavery.
It
was
first
established
to
protect
was clung
4O
slave trade.
It
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
became sacred
it
in
connection with
finally
was
used as
in
defense of
support of the wrong. For many years politicians upon both sides of this question endeavored to express the exact relations ex-always
in
isting
States,
know
Lincoln.
In his
of no one
who
given, and
it is
perfect
whole
to the General
left
Government.
When
that definition
realized in
practice, this
country becomes a Nation. Then we shall know that the first allegiance of the citizen is not to his
State, but to the Republic,
first
duty of
the Republic
in
is
when
not be discharged
by delegating
in
it
to the States.
Lincoln believed
in the
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
XIII.
41
**
principal
a great
drama.
peared, and
may be
Lincoln assumed
corre-
times master
strategist,
was a natural
" the in
man beneath
the flag.
Had
Had Hooker
tions,
the Nation.
Lincoln's political prophecies were
all fulfilled.
We
know now
to last,
42
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
this
by reason of
his
his intelligence,
his
humor, his
philosophy,
courage and
patriotism.
unmoved,
patient, just
and candid.
his heart
was no
cloud,
and
in
longed to save the South as well as North, to see the Nation one and free.
no
He
until Confederacy was dead Lee surrendered, until Davis fled, until the doors of
He He
until
the Republic
was
He
He
forever.
palms
of victory
murmured music
were
his
of the wel-
come waves.
He
-
lived until
all
loyal hearts
until the
made music
in the souls of
men
He
remained nothing
for
him
to
He
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
Joy, beneath the outstretched wings of Peace
43
the
foremost
man
in all
the world.
Night fell on noon. The Savior of the Republic, the breaker of chains, the liberator of millions, he who had " assured freethen the horror came.
And
dom
and
to the free,"
his
was dead.
Upon
is
that binds
all
XIV.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
**
strange
mingling of
mirth and tears, of the tragic and grotesque, of cap and crown, of Socrates and Democritus, of
/Esop and Marcus Aurelius, of all that is gentle and just, humorous and honest, merciful, wise, laughable,
lovable and divine, and
all
man
while through
all,
and over
were an overto
whelming sense of obligation, of chivalric loyalty truth, and upon all, the shadow of the tragic end.
Nearly
all
44
sible
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
monsters, disproportioned by flattery, or by
calumny deformed.
peculiarities,
We
know nothing
but
their
of their
or
nothing
peculiarities.
clings
now only a steel engraving. About the real man who lived and loved and hated and schemed, we know but little. The glass through which we look at him is of such high magnifying
Washington
is
power that the features are exceedingly indistinct. Hundreds of people are now engaged in smoothing out the lines
features to the
of
Lincoln's
face
forcing
all
common mould
so that he
may be
known, not
poor standard, as he should have been. Lincoln was not a type. He stands alone
ancestors, no fellows,
no
and no successors.
in
He
new
country,
his self-respect.
of every kind
men
He became
ends,
the
acquainted with
heart,
the
ambitions
to
the
means used
accomplish
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
He was springs of action and the seeds of thought. familiar with nature, with actual things, with common
facts.
He
poem
of
possess at least
three
honesty,
often
more imcounterfeit
It is
portant
than
soil.
well-executed
passes
more
necessary
society
only to
observe
the unwritten
to
laws of
prison,
to be honest
enough
keep out of
and generous enough to subscribe in public where the subscription can be defended as an investment.
In a
new
country, character
is
is
essential
in
the
old, reputation
sufficient.
;
what a man
for
really is
in
what he resembles.
distance are
much nearer
by the
It is
walls of caste.
no advantage to live in a great city, where poverty degrades and failure brings despair. The
than paved streets, and the great Oaks and elms are more forests than walls of brick.
fields are lovelier
There you
46
see
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
the
rising
;
and setting sun you become acquainted with the stars and clouds. The constellations are your friends. You hear the rain on the
roof and listen to the rhythmic sighing of the winds.
You
Autumn
field
is
a picture, a landscape every landscape a poem every flower a tender thought, and every forest a fairy-land. In
Every
your perThere you are an aggregation of atoms sonality. but in the city you are only an atom of an aggrega;
tion.
you keep your cheek close to the breast of Nature. You are calmed and ennobled by
In the country
-by
Lincoln never
education.
To
the
knowledge.
You have no
is
idea
are spoiled
by what
called
education.
places
where
polished
and
diamonds are
dimmed.
Shakespeare had graduated at Oxford, he might have been a quibbling attorney, or a hypocritical
parson.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
Lincoln
47
is
There
intelligent
nothing
honesty.
shrewder
this
is
world than
Perfect candor
sword and
shield.
lawyer he endeavored to get at the truth, at the very heart of a case. H"e was not willing even to deceive himself.
He
As
No
enough
to
find the
to
pronounce judgment
against his
own
desires.
and
his
He was
never too dignified to admit that he did not know. No man had keener wit, or
kinder humor.
It
may be
that
humor
drift
is
Humor
the
mind
gives
like
its
and
the
abdicates and
48
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
tell
even unpleasant truths as charmingly as most men can tell the things we wish to hear.
of Lincoln that he could
He was
not solemn.
Solemnity
is
mask worn
it is the by ignorance and hypocrisy logue, and index to the cunning or the
preface, prostupid.
He was
natural in his
life
and thought
master
and prudes, using any word that wit could disinfect. He was a logician. His logic shed light. In its
presence the
and the
most complex and intricate political and metaphysical knots seemed to untie themselves. Logic is the
necessary product of intelligence and sincerity.
It
cannot be learned.
It is
and a good
heart.
Lincoln was candid, and with candor often deceived the deceitful.
He
had
intellect
without arro-
that
is
to
say, without
He was
an orator
clear, sincere,
natural.
He
He
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
If
49
you wish to be sublime you must be natural you must keep close to the grass. You must sit by the fireside of the heart above the clouds it is too
:
cold.
You must be
simple
in
your speech
too
much
The
fills
and
gold hoarded by
tering coin
to
memory
the
spendthrift
heart,
brain, ennobles
the
science.
If
Between
his lips
you wish to know the difference between an orator and an elocutionist between what is felt and
what
is
said
do together and what the brain can do alone read Lincoln's wondrous speech at Gettysburg, and then
the oration of
Edward
Everett.
The speech
It
will
dust.
never be forgotten. live until languages are dead and lips are The oration of Everett will never be read.
of Lincoln will
elocutionists believe
in
The
tences,
50
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
The
He
est
He knows
need the
that
words
least
drapery.
He
Obstinacy
is
and they submitted to him as men submit to nature He was severe with himself, and unconsciously.
for that
He
appeared to apologize
his fellows.
He
mitted crimes.
said
awkwardness, that
is
modesty. As a noble man, wishing to pay a small debt to a poor neighbor, reluctantly offers a hundred-dollar
bill
change, fearing that he may be suspected either of making a display of wealth or a prefor
and asks
show
his
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
51
A
By
great
man
make
his
by
freedom from
restraint,
and saying
it
absolutely in his
it
He
was the enemy of mock solemnity, of the stupidly respectable, of the cold and formal.
He wore no official robes either on his body or his soul. He never pretended to be more or less, or
other, or different, from
what he
really was.
He
self.
He
built
The
was a pyramid, narrowing as it rose. Through days and nights of sorrow, through years of grief and pain, with uncure and
structure
The
swerving purpose,
charity for
all,"
"
with infinite patience, with unclouded Stone after stone was vision, he hoped and toiled.
the Proclamation found
its
place.
On that the Goddess stands. He knew others, because perfectly acquainted with himself. He cared nothing for place, but everything for
principle
;
little
for
52
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
Where no
willing to
principle
was
if
swayed
go
slowly,
;
in
sometimes willing to stop but he would not go back, and he would not go wrong. He was willing to wait. He knew that the event
the right direction
fate
fool
of
He knew
themselves.
that slavery
wound
He was
He
neither
titles,
is.
Beyond accident, and war he saw the end. policy, compromise He was patient as Destiny, whose undecipherable
hieroglyphs were so deeply graven on his sad and
tragic face.
Nothing discloses
power.
It is
the use of
easy for the weak to be gentle. Most But if you wish to know people can bear adversity. what a man really is, give him power. This is the
supreme
test.
It is
except
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
63
man.
no fear except the fear of doing wrong. Hating slavery, pitying the master seeking to he was the conquer, not persons, but prejudices
He knew
embodiment of the
hope
He
He
diction
convince.
He He
NOTICE
For any and
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When
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and you
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New Photographs of
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The
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In silk cloth, bevele'd edges, gilt back and side, $2.50; in half calf, mottled edges, elegant librarv style, $4.50 in full Turkey morocco, gilt, exquisitely fine, $7.50; in full tree calf- highest possible style and finish, $9.00.
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two or
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I take this course to warn the public that these publications are the only correct editions being those published by Mr. C. P. Farrell.
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INGERSOLL'S
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Matthew and Mark; An Essay on Dreams; Private Thoughts on a Future State A Letter to the Hon. Thomas Erskine; Religious Year of the Theophilanthropists ; Precise History of the Theophilanthropists; A Discourse Delivered to the Society of Theophilanthropists at Paris; ALettertoCamille Jordan Origin of Freemasonry The Names in the Book of Genesis Extract from a Reply to the Bisho'p of Llandaff The Book of Job Sabbath or Sunday Future State Miracles; An Answer to a Friend on the Publication of the Age of Reason ; Letters to Samuel Adams and Andrew A. Dean Remarks on Robert Hall's Sermons- The word Religion; Cain and Abel The Tower of Babel ; To Members of the Society styling itself the Missionary Society Religion of Deism The Sabbath Day of Connecticut Ancient History ; Bishop Moore ; John Mason Books of the New Testament Deism and the Writings of Thomas Paine, etc. The work has also a fine Portrait of Paine, as Deputy to the National Convention in France, and portraits ot Samuel Adams, Thomas Erskine, Camille Jordan, Richard Watson, and other illustrations. One vol., post 8vo., 432 pages, paper 50 cts., cloth $1.00.
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in two volumes, post 8vo, cloth, pages each. Price $i.ou per volume. Sense and the Epistle to the Quakers; The Crisis, (the 16 Numbers Complete); A Letter to the Abbe Ra'/nal; Letter from Paine to Washington Letter from Washington to Paine Dissertation on Government, the Affairs of the Bank and Paper Money Prospects on the Rubicon or, an Investigation into the Causes and Consequences of the Politics to be agitated at the next Meeting of Parliament Public Good, being an Examination into the claim of Virginia to the Western Territory, etc. Volume II. contains: Rights of Man in two Parts, (Part I. being an Answer to Burke's Attack on the French Revolution Part II. contains Principle and Practice) Letter to Abbe Sieyes To the Authors of the Republican,- Letter Addressed to the Addressers on the Late Proclamation Letters to Lord Onslow; Dissertation on First Principles of Government; Letters to Mr. Secretary Dundas; Speech in the French National Convention; Reasons for Sparing the Life of Louis Capet; Letter to the People of France On the Propriety of Bringing"Louis XVI. to Trial; Speech in the National Convention on the* Question, Shall or shall not a Respite of the Sentence of Louis XVI. take place ?'' To the People of France and the French Armies Decline and Fall ot the English System of Finance Agrarian Justice, etc.
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Life Of
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their Parallels in other Religions Being a Comparison oi Testament Myths and Miracles with those of Heathen Nation! Considering also their Origin and Meaning. With numerous illus:
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SPINOZA, (BENEDICT
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I
July
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IN ILLINOIS.
for the Presidency.
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THE PAST
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A TRIBUTE TO EBON
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SOME MISTAKES OF MOSES. WHAT MUST WE DO TO BE SAVED? SIX INTERVIEWS WITH ROBERT G. INGERSOLL ON SIX SERMONS BY THE Rev. T. DEWITT
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