DELOS SANTOS VS.

IAC

Emiliano R. De Los Santos, Spouses Norma A. Padilla and Isidoro L. Padilla and the Heirs of Francisco Dayrit, petitioners, s. !he Hon. Intermediate Appellate "ourt, Hon. #ud$e "icerro ". #urado and Edil%erto "adiente, respondents. !hird Di ision Romero, #une &, '(() !opic* So erei$nty + Suits not a$ainst the State + E,propriation Facts* Petitioners are co+o-ners of a parcel of land in .arrio /a-a, .inan$onan, Ri0al 1area* '(,23' s4 m5 Petitioners alle$e that in 6cto%er '(7', -ithout their 8no-led$e or consent, Loren0o "adiente, a pri ate contractor and the Pro incial En$ineer of Ri0al constructed a road ( meters -ide and '&7.92 meters lon$ occupyin$ ','3: s4 m of their parcel of land Aside from the road, an artificial cree8 &).&2 meters -ide and '&7.3( meters lon$ -as also constructed, occupyin$ an area of &,(23 s4 m of their property "onstructed in a 0i$0a$ manner, the crea8 meandered throu$h their property Petitioners files t-o cases -hich -ere later consolidated Solicitor ;eneral filed a motion to dismiss %oth cases se eral $rounds, includin$ that %oth cases -ere in reality suits a$ainst the state -hich could not %e maintained -ithout the State<s consent !he lo-er court dismissed the petition= petitioners ele ated the case to the S" on certiorari, -hich referred the cases %ac8 to the IA" IA" ruled* the t-o actions cannot %e maintained %ecause they are suits a$ainst the State -ithout consent "ase -as a$ain ele ated to the S" on certiorari Issue* /hether or not the consolidated actions, as suits a$ainst the State, can %e maintained Holdin$* >es. Ratio*

 !he doctrine of $o ernmental immunity from suit cannot ser e as an instrument for perpetratin$ an in?ustice on a citi0en= it cannot ser e as defense %y the State a$ainst an action for payment %y the o-ner !he respondent $o ernment officials e,ecuted a shortcut in appropriatin$ petitioners< property for pu%lic use= no e,propriation proceedin$s had %een underta8en prior to the construction of the pro?ects

Dama$es may %e a-arded the petitioners in the form of le$al interest on the price of the land to %e rec8oned from the time of the unla-ful ta8in$ Petition $ranted. "i il "ases remanded to the lo-er court for trial on the merits after the Repu%lic of the Philippines shall ha e %een impleaded as defendant in %oth cases.

Republic v. Sandiganbayan G.R. No. 90478 November 21, 1991 Narvasa, . Facts: !r"va#e res$o%&e%#s '"e%ve%"&o R. Ta%#o(o, r. a%& Dom"%a&or R. Sa%#"a)o * #o)e#+er ,"#+ -er&"%a%& E. .ar(os, Ime/&a R. .ar(os, '"e%ve%"&o R. Ta%#o(o, Sr., G/"(er"a R. Ta%#o(o, a%& .ar"a Lo0r&es Ta%#o(o1!"%e&a1are &e2e%&a%#s "% a ("v"/ (ase o2 #+e Sa%&")a%ba3a%. T+e (ase ,as (omme%(e& b3 #+e !res"&e%#"a/ Comm"ss"o% o% Goo& Gover%me%# 4!CGG5 "% be+a/2 o2 #+e Re$0b/"( o2 #+e !+"/"$$"%es. T+e (om$/a"%# ,+"(+ "%"#"a#e& #+e a(#"o% ,as &e%om"%a#e& o%e 2or re(o%ve3a%(e, revers"o%, a((o0%#"%), res#"#0#"o% a%& &ama)es, a%& ,as avo,e&/3 2"/e& $0rs0a%# #o E6e(0#"ve Or&er No. 14 o2 !res"&e%# Cora7o% C. A80"%o. Issue: ,+e#+er or %o# #+e !CGG b3 2"/"%) a s0"# +as "m$/"e&/3 ,a"ve& "#s "mm0%"#3 2rom s0"# Held:

9es. T+e (o%se%# o2 #+e S#a#e #o be s0e& ma3 be )"ve% e6$ress/3 or "m$/"e&/3. E6$ress (o%se%# ma3 be ma%"2es#e& e"#+er #+ro0)+ a )e%era/ /a, or a s$e("a/ /a,. Im$/"e& (o%se%# "s )"ve% when the State itself commences litigation or ,+e% "# e%#ers "%#o a (o%#ra(#. T+e "mm0%"#3 o2 #+e S#a#e 2rom s0"#s &oes %o# &e$r"ve "# o2 #+e r")+# #o s0e $r"va#e $ar#"es "% "#s o,% (o0r#s. T+e s#a#e as $/a"%#"22 ma3 ava"/ "#se/2 o2 #+e &"22ere%# 2orms o2 a(#"o%s o$e% #o $r"va#e /"#")a%#s. I% s+or#, b3 #a:"%) #+e "%"#"a#"ve "% a% a(#"o% a)a"%s# #+e $r"va#e $ar#"es, #+e s#a#e s0rre%&ers "#s $r"v"/e)e& $os"#"o% a%& (omes &o,% #o #+e /eve/ o2 #+e &e2e%&a%#. T+e /a##er a0#oma#"(a//3 a(80"res, ,"#+"% (er#a"% /"m"#s, #+e r")+# #o se# 0$ ,+a#ever (/a"ms a%& o#+er &e2e%ses +e m")+# +ave a)a"%s# #+e s#a#e. I% e6er("s"%) #+e r")+# o2 em"%e%# &oma"%, #+e S#a#e e6er("ses "#s jus imperii, as &"s#"%)0"s+e& 2rom "#s $ro$r"e#ar3 r")+#s or jus gestionis. 9e#, eve% "% #+a# area, "# +as bee% +e/& #+a# ,+ere $r"va#e $ro$er#3 +as bee% #a:e% "% e6$ro$r"a#"o% ,"#+o0# ;0s# (om$e%sa#"o% be"%) $a"&, #+e &e2e%se o2 "mm0%"#3 2rom s0"# (a%%o# be se# 0$ b3 #+e S#a#e a)a"%s# a% a(#"o% 2or $a3me%# b3 #+e o,%er.