HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE .

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INFLUENCES OF ARCHITECTURE

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ARCHITECTURE

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PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE ANCIENT-EGYPT PRE-COLUMBIAN MESOPOTAMIAN ANCIENT GREECE ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

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PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE

A. STONE AGE
1. PALEOLITHIC 2. MESOLITHIC 3. NEOLITHIC >> atal Hyk , Anatolia. Largest and best preserved Neolithic site found to date.
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PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE

B. BRONZE AGE >> MINOAN ARCHITECTURE (CRETE) -Named after King Minos of Knossos >> HARAPPA (Indian Subcontinent) C. IRON AGE
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ANCIENT EGYPT

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

>> FLOURISHED IN NILE RIVER IN NORTHWEST AFRICA >> MASSIVE MASONRY OF TOMBS AND TEMPLES >> TRABEATED CONSTRUCTION, BATTERED WALLS

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ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES GEOGRAPHICAL LAND OF THE PHARAOH

GEOLOGICAL

STONE, SUN-DRIED BRICKS, DATE PALM, ACACIA, SYCAMORE

CLIMATIC

ABSENCE OF RAIN
RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE

LIFE AFTER DEATH, PHARAOH, PYRAMID, MASTABA

HISTORICAL EVENTS

ANCIENT AND MIDDLE KINGDOM, NEW EMPIRE, PTOLEMAIC PERIOD

SOCIAL-POLITICAL
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MONARCHY

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

>> SIMPLICITY, MONUMENTALITY, MASSIVENESS >> COLUMNAR & TRABEATED; POST & LINTEL >> BATTERWALLS >> HIEROGLYPHICS
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TYPES OF STRUCTURES
A.TOMBS A. TOMBS 1. MASTABA 2. PYRAMIDS a. Step Pyramid b. Bent Pyramid c. Slope Pyramid 3. ROCKROCK-CUT TOMBS B. TEMPLES 1. MORTUARY 2. CULT TEMPLE

C. OBELISKS D. SPHINX E. CAPITALS AND COLUMNS

1. BUD & BELL 2. POLYGONAL COLUMNS 3. PAPYRUS CAPITAL 4. VOLUTE CAPITAL 5. PALM TYPE CAPITAL 6. SQUARE PILLARS 7. HATHOR-HEADED 8. OSIRIS CAPITAL

F. MOULDINGS
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STEP PYRAMID

PYRAMID OF KING ZOSER

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BENT PYRAMID

PYRAMID OF SNEFRU

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THE GREAT PYRAMIDS AT GIZAH

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GREAT TEMPLE OF ABUABU-SIMBEL

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TEMPLE OF QUEEN HATSHEPSUT

MT.DER-EL-BAHARI

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OBELISKS

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SPHINX

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COLUMNS AND CAPITALS

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COLUMNS AND CAPITALS

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COLUMNS AND CAPITALS

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ORNAMENTS

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PRECOLUMBIAN ARCHITECTURE
>> ARCHITECTURE OF MESOAMERICAN > MAYAN ARCHITECTURE > INCA ARCHITECTURE > AZTEC ARCHITECTURE

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MAYAN ARCHITECTURE

CHICHEN-ITZA

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INCA ARCHITECTURE MACCHU PICCHU Its primary buildings are the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and the Room of the Three Windows.

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AZTEC ARCHITECTURE
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MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHITECTURE

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GEOGRAPHICAL INFLUENCE >> Twin Rivers Tigris & Euphrates >> Mesopotamia refers to Persia, Assyria & Babylon.

ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES

GEOGOLICAL INFLUENCE >> In Assyria and Babylon, CLAY to produce BRICKS due to floods and heavy rain. >> In PERSIA, TIMBER and COLORED LIMESTONE due to no rain. CLIMATIC INFLUENCE >> In Assyria & Babylonia, Ziggurat was created due to No Rain >> In Persia, have dry & hot climate c resulted in bldg.open type temples. RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE >> Symbolism, believers of good and evil. SOCIAL & POLITICAL INFLUENCE >> Babylonians achieved highest degree of civilization. >> Assyrian and Persian believe in military superiority thus manifested in their bldgs. HISTORICAL INFLUENCE >> Babylonian Period >> Assyrian Period

>> Neo-Babylonian Period >> Persian Period

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ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER >> MASSIVENESS >> MONUMENTALITY >> GRANDEUR CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES >> PERSIAN : Columnar and Trabeated with flat timber roof sometimes domed. >> ASSYRIAN & BABYLONIAN : Arch , Vault and Buttresses w/ glazed tile adornment.
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EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURES (BABYLON) A. ZIGGURATS or Holy Mountains 1. ARCHAIC ZIGGURAT 2. TWO OR MORE STAGES ZIGGURAT 3. SEVEN STAGES SQUARE BASE ZIGGURAT B. CITY OF BABYLON (ASSYRIA) >> PALACE OF SARGON (PERSIA) >> PALACE FLATFORM PERSOPOLIS > Palace of Darius >Hypostyle Hall of Xerxes > Palace of Xerxes > Halls of Hundreds columns > Propylaea

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ZIGURRAT OF URNAMMU, UR
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PALACE OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR

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