The Transformation of Frontiers From Late Antiquity to the Carolingians by Walter Pohl Ian Wood Helmut Reimitz sie A - - > eS = 5 tial 2 “1693 BRILL LEIDEN * BOSTON 2001This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A G.LP. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, ISBN 90 04 11115 8 © Copyright 2001 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. Alll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, wi prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items f granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to ‘The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, Fees are subject to change. internal or personal use is PRINTED IN THE: NETHERLANDSCONTENTS Introduction: Drawing frontiers Lan Wood Frontiers of the late Roman Empire: Perceptions and realities. sss eeeeecreee 5 Javier Arce The late Roman art of client management ial defence in the fourth century west 15 Péer Heather Ripa Gothica and litus Saxonicum 69 Evangelos. Chyysos Concepts of realm and frontiers from late antiquity to th early Middle Ages: Some preliminary remarks 73 Hans-Werner Godz Invisible boundaries and places of power: Notions of liminality and centrality in the early Middle Ages 83 Dick Harrison On the supposed frontier between the reguum Visigothorum and Byzantine Hispania 95 Gisela Ripoll Lopez Frontiers in Lombard Italy: The laws of Ratehis and Aistulf .... 117 Walter Pohl Byzantine belts and Avar birds. Diplomacy, trade and cultural wansfer in the eighth century. .... a seceeeneee M43 Falko Daim Conversion and c rol: The establishment of liturgical frontiers in Carolingian Pannonia 189 Helmut Reimitz Missionaries and the Christian frontier 209 Tan Wood